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Case Study 2: Sisters of Nazareth Case Study no. 2 The provision of residential care for children in Scotland by the Sisters of Nazareth between 1933 and 1984 in the Nazareth Houses in Aberdeen, Cardonald, Lasswade, and Kilmarnock Evidential Hearings: 24 April to 3 July 2018 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government- licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.childabuseinquiry.scot Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to [email protected] Published May 2019 Produced by APS Group Scotland, 21 Tennant Street, Edinburgh EH6 5NA Case Study no. 2 The provision of residential care for children in Scotland by the Sisters of Nazareth between 1933 and 1984 in the Nazareth Houses in Aberdeen, Cardonald, Lasswade, and Kilmarnock Evidential Hearings: 24 April to 3 July 2018 Contents Preface v Summary ix 1. Introduction 1 2. The Sisters of Nazareth 3 3. General descriptions and regime 13 4. Physical abuse 24 4.1 Aberdeen 28 4.2 Cardonald 34 4.3 Lasswade 36 4.4 Kilmarnock 39 4.5 Response to evidence about physical abuse 40 4.6 Conclusions about physical abuse 41 5. Bed-wetting practices 42 5.1 Aberdeen 42 5.2 Cardonald 44 5.3 Lasswade 46 5.4 Kilmarnock 47 5.5 Response to evidence about treatment of bed-wetters 48 5.6 Conclusions about bed-wetting 49 6. Force-feeding 50 6.1 Aberdeen 50 6.2 Cardonald 51 6.3 Lasswade 52 6.4 Kilmarnock 52 6.5 Response to evidence about force-feeding 53 6.6 Conclusions about force-feeding 53 ii Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry – Case Study no. 2 7. Chores 54 7.1 Aberdeen 54 7.2 Cardonald 56 7.3 Lasswade 56 7.4 Kilmarnock 56 7.5 Response to evidence about chores 57 7.6 Conclusions about chores 58 8. Washing and bathing 59 8.1 Aberdeen 59 8.2 Cardonald 59 8.3 Lasswade 60 8.4 Kilmarnock 61 8.5 Response to evidence about washing and bathing 61 8.6 Conclusions about washing and bathing 62 9. Emotional abuse 63 9.1 Aberdeen 63 9.2 Cardonald 68 9.3 Lasswade 72 9.4 Kilmarnock 74 9.5 Response to evidence about emotional abuse 75 9.6 Conclusions about emotional abuse 76 10. Sexual abuse 77 10.1 Aberdeen 77 10.2 Cardonald 80 10.3 Lasswade 82 10.4 Kilmarnock 83 10.5 Response to evidence about sexual abuse 85 10.6 Conclusions about sexual abuse 86 Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry – Case Study no. 2 iii 11. Reflections 87 12. Records 90 Appendix A – Terms of Reference (ToR) 112 Appendix B – Breakdown of numbers of children and babies at the four Scottish Nazareth Houses between 1925 and 1984 114 Appendix C – Analysis of the means by which children were placed in the Scottish Nazareth Houses between the 1930s and the 1980s 116 Appendix D – Numbers of complaints, civil actions, police investigations, criminal proceedings and applicants to SCAI 125 iv Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry – Case Study no. 2 Preface The Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry Public hearings (“SCAI”) In common with other public inquiries, the SCAI’s Terms of Reference (“ToR”) require it to work of SCAI includes public hearings which “investigate the nature and extent of abuse of take place after detailed investigations, children in care in Scotland” during the period research, analysis and preparation have been from within living memory to 17 December completed by SCAI counsel and SCAI staff. 2014 and to create a national public record That stage can take a long time. The public and commentary on abuse of children in care hearings of SCAI include – importantly – the in Scotland during that period. taking of oral evidence from individuals about their experiences as children in care The requirement is to investigate sexual, and the reading of a selection of evidence physical, psychological and emotional abuse from some of their written statements. and, at the Chair’s discretion, other types of The evidence also includes accounts of abuse including unacceptable practices (such the impact of their having been abused as deprivation of contact with siblings) and as children in care. During and following neglect. There is also a requirement to make the evidential hearings into case studies, findings about the impact of abuse. applicants and other witnesses may come SCAI is also to consider the extent to which forward with further relevant evidence and any form of abuse arose from failures in duty such evidence will be taken into account by by those with responsibility for the protection SCAI. of children in care. In particular, SCAI requires SCAI is aware that children were abused to consider whether any abuse arose from in a substantial number of institutions in systemic failures and the extent to which any Scotland and were the subjects of migration such failures have been addressed. It is to programmes which involved an outcome make findings and recommendations for the of abuse. It is not realistic to present every effective protection of children in care now institution and instance of abuse at a public and in the future. hearing; were SCAI to do so, an Inquiry which A copy of SCAI’s ToR is at Appendix A. will of necessity in any event be lengthy would be unduly prolonged. Accordingly, An “applicant” is the term SCAI uses for a with the assistance of SCAI counsel, I will person who tells SCAI that he/she was abused continue to identify particular institutions in circumstances which fall within the ToR. and matters that are representative of the issues being explored by SCAI and thus appropriate for presentation at a public hearing in “case studies.” Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry – Case Study no. 2 v Private sessions Leave to appear Applicants and other witnesses can tell Leave to appear was granted to the following members of the SCAI team about their in relation to this case study, in whole or in experiences as children in care and any other part: relevant evidence at a “private session.” • The Sisters of Nazareth They are supported throughout this process by SCAI’s witness support team. After the • Individual Sisters private session, a statement is prepared • In Care Abuse Survivors (INCAS) covering those matters spoken about which • Archbishop Emeritus Mario Conti are relevant to the ToR. The applicant or other witness is asked to check the statement • Bishops’ Conference of Scotland carefully and to sign it if they are satisfied • Police Scotland that it accurately records their evidence but • The Lord Advocate only if and when they feel ready to do so. • The Scottish Ministers This case study The scope and purpose of this case study was to consider evidence about: • The nature and extent of any relevant abuse at residential child care institutions run by the Sisters of Nazareth (“the Order”) in Scotland, namely the Nazareth Houses in Aberdeen, Cardonald, Lasswade and Kilmarnock, • Any systems, policies and procedures of these institutions, their application and effectiveness, and • Any related matters. vi Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry – Case Study no. 2 Numbers The Order’s contribution The applicants who have provided evidence The Order made a significant contribution to to SCAI in relation to their time in Nazareth childcare in Scotland over many decades as Houses do not represent every person who the table below illustrates. has made a complaint over the years relating to their experiences in those establishments. Number of children 14,7661 It must also be appreciated that many accommodated by the Order in applicants have described, not only what Scotland between 1862 and 1985 happened to them but also the treatment Number of children 6,1202 they witnessed being afforded to other accommodated in Aberdeen children. The tables at Appendices B and between 1862 and 1983 D set out, in relation to the four Nazareth Number of children 3,8953 Houses in Scotland, the number of: accommodated in Cardonald • children who appear to have been cared between 1902 and 1985 for by the Order at these establishments, Number of children 2,6964 • the number of complaints of alleged accommodated in Lasswade abuse received by the Order, between 1931 and 1984 • the number of civil actions raised against Number of children 2,0555 the Order, and accommodated in Kilmarnock • the number of relevant SCAI applicants to between 1891 and 1981 the date set out in Appendix B. Applicants and other witnesses have come forward to SCAI with relevant evidence both during and following the evidential hearings into the case study. That further evidence is not dealt with in these findings but will be considered by SCAI as part of a continuing process. 1 See Part A response to section 21 notice relating to the Order: NAZ.001.001.0005 at 0020. 2 See Part A response to section 21 notice relating to Aberdeen: NAZ.001.001.0157 at 0173. 3 See Part A response to section 21 notice relating to Cardonald: NAZ.001.001.0018 at 0034. 4 See Part A response to section 21 notice relating to Lasswade: NAZ.001.001.0040 at 0056. 5 See Part A response to section 21 notice relating to Kilmarnock: NAZ.001.001.0079 at 0095. Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry – Case Study no. 2 vii This case study compared to the findings of SCAI Case Study no.
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