DOCSLIB.ORG

Rediscovery of Sanderia Malayensis and Remarks on Rhopilema Nomadica Record in Pakistan (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rediscovery of Sanderia Malayensis and Remarks on Rhopilema Nomadica Record in Pakistan (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Volume 56(15):171‑175, 2016 REDISCOVERY OF SANDERIA MALAYENSIS AND REMARKS ON RHOPILEMA NOMADICA RECORD IN PAKISTAN (CNIDARIA: SCYPHOZOA) ANDRÉ C. MORANDINI¹³ SHAHNAWAZ GUL² ABSTRACT In this report, we record the rediscovery of Sanderia malayensis in Pakistani waters since the John Murray Expedition (1933‑34) who collected two small specimens off‑Karachi, Pakistan. The specimens were described and we discuss the shape of gastric pouches contour. We also com‑ ment upon the newly recorded Rhopilema nomadica jellyfish from the region, and assume it to be previously recorded as Rhopilema hispidum. Key-Words: Scyphomedusae; Sanderia; Rhopilema; Karachi; Northern Arabian Sea. INTRODUCTION than 5% of the total biodiversity of the class Scypho- zoa (estimated in ~200 species by Daly et al., 2007). Sanderia Goette, 1886 is a genus of scyphozoan Out of these records, the only ones of the family Pela- jellyfishes that includes two species: Sanderia malay‑ giidae Gegenbaur, 1856 are: Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål, ensis Goette, 1886 and S. pampinosus Gershwin & 1775) and Sanderia malayensis Goette, 1886 (Stiasny, Zeidler, 2008. Members of the genus are character- 1937; Gul & Morandini, 2013); interestingly the last ized by having 32 marginal lappets, 16 tentacles alter- report of S. malayensis was documented 79 years ago nating with 16 rhopalia, 32 radial stomach pouches by Stiasny (1937). Our goal is to document a new (all alike) and exumbrella presenting numerous nema- record of the species in Pakistani waters. In addition, tocyst warts (Kramp, 1961:330). Sanderia malayensis we also provided comments on the recently recorded occurs in Indo-Pacific waters, while S. pampinosus is Rhopilema nomadica Galil, 1990 (Tahera & Kazmi, restricted to northwestern Australia (Kramp, 1961; 2015) from Pakistan and consider it to be erroneously Gershwin & Zeidler, 2008). identified Rhopilema hispidum jellyfish previously re- The knowledge of scyphomedusae from Paki- corded from this area (Gul & Morandini, 2015). stan is growing in the last years with several new re- cords being reported (Gul & Morandini, 2013, 2015; Gul et al., 2014, 2015a, b), and added to the cnidar- MATERIALS & METHODS ian fauna (Gul et al., 2015c). To date, there are nine scyphozoan jellyfishes recorded from Pakistani waters On 26 February 2015, 37 specimens of pelagiid (Gul et al., 2015b), a number that corresponds to less scyphomedusa were collected as by-catch during sev- 1. Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia. Rua do Matão, travessa 14, nº 101, Butantã, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2. Jamia Millia Government Degree College, Malir, Karachi, Pakistan. 3. E-mail and correspondence author: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2016.56.15 172 Morandini, A.C. & Gul, S.: SANDERIA and RHOPILEMA jellyfishes from Pakistan eral bottom trawlings (30 min, 12-80 m depth) off- nematocysts warts on exumbrellar surface (Fig. 1A); Karachi (24°51’41.264”N, 67°0’35.779”E), Pakistan, some specimens with violet pigments. Tentacles 16, northern Arabian Sea. All specimens were photo- up to 29 cm long, ribbon-like, alternating with 16 graphed, examined and then preserved in 4% form- rhopalia. Oral arms up to 16 cm long, bearing violet aldehyde solution. The specimens were studied in shade pronounced on edges. Gastric pouches contour detail and deposited in the Museum of Department horseshoe to heart-shaped; bordered externally by up of Zoology, Jamia Millia Government Degree College to 35-40 long, light violet, finger-like gonadal papil- (JMGDC MDZ), Malir, Karachi, Pakistan. Identifi- lae (Fig. 1B). cation of the specimens followed Kramp (1961). The specimens were compared to the holotype held at the Museum für Naturkunde (ZMB), Berlin Remarks on Sanderia species (Germany), and also to young medusae reared in the laboratory from Japanese polyp cultures. Sanderia malayensis Goette, 1886 was original- ly described from Singapore, Malayan Archipelago (Goette, 1886); later it was reported from several RESULTS AND DISCUSSION places like Japan (as Neopelagia eximia Kishinouye, 1910), Philippines and Suez Canal (Kramp, 1961). Systematics Stiasny (1937) reported the species from northern Class Scyphozoa Goette, 1887 Arabian Sea (off-Karachi along Pakistani coast and Subclass Discomedusae Haeckel, 1880 Gulf of Oman), and Gulf of Aden. Two small speci- Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz, 1862 mens (1 and 1.5 cm bell diameter) wrongly stated as Family Pelagiidae Gegenbaur, 1856 in Pelagia-stage were collected off-Karachi on 8 No- Genus Sanderia Goette, 1886 vember 1933 during the John Murray Expedition Sanderia malayensis Goette, 1886 (1933-34). According to Kramp (1961:331) the spe- (Figs. 1, 2) cies has heart-shaped gastric pouches each bordered externally by about 24-30 finger-like gonadal papil- Comparison material lae; but our specimens although agreeing with the description of the species, have more papillae (35-40) Holotype ZMB 2622; Singapore, 23 April 1884; than stated, and the shape of the gastric pouches vary 1 specimen sex undetermined, but gonads present; slightly. Vanhöffen (1902:38) while observing speci- 2 cm bell diameter (original description mentions mens from the Gulf of Aden mentioned the number 2.5 cm). ZMB 2621; Singapore, no date specified; of gonadal papillae to be 24, tentacles compressed lat- 1 specimen sex undetermined, but gonads present; erally and nematocysts concentrated on the outer por- 2.5 cm bell diameter. Unnumbered specimens (private tion of tentacles. Browne (1926:110-112) observed collection of first author): 3 immature specimens reared specimens collected at the Suez Canal area ranging in laboratory from polyp cultures (1, 1.5, and 1.7 cm from 1.2-3.5 cm bell diameter and having variation bell diameter), strobilation occurred on 27 March in rhopalia number. Stiasny (1937:226) however, was 2013, preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution on 26 not correct while identifying Pelagia-stage specimens April 2013; 2 immature specimens reared in laboratory of Sanderia from off-Karachi, Pakistan. Such speci- from polyp cultures (1.4 and 1.6 cm bell diameter), mens must correspond to a Pelagia species, based on strobilation occurred on 29 September 2014, preserved the information about the life cycle of Sanderia ma‑ in 4% formaldehyde solution on 05 November 2014. layensis (Uchida & Sugiura, 1975, 1978) and our own observations that Sanderia ephyrae are released with Pakistani specimens already 16 rhopalia and 32 lappets. For other speci- mens observed by Stiasny (1937:225-227), the author JMGDC MDZ CN 23; off-Karachi, 26 Febru- did not mention the number of gonadal papillae, but ary 2015; 37 specimens, sex undetermined, but go- if we focus on his pl. 1, fig. 1, the two specimens are nads present; 5.5-13.5 cm bell diameter. showing to have approximately 40 papillae on each gastric pouch, similar to our observations. Description of Pakistani specimens Sanderia malayensis has only one congener, S. pampinosus, which bears horseshoe-shaped gastric Medium sized pelagiid scyphomedusae of sau- pouches with 34-44 gonadal papillae (Gershwin & cer-shaped, transparent umbrella with prominent Zeidler, 2008). For the authors, these are the main Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 56(15), 2016 173 FIGURE 1: Freshly collected specimen of Sanderia malayensis Goette, 1886 from Pakistani coast, off-Karachi. Bell diameter 11 cm: (A) Ex- umbrellar view showing transparent umbrella with numerous nematocyst warts, (B) Subumbrellar view showing gastric pouches in close- up, note the heart-shape contour of gastric pouches. features that distinguish both species. However, by (Gul & Morandini, 2015). From these five species, inspection of the holotype specimen (ZMB 2622, only two have rough exumbrellar surface: (1) Rho‑ Fig. 2A) it is possible to observe that the contour of the pilema hispidum, with two kinds of warts: a) min- gastric pouch is variable and the gonadal papillae are ute, blunt, colourless, and b) tiny, conical, pointed, thicker than in other specimens. Additionally, another reddish-brown warts (pronounced on marginal area); specimen observed by Goette (ZMB 2621, Fig. 2B) (2) Rhopilema nomadica, with only minute, blunt and in young specimens of S. malayensis we cultivated warts (“blunt tuberculation”, Galil et al., 1990:103) in the laboratory of the first author (Fig. 2C-D), it (Omori & Kitamura, 2004; Kitamura & Omori, is possible to state that the gastric pouch contour is 2010; Gul & Morandini, 2015). Recently, Tahera & horseshoe-shaped while, horseshoe to heart-shaped Kazmi (2015, Figs. 1-3) surprisingly reported R. no‑ with 35-40 gonadal papillae in the Pakistani speci- madica from Keti Bundar, Pakistan with rough exum- mens (Fig. 1C-D). These observations raise the ques- brellar surface bearing minute, blunt tuberculation tion whether, the shape of the gastric pouch can pass and warts. However, the Rhopilema jellyfish in their through developmental changes during growth and figures is clearly showing presence of minute reddish- that we might be dealing with a single species of the brown warts on marginal area of umbrella, which are genus with a wider distributional area. Our sugges- however, characteristic only of R. hispidum. Moreover, tions, to solve this issue, are to cultivate this jellyfish the authors mentioned the presence of vermicular fila- species to maturity and perform comparative molecu- ments terminal to the mouth arms in their specimens lar studies with specimens from different areas. though, not visible in the figures.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service V.55
    CHAPTER VIII SPONGES, COELENTERATES, AND CTENOPHORES Blank page retained for pagination THE PORIFERA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO 1 By J. Q. TIERNEY. Marine Laboratory, University of Miami Sponges are one of the dominant sessile inverte­ groups. The. floor of the Gulf between the bars brate groups in the Gulf of Mexico: they extend is sparsely populated. The majority of the ani­ from the intertidal zone down to the deepest mals and plants are concentrated on the rocky Parts of the basin, and almost all of the firm or ledges and outcroppings. rocky sections of the bottom provide attachment The most abundant sponges on these reefs are for them. of several genera representing most of the orders Members of the class Hyalospongea. (Hexacti­ of the class Demospongea. Several species of nellidea) are, almost without exception, limited to Ircinia are quite common as are Verongia, Sphecio­ the deeper waters of the Gulf beyond the 100­ spongia, and several Axinellid and Ancorinid fathom curve. These sponges possess siliceous sponges; Cliona is very abundant, boring into spicules in which (typically) six rays radiate from molluscan shells, coral, and the rock itself. The II. central point; frequently, the spicules are fused sponge population is rich both in variety and in ~gether forming a basket-like skeleton. Spongin number of individuals; for this reason no attempt 18 never present in this group. is made to discuss it in taxonomic detail in this In contrast to the Hyalospongea, representa­ r~sum~. ti\Tes of the clasa Calcispongea are seldom, if Some of the sponges of the Gulf are of world­ ~\Ter, found in deep water.
    [Show full text]
  • Cobia Database Articles Final Revision 2.0, 2-1-2017
    Revision 2.0 (2/1/2017) University of Miami Article TITLE DESCRIPTION AUTHORS SOURCE YEAR TOPICS Number Habitat 1 Gasterosteus canadus Linné [Latin] [No Abstract Available - First known description of cobia morphology in Carolina habitat by D. Garden.] Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturæ, ed. 12, vol. 1, 491 1766 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) Ichthyologie, vol. 10, Iconibus ex 2 Scomber niger Bloch [No Abstract Available - Description and alternative nomenclature of cobia.] Bloch, M. E. 1793 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) illustratum. Berlin. p . 48 The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the Under this head was to be carried on the study of the useful aquatic animals and plants of the country, as well as of seals, whales, tmtles, fishes, lobsters, crabs, oysters, clams, etc., sponges, and marine plants aml inorganic products of U.S. Commission on Fisheries, Washington, 3 United States. Section 1: Natural history of Goode, G.B. 1884 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) the sea with reference to (A) geographical distribution, (B) size, (C) abundance, (D) migrations and movements, (E) food and rate of growth, (F) mode of reproduction, (G) economic value and uses. D.C., 895 p. useful aquatic animals Notes on the occurrence of a young crab- Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 4 eater (Elecate canada), from the lower [No Abstract Available - A description of cobia in the lower Hudson Eiver.] Fisher, A.K. 1891 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) 13, 195 Hudson Valley, New York The nomenclature of Rachicentron or Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum Habitat 5 Elacate, a genus of acanthopterygian The universally accepted name Elucate must unfortunately be supplanted by one entirely unknown to fame, overlooked by all naturalists, and found in no nomenclator.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Analysis of the Venom of Jellyfishes Rhopilema Esculentum and Sanderia Malayensis
    marine drugs Article Proteomic Analysis of the Venom of Jellyfishes Rhopilema esculentum and Sanderia malayensis 1, 2, 2 2, Thomas C. N. Leung y , Zhe Qu y , Wenyan Nong , Jerome H. L. Hui * and Sai Ming Ngai 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; [email protected] 2 Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; [email protected] (Z.Q.); [email protected] (W.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.H.L.H.); [email protected] (S.M.N.) Contributed equally. y Received: 27 November 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020; Published: 18 December 2020 Abstract: Venomics, the study of biological venoms, could potentially provide a new source of therapeutic compounds, yet information on the venoms from marine organisms, including cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish), is limited. This study identified the putative toxins of two species of jellyfish—edible jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891, also known as flame jellyfish, and Amuska jellyfish Sanderia malayensis Goette, 1886. Utilizing nano-flow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nLC–MS/MS), 3000 proteins were identified from the nematocysts in each of the above two jellyfish species. Forty and fifty-one putative toxins were identified in R. esculentum and S. malayensis, respectively, which were further classified into eight toxin families according to their predicted functions. Amongst the identified putative toxins, hemostasis-impairing toxins and proteases were found to be the most dominant members (>60%).
    [Show full text]
  • Title the SYSTEMATIC POSITION of the STAUROMEDUSAE Author(S
    THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE Title STAUROMEDUSAE Author(s) Uchida, Tohru PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1973), 20: 133-139 Issue Date 1973-12-19 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175784 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE STAUROMEDUSAE ToHRU UCHIDA Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo With 2 Text-figures The Stauromedusae have hitherto been referred together with the Cubomedusae to the subclass Scyphostomidae in the Scyphomedusae. Recently, however, the life cycle of the cubomedusa, Tripedalia cystophora became clear by WERNER, CuTRESS and STUDEBACKER (1971) and it was established that the Cubomedusae only stand in a quite separate position from other orders of Scyphomedusae. On the other hand, WERNER who published several papers on the Scyphozoan polyp, Stephanoscyphus (1966-1971) laid stress on the fact that Stephanoscyphus can be linked directly with the extinct fossil group of the Conulata and concluded that the Coronatae represent the most basic group of all living Scyphomedusae with the exception of Cubomedusae. Such being the case, the systematic position of the Stauromedusae remains proble­ matical. The present writer is of the opinion that the Stauromedusae are to be entitled to the Ephyridae and are closely related to the Discomedusae, though there occurs no strobilation in the order. The body of Stauromedusae is composed of two parts; the upper octomerous medusan part and the lower tetramerous scyphistoma portion. No strobilation and no ephyra. Throughout their life history, they lack pelagic life entirely; an egg develops to the solid blastula, which becomes to the planula.
    [Show full text]
  • Scyphomedusae of the North Atlantic (2)
    FICHES D’IDENTIFICATION DU ZOOPLANCTON Edittes par J. H. F-RASER Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland FICHE NO. 158 SCYPHOMEDUSAE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC (2) Families : Pelagiidae Cyaneidae Ulmaridae Rhizostomatidae by F. S. Russell Marine Biological Association The Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, Devon PL1 2 PB, England (This publication may be referred to in the following form: Russell, F. S. 1978. Scyphomedusae of the North Atlantic (2) Fich. Ident. Zooplancton 158: 4 pp.) https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5144 Conseil International pour 1’Exploration de la Mer Charlottenlund Slot, DK-2920 Charlottenlund Danemark MA1 1978 2 1 2 3' 4 6 5 Figures 1-6: 1. Pelagia noctiluca; 2. Chtysaora hysoscella; 3. Cyanea capillata; 3'. circular muscle; 4. Cyanea lamarckii - circular muscle; 5. Aurelia aurita; 6. Rhizostoma octopus. 3 Order S E M AE 0 ST0 M E AE Gastrovascular sinus divided by radial septa into separate rhopalar and tentacular pouches; without ring-canal. Family Pelagiidae Rhopalar and tentacular pouches simple and unbranched. Genus Pelagia PCron & Lesueur Pelagiidae with eight marginal tentacles alternating with eight marginal sense organs. 1. Pelugiu nocfilucu (ForskB1). Exumbrella with medium-sized warts of various shapes; marginal tentacles with longitudinal muscle furrows embedded in mesogloea; up to 100 mm in diameter. Genus Chrysaora Ptron & Lesueur Pelagiidae with groups of three or more marginal tentacles alternating with eight marginal sense organs. 2. Chrysuoru hysoscellu (L.). Exumbrella typically with 16 V-shaped radial brown markings with varying degrees of pigmentation between them; with dark brown apical circle or spot; with brown marginal lappets; 24 marginal tentacles in groups of three alternating with eight marginal sense organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomad Jellyfish Rhopilema Nomadica Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell
    molecules Article Nomad Jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells Mohamed M. Tawfik 1,* , Nourhan Eissa 1 , Fayez Althobaiti 2, Eman Fayad 2,* and Ali H. Abu Almaaty 1 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt; [email protected] (N.E.); [email protected] (A.H.A.A.) 2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: tawfi[email protected] (M.M.T.); [email protected] (E.F.) Abstract: Jellyfish venom is a rich source of bioactive proteins and peptides with various biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor effects. However, the anti-proliferative activity of the crude extract of Rhopilema nomadica jellyfish venom has not been examined yet. The present study aimed at the investigation of the in vitro effect of R. nomadica venom on liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231), human normal fibroblast (HFB4), and human normal lung cells (WI-38) proliferation by using MTT assay. The apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells was investigated using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining-based flow cytometry analysis, western blot analysis, and DNA fragmentation assays. R. nomadica venom displayed significant Citation: Tawfik, M.M.; Eissa, N.; dose-dependent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells after 48 h of treatment with IC50 value of 50 µg/mL Althobaiti, F.; Fayad, E.; Abu Almaaty, and higher toxicity (3:5-fold change) against MDA-MB231, HFB4, and WI-38 cells.
    [Show full text]
  • An Alien Jellyfish Rhopilema Nomadica and Its Impacts to the Eastern
    J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment Vol. 16(2): 149- 156 (2010) An alien jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica and its impacts to the Eastern Mediterranean part of Turkey Yabancı denizanası Rhopilema nomadica ve Türkiye’nin doğu Akdeniz sahillerine etkileri Bayram Öztürk* and Melek İşinibilir *Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Abstract An alien scyphomedusa Rhopilema nomadica human health, tourism and fisheries Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The painful stings of jellyfish may pose a danger to holiday makers. A monitoring programme is recommended for the impacts on tourism, human health and fisheries to mitigate of the effect of this jellyfish. Keywords: Rhopilema nomadica, Mediterranean coast of Turkey, invasive species. Introduction In recent years, more alien jellyfish species has been observed in several coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. The highly invasive species Mnemiopsis leidyi is probably the best known of the world. Following its accidental introduction to the Black Sea in the 1980’s, M.leidyi has spread to the Marmara Sea, Caspian, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic and North Seas (Shiganova et al. 2001, Isinibilir et al. 2002, Isinibilir et al. 2004, Faasse and Bayha 2006, Javidpour et al. 2006, Shiganova and Malej 2009). *Corresponding author: [email protected] 149 A large and stinging jellyfish species, Rhopilema nomadica, entered through the Suez Canal in the 1970s (Galil et al. 1990). Although it is assumed to have arrived via the Suez Canal, R.nomadica is rare in the red Sea and is not known from elsewhere (Mills 2001). Galil et al. (2009) also found the tropical scyphomedusan Phyllorhiza punctata, already recorded from the eastern Mediterranean in the past, but absent for many years.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Jellyfish Populations: Trends in Large Marine Ecosystems
    CHANGING JELLYFISH POPULATIONS: TRENDS IN LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS by Lucas Brotz B.Sc., The University of British Columbia, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Oceanography) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) October 2011 © Lucas Brotz, 2011 Abstract Although there are various indications and claims that jellyfish have been increasing at a global scale in recent decades, a rigorous demonstration to this effect has never been presented. As this is mainly due to scarcity of quantitative time series of jellyfish abundance from scientific surveys, an attempt is presented here to complement such data with non- conventional information from other sources. This was accomplished using the analytical framework of fuzzy logic, which allows the combination of information with variable degrees of cardinality, reliability, and temporal and spatial coverage. Data were aggregated and analysed at the scale of Large Marine Ecosystem (LME). Of the 66 LMEs defined thus far, which cover the world’s coastal waters and seas, trends of jellyfish abundance (increasing, decreasing, or stable/variable) were identified (occurring after 1950) for 45, with variable degrees of confidence. Of these 45 LMEs, the overwhelming majority (31 or 69%) showed increasing trends. Recent evidence also suggests that the observed increases in jellyfish populations may be due to the effects of human activities, such as overfishing, global warming, pollution, and coastal development. Changing jellyfish populations were tested for links with anthropogenic impacts at the LME scale, using a variety of indicators and a generalized additive model. Significant correlations were found with several indicators of ecosystem health, as well as marine aquaculture production, suggesting that the observed increases in jellyfish populations are indeed due to human activities and the continued degradation of the marine environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Cnidaria: Cubozoa and Scyphozoa) from the Coast of Rio Grande Do Norte State, Northeast of Brazil
    Check List 5(1): 133–138, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Neritic Jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa and Scyphozoa) from the coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeast of Brazil Marcelo de Oliveira Soares 1, 4 André Carrara Morandini 2 Helena Matthews-Cascon 3 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia. CEP 91509-900. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé. Caixa Postal 119331. CEP 27910-970. Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Biologia. CEP 60451-970. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. 4. Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Departamento de Ciências Naturais e Arqueologia. CEP 64049-550. Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Abstract For the entire Brazilian coast, there are 22 published records of scyphozoans. On the other hand, only 35 species of cubozoans were described worldwide, four of them reported for the Brazilian coast. However, little is known about the species of cubozoans and scyphozoans in the Northeastern states of Brazil. The aim of this study was to perform a survey of the jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa and Scyphozoa) on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeast of Brazil. Specimens were collected using trawl net on beaches in the counties of Natal (in 2003) and Tibaú (in 2004). For the Rio Grande do Norte coast there were few records of large jellyfish, and new records of the following cubozoan and scyphozoan species were verified: Chiropsalmus quadrumanus; Chrysaora lactea; Lychnorhiza lucerna and Stomolophus meleagris.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulse Perturbations from Bacterial Decomposition of Chrysaora Quinquecirrha (Scyphozoa: Pelagiidae)
    Hydrobiologia DOI 10.1007/s10750-012-1042-z JELLYFISH BLOOMS Pulse perturbations from bacterial decomposition of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Scyphozoa: Pelagiidae) Jessica R. Frost • Charles A. Jacoby • Thomas K. Frazer • Andrew R. Zimmerman Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract Bacteria decomposed damaged and mor- become dominant, and cocci reproduced at a rate that ibund Chrysaora quinquecirrha Desor, 1848 releasing was 30% slower. These results, and those from a pulse of carbon and nutrients. Tissue decomposed in previous studies, suggested that natural assemblages 5–8 days, with 14 g of wet biomass exhibiting a half- may include bacteria that decompose medusae, as well life of 3 days at 22°C, which is 39 longer than as bacteria that benefit from the subsequent release of previous reports. Decomposition raised mean concen- carbon and nutrients. This experiment also indicated trations of organic carbon and nutrients above controls that proteins and other nitrogenous compounds are less by 1–2 orders of magnitude. An increase in nitrogen labile in damaged medusae than in dead or homoge- (16,117 lgl-1) occurred 24 h after increases in nized individuals. Overall, dense patches of decom- phosphorus (1,365 lgl-1) and organic carbon posing medusae represent an important, but poorly (25 mg l-1). Cocci dominated control incubations, documented, component of the trophic shunt that with no significant increase in numbers. In incubations diverts carbon and nutrients incorporated by gelati- of tissue, bacilli increased exponentially after 6 h to nous zooplankton into microbial trophic webs. Keywords Jellyfish Á Scyphomedusae Á Bacterial Guest editors: J. E.
    [Show full text]
  • Pelagia Benovici Sp. Nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a New Jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea
    Zootaxa 3794 (3): 455–468 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3DBA821B-D43C-43E3-9E5D-8060AC2150C7 Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a new jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea STEFANO PIRAINO1,2,5, GIORGIO AGLIERI1,2,5, LUIS MARTELL1, CARLOTTA MAZZOLDI3, VALENTINA MELLI3, GIACOMO MILISENDA1,2, SIMONETTA SCORRANO1,2 & FERDINANDO BOERO1, 2, 4 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy 2CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma 3Dipartimento di Biologia e Stazione Idrobiologica Umberto D’Ancona, Chioggia, Università di Padova. 4 CNR – Istituto di Scienze Marine, Genova 5Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract A bloom of an unknown semaestome jellyfish species was recorded in the North Adriatic Sea from September 2013 to early 2014. Morphological analysis of several specimens showed distinct differences from other known semaestome spe- cies in the Mediterranean Sea and unquestionably identified them as belonging to a new pelagiid species within genus Pelagia. The new species is morphologically distinct from P. noctiluca, currently the only recognized valid species in the genus, and from other doubtful Pelagia species recorded from other areas of the world. Molecular analyses of mitochon- drial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA genes corroborate its specific distinction from P. noctiluca and other pelagiid taxa, supporting the monophyly of Pelagiidae. Thus, we describe Pelagia benovici sp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lesser-Known Medusa Drymonema Dalmatinum Haeckel 1880 (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae) in the Adriatic Sea
    ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 24 · 2014 · 2 Original scientifi c article UDK 593.73:591.9(262.3) Received: 2014-10-20 THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 (SCYPHOZOA, DISCOMEDUSAE) IN THE ADRIATIC SEA Alenka MALEJ & Martin VODOPIVEC Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, SI-6330 Piran, Fornače 41, Slovenia E-mail: [email protected] Davor LUČIĆ & Ivona ONOFRI Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, POB 83, HR-20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia Branka PESTORIĆ Institute for Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, POB 69, ME-85330 Kotor, Montenegro ABSTRACT Authors report historical and recent records of the little-known medusa Drymonema dalmatinum in the Adriatic Sea. This large scyphomedusa, which may develop a bell diameter of more than 1 m, was fi rst described in 1880 by Haeckel based on four specimens collected near the Dalmatian island Hvar. The paucity of this species records since its description confi rms its rarity, however, in the last 15 years sightings of D. dalmatinum have been more frequent. Key words: scyphomedusa, Drymonema dalmatinum, historical occurrence, recent observations, Mediterranean Sea LA POCO NOTA MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 (SCYPHOZOA, DISCOMEDUSAE) NEL MARE ADRIATICO SINTESI Gli autori riportano segnalazioni storiche e recenti della poco conosciuta medusa Drymonema dalmatinum nel mare Adriatico. Questa grande scifomedusa, che può sviluppare un cappello di diametro di oltre 1 m, è stata descrit- ta per la prima volta nel 1880 da Haeckel, in base a quattro esemplari catturati vicino all’isola di Lèsina (Hvar) in Dalmazia. La scarsità delle segnalazioni di questa specie dalla sua prima descrizione conferma la sua rarità.
    [Show full text]