Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 66 / Thursday, April 5, 1990 / Rules and Regulations 12793

Flowering occurs from June through metarkoses containing feldspar and September, with fruiting from August chlorite, amphibole, hornblende, and through October.The fruit is a feldspar gneiss (Massey et a!. 1980). hemispheric aggregate of hirsute Common associates of these two species achenes, 7 to 9 millimeters in diameter include Lelophyllum buxifolium, (Kral 1983, Radford et a!. 1968, Massey Menziesia pilosa, Rhododendron et a). 1980). This species can be easily catowbiense, spp., Carex spp., 50 CFR Part 17 distinguished from other Southeastern Solidago spp., , Geums by its large yellow flowers and Saxifrczga michauxll, and various grass fIN 1018-A031 by its leaves (mostly basal), which have species. Some of the sites are also Endangered and Threatened Wildlife large terminal lobes and small laterals occupied by Liatris helleri and/or and ; Determination of (Massey et a). 1980). Ceum radiatum has , species that are Endangered Status forGeum radlatum been placed inother genera by various already federally listed as threatened. and Hedyotis purpureavar. montana workers; Robert Brown (1623) placed it The high elevation coniferous forests in the genus Sieversia;Bolle (1933) adjacent to the rock outcrops and cliffs AQENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, placed it in the genus Acomastylis: and occupied by these two species are Interior. Hara (1935) placed it in Parageum. dominated by red spruce () ACTION; Final rule. Currently accepted taxonomic treatment and another Federal candidate species, places this species in the genus of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri] (Masseyet a!. SUMMARY: The Service lists two plants, Michaux’s original description (Raynor 1980, Morgan 1980, Kral 1983). radiatum. (spreading avens) and 1952, Robertson 1974). Sixteen populations of Geurn Hedyotispurpurea var. montana (Roan Hedyotispurpurea (L.) T. & C. var. radiatum have been reported Mountain bluet), as endangered species montana (Small) Fosberg was first historically; 11 remain in existence. under authority of the Endangered described as Houstonia montana in 1903 Three of these populations are inAshe Species Act of1973, as amended (Act). by J. K. Small from specimens collected County, North Carolina, with one These perennial herbs, limited to 11 by J. W. Chickering, Jr., in 1877 from the population each remaining inAvery, Geumpopulations and 8 1-Jedyotis summit ofRoan Mountainin North Transylvania, Watauga, Buncombe, and populations in North Carolina and Carolina and Tennessee. Another Yancey Counties, North Carolina, and Tennessee, are endangered by synonym is Houstonia purpurea L. var. Sevier County, Tennessee; the other two residential and recreational montana (Small) (Terrell 1959, Terrell populations are located on theMitchell developn~ent,habitat disturbance due to 1978). This species is a shallow-rooted County, North Carolina/Carter County, heavy use by hikers and climbers, perennial that forms low-growing, loose Tennessee line and theAvery! Watauga collection,and naturalsuccession. This tufts 1 to 1.5 decimeters tall. The County line in North Carolina. Six of the action implements Federal protection inflorescence is a subsessile few- remaining populations are located on provided by the Act for Geum rodiatum flowered cyme. The brightpurple privately owned lands; four are located and Hedyotis purpurea var. montana flowers appear inJuly and earlyAugust. followed by the many-seeded capsule on public land administered by the U,S. EFFECTIVE DATE: May 7, 1990. Forest Service and the National Park ADDRESSES: The complete file for this (Kral 1983, Radford et ci. 1968). H. Service, and one is locatedon State park rule is available for inspection, by purpurea var. montana is distinguished land administered by the North Carolina appointment, during normal business from H. p. var. pw’purea by its larger corolla size, different corolla color (deep Department of Environment, Health, and hours at the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Natural Resources. Five additional Service, 100 Otis Street,Room 224, purple as opposed to purplishto white populations were historically known for Asheville, North Carolina 28801. in H. p. var.purpw’ea), and its larger this species. The reasons for the seed size (Kral 1963, Terrell 1978). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: These two species are endemicto a disappearance of Ceum radiatum at NoraMurdock at the above address few scattered mountaintops in western these sites are undocumented. However, (704/259—0321 or FTS 672—0321). North Carolina and eastern Tennessee most of the sites have been subjected to SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: where they grow, exposed to full heavyrecreational use by hikers, sunlight, in the shallow acidic soils of climbers, and sightseers. Background high elevation cliffs, outcrops, steep Hedyotispw’purea var. montana was Geum radiatum, described by André slopes, and gravelly talus associated known historically from seven Michaux (1803) from material collected with cliffs. Substrate types are variable populations; six remain. Two of these in North Carolina, is a perennial herb for the species but include various are located on the line between Avery with basal rosettes of leaves arising igneous, metamorphic, and and Watauga Counties, North Carolina; from horizontal . The stems metasedimentary rocks such as quartz one is at the juncture of the boundaries grow 2 to 5 decimeters tall and are diorite, garnet-rich biotite, muscovite of Mitchell and Avery Counties, North topped with an indefinite cyme of bright and quartz schist, quartz phyllite, Carolina, and CarterCounty, Tennessee; yellow actinomorphic flowers. metagraywacke, metaconglomerate, and two are in Ashe County, North Carolina; 12794 Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 66 / Thursday, April 5, 1990 / Rules and Regulations and one population remains in Watauga report, designated as House Document submitted on that date. This was the County. North Carolina. The seventh No. 94—51, was presented toCongress on case for Ceum radiatum because of the populationwas reported from Yancey January 9, 1975. The Service published a acceptance of the 1975 Smithsonian County. North Carolina, but has not notice in the July 1, 1975, Federal Report as a petition. In October of 1963, been found there during recent searches Register (40 FR 27832) of its acceptance 1984, 1985, 1986, 1957, and 1988, the (Paul Somers, personal communication, of the report ofthe Smithsonian Servicefound that the petitioned listing Tennessee Department of Conservation, Institution as a petition within the of Geum radiatum was warranted but 1988; Alan Weakley, personal context of section 4(c)(2) (now section precluded by listing actions of a higher communication, North Carolina Natural 4(b)(3)) of the Act and of its intention priority and that additional data on Heritage Program). That site, like those thereby to review the status of the vulnerability and threatswere still being from which Geum radiatum has taxa named within. Geum radiatum was gathered. On July 21, 1989, the Service vanished, has also been subjected to included in the July 1, 1975, notice of published a proposal to list the species relatively heavy recreational use, review, On December 15, 1980, the as endangered. Publication of that rule The continued existence of both Servicepublished a revisednotice of constituted the final finding that is species is threatened by trampling and review for native plantsin the Federal required. associated soil erosion and compaction, Register (45 FR 82480); Ceum radiatum Summary of Comments and other forms of habitat disturbance due was included in that notice as a Recommendations to heavy use of the habitat by category I species; Hedyotispurpw’ea recreationists such as hikers, as well as var. montana was included as a In the July 21, 1989, proposed rule and by development for commercial category 2 species. Category I species associated notifications, all interested recreational facilities and residential are those species for which the Service parties were requested to submit factual purposes. Since both species are early currently has on file substantial reports or information that might successional pioneers, some of the information on biological vulnerability contribute to the development of a final populations are.also threatened by and threats to support proposing to list rule. Appropriate State agencies, county natural succession (Masseyet ai. 1980, them as endangered or threatened governments, Federal agencies, Kral 1983). Construction of new trails, species. Category 2 species are those for scientific organizations, and other other recreational improvements, which listing as endangered or interested partieswere contacted and significant increases in intensity of threatened may be warranted but for requested to comments. Newspaper recreational use, or intensive which substantial data on biological notices inviting public comment were development without regard to the vulnerability and threats is not currently published in the Asheville Citizen- welfare of these species at any of the known or on file tosupport proposed Times (Asheville, North Carolina) on sites could further jeopardize their rules. August 27, 1959; Watauga Democrat continued existence. Most of the On November 28, 1983, the Service (Boone, North Carolina) on August 25, populations occupy a very small total published a supplement to the notice of 1989; Transylvania Times (Brevard. area. Seven of the remaining Geuzn review for native plants inthe Federal North Carolina) on August 28, 1989; radiatum populations have fewer than Register (46 FR 53640); the plant notice YanceyJournai (Burnaville, North 50 plantsremaining in each, with 3 of was again revised September 27, 1985, Carolina) on August 30, 1969; Avery these having fewer than 10 plantseach. (50 FR 39536). Geum radiatum was Journal (Newland, North Carolina) on Overthe past decade, at least four of the included as a category 2 species in both August 31, 1989: Mountain Press currently extant Geum radiatum the 1983 supplement and the 1985 (Sevierville, Tennessee) on August 26, populations have undergone significant revisednotice. Hedyotispurpurea var, 1989; Elizabethton Star (Elizabethton, population declines (ranging from 67 montana was included in the 1985 notice Tennessee) on August27, 1989; and percent to 96 percent); four others have as a category 2 species. Subsequent to Jefferson Post (WestJefferson, North suffered declines of lesser magnitude. the 1985 notice, the Service received Carolina) on August 28, 1989. Only three are known to have additional information from the North Elevencomments were received. Of maintained relative stability during the Carolina Natural Heritage Program (A. these, nine respondents expressed same period. One of the privately owned Weakley, personal communication, support for the proposal, including the sites for these two species has been 19b8); this information and additional U.S. Forest Service, the National Park developed as a commercial recreation field data gathered by the Heritage Service, the Tennessee Department of facility; development of a second site as Program, the Fish and Wildlife Service, Conservation, the Land-of-Sky Regional a ski resort is currently underway. The and the National Park Service (Keith Council, the North Carolina Department third privately owned site is owned in Langdon, personal communication, of Agriculture’s Plant Conservation part by The Nature Conservancy and is Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Program, the Tennessee Valley therefore partially protected. The 1988; Bambi Teague,personal Authority, and the mayor of Mars Hill, remaining three sitesin private communication, Blue Ridge Parkway, North Carolina. One comment was ownership are unprotected, with 1988) indicate that the addition of Geum received that stated no position on the residential development currently radiatum and Hedyotis purpurea var. proposal. The North Carolina Farm underway at two of the sites. The five montana to the Federal List of Bureau Federation expressed concern sites in public ownership are located in Endangeredand Threatened Plants is that the listing of these two species scenic areas that attract large numbers warranted. without designation of critical habitat of visitors annually. Section 4(b)(3)(B) of the Endangered would result in undue restrictions on the Federal government actions on Geum Species Act, as amended in 1982, use of agricultural pesticides in the radiatum began withsection 12 of the requires the Secretary to make certain State. The Servicebelieves that the EndangeredSpecies Act of 1973, which findings on pending petitions within 12 recent consultation withthe directed the Secretary of the months of their receipt.Section 2(b)(1) of Environmental Protection Agency has Smithsonian Institution to prepare a the 1982 amendments further requires resulted in an effective program for reporton those plants considered tobe that all petitions pending on October 13, protecting endangered species from endangered, threatened, or extinct. This 1982, be treated as having beennewly pesticides without undulyrestricting the Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 66 / Thursday, April 5, 1990 / Rules and Regulations 12795 commercial use of such chemicals. In on private land, are protected onlyso currently a significant component of the addition, neither of the two species in long as concerned and willing commercial trade in native plants; question occurs in areas immediately landowners are able to extend however, bothhave attractive ~rowth adjacent to farmland or commercially necessary safeguards to the species. habits and showy flowers and have managed forests. Critical habitat was As detailed in the “Background” potential for horticultural use. Some not designated for these species (see section, significant declines havebeen collecting tromwildpopulations of “Critical Habitat” section ofthis rule) documented inmany of the extant Geum Geum is already occurring. Publicity because both are exceedingly rare and populations during the past decade. Five could generate an increased demand attractive to collectors; publication of of the remaining 11 Geum populations and intensify collecting pressure on wild site-specific maps could result in the are located on public lands where they populations of both species. further endangerment of these plants, are subjected to heavy recreational use. C. Disease orpredation. These taxa especially at siteswhere only a few One ofthese sites, owned by the U.S. are not known to be threatened by individuals remain. Forest Service, currently supports 73 disease or predation. Summary of Factors Affecting the percent of the remaining individuals of D. The inadequacy ofexisting this species; recreational pressure on regulatory mechanisms. Gezim radiatum Species this already heavily used site is steadily and Hedyotis pizlpurea var. montana are After a thorough review and increasing. Of the six privately owned afforded legal protection in North consideration of all information sites, one has beendeveloped as a Carolina by North Carolina General available, the Service has determined commercial recreation facility that Statute, Chapter 106, Article 19—B. that Geumrodiatum and Hedyotis attracts several hundredthousand 202.12—202.19. which prohibits intrastate purpurea var. montana should be visitors annually. A second site is trade and taking of State-listed plants classifiedas endangered species. currently being developedas a ski without a State permit and written Procedures found at section 4(a)(1) of resort the other four privately owned permissionof the landowner. Geum the EndangeredSpecies Act (16 U.S.C. sites are currently unprotected and radiatum is listed inNorth Carolina as 1531 et seq.) and regulations [50 CFR locatedin an area that is rapidly threatened—special concern (currently part 424) promulgated to implementthe developing as a center for resorts and proposed as endangered—special listing provisions of the Act were tourism. concern); Hedyotis purpurea var. followed. A 8peciesmay be determined The greatest damage to Geum montana is currently being added to the to be an endangered or threatened radiatum and Hedyotis purpurea var. State’s list as endangered. In Tennessee, species due to one or more of the five montana in the past has probably come State-listed plants are afforded legal factors described in section 4(a)(1). from the conunercial development of the protection by the Rare Plant Protection These factors and their application to open mountain summitswhere they and Conservation Act of 1985, Geum radiatum Michaux (spreading occur. The construction of trails, parking Tennessee Code Ann., Chapter 242, avens) and 1-ledyotispurplirea var. lots, roads, buildings, observation section 11—26—201 to 11—26-214, Public montana (Chickering) Fosberg (Roan platforms. suspensionbridges, and other Acts of 1985. This statute prohibits Mountain bluet) are as follows: recreational, residential, and taking oflisted species without A. The present or threatened commercial facilities has taken its toll permission of thelandowner or manager destruction, modification, orcurtailment on the specieseither through the actual and regulatescommercial sale and ofits habitat orrange. Geuzn radiatum construction process or by trampling export. Geumradiatum is listedas and Hedyotis purpurea var. montana are restricted to a few mountaintops and due to hikers and sightseers (Kral1983). endangered inTennessee. State Currently, heavy trampling occurs at six prohibitions against taking are difficult cliff faces inthe southern Appalachians to enforce and do not coveradverse of western North Carolina and eastern of thelocations where these two species are known to survive; however, all of alterations of habitat or unintentional Tennessee (see “Background” section the small habitats occupied by these damage fromrecreational use. The for specific distributions). Although populations are declining and vanishing species are threatened by increasesin Endangered Species Act will provide for reasons that are, in many cases, not intensity of use, particularly if additional protection and clearly understood, destruction and additional development occurs (Massey encouragement of active management et a!. 1980). for Geum radiatum and Hedyotis adverse modification of their habitat purpurea var. montana. particularly on pose a major threat to the remaining With anticipated increasedusage by populations ofboth species.Thirty-one sightseers,rock climbers, and hikers at 8 Federal lands. - percent of the historically known Gewn of the remaining 11 localities where E. Other natural ormanmadeftictars radiatum populations havebeen Geurn radiatum occurs, and at 4 of the 8 affecting its continued existence. These extirpated, along with17 percent of the remaining Hedyotis purpurea var. taxa are rare and vulnerable due to their Hedyotispurpurea var. montana montana localities, significant impacts specialized habitat requirements and the populations. Only Ii populations ofthe on these species in the form of increased limited amount of potential habitat. As Geum and 0 of the Hedyotis remain. soil erosion, soil compaction, and mentioned in the previous sections of The 6 remainingHedyotis populations trampling could occur if protection is not this rule, most of theremaining are small and vulnerable, with two provided. Likewise, additional populations are small in numbers of occupying a total of less than 10 square development at any of the locales (such individuals and in terms of area covered meters. Two of these populations as expansion of trails or sidewalks, by the plants. Therefore, little genetic occupy sites that have been or are being construction of additional visitor variability exists in these species, developed for commercial recreation. A facilities, or residential development) making it more important to maintain as third site, locatedon land administered could further threaten the speciesif much habitat and as many of the by the U.S. Forest Service, contains 41 proper planning does notoccur. remainingcolonies as possible. Gezzm percent of the remaining individuala of B. Overutilization forcommercial, radiatum and Hedyotis purpurea var. this species and is subjected toheavy recreational,scientific, oreducational montana areearly pioneer species and increasinglyintense recreational purposes. Neither Geumrvdiatum nor growing on rockledges in full sun. use.The other threepopulations. located Hedyotispuipurea var. montanais Depending upon the elevation and 12796 Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 66 / Thursday, April 5, 1990 / Rules and Regulations

suitability of the site for supporting Critical Habitat Act provides for possible land woody vegetation, invasion by shrubs Section 4(a)(3) of the Act, as amended, acquisition and cooperation with the and trees canoccur, eliminating these requires that, to the maximumextent States and requires that reóovery species by overcrowding and shading. prudent and determinable, the Secretary actions be carried out for all listed Since this type of succession is a slow designate critical habitat at the time the species. Such actions are initiated by the process, this is not considered an species is determined to be endangered Servicefollowing listing. The protection immediate threat to survival of the or threatened. The Service finds that required of Federal agencies and the species. However, proper management designation of critical habitat is not prohibitions against certain activities planning for Geum radiatum and prudent for Geumradiatum or Hedyotis involving listed plants are discussed, in Hedyotis purpurea var. montana is purpurea var. montana at this time. part, below. needed toaddress this aspect of the Publication of critical habitat Section 7(a) of the Act, as amended, species’ biology. Natural rockslides, descriptions and maps would increase requires Federal agencies to evaluate severe storms or droughts. or other public interest and possibly lead to their actions with respect to any species natural events may also eliminate additional threats for these species from that is proposed or listed as endangered populations of these plants. collecting and vandalism (see threat or threatened and with respect to its In recent years the spruce fir forests factor “B” above). Both species have criticalhabitat, if any is being adjacent to the cliffs and rock outcrops showy flowers and have some potential designated. Regulations implementing occupied by these species have suffered for horticultural use.Increased publicity this interagency cooperation provision dramatic declinesdue, at least in part, and a provision of specific location of the Act are codified at 50 CFR part to airborne pollution and the impacts of information associated withcritical 402. Section 7(a)(2) requires Federal an exotic insect,the balsam wooly habitat designation could result in agencies to insure that activities they aphid.The impacts of this forest decline increased collecting from wild authorize, fund, or carry out are not on these two rare herbaceous species populations 8ince neither species is likely to jeopardize the continued cannot be accurately assessedat this readily available from cultivated existence of a listed species or to time. Even though both species are sources. Although taking of endangered destroy or adversely modify its critical pioneers and require exposure to full plants from lands under Federal habitat. If a Federal action may affect a sunlight, the drastic decline in the high jurisdiction (and from privately owned listedspecies or its critical habitat, the elevation forests may result in excessive lands under certain circumstances (see responsible Federal agency must enter desiccation of the moist sitesoccupied “Available Conservation Measures” into formal consultation with the by Geum and Hedyotis. This theory section)) and reduction to possession is Service. would seem to be supported by the fact prohibited by the Endangered Species The U.S.Forest Service and the that populations of Geum, particularly Act,taking provisions are difficult to National Park Service havejurisdiction those located on drier sites, usually enforce. Publication of critical habitat over portions of the species’ habitat. abort the fruiting stems before seed can descriptions would make Geum Federalactivities that could impact be set. The rhizomes of these perennials radiatum and Hedyotispurpurea var. Geum radiatumand Hedyotis purpurea are believed tobe capable of surviving montana more vulnerable and would var. montana and their habitat in the for decades (Prince and Morse 1985), but increaseenforcement problems for the future include, but are not limited to, the continued failure in seedproduction U.S.Forest Service and the National following: construction of recreational poses a definite threat tolong-term Park Service. Also, the populations on facilities (including trails, buildings, or survival and recovery of the species. privatelands would be more vulnerable maintenance of these facilities), use of The Service has carefully assessed the to taking. Increased visits topopulation aerially applied retardants infire- best scientific and commercial locations stimulated by critical habitat fighting efforts, roadconstruction, information available regarding the past, designation, even without collection of permits for mineral exploration, and any present, and future threats faced by plants, could adversely affect the other activities that do not include these species in determining to make species due to the associated increasein planning for the species’ continued this rule final.Based on this evaluation, tramplingof the fragile habitat occupied existence. The Service will work with the preferred action is to list Ceum by these plants. The Federal and State the involved agencies to secure radiatum and Hedyotis purpurea var. agencies and landowners involved in protection and proper management of montana as endangered. With 31 managing the habitat of these species Geum radiatum and Hedyotis purpurea percent of the Geum and 17 percent of havebeen informed of the plants’ var. montana while accommodating the 1-Jedyotis populations having already locations and of the importance of agency activities to the extent possible. beenextirpated, and only 11 populations protection; therefore, it would not be The Act and its implementing of Geum and 6 ofHedyotis remaining prudent and no additional benefit would regulations found at 50 CFR 17.61, 17.62, (all of which are subject to some form of result from a determination of critical and 17.63 set forth a series of general threat), these species warrant protection habitat. trade prohibitions and exceptions that under the Act.With the small number of apply to all endangered plants. Alltrade remaining populations and the small Available Conservation Measures prohibitions at section 9(a)(2) of the Act, number of individuals and area covered Conservation measures provided to implemented by 50 CFR 17.61 apply. by these populations, and with species listed as endangered or Theseprohibitions, in part, make It significant declines having been threatened under the Endangered ille8al for any person subject to the documentedin many of the surviving Species Act include recognition, jurisdiction of the United States to populations, these two plants are in recoveryactions, requirements for import or export any endangered plant, danger of extinction throughoutall or Federal protection, and prohibitions transport it in interstate or foreign significant portions of their ranges and against certain practices. Recognition commerce in the course of commercial therefore qualify as endangered species through listing encourages and result8 in activity, sell or offer it for sale in under the Act. Critical habitat is not conservation actions by Federal, State, interstate or foreign commerce, or being designated for the reasons and private agencies, groups, and remove it from areas under Federal discussed below. individuals. The Endangered Species jurisdiction and reduce it to possession. Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 66 / Thursday, April 5, 1990 / Rules and Regulations 12797

In addition, the 1988 amendments (Pub. was published in the Federal Register on Terrelt, E. 1959. A revision of the Houstonia L. 100—478) to the Act protect October 25, 1983 {48 FR49244). purpurea group~Rubiaceae).Rhodora. 61:157—180, 188—207. endangered plants from malicious ReferencesCited damage or destruction on Federal lands Terrell, E. 1978. Taxonomicnotes on Bolle. F. 1933. Em Ubersicht über die Gattung Houstonia purpurea var. montana and their removal, cutting, digging up, or (Rubiaceael. Castanea. 43:25-29. damaging or destroying in knowing Geum L. und irhnahestehenden Gattungen. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde, Beih. 72:1—119. Author violation of any State law or regulation, Brown. R. 1823. A supplement to the including State criminal trespass law. appendixtoCaptain Perry’svoyage. The primary author of this final rule is The 1988 amendments do not reflect this Reprinted in MiscellaneousBot. Worksof Nora Murdock, Asheville Field Office, protection for threatened plants. Certain R. Brown. R. Hardwicke, London. 261-309: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 100 Otis exceptions canapply to agents of the Hara, H. 1935. Preliminary reporton the flora Street, Room 224, Asheville. North Serviceand State conservation of southern Hidaka, Hokkaidô (Yezo)Vi. Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 49:124—125. Carolina 28801 (704/259—0321 or FTS agencies.The Act and 50 CFR 17.62 and 672—0321). 17.63 also provide for the issuance of Kral, R. 1983. A report on some rare, permits to carry out otherwise threatened, or endangered forest-related List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17. prohibited activities involving vascularplants of the south. USDA Forest Service Tech. Pub. R8-TP2. 600-603 and Endangered and threatened species, endangered species under certain 1074—1077. Fish, Marine mammals, Plants circumstances. it is anticipated that few Massey, J., P. Whitson. and T. Atkinson. ‘1980. (agriculture). trade permits would ever be sought or Endangered and threatened plant survey of issued since Ceum radiatum and 12 species in theeastern part ofregion IV. Regulations Promulgation Hedyotis purpurea var. montana are not USFWS Contract 14-180004-78-108. Report. Accordingly, part 17, subchapter B of common in cultivation or in the wild.. Michaux, A. 1974. Flora Boreali-Americana chapter 1, title 50 of the Code of Federal Requests for copies of the regulations on (Facsimileof the 1803 edition). Hafner Regulations, is amended as set forth plants and inquiries regarding them may Press, NewYork. 300-301. below: be addressed to the Office of Morgan, S. 1880. Speciesstatus summary for GeumradiatumMichaux; Species General PART 17—[AMENOED] Management Authority, U,S.Fish and Information System: species, population, Wildlife Service P.O. Box 3~507, habitat, and threat inventory. 1. The authority citation for part 17 Arlington, Virginia1 22203—3507 (703/358— Prince, J., and L. Morse. ‘1985. The Nature continues to read as follows: 2104). Conservancy global rankingform: Ceum rodiatum. TheNature Conservancy Authority: 18 U.S.C. 1361—1407: 18 U.S.C. National Environmental Policy Act National Office, Arlington, VA. 2 pp. 1531—1543: 16U.S.C. 4201—4245; Pub. L 99... The Fish and Wildlife Service has Radford, A., H. Ahies, and R. BelL 1968. 625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted. determined that an Environmental Manual of the vascular flora of the 2. Amend § 17.12(h) by adding the Carolinas.University ofNorthCarolina Assessment, as defined under the following, in alphabetical order, to the authority of the National Environmental Press, Chapel Hill. 545, 983. Raynor, L 1952. Cytotaxonomic studies of List of Endangered and Threatened Policy Act of 1969, need not be prepared Geum. American Jour. Bot. 39:713—719. Plants; in connection with regulations adopted Robertson, K. 1974.The genera of Rosoceae pursuant to section 4(a) of the in the southeasternU.S. J. of the Arnold § 17.12 Endangered and threatened Endangered Species Act of 1973. as Arboretum. 55:344—385. plant.. * * a * amended. A notice outlining the Small, J. 1903. Flora of the southeastern U.S. Service’s reasons for this determination 1325,1338. (h) * * *

— Histoñc range Status When listed haoitat~ Special Scientific name Common name rules

RosaGeae—Rose t.mlIy

Genn .adaftin...... _...... — Spreading avens ....-._ U.SA (NC, TNI E 381 NA NA

Rubiaceae—Coffee family:

Hedjvtis puipwea var. mon- Roan Mountin~uet _._ USA (P’JC, TN)__...... £ 381 NA tana.

Dated: March15,1880. Richard N.Smith. Actiiig Director. FI.shondWildlife Service. (FR Doc. 90-7812Filed 4-4-89: 845am] G~t43IO-Sb.~