Vol. 24 No.4 Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Pages 8, Price 2.00 NFA

Senior Delegation on Working 16th National Book Fair

Visit to Morocco The 16th National Book Fair is scheduled to open on March 24 at the a message from President Isaias Expo grounds here in the capital. According to the organizing committee, Afwerki to King Mohamed the the Fair would include e-Books and digital media. Sixth. It also indicated that 30% discount on book prices would be made with The two sides discussed a view to nurturing the reading habit among the general public. The fair consolidation of bilateral ties as well would also take place in other regions of the country from April 7 to 19. as regional and global issues. Minister Osman Saleh Integrated Effort for Implementation of congratulated Morocco for the

resumption of its membership in the Development Programs AU and its valuable contribution to Africa. Mr. Ahmed Mohammed-Nur Rejeb, Administrator of Afabet Sub-zone, has called on government institutions and administrative bodies to exert Minister Mzwar on his part joint effort in the implementation of development programs. thanked for its strong support for Morocco and underlined his Speaking at the annual work assessment meeting, he voiced appreciation country’s readiness to develop for the active participation of the local inhabitants in development partnership with Eritrea. endeavors. A senior Eritrean delegation Morocco. comprising Foreign Minister Osman In the course of its working visit, Likewise, Mr. Gergis Mezgebe, Head of economic development in the Saleh and Presidential Advisor Mr. The Eritrean delegation met the the Eritrean delegation will meet Sub-zone, stated that 25,000 terraces and over 99,000 cubic meters of Yemane Gebreab is on a three day Moroccan Foreign Minister, Mr. with a number of Moroccan officials embankment have been constructed and over 36,000 terraces renovated on working visit to the Kingdom of Salehaddin Mzwar and delivered and investors. the basis of popular campaign. 5th General Assembly of OSMA Conducted in The 5th General Assembly of the the Assembly and expressed work in collaboration with the In related news, Gen. Flipos Meanwhile, in a meeting held Organization of Military Sports conviction that it would promote member states so as to achieve the Woldeyohannes and Ambassador at the Commission of Culture in Africa (OSMA) was conducted a sense of common understanding set goals. Zemede Tekle, Eritrean and Sports, Ambassador Zemede from the 11th to the 13th of March among the participating member Commissioner of Culture and pointed out that Sports and Culture at Asmara Palace Hotel, here in states. High-ranking military delegates Sports, met and held talks on play a significant role in the the capital. Over 50 high-ranking from a number of African bilateral issues with the newly integration of the African people military officials from over 22 Col. Kabre David was elected countries including South Africa, appointed President of OSMA, and that Eritrea will exert every African countries including President of the organization while Algeria, Guinea, Cameroon, Col. Kabre David. effort towards that end. the Chairman of the OSMA, 18 countries including Eritrea , Uganda, Tunisia, Tanzania, participated at the Assembly. have become members of the Democratic Republic of Congo, At a meeting held on 13 March, Pointing out Eritrea’s significant organization’s Executive Board. , , , Egypt, Gen. Flipos expressed Eritrea’s place in international sports Speaking at the opening session , , Botswana, readiness to share experience activities in general and in in which senior government and In closing remarks on March 13, Mauritania, Burkina Faso, , and strengthen cooperation with particular, Col. Kabre underlined PFDJ officials, members of the Gen. Flipos, expressed conviction Congo Brazzaville, Morocco and African countries in the domain of the rich experience they gained diplomatic corps and invited that the fruitful outcome of the Burundi have participated in the sports. during their stay in Asmara. guests participated, General Flipos Assembly would promote military General Assembly. Woldeyohannes, Chief of Staff sports in the continent and that Expressing appreciation for Present at the meeting were of the Eritrean Defense Forces, it has been a platform in which Artists from the Eritrean the strong organization and Brig. Gen. Tekle Libsu, Brig. Gen. underlined the significance of Eritrea shared its experience in Defense Forces staged cultural participation of sports activities Tekie Russom and other army sports in developing physical and military sports. performances. of the Eritrean Armed Forces, the commanders from the Eritrean side mental fitness, promoting the spirit President of OSMA highlighted as well as the General Secretary of unity and instilling discipline. The new President of OSMA, OSMA was founded in 1994 and the significance of Eritrea’s and Vice President of OSMA and Gen. Flipos said that Eritrea is Col. Kabre David on his part has its central office in Yaoundé, cooperation in the success of the other high ranking members of the honored to host the Assembly. reaffirmed readiness to diligently Cameroon. OSMA sports activities. organization.

Stating that since the days of the struggle for independence Eritrea has been exerting unremitting effort to promote sports activities, he underlined that sports tournaments among the military has been in place nationwide.

Also speaking on behalf of Lt. General Meguedad Benziane, President of OSMA, Col. Kabre David voiced appreciation to the Eritrean government for hosting Eritrea Profile, Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 4 2 PROCLAMATION No. 180/ 2017 A Proclamation to Provide for the Payment of Stamp Duty

ARTICLE 1 SHORT TITLE Minister to implement, inter alia, the Ser.No Instrument Chargeable With Stamp Basis Of Rate of Stamp Duty provisions of this Proclamation and Duty Valuation in % or Nakfa This Proclamation may be cited as of regulations issued hereunder; the “Stamp Duty Proclamation No. 7. “Instrument” means a written 1. Memorandum and Articles of Association 180/2017”. document by which any right or of any business Organization, Cooperative obligation is created, recorded, or Association: Flat 1000.00 ARTICLE 2 DEFINITIONS transferred, extinguished or by which a) Upon 1st execution Flat 250.00 its scope is limited or extended; b) Upon any subsequent In this Proclamation, unless the 8. “Minister and Ministry” execution context otherwise requires: means the Minister and Ministry of Finance, respectively; 2. Award: a) with determinable value; On value 3% 1. “Award” means a decision in 9. “Negotiable Instrument” b) with nondeterminable value. Flat 50.00 writing rendered by an arbitrator means any document incorporating or arbitrators on a reference made a right to an entitlement in such otherwise than by order of court in manner that it would not be possible 3. Bill of exchange and promissory note. On value 2% the course of suit by parties to an to enforce or transfer the right arbitral submission; separately from the instrument 4. Cheques Flat 0.50 2. “Bond” includes any instrument and includes such commercial, 5. Bonds On value 1% whereby a person obliges himself to instruments as bills of exchange, pay money to another, on condition promissory notes, cheques and other 6. Warehouse Bond On value 1% that the obligation shall be void similar documents; where a specific act is performed or 10. “Notarial act” means an 7. Contracts and agreements Flat 50.00 is not performed, as the case may act of attestation and certification be, or any instrument attested by a performed by a person authorized to 8. Security Deed On value 0.5% witness and not payable to order or perform such act; 9. Collective Agreement: bearer; 11. “Person” means any natural a) Upon 1st execution; Flat 1000.00 3. “Collective Agreement and person, or any organization b) Upon any subsequent execution Flat 250.00 contract of Employment” shall irrespective whether such have the respective meanings given organization possesses a legal 10. Contract of Employment. On value 1% to them by Articles 3 (8) and (21) of personality or not; the Labour Proclamation of Eritrea 12. “Receipt” means any note or 11. Lease contract On value 1% No. 118/2001; writing whereby any money or any 12. Notarial act Flat 20.00 4. “Contract” means an agreement signed bill of exchange, cheque or whereby two or more persons as promissory note is acknowledged 13. Contract of Insurance On value 2% between themselves create, vary, or in writing to have been received, extinguish obligations of proprietary or whereby any other claim or 14. Power of Attorney Flat 100.00 nature; part thereof is acknowledged to 15. Protest of bill of exchange or promissory On value 2% 5. “Contract of Insurance” means have been received or satisfied, or an Insurance policy by which one which signifies or imports any such note person, the Insurer, in consideration acknowledgment; 16. Share certificate Flat 1.00 of a premium, engages to indemnify 13. “Security deed” means any another, the insured against loss, instrument whereby a borrower or 17. Receipt Flat 1.00 damages, loss of expected profit, or guarantor gives to a lender a charge 18. Documents transferring title to Property or On value 4% any liability arising from an unknown upon a part or the whole of his or contingent event, including a life property; and transfer of shares policy and any policy insuring any 14. “Ticket” means a certificate 19. Ticket: person against accident or sickness or token evidencing payment a) for theater or musical show; On value 5% or any other personal insurance; of admission fee to places of b) for Nightclubs; On value 20% 6. “Inland Revenue Department” entertainment. c) for Cargo service, Air ticket, On value 1.5% means the body designated by the Excess baggage ARTICLE 3 REPEAL The Stamp Duty Proclamation 20. Petitions and applications Flat 1.00 No. 65/1995 is hereby repealed and replaced by this Proclamation. alteration or any other change in any such amount shall be computed on such valuation is approved by the ARTICLE 4 SCHEDULES other instrument shall be considered the basis of the prevailing rate of Inland Revenue Department. OF INSTRUMENTS as subsequent execution. exchange. 6. Where the value agreed Published Every CHARGEABLE WITH STAMP Published Every 3. Where an instrument is between the transferor and the DUTY RATES Saturday & Wednesday ARTICLE 6 MODE OF chargeable with stamp duty on an transferee is not acceptable to the WednesdayPublished & SaturdayEvery The stamp duty on each instrument VALUATION ad‑valorem basis in respect of any Inland Revenue Department, the Saturday & Wednesday shall be charged, levied and collected 1. Where the value of the right or stock or of any marketable security, value of the property involved in the Acting Editor at the following rates: Amanuel Mesfun obligation executed by means of an such amount shall be computed on transfer of title shall, for the purpose AmanuelActing EditorMesfun instrument can be determined, the the average value of the stock or of calculating the stamp duty, be ARTICLE 5 RATES OF [email protected] Mesfun rate chargeable on such instrument security prevailing at the time when determined by a special committee STAMP DUTY [email protected] shall be the percentage of value the distinct instrument is drawn. comprising concerned governmental 1.The Minister may issue P.O.Box: 247 specified for each such instrument in 4. Any instrument comprising agencies appointed or designated by P.O.Box: 247 regulations to provide for the Tel:P.O.Box: 11-41-14 247 the schedule above, where the value two or more different or related the Minister. Tel: 11-41-14 payment of stamp duty rates on Fax:Tel: 11-41-1412-77-49 of the right or obligation executed matters shall be chargeable with 7. The Minister may approve or Fax: 12-77-49 specific models and different Fax:E-mail: 12-77-49 by means of an instrument cannot be the aggregate amount of duties reject the stamp duty determined to E-mail: certificates. [email protected]: determined, the amount chargeable payable in respect of each separate be paid by the special committee. [email protected] 2.The rate payable at any Advertisement:profile@ zena.gov.er 12-50-13 on such an instrument is the fixed instrument. Advertisement: 12-50-13 subsequent execution shall be those Advertisement: 12-50-13 amount specified for each such 5. The stamp duty payable on ARTICLE 7 OBLIGATION specified in the same schedule. Layout instrument in the schedule. documents transferring title shall TO PAY Layout 2. Where an instrument is be calculated on the value of 1. Unless otherwise provided Azmera Berhane 3.Endorsement or dishonoring Azmera Berhane chargeable with stamp duty in the property involved as agreed herein the beneficiary of any Sara Alem any form of negotiable instrument AzmeraSara AlemBerhane respect of any amount expressed upon between the transferor and AidaSara JoharAlem or introducing any amendment, in any currency other than Nakfa, transferee, provided however that Continued on page 6 Eritrea Profile,Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 4 3

5th OSMA General Assembly Sealed

Semir Seid BOD and OSMA offices and to host disciplinary organizations in the part of every African national’s BOD and presidency elections. world, organizes various sporting duty, nations ought to be protected With the establishment of the The benefits of sport is much events for the armed forces of its by bringing together militaries Information and Promotion Office greater than we can imagine. The organization is headquartered 134 member countries. on the sports field rather than in 2001 at the Ministry of Defense, Sport is being used as a means in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The 1st the battlefield. To illustrate the army sport clubs shifted gears and of gathering various collections General Assembly took place on The massive presence of peace-building effects of sports, started to conduct sport activities of individuals, organizations and 25th March, 2008, in Algiers, participants at Asmara Palace an example of South and North regularly. Since 2010, however, countries. It is a source of joy, a Algeria. As of the 5th General during the General Assembly Korean athletes playing in sport events at Ministry Defense natural remedy for stress and a Assembly, the session was able was appreciated by the OSMA tournaments was highlighted. This level were scheduled only once source of health. It is recommended to renew the Board of Directors officials. The officials expressed showed how military sports can every two years. The extension by pediatricians whenever structure by starting to elect its that previous assemblies hadn’t actually bring solidarity among of time was preferred to enhance necessary. Thus, wherever people new president, Colonel Kabre welcomed participant of this divided peoples. sport activity at the division level are situated, they can consider David from Burkina Faso; its size and scale. They noted that by organizing sport competition in exercising to build their mental, vice president, Brigadier General this shows the organization has According Olympic statistical each zonal command in every odd- physical and interpersonal qualities. Ashton Mlindeni Sibango of South managed to build its reputation in data, 30% of medals belong to numbered year. Considering these benefits and Africa; and its secretary general, line with its values. military athletes. Bearing almost other international factors as a Djindola Pyer. As the law dictates, one third of awards, nations with Meanwhile, sport remains an baseline, the Organization of these newly elected officials are OSMA runs its activities by the military athletes look forward important activity within Eritrean Military Sports in Africa (OSMA) expected to serve OSMA for the funds of the member states that are to promoting their activities and Defense Force (EDF) members is for the benefit of Africans. next four years. willing to contribute and sponsor relations across continents. with no off-year for sports. The the continental gatherings of the Information and Promotion Office, The 5th General Assembly OSMA’s objective looks to armed forces. The costs related Coming back to the 5th OSMA apart from hosting and organizing has been carried out in Asmara promote and instill a coherent to the operations of the liaison General Assembly hosting country, sport competitions, worked on Palace Hotel from the 11th to 13th peaceful environment through offices are primarily supported Eritrea, the officials mentioned training referees and coaches for March. The event was successful. sport and physical training by the armed forces of the that the nation was selected since capacity-building. This and other Following the opening ceremony, activities among the armed forces headquarters of these offices. The it is a member state and pays endeavors enabled the EDF sports the General Assembly looked at of member states that contribute organizations manages a number its duties on time; it actively teams to make their names known issues critical to the organization. to the economic development of continental gatherings such participates in events prepared in international sports arenas and There was the election and renewal and integration of the African as the African Military Games, by the organization; and it is win a number of Olympic medals. of some posts within the Board of continent. The General Assembly African Military Football Cup renowned by its Olympian military This is seen as a reflection of the Directors of OSMA, where Eritrea remains the legislative organ that (CAMFOOT), African Military athletes for its performances in EDF’s commitment to contributing became part of the 18 board brings all member countries. It is Boxing Cup (CAMBOXE), global competitions. Referring to to national pride and progress in member states. taken as the supreme authority of African Military Athletics Cup the military sport in Eritrea, its the field of sports. OSMA and elects the Board of (CAMATHLETISME) and African history stretches back to the armed Incorporating the fundamental Directors, which is the executive military Judo Cup (CAMJUDO). struggle period. Sport events were The Information and Promotion principles and motto of the organ, which is chaired by the These championships are held in 1981, 1987, and 1989. Office of the Ministry of Defense International Military Sports president of the organization. sponsored by some African Heads is member of international Council (CISM), “Friendship of State. Despite the budget These particular junctures of time organizations such as CISM, the Through Sport”, OSMA was The OSMA being formed early shortfalls, OSMA officials declared in the history of sports among the OSMA, and the East and Central founded in 1994 during the 40th 90’s implements strategic objectives at the press conference held at the military magnify the sport legacy Africa Liaison Office (ECALO) CISM General Assembly. The to foster planned, regular and closer end of the General Assembly , that in Eritrea’s military tradition. with the intent of promoting sports OSMA is a continental organization interaction, solidarity, cooperation, ultimate target of the games is to Eritrean military delegates stated within the military. made up of 45 Armed Forces of mutual respect and support, enhance the awareness within that the initiatives were mainly African Member countries. It is professionalism, collaboration Africa that OSMA passionately carried out on the operational Eritrea became member of the African representative of the and Pan-Africanism amongst the works towards peace—and only unit level (brigade, battalion and CISM in a congress held in Dubai CISM. militaries of the African member peace. company). After independence, in 2002. Eritrea, as a member of states for enhanced regional, sub sport activities were not organized this organization, pays its annual The 5th OSMA General Assembly regional, continental and world During the press conference at properly. From 1997 to 1998, the membership fee and participates sought to set the regulations and peace and security. It is based the General Assembly, Secretary Ground Forces of the time managed in conferences. CISM organizes plans for the next two years of on CISM ideals and fosters the General Colonel Dorah Mamby to organize a wide range of sports various sporting events including activities, to approve the annual mutual interests of member states. from Guinea, highlighted that events but were interrupted by Military World Games and World year budge, to gather reports of CISM is one of the largest multi- although the armed forces were Ethiopian invasion of Eritrea. Military Cup for the armed forces of 134 member countries. Eritrea is an active member of this large multi-sport discipline organization, which includes more than 20 competitions annually. Eritrea continues to participate in sport competitions organized by the continental branch of OSMA.

In 2002, the EDF took part in both soccer and athletics in Kenya and won OSMA’s Soccer Cup. The Vice President Brigadier General Sibango, in particular, appreciates Eritrean athletes in track and field competition.

Continued on page 6 Eritrea Profile, Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 4 4

W hatTsegai Medin do we andknow variety of theabout Homo erectus/ the one million year old Eritrean Homo? ergaster record and re-launched The Geo-paleo-anthropo- the debate about its patterns archaeological research conducted of variation and evolutionary in the Eritrean Danakil Depression trends. The fossil specimens in in the last two decades has resulted general filled the gap between in the discovery of over 200 Late Homo erectus (1.4 Ma) and Homo Early Pleistocene sites within heidelbergensis (0.65 Ma). This 1000 meter thick fluvio-lacustrine well known complete fossil skull sedimentary successions. Buia from Buia was recently enriched and Mulhuli-Amo are among the by more fragments of Homo most well-known fossiliferous fossils from nearby site (Mulhuli- Late Early Pleistocene sites in Amo), about 4.7 km far south the world. They are enriched of the Buia site. This evidence Fig. 3&4. Homo molar and fagments of parietal Bones from Mulhuli-Amo by evidence of Homo fossils, includes cranial and post cranial macro and micro mammals and fossil specimens and, importantly global climate cycle marked by a the climatic changes when they the coast of the Red Sea (Abdur, advanced lithic technological a molar tooth. The Homo fossil paleoenvironmental shift resulted occurred. Asfet, Gelealo NW and Misse complexes. The nearly complete evidence from Mulhuli-Amo is in species turnover around 1.0 Ma. East) marks the most significant Homo cranium was discovered in found at the same stratigraphic This turnover resulted in extinction, By about 1.0 Ma these species epoch of the Pleistocene in the the mid-1990s at the inhospitable succession as the Buia Homo and migration and/or adaptation of pioneered efficient use of fire and region. This important innovation area of Uadi Aalad (Buia basin). it is of three individuals. species. Some species (Hominins highly complex technological enabled Hominins to acquire Other evidences of Homo were and other mammals) developed stone tools (Acheulian stone energy, thus, bigger brain size and found near the cranium (all The Hominin species from Buia rapid anatomic changes to adapt tools). The density and variability change in intestine anatomy. These species had already mastered walking in an upright position (bipedalism) enabling them to spot enemies in remote areas, and importantly, to spend less energy and walk longer distances, unlike the quadrupedal mammals. The Buia Homo like any other African Homo species of the same age was living adjacent to the coastal flood plains of the Buia basin. At about 200,000 years ago, Homo ergaster was replaced by Homo sapiens in the region. The shoreline Red Sea Coast of the Buri Peninsula, dated 125+7 ka, contains the earliest well-dated evidence of Homo sapiens in coastal environments. These Prehistoric localities are testimony to ancient Fig. 1&2. The nearly complete Homo cranium from Uadi Aalad (UA), Buia Human settlements, dispersals and cultural interactions within probably belong to the same and Mulhuli-Amo comprise two to harsh climatic changes. The of Acheulian lithic assemblages the extended Red Sea Coast and individual), which include a two distinctive and significant types of Hominin species at this stage which the Hominin species were the Arabian Peninsula. These permanent upper incisors, two traits (1) primitive traits and (2) had advanced technological able to collect from the Dandiero prehistoric Homo sapiens are conjoined pelvic fragments, a right progressive traits. The primitive capabilities, brain capacity and Basin, followed by MSA and the last and successful Hominin iliac blade, a right acetabulum traits comprise low cranial height anatomic developments to resist LSA technologies from sites on species to populate the planet. and partial ischium, forming an and the shape of the cranial profile incomplete adult hip bone and in top view. The progressive traits a pubic symphysis. Due to their include the marked expansion metrical features, these fossils of the parietal bones and the are attributed to an adult female vertically expanded face. The individual. former is characterstic of the African Homo erectus/ergaster and the latter traits fit the Homo The discovery of this complete sapiens cranial morphology. skull was a scientific breakthrough. This Hominin species acquired To date, evidence of complete necessary anatomic changes as skull of Homo dating to between a response to various influences. 1.4-0.65 Myrs is scarce in Africa. Among these, the shift in Although, evidence of Homo has paleoclimate (glacial/interglacial been reported from a number of shifts) which is followed by Early Pleistocene sites in East paleoecological and diet changes Africa (Ileret, Konso, Daka, could be considered significant. Olorgesailie), the addition of Hominins and other mammal the Eritrean Homo (UA-31) has species marked necessary changes significantly enlarged the quality due to climatic fluctuations. The Fig. 5 &6. The stone tool industry from Mulhuli-Amo (the Acheulian technology) Eritrea Profile, Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 4 5 Statement of the Delegation of the State of Eritrea to the 34th Session of the UNHRC in Response to the Oral Update of the Special Rapporteur

Mr. President, of Eritrea’s delegation to this august of affairs not with standing, the December 2016 in Asmara, the body is to end this charade once and Other critical procedural issues GOSE has introduced in the past two capital city. The evaluation has My delegation does not wish to for all. relate to the five-minute response years a raft of measures, including led to planning on wider scale by waste the time of this August body time for a country under a special harmonization and substantial critically assessing the ongoing to indulge in acrimonious exchanges Mr. President, mechanism. There is no fairness increments on the Civil Service process. Agreement was reached to with the Special Rapporteur. The and parity when the accused party Salary Scale. As a result, National fast track and undertake a midterm selective bias inherent in the so-called Let me avail of the occasion to is restricted to respond in barely Service Members, the majority of formative evaluation in May 2017. testimonies that she brandishes; briefly highlight two matters that five minutes to lengthy reports – whom are assigned to professional This will enhance continuous follow the lack of professionalism in her have a bearing on the subject in sometime 500 pages long – from the and civilian tasks, as well as those up and preparation of the third Cycle overall approach; the political bias question. plaintiff. Another procedural hurdle who remain in the Military, are of the UPR Report. In general, and agenda that have marred her which affects negatively a country obtaining remunerations that are significant strides have been made recycled reports are these days too The first is the risk of politicizing under special mechanism is the congruent with their professional/ in the implementation of many areas well known and acknowledged by the Human Rights Council by denial of a concerned Observer State skill and occupational services. The in particular in the administration of a growing number of governments resorting to country-specific to react to a resolution where another GOSE also continues to demobilize justice, in areas of development and and neutral bodies. In this respect, instruments which are not productive observer state is privileged to table a female members on a continuous social equality, in the penitentiary we see no dividend in dwelling on and constructive. This practice is resolution. These procedural matters basis. system, in engagement and her statement. fraught with the risk of resuscitating impact negatively on the concerned international cooperation. the malaises and follies that State by restricting latitude for 2. New Legal Codes Last year alone, over 112,000 rendered ineffective the predecessor greater discussion and generally by 4. Cooperation with UN in the Diaspora visited of this body 11 years ago. In the undermining fair play and a level Sensitization campaigns on their homeland as part and parcel event, Eritrea appeals for clarity playing field. the revised Eritrean Civil, Penal Cooperation in the implementation of their routine vacations and also and universality of methodological and their Procedural Codes have of the UPR Recommendations and to celebrate the country’s 25th and procedural instruments that the Mr. President, and continue to be undertaken General Human Rights issues and Independence Anniversary. When UNHRC employs. in a rigorous manner – through cooperation with the office of High the Special Rapporteur issued its Let me now turn to the progress public meetings, weekly Tv, radio Commissioner is also proceeding vitriolic report on Eritrea on the A related subject is the Right of on fast-tracking human rights as programmes as well as constant smoothly in accordance to the basis of testimonies of some 250 States to be elected as members of part of the overall developmental columns in the printed press. These projected schedule. or so asylum-seekers of dubious the Council. The current practice programs with special focus on the campaigns will consolidate public credibility, over 42,000 Eritreans bars States under special procedure implementation of the UPR Working knowledge and full awareness of the Mr. President, wrote to her protesting against the from consideration for membership Group Recommendations that my laws of the country and enhance the unfounded and politically motivated in the Council. In the event, where Government has accepted. rule of law. Let me conclude by reassuring vilification campaigns on their the original accusation itself is this august body of the commitment country. But the Special Rapporteur flawed, this practice entails double 1. National service 3. UPR of the Government of the State of is avidly obsessed with advancing injury to the parties concerned; Eritrea to safeguard human rights. the agenda of “regime change” of especially in the absence of rigorous As explained in various previous Coordinated efforts and expanded notorious quislings and foreign criterion for assessing the eligibility occasions, the prolongation of Government engagement and I thank you. countries. Indeed, she has no time to of other candidates. Accordingly, National Service has been imposed cooperation have been stepped listen to the people of Eritrea. In the Eritrea requests for a thorough on Eritrea due to the threats of war up. The first coordinated yearly 13 March 2017 circumstances, the humble request review of this procedure. that continue unabated. This state evaluation was conducted in Geneva

Continued from page 8 Under the Sycamores. . . not deserved but it is nevertheless projects I have done so far. We are he is too bold for this damn world. you”, as Feradai puts it so well, is the they read, I may have to force them reality. So, that short story started looking forward to translate these And that was a wonderful passage voice that the world needs to hear. to read the books but they read, and attracting all the attention towards fabulous works, publish them on by mother Zeineb, with her dramatic two because they change their minds, the other war poets that I covered. It international journals and just write clothing and her jewelry and strong Therefore, we need translation. they are open for changes. light up the room! one more chapter. presence. And also a wonderful The world needs the voices produced poem expressive of the Eritrean life. by native and not native speakers Anything at the end prof? Favorite Eritrean co-work Memories of Mother Zeineb And the Eritrean Nation… too bold working together. I would want to express my There was time for every project for this damn world. I was introduced to mother Zeineb Today’s young people thanks for all the great visits that I that I have embraced with passion, at the Against All Odds Conference in Translation have had. I come back for a reason, and it is always the ‘best one yet’. 2000. And she was the first reader in I am an educator, so I take I love Eritrea. I am grateful for the I learned so much from translating the Valley of Sycamores. We built an It brings entities together. In one responsibility as a professor to be a fact that I can come and work with Eritrean works with Dr. Russom amphitheater and we had a number of my lectures I spoke about national good teacher so that students who great poets, scholars and engaging Haile, working on the anthology, of readers from all over Africa and development, I talk about literary may be alienated from literature brilliant people. and spending time with other poets. she came out and was introduced by development in Eritrea, and that has grow closer to it. Every time, it has just been so a great writer and scholar Selomun to go hand in hand with translation. I have a very good friend Ali inspiring to share the beauty of their Tsehay. When she came out she Translation requires the study and Nonetheless this young generation Mohamed Jimale, who is a Somali work and culture. had an oral performance which I practice of literature. We are talking is very word conscious, have seen scholar and poet. I told him a few What are you focused on now (in then wanted to have transcribed about not the kind of translation of their tweets? Their posts on social weeks ago that I was leaving for this trip)? immediately. And so we ended up someone in the UN or an ambassador networks? Their raps? That’s all Eritrea and he wrote to me an email, calling it Under the Sycamores. speaking… we are talking about writing. You know hip-hop is mostly have a safe and productive trip to On this trip I have been meeting literary translation, and it requires African language, and there a good your adopted country. And so I and talking with many more writers; I open up a lot of my poetry the love, experience and passion of example for African literary scholars have. we are looking for a collection readings with that poem from mother the field. I have a passion for Eritrean to recognize. Let’s look at African focusing on post war writing and Zeineb. And it immediately attracts literature. My message is not really literature as much as hip-hop does. I Thank you! writers in Eritrea. I am excited as people, because in every person’s original, I think that the voice of the love students. They are my favorite much as I have been for all of the heart there is the feeling that she or Eritrean literature “the you of the people for two reasons: one because Thank you Eritrea Profile, Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 4 6 5th OSMA General Assembly . . . Continued from page 3 The presence of numerous attendants, all the hospitality showed by organizing shows the local commitment towards committee, Ministry of Defence, the OSMA’s development and promotion Ministry of Culture and Sports and other of peace in Africa and world. General concerned parties. He explained that the Filipos Weldemariam, during his opening session allowed them to diagnose the current speech, indicated that sport was crucial for organizational difficulties. President-Elect developing physical and mental fitness, Colonel Kabre David noted that this would advancing spirit, promoting unity and drive sister African nations to intensify their harmony, instilling discipline and relieving internal and external relations to improve boredom, and helping to build relationships the organization’s capacities and bring all among countries and African people. The concerned people together towards building general further stated that military sports a prosperous and peaceful Africa. He said in Eritrea are regularly held and the result that military sports have a critical role in is clearly shown in the Olympian athletes promoting peace and unity. He also asked for participating in global competitions. member countries to work collaboratively.

The Secretary General of the OSMA Mr. Further, the officials of OSMA and CISM Djendola Pyer repeatedly underlined that openly discussed their roles and contributions Sbrit dance crew displayed a colorful Eritrean government officials, diplomats and 50 when people hear about military the first towards building member countries’ sport cultural show aimed at promoting African high-level military delegates from the 22 thoughts that come to mind are guns and infrastructures. They indicated that although peace and development. OSMA currently has member states attended the three-day event. war. However, he assured participants that it is not usually in the culture of military to five liaison offices, namely, those in Algiers The participating countries in include South OSMA highlights that the opposite may sponsor such endeavors, what they can do (North Africa), Ouagadougou (West Africa), Africa, Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Burkina also be true, that militaries can also promote is enhance awareness of sports among head Brazzaville (Central Africa), Bujumbura Faso, Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic peace. states and chief staffs of armed forces to () and Luanda (Southern Africa). Republic of Congo, The Congo Republic, encourage construction of infrastructure for Ivory Coast, Egypt, Guinea Republic Kenya, The president-elect of OSMA, Colonel sports development. The OSMA General Assembly officially Morocco, Mauritania, Nigeria, Uganda, Kabre David expressed delight in the The opening and ending ceremonies were concluded its meetings and work sessions Senegal, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia and success of the General Assembly and performed by cultural artists in the military. on Monday the 13th of March. High-level Eritrea.

PROCLAMATION No. 180/ 2017 . . .

d) on contracts or agreements, before or at papers, document and proceedings necessary Consulates and Missions of foreign states or ontinued from page 2 C the time of signing; for the determination of stamp duty, or international organizations. e) on leases, before or at the time of where necessary, to require the attendance ARTICLE 12 POWERS OF THE instrument shall be liable to pay the stamp duty MINISTER thereon. signing; of such persons who shall give the necessary f) on notarial acts, at the time of issuance; explanation in the course of inspection of such The Minister is hereby empowered to issue 2. The person drawing or issuing an regulations for: instrument in Eritrea shall be liable for the g) on security deeds, before or at the time of records; and issuance; 3. determine the stamp duty payable under 1. the supply or sale of stamps and stamped payment of stamp duty, provided, however, papers; that when an instrument is drawn outside h) on contract of Insurance, before or at the this Proclamation by estimation where the time of issuance of the insurance policy; concerned person fails to comply with the 2. the appointment of persons by whom the Eritrea the person executing it first in Eritrea sale of stamps and stamped papers is to be shall be liable for the payment of stamp duty. i) on receipts, at the time of issuance; required documentation enumerated in sub j) on share certificate, at the time of article (2) of this Article. carried out, and the duties and remuneration of 3. Unless otherwise specified in a lease such persons; and agreement the stamp duty payable thereon issuance; ARTICLE 10 RIGHT TO APPEAL k) on documents transferring title of property 3. the better carrying out of this shall be paid by the lessee. 1. Any persons dissatisfied with the decision Proclamation. 4. The insured shall pay the stamp duty and on transfer of shares, before or at the time of the Minister regarding the amount of stamp ARTICLE 13 PENALTY chargeable on a contract of insurance. the transfer is effected; duty payable may, within 30 days from the 1. Whosoever being appointed to sell stamps 5. The borrower shall be liable for the l) on tickets, before or at the time of issuance; date of notification of the decision rendered or stamped papers sells the same at a value payment of stamp duty chargeable on security andm) on model, when purchased, and on in writing, appeal against the decision of the exceeding rates set forth by this Proclamation deeds. clearance certificate at the time of issuance. Minister to the High Court. shall, in addition to being deprived of the 6. The transferee shall, unless otherwise 2. The decision of the High Court shall be permit, be punishable in accordance with the agreed, be liable for the payment of stamp duty 2. When the amount of stamp duty: subject to no further appeal. provisions of the Penal Code of Eritrea. chargeable on documents transferring title to a) is under Nakfa fifty (50) it shall be effected 2. Whosoever commits a crime relating to property and transfer of shares. by affixing stamp of appropriate value on the ARTICLE 11 EXEMPTIONS stamp duty shall be punishable according to 7. Parties to a contract or to an agreement are instrument; and 1. No stamp duty shall be charged on the relevant provisions of the Penal Code of jointly and severally liable for the payment of b) is Nakfa fifty (50) or more than Nakfa a contract, agreement or memorandum Eritrea. stamp duty thereon. fifty or where the type and nature of instrument thereof relating exclusively to the sale of 3. Whosoever fails to pay stamp duty 8. The liability to pay stamp duty on petitions so requires, the Minister may by regulation merchandise. pursuant to Article 8 of this Proclamation shall and applications to government bodies rests on provide that stamp duty shall be paid against 2. The Minister may, for good cause, grant be liable to pay penalty amounting to 10% of the petitioner or applicant. receipt. exemption from payment of stamp duty on the payable value of the stamp duty. 9. The employer shall be liable for the 3. Whoever executes an instrument bearing tickets. 4. A petition or application which has not payment of stamp duty on a contract of an adhesive stamp shall, at the time of 3. No stamp duty shall be charged on a been duly stamped shall be rejected. employment. execution, cancel the same, so that it cannot be used again. petition or application made by an employee to 5. No penalty or fine shall be imposed in his employer in matters relating exclusively to respect of a petition or application that has not ARTICLE 8 MANNER AND TIME OF ARTICLE 9 POWERS OF THE his employment such as salaries, promotions, been duly stamped. PAYMENT INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT leave, etc. 1. Stamp duty shall be paid as follows: Inland Revenue Department is hereby vested 4. Ministries, Commissions, Government ARTICLE 14 EFFECTIVE DATE a) on memorandum and articles of association, with powers to: Authorities and other State Agencies and before or at the time of registration; 1. collect the stamp duty determined Offices including the Bank of Eritrea shall be This Proclamation shall enter into force as b) on awards, before execution or at the time under, and implement the provisions of this exempt from payment of stamp duties. of the date of its publication in the Gazette of of their issuance ; Proclamation; 5. The Minister may subject to reciprocity Eritrean Laws. c) on negotiable instruments, at the time of 2. require persons liable to pay stamp duty grant exemptions from payment of stamp duty A s m a r a , M a r c h 1 3 2 0 1 7 issuance; to submit for inspection any register, book, on all or certain instruments of Embassies, Government of Eritrea. Eritrea Profile, Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 4 7

Photo: Aklilu Zerezghi Design: taezaz abraha 5 Eritrea Profile, Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 4 8

Billion Temesghen

You all must have gottenUnder an idea of who our guest would be today atthe the first glimpse of theSycamores title. We have today with us Distinguished Professor of English, Comparative Literature and African Studies at Penn State University. He is the very guy behind the popular Mama Zeineb’s “TOO BOLD IN THIS DAMN WORLD”! Ever since his first visit to Eritrea in 1995, Prof. Charles Cantalupo, has been an enthusiastic fan of Eritrean literary culture. That’s why he co-translated various poems and short stories in a bid to introduce Eritrean literary works to the rest of the world. Some of Prof. Cantalupo’s works include: two books of translation of Resom Haile’s poetry, We Have Our Voice in 2000, we Invented The Wheel in 2002, Where War Was in 2009, an anthology Who Needs a Story Contemporary Eritrean Poetry in Tigrinya, Tigre and Arabic in 2005, a memoir Joining Africa From Anthills to Asmara and his new book hitting stores in June Non-Native Speker: Selected and Sundry Essays among others.

How did this interest originate? poetry could have an emotional side too. It began in 1995 when I first came I’m burning to boil you to Eritrea. Primarily in my role as a Like raw delicate meat And it is still a harsh struggle writer myself and as a poet I published to translate war poets and to get poems about my experience. When I in liberation publishers to accept it, but we still came to Eritrea in 1997, however, I But I am too old for the army manage to do. co-organized the Conference Against Too powerless to be the All Odds: African Languages and minister of education So if putting out war poets is Literature into the 21st Century. difficult as you put it, how was And too bold in this damn world the reaction of the international It was at that conference that I community? got to know many Eritrean writers, Catalupo’s translation of Mama Zeineb historians, prose writers, fiction and Often, in terms of the western non-fiction writers, poets and we just and international audience, it just got along. As writers to writers, there seems that war is about violence. was a kind of a wonderful balance something that was going to emerge to this precise point and it is a very anyone else’s life; over these 50 years Realistically, some of the war poetry of exchange between the two of us. from the backdrop of Euro-phone or convincing point, because none of us there have been personal challenges that I translated with Dr. Girmai Part of my method is to listen. I love colonial writing, and at that time I had wants to have our identity stolen. and tragedies in my life. Negash was accepted in journals and being a listener, so from that I started been a professor largely in English very well received. It sure is convincing, translating Eritrean poets. In 2000 literature and studying the European In relation to my projects in I put out two books and 2005 I had renaissance. I realized that there was Eritrea, there was a great challenge I divide Eritrean poems in to It is right? What if Africa’s literary another book, an anthology. parallel between, you might say, in translating Eritrean poetry when poetry of war, poetry of peace and identity is actually stolen? It is ‘a coming African renaissance’ in Mr. Zemihret Yohannes suggested poetry of war and peace. There was, not that the Euro phone writing in African languages… very similar that I should come to Eritrea and in fact, a literary study I published in Cantalupo’s irony in relation to Africa has anything wrong to it, it African Studies to the European renaissance and the focus on war poets. At first, I really 2008 in my book War and Peace in th th has been incredibly useful. I mean European literature of the 14 , 15 didn’t think I could do it because war Contemporary Eritrean Poetry. We and 16th century having to break someone like Chinua Achebe is now in representation of literature largely One of the greatest ironies in listed as one of the major English had better luck publishing the poetry away from Latin. in the west is considered a very relation to African Studies was in stylists. He has taught in many high of war and peace and the poetry of negative thing. It is not something 1993. I found out that Africa’s greatest schools in America, again he is peace. We had great results. The war And suddenly this similarity that you praise or think positively writer Ngugi Wathiongo was living 5 writing in English, and Ngugi is not poetry maybe only about 30 to 40 % impressed me in to the fire that I minutes from the hospital in which saying better, Ngugi is only saying of. of it. I was born in. Orange New Jersey! found in my dialogue with Ngugi. different. So it just seemed natural to visit my In my upcoming new book, there are In that respect I thought “well, But a funny thing happened. With parents, and then visit and interview three interviews with Ngugi ; there And what do you think about the how could I do that? The audience the local writer and scholar Prof. Ngugi Wathiongo. But there is an is one from 93, one from 99 and we African literature? will not like it” and furthermore, no Rahel Asghedom, we co-translated a incongruity right there. How could just did one in April 2015. poets for over a hundred years have work by an Eritrean woman Abeba a Jersey boy visiting his parents in It is very inspiring to me. Bottom written about war in a positive light. Keleta entitled The Girl with the Gun the suburbs be suddenly talking with I am curios where Ngugi stands line, I am here and I have been And I don’t mean that ‘positive’ and a very good journal called Words Africa’s greatest writer in exile from regarding the African contemporary here in Eritrea maybe twenty times is perhaps the right word, but the Without Borders had great reviews literature? Kenya? Well, it happened and that in Eritrea. I am a writer who when fact is that Eritrea had to fight as about it. You know when that came interview changed my life! writing mainly uses African subjects. nation for its freedom. I had to make out, I stopped having doubts that He is a great advocate and he is Half of my book Where War Was is tremendous sacrifices to have its Eritrean poetry would not be liked How so? also a part of it. He talked about how my own poems that relate to Eritrea. independence and it still has had to by western audience. That work had in this world we have something And I should add here that in a lot of struggle and maintain its defensive many wanders about things like “uh, Because Ngugi was very called “identity theft”. He talked my writing I go to Africa as a cultural and offensive posture to survive in women fought in Eritrea?”, “Oh, welcoming to my question and we about African literary identity theft. source. I want influences from all very harsh world. It is not a light what is the EPLF?” or “Where is had a very light hearted dialogue. He was saying that the African over. I want to learn from all over. I subject. Eritrea?” all these questions… literary identity has been stolen by want to address an audience of many What were you curios of exactly? Euro phone languages. They broke people from around the world. And it really became a matter of And you know all this happened into African culture and started using talking this out with Mr. Zemihret, because the form of short stories His new book Moving the Center. African culture. But really, Ngugi’s Challenges on the way as he said, that war is about so much is probably more accessible and But then as we got on talking I message is “if you are going to more than a war. He called them universal… sometimes poetry could became more and more interested write in African language, you are Writing is a very humbling process ‘perennial issues’; friendship, love, be a bit off-putting to people. It is in his views on African languages. going to have to be part of African because the material is always so struggle… and I started to approach Writing in African languages was culture”. So it really boiled down much greater. No different from it that way and realized that war Continued on page 5