Aerospace Engineering

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aerospace Engineering COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CAL POLY POMONA CATALOG 2011-2012 (a) An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and AEROSPACE ENGINEERING engineering, especially with an understanding of physics, chemistry, www.csupomona.edu/aro mathematics, material science, electrical circuits, controls, and software required to address real-world engineering problems; Ali R. Ahmadi, Chair (b) An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data especially for testing of aerospace structural Subodh Bhandari Donald L. Edberg elements, aerodynamic components and systems, aerospace Steven K. Dobbs Gabriel G. Georgiades propulsion systems, spacecraft, launch vehicles and flight control systems including autonomous controls; The Aerospace Engineering program is accredited by the Engineering (c) An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet Accreditation Commission of ABET, http://www.abet.org. The vision of desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, the Aerospace Engineering Department is to produce nationally environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, recognized aerospace graduates who can contribute to achievements in manufacturability, and sustainability with the ability to turn data national defense, space exploration, commercial aerospace, into meaningful engineering design using systems engineering life aeronautics, and academia. cycle development processes especiallly for the design of complex The mission of the Aerospace Engineering Program is to provide an systems such as aircraft, launch vehicles and spacecraft from a education by hands-on application of theory to produce graduates for a conceptual design perspective and formulate the systems diverse society who can contribute immediately, effectively and ethically engineering life cycle development process including business case to the development of aerospace products and possess the educational modeling; foundations for their career growth in industry, and academia, with (d) An ability to function on multidisciplinary teams; innovation and leadership. (e) An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems Traditionally the aerospace engineer has been involved with the design with an understanding of engineering science fundamentals that and development of high speed vehicles such as aircraft, missiles and enables them to examine real world engineering problems for the spacecraft. Over the years this list has evolved to include ocean vessels underlying physical principles and decide on appropriate methods of and high-speed land vehicles as well. The extreme environments in solution especially applied to analyzing aerospace structural which these vehicles operate have dictated the construction of the most elements, aerodynamic components and systems, aerospace complex engineering systems devised by man and require integration propulsion systems, spacecraft, launch vehicles and trajectory flight and application of such disparate fields as aerodynamics and heat control systems including autonomous controls; transfer, structural mechanics, control system theory and vehicle (f) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility and an dynamics using systems engineering processes. Often the aerospace awareness of environmental and quality concerns of the engineer is confronted with problems that cannot be fully defined but, in engineering profession; spite of this, require imaginative and sophisticated solutions. (g) An ability to communicate effectively including good oral, written The graduates of Aerospace Engineering will be practicing professionals and graphic communications skills; who exhibit these Program Educational Objectives: (h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of A. Demonstrate their knowledge of aerodynamics, aerospace engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and materials, aircraft and spacecraft structures, aircraft and space societal context with an understanding of the role of the engineer propulsion, flight mechanics, stability and control systems, orbital in industry, government, and society. mechanics, space environment, attitude determination and control, (i) A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long telecommunications, and design competence of aircraft and learning; spacecraft using systems engineering principles; (j) A knowledge of contemporary issues; B. Apply hands-on application of theory in laboratory, field experience (k) An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering and independent study opportunities involving teamwork and computational tools. exposure to modern engineering analytical and computational tools; Aerospace engineering students are encouraged to become active in the C. Utilize a comprehensive educational foundation that emphasizes student branch of the American Institute of Aeronautics and application based analysis and problem-solving, exposure to open- Astronautics, a national society organized for the advancement of ended problems and engineering while fostering teamwork, aerospace knowledge. Qualified students are invited to join the student communication skills, innovation, leadership, lifelong learning skills chapter of Sigma Gamma Tau, the national aerospace engineering honor and individual ethnical professionalism in graduate studies and society. careers in aerospace engineering. Students desiring to major in Aerospace Engineering should have a REQUIRED CORE COURSES particularly high aptitude for science and mathematics, and incoming Required of all students. A 2.0 cumulative GPA is required in core freshmen should have taken substantial college preparatory courses in courses for the major in order to receive a degree in the major. these disciplines in high school. Incoming transfer students should have completed at least one year of college calculus and one year of college Introduction to Aeronautics . ARO 101L (1) physics (with laboratory) prior to beginning the program at Cal Poly Introduction to Astronautics . ARO 102L (1) Pomona. The community college student planning to transfer into this Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion . ARO 103L (1) department should consult a school counselor or department to Fundamentals of Aeronautics . ARO 202L (1) determine which courses meet the program requirements. Fundamentals of Astronautics . ARO 203L (1) Fluid Dynamics . ARO 301 (4) The Student Outcomes at the time of graduation are: Low-Speed Aerodynamics and Performance . ARO 305 (4) 240 CAL POLY POMONA CATALOG 2011-2012 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Astronautics . ARO 309 (3) 2. Written Communication Gas Dynamics . ARO 311 (3) 3. Critical Thinking Aircraft Jet Propulsion . ARO 312 (4) Area B Mathematics and Natural Sciences (16 units) Aerospace Feedback Control Systems . ARO 322/L (3/1) 1. Physical Science Aerospace Structural Mechanics I . ARO 326/L (3/1) 2. Biological Science Aerospace Structural Mechanics II . ARO 327 (3) 3. Laboratory Activity Aerospace Structural Analysis and Design . ARO 329 (3) 4. Math/Quantitative Reasoning Fluid Dynamics/Heat Transfer Lab . ARO 351L (1) 5. Science and Technology Synthesis High-Speed Aerodynamics Lab . ARO 352L (1) Aerospace Structures Laboratory . ARO 357L (1) Area C Humanities (16 units) Heat, Mass and Moment Transfer . ARO 401 (4) 1. Visual and Performing Arts High-Speed Aerodynamics . ARO 404 (3) 2. Philosophy and Civilization Aircraft Stability and Control . ARO 405 (4) 3. Literature and Foreign Languages Advanced Dynamics and Vibrations 4. Humanities Synthesis of Aerospace Systems . ARO 406 (4) Area D Social Sciences (20 units) Low-Speed Aerodynamics Laboratory . ARO 435L (1) 1. U.S. History, Constitution, and American Ideals Senior Project . ARO 461 (2) 2. History, Economics, and Political Science Senior Project . ARO 462 (2) 3. Sociology, Anthropology, Ethnic, and Gender Studies Aerosciences . ARO 490L (1) 4. Social Science Synthesis Aerospace Vehicle Design Lab I . ARO 491L (2) Aerospace Vehicle Design Lab II . ARO 492L (2) Area E Lifelong Understanding and Self-development (4 units) Aerospace Vehicle Design Lab III . ARO 493L (2) Lifelong Understanding ELECTIVE CORE COURSES COURSE DESCRIPTIONS Approved Technical Electives . (12) ARO 101L Introduction to Aeronautics (1) History of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft development; characteristics of REQUIRED SUPPORT COURSES current aircraft. Contributions of aerospace engineering to society. Units The following major support courses should be used to satisfy the and dimensions, dimensionless coefficients. Forces, pressures, indicated GE requirements. If these courses are not used to satisfy GE, generation of lift. Wind tunnel test project. Radio-controlled aircraft the total units to degree may be more than 198 units. project. Aerospace structural materials. Preliminary aircraft sizing. 1 three-hour laboratory. Corequisite: MAT 114 Fundamentals of Systems Engineering . ARO 201L (1) CHE Thermodynamics I . CHE 302 (4) ARO 102L Introduction to Astronautics (1) or Thermodynamics I . ME 301 (4) General Chemistry . CHM 121 (3) History of missile, rocket, and spacecraft development; characteristics of General Chemistry Lab (B3) . CHM 121L (1) current launch vehicles and spacecraft. The role of the aerospace Elements of Electrical Engineering . ECE 231/L (3/1) engineer in industry, government, and the university. Launch Ethical Considerations in Technology performance, trajectories, and orbits. Solid-propelled rocket project. and Applied Science (C4) . EGR 402
Recommended publications
  • The Propulsion of Sea Ships – in the Past, Present and Future –
    The Propulsion of Sea Ships – in the Past, Present and Future – (Speech by Bernd Röder on the occasion of the VHT General Meeting on 11.12.2008) To prepare for today’s topic, more specifically for the topic: ship propulsion of the future, I did what every reasonable person would have done in my situation if he should have a look into the future – I dug out our VHT crystal ball. As you know, our crystal ball is a reliable and cost-efficient resource which we have been using for a long time with great suc- cess. Among other things, we’ve been using it to provide you with the repair costs or their duration or the probable claims experience of a policy, etc. or to create short-term damage statistics, as well. So, I asked the crystal ball: What does ship propulsion of the future look like? Every future and all statistics lie in the crystal ball I must, however, admit that what I saw there was somewhat irritating, and it led me to only the one conclusion – namely, that we’re taking a look into the very distant future at a time in which humanity has not only used up all of the oil reserves but also the entire wind. This time, we’re not really going to get any further with the crystal ball. Ship propulsion of the future or 'back to the roots'? But, sometimes it helps to have a look into the past to be able to say something about the fu- ture. According to the principle, draw a line connecting the distant past to today and simply extend it into the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Rocket Nozzles: 75 Years of Research and Development
    Sådhanå Ó (2021) 46:76 Indian Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-021-01584-6Sadhana(0123456789().,-volV)FT3](0123456789().,-volV) Rocket nozzles: 75 years of research and development SHIVANG KHARE1 and UJJWAL K SAHA2,* 1 Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] MS received 28 August 2020; revised 20 December 2020; accepted 28 January 2021 Abstract. The nozzle forms a large segment of the rocket engine structure, and as a whole, the performance of a rocket largely depends upon its aerodynamic design. The principal parameters in this context are the shape of the nozzle contour and the nozzle area expansion ratio. A careful shaping of the nozzle contour can lead to a high gain in its performance. As a consequence of intensive research, the design and the shape of rocket nozzles have undergone a series of development over the last several decades. The notable among them are conical, bell, plug, expansion-deflection and dual bell nozzles, besides the recently developed multi nozzle grid. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, no article has reviewed the entire group of nozzles in a systematic and comprehensive manner. This paper aims to review and bring all such development in one single frame. The article mainly focuses on the aerodynamic aspects of all the rocket nozzles developed till date and summarizes the major findings covering their design, development, utilization, benefits and limitations.
    [Show full text]
  • Propulsion and Flight Controls Integration for the Blended Wing Body Aircraft
    Cranfield University Naveed ur Rahman Propulsion and Flight Controls Integration for the Blended Wing Body Aircraft School of Engineering PhD Thesis Cranfield University Department of Aerospace Sciences School of Engineering PhD Thesis Academic Year 2008-09 Naveed ur Rahman Propulsion and Flight Controls Integration for the Blended Wing Body Aircraft Supervisor: Dr James F. Whidborne May 2009 c Cranfield University 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner. Abstract The Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft offers a number of aerodynamic perfor- mance advantages when compared with conventional configurations. However, while operating at low airspeeds with nominal static margins, the controls on the BWB aircraft begin to saturate and the dynamic performance gets sluggish. Augmenta- tion of aerodynamic controls with the propulsion system is therefore considered in this research. Two aspects were of interest, namely thrust vectoring (TVC) and flap blowing. An aerodynamic model for the BWB aircraft with blown flap effects was formulated using empirical and vortex lattice methods and then integrated with a three spool Trent 500 turbofan engine model. The objectives were to estimate the effect of vectored thrust and engine bleed on its performance and to ascertain the corresponding gains in aerodynamic control effectiveness. To enhance control effectiveness, both internally and external blown flaps were sim- ulated. For a full span internally blown flap (IBF) arrangement using IPC flow, the amount of bleed mass flow and consequently the achievable blowing coefficients are limited. For IBF, the pitch control effectiveness was shown to increase by 18% at low airspeeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Spacecraft Propulsion
    SPACECRAFT PROPULSION WITH THRUST AND PRECISION INTO SPACE SPACECRAFT PROPULSION THRUST AND PRECISION INTO SPACE ArianeGroup is a market leader in spacecraft propulsion systems and equipment. Since over 50 years, customers worldwide benefit from a competitive portfolio of high quality products and services. We cover the complete range of products and services related to orbital propulsion, from chemical monopropellant systems for smaller satellites to chemical bipropellant systems for larger platforms and completed with the electric propulsion portfolio based on the RIT technology. At ArianeGroup, customers have a single point of contact for the complete propulsion system at all phases of the value chain. From system design up to after-launch services. All key equipment of ArianeGroup propulsion systems (thrusters, propellant tanks and fluidic equipment) are produced in-house. 2 ALL ABOUT PRECISION With our orbital propulsion thrusters and engines our customers can be ensured that their mission requirements related to propulsion will be fulfilled with accurate precision. Our biggest orbital propulsion thruster, the 400N apogee engine, has placed hundreds of satellites in its final orbit With micro precision the RIT µX thruster brings space missions to the exact orbit 2 3 SPACECRAFT PROPULSION ELECTRIC PROPULSION Radio frequency ion propulsion for orbit raising, station keeping and deep space missions ArianeGroup’s electric space propulsion expertise is based on the space proven Radio Frequency Ion Technology (RIT). Within this field, we produce complete propulsion systems, modules, thrusters and related components. This technology features numerous advantages like high specific impulse therefore maximum propellant saving. Low system complexity is another strength of the RIT Technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Gray Classics on the Biomechanics of Animal Movement
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Harvard University - DASH Three Gray Classics on the Biomechanics of Animal Movement The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Lauder, G. V., Eric Tytell. 2004. Three Gray Classics on the Biomechanics of Animal Movement. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, no. 10: 1597–1599. doi:10.1242/jeb.00921. Published Version doi:10.1242/jeb.00921 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30510313 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA JEB Classics 1597 THREE GRAY CLASSICS locomotor kinematics, muscle dynamics, JEB Classics is an occasional ON THE BIOMECHANICS and computational fluid dynamic column, featuring historic analyses of animals moving through publications from The Journal of OF ANIMAL MOVEMENT water. Virtually every recent textbook in Experimental Biology. These the field either reproduces one of Gray’s articles, written by modern experts figures directly or includes illustrations in the field, discuss each classic that derive their inspiration from his paper’s impact on the field of figures (e.g. Alexander, 2003; Biewener, biology and their own work. A 2003). PDF of the original paper accompanies each article, and can be found on the journal’s In his 1933a paper, Gray aimed to website as supplemental data.
    [Show full text]
  • GE Marine Gas Turbine Propulsion for Frigates
    GE Marine Gas Turbines for Frigates March 2018 GE’s Marine Solutions One Neumann Way MD S156 Cincinnati, Ohio USA 45215 www.ge.com/marine GE Marine Gas Turbines for Frigates Introduction The important role of a frigate is to escort and protect other high value fleet and merchant ships the world over. Frigates operate independently and possess sufficient capabilities (i.e. anti-submarine, anti-ship and anti-air) to provide missions in maritime and wartime environments. With GE being the market leader in the supply of marine propulsion gas turbines and seeing the proliferation in the demand for frigates, we wanted to know how our gas turbines and product roadmap compared to the needs of frigates. Before we could answer that question, we needed to answer the following two questions: 1. What are propulsion trends for frigates? 2. What are key attributes or requirements, and how do they translate to gas turbine propulsion characteristics? The key attributes of a frigate were taken from the July 2017 United States Navy Future Guided Missile Frigate (FFG(X)) Request for Information (RFI). It is anticipated the attributes would be common to many of the world’s frigates. Frigate Propulsion Trends and GE LM2500 Family Gas Turbine Suitability GE performed an analysis of all the frigates built since 1960 excluding certain countries such as Russia and China. Classification of a ship as a frigate is a gray area as there is blending of smaller corvettes and larger destroyers. For this analysis, we used the Wikipedia listing of frigates. All of the following ship data was obtained from public information such as Wikipedia and IHS Jane’s Fighting Ships.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander 2013 Principles-Of-Animal-Locomotion.Pdf
    .................................................... Principles of Animal Locomotion Principles of Animal Locomotion ..................................................... R. McNeill Alexander PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2003 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Second printing, and first paperback printing, 2006 Paperback ISBN-13: 978-0-691-12634-0 Paperback ISBN-10: 0-691-12634-8 The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition of this book as follows Alexander, R. McNeill. Principles of animal locomotion / R. McNeill Alexander. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-691-08678-8 (alk. paper) 1. Animal locomotion. I. Title. QP301.A2963 2002 591.47′9—dc21 2002016904 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Galliard and Bulmer Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ pup.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 1098765432 Contents ............................................................... PREFACE ix Chapter 1. The Best Way to Travel 1 1.1. Fitness 1 1.2. Speed 2 1.3. Acceleration and Maneuverability 2 1.4. Endurance 4 1.5. Economy of Energy 7 1.6. Stability 8 1.7. Compromises 9 1.8. Constraints 9 1.9. Optimization Theory 10 1.10. Gaits 12 Chapter 2. Muscle, the Motor 15 2.1. How Muscles Exert Force 15 2.2. Shortening and Lengthening Muscle 22 2.3. Power Output of Muscles 26 2.4. Pennation Patterns and Moment Arms 28 2.5. Power Consumption 31 2.6. Some Other Types of Muscle 34 Chapter 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Flight Dynamics, 2Nd Edition Craig A
    To purchase this product, please visit https://www.wiley.com/en-az/9781119157823 Space Flight Dynamics, 2nd Edition Craig A. Kluever E-Book 978-1-119-15784-7 March 2018 €83.99 Hardcover 978-1-119-15782-3 March 2018 €93.30 DESCRIPTION Thorough coverage of space flight topics with self-contained chapters serving a variety of courses in orbital mechanics, spacecraft dynamics, and astronautics This concise yet comprehensive book on space flight dynamics addresses all phases of a space mission: getting to space (launch trajectories), satellite motion in space (orbital motion, orbit transfers, attitude dynamics), and returning from space (entry flight mechanics). It focuses on orbital mechanics with emphasis on two-body motion, orbit determination, and orbital maneuvers with applications in Earth-centered missions and interplanetary missions. Space Flight Dynamics presents wide-ranging information on a host of topics not always covered in competing books. It discusses relative motion, entry flight mechanics, low-thrust transfers, rocket propulsion fundamentals, attitude dynamics, and attitude control. The book is filled with illustrated concepts and real-world examples drawn from the space industry. Additionally, the book includes a “computational toolbox” composed of MATLAB M-files for performing space mission analysis. Key features: • Provides practical, real-world examples illustrating key concepts throughout the book • Accompanied by a website containing MATLAB M-files for conducting space mission analysis • Presents numerous space flight topics absent in competing titles Space Flight Dynamics is a welcome addition to the field, ideally suited for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students studying aerospace engineering. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Craig A. Kluever is C.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions Between Flight Dynamics and Propulsion Systems of Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicles
    Interactions between Flight Dynamics and Propulsion Systems of Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicles by Derek J. Dalle A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Aerospace Engineering) in the University of Michigan 2013 Doctoral Committee: Professor James F. Driscoll, Chair Michael A. Bolender, Air Force Research Laboratory Associate Professor Joaquim R. R. A. Martins Assistant Professor David J. Singer ©Derek J. Dalle 2013 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to Sara Spangelo, who showed me that graduate school is more than fun, games, doing re- search, and writing papers. Among other things, it was also a lot of running, eating, running, and making pretty graph- ics. She also strongly recommended that I dedicate this dis- sertation to her. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank Professor Driscoll for guiding me through the Ph.D. program and being a great advisor. My experience here was about as close to perfect as I could hope to expect, and Jim is more responsible for that than anyone else. My colleague Dr. Sean M. Torrez, who was also a Ph.D. student of Professor Driscoll, was essential in the creation of the MASIV and MASTrim models. Also, we made a very good team. I would also like to thank my committee for their support and work in reviewing my thesis. This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Air Vehicles Directorate grant FA 8650-07-2-3744 for the Michigan/AFRL Collaborative Center in Control Sciences. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ....................................... ii Acknowledgments ................................... iii List of Figures ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Aerospace Engineering 1
    Department of Aerospace Engineering 1 7. An ability to communicate effectively Department of 8. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and Aerospace Engineering societal context 9. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long Aerospace Engineering learning 10. A knowledge of contemporary issues The aerospace engineering discipline involves the design, production, 11. An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools operation, and support of aircraft and spacecraft. Aerospace engineers necessary for engineering practice solve problems, design aircraft and spacecraft, conduct research, and improve processes for the aerospace industry. Undergraduate Programs Mission The curriculum includes traditional courses in aerodynamics, KUAE fosters a world-class community of choice for students, flight dynamics and control, propulsion, structures, manufacturing, educators, researchers and industry partners by strategically aligning instrumentation, and spacecraft systems. Capstone design courses are our teaching, research and service missions to prepare students for offered in aircraft, propulsion, and spacecraft design. successful professional careers by providing them with foundational The Bachelor of Science degree in aerospace engineering is accredited knowledge in and experience with aerospace engineering disciplines by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, http:// and interdisciplinary systems integration, while advancing the state-of- www.abet.org. the-art. A world-class graduate and undergraduate education focused on designing, simulating, building, testing, and flying aerospace vehicles is provided. The department invests in research infrastructure and Graduate Programs chooses outstanding students, faculty, and staff to conduct basic and The Department of Aerospace Engineering offers traditional Master of applied research of relevance to aerospace vehicles and systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Propulsion Technology for Small Spacecraft
    Space Propulsion Technology for Small Spacecraft The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Krejci, David, and Paulo Lozano. “Space Propulsion Technology for Small Spacecraft.” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 106, no. 3, Mar. 2018, pp. 362–78. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2017.2778747 Publisher Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114401 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ PROCC. OF THE IEEE, VOL. 106, NO. 3, MARCH 2018 362 Space Propulsion Technology for Small Spacecraft David Krejci and Paulo Lozano Abstract—As small satellites become more popular and capa- While designations for different satellite classes have been ble, strategies to provide in-space propulsion increase in impor- somehow ambiguous, a system mass based characterization tance. Applications range from orbital changes and maintenance, approach will be used in this work, in which the term ’Small attitude control and desaturation of reaction wheels to drag com- satellites’ will refer to satellites with total masses below pensation and de-orbit at spacecraft end-of-life. Space propulsion 500kg, with ’Nanosatellites’ for systems ranging from 1- can be enabled by chemical or electric means, each having 10kg, ’Picosatellites’ with masses between 0.1-1kg and ’Fem- different performance and scalability properties. The purpose tosatellites’ for spacecrafts below 0.1kg. In this category, the of this review is to describe the working principles of space popular Cubesat standard [13] will therefore be characterized propulsion technologies proposed so far for small spacecraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Materials for Liquid Propulsion Systems
    CHAPTER 12 Materials for Liquid Propulsion Systems John A. Halchak Consultant, Los Angeles, California James L. Cannon NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama Corey Brown Aerojet-Rocketdyne, West Palm Beach, Florida 12.1 Introduction Earth to orbit launch vehicles are propelled by rocket engines and motors, both liquid and solid. This chapter will discuss liquid engines. The heart of a launch vehicle is its engine. The remainder of the vehicle (with the notable exceptions of the payload and guidance system) is an aero structure to support the propellant tanks which provide the fuel and oxidizer to feed the engine or engines. The basic principle behind a rocket engine is straightforward. The engine is a means to convert potential thermochemical energy of one or more propellants into exhaust jet kinetic energy. Fuel and oxidizer are burned in a combustion chamber where they create hot gases under high pressure. These hot gases are allowed to expand through a nozzle. The molecules of hot gas are first constricted by the throat of the nozzle (de-Laval nozzle) which forces them to accelerate; then as the nozzle flares outwards, they expand and further accelerate. It is the mass of the combustion gases times their velocity, reacting against the walls of the combustion chamber and nozzle, which produce thrust according to Newton’s third law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. [1] Solid rocket motors are cheaper to manufacture and offer good values for their cost. Liquid propellant engines offer higher performance, that is, they deliver greater thrust per unit weight of propellant burned.
    [Show full text]