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JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON (JBER)
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN
673D AIR BASE WING JBER AK 99506 10 October 2018
OPR: CEOIE
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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS, JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON, ALASKA
MEMORANDUM FOR: SEE DISTRIBUTION ANNEX-Z
FROM: 673 ABW/XP
SUBJECT: Letter of Transmittal - Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP)
1. This is the Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP). The IPMP, as part of the Integrated Natural Resources Plan, describes and implements pest control on JBER. It supersedes the JBER IPMP, 15 August 2016 and is in effect for planning and implementation upon receipt. All units stationed at JBER encounter various pests. It is necessary to prevent the abundance of these pests and have resources available to control them
2. This plan provides a summary of pest problems and control measures at JBER. The primary goal of the pest management program is to protect the health and morale of all residents and employees.
3. JBER IPMP was coordinated with all JBER based organizations.
4. The Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) for this plan is the 773d CES Pest Management section, 773 CES/CEOIE. Direct questions/comments to 773 CES/CEOIE, DSN 552-2381.
MICHAEL L. MARTENS, GS-13, DAF Director, JBER Plans and Programs
Attachment: 1. JBER Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP)
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JBER IPMP SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS/RECORD OF CHANGES
1. The long title of this plan is Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP). The short title is JBER IPMP.
2. This plan is unclassified.
3. The Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) for this plan is the 773d Civil Engineering Squadron Pest Management Shop (773 CES/CEOIE).
4. This plan replaces the JBER IPMP, 7 September 2017.
5. This document may be reproduced in whole or in part as required for the preparation of supporting documents, checklists, briefing aids, etc.
RECORD OF CHANGES AND ANNUAL REVIEW
Change Number / Annual Review Date Date Posted Initials 10 October 2018 10 October 2018 DP
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JBER IPMP PLAN SUMMARY
MEMORANDUM FOR See Task Organization, Annex A
1. PURPOSE. This plan, as part of the Integrated Natural Resources Plan describes and implements pest control on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER). It outlines and describes specific actions to be accomplished on various pests that may be encountered on JBER. It identifies specific implementation procedures to prevent and control pests on the installation.
2. CONDITIONS OF EXECUTION. Procedures in this plan will be used to comply with state and federal regulations, Department of Defense Instructions, and Air Force Instructions.
3. OPERATIONS TO BE CONDUCTED. This plan establishes procedures for effective pest control while protecting the environment, minimizing chemical use and maintaining cost- effectiveness. The cooperation of all base personnel is essential to a successful, truly integrated, pest control operation.
4. REVIEW. IAW DODI 4150.07, DoD Pest Management Program, and AFI 32-1053, Integrated Pest Management Program, this plan will be updated at least annually to address emergent mission changes and formally staffed every five years to ensure it remains current for integrated pest management practices. Recommendations for improving the IPMP should be provided to 773 CES/CEOIE. This plan will be updated annually and formally staffed every five years.
5. OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS. None.
6. OPERATIONS SECURITY (OPSEC). This plan is not classified and has no restrictions on release.
7. COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS. The overall responsibility for this plan rests with the 673 ABW/CC as the JBER host installation commander. This plan applies to all organizations/entities on JBER.
8. LOGISTICS APPRAISAL. Normal.
9. LIMITING FACTORS. None.
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JBER IPMP TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE
SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS ...... i PLAN SUMMARY ...... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... iii BASIC PLAN ...... 1
ANNEX A - TASK ORGANIZATION ...... A-1
ANNEX X - IPM OUTLINES...... X-1 Appendix 1. Pest Management Outlines...... X-1-1 Tab A - Ants...... X-1-A-1 Tab B - Bed Bugs...... X-1-B-1 Tab C - Bees, Wasps, and Hornets ...... X-1-C-1 Tab D - Broadleaf Weeds ...... X-1-D-1 Tab E - Cockroaches ...... X-1-E-1 Tab F - Grasshoppers ...... X-1-F-1 Tab G - Mice ...... X-1-G-1 Tab H - Mosquitoes ...... X-1-H-1 Tab I - Noxious/Invasive Weeds...... X-1-I-1 Tab J - Silverfish and Firebrats ...... X-1-J-1 Appendix 2. Moose Run Golf Course...... X-2-1 Appendix 3. JBER Pesticides ...... X-3-1 Tab A - Pesticide Spill Plan ...... X-3-A-1 Appendix 4. Shop Equipment ...... X-4-1 Appendix 5. Supply Sources...... X-5-1 Appendix 6. Permits...... X-6-1 Appendix 7. Historical Sites ...... X-7-1 Appendix 8. Installation Map ...... X-8-1 Appendix 9. Statement of Need ...... X-9-1 Tab A - JBER Mosquito Surveillance Data...... X-9-A-1 Tab B – JBER Boundary Map ...... X-9-B-1 Tab C - VectoBac Label ...... X-9-C-1 Tab D - APDES Requirements ...... X-9-D-1 Appendix 10. Thresholds ...... X-10-1 Appendix 11. Aircraft Disinsection……………………………………………………. X-11-1 Appendix 12. Integrated Pest Management Program Review………………………….X-12-1
ANNEX Z - DISTRIBUTION...... Z-1
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JBER IPMP BASIC PLAN
REFERENCES:
DoDI 4150.07 (Pest Management) AFIs 32-1053 (Pest Management) 32-1074 (Aerial Dispersal) 32-7064 (Natural Resources) 91-202 and 91-203 (Safety)
TASK ORGANIZATION: See Annex A.
1. SITUATION.
a. Background. The Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) is essential to prevent pest and disease vectors from adversely affecting military operations in peacetime and during contingency operations. The USAF, IAW AFI 32-1053, has directed JBER to develop an IPMP. This plan is a comprehensive tool to plan and implement pest control management, organizational responsibilities and measures to protect the mission and health and morale of all residents and employees.
b. Geography. JBER encompasses approximately 74,519 acres of government-owned land. The base’s airfield elevation is 213 feet above sea level. JBER experiences varied climatic conditions as a result of latitude, marine influences and surrounding mountain ranges. Spring temperatures range from 16 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Summer brings the greatest amount of rainfall for the year and temperatures normally range from 49 to 63 degrees F. Winter low temperatures can reach -30 degrees F. Snowfall generally occurs by mid-October and lasts until mid to late April with a monthly average of 11 inches.
c. Friendly Forces. Tasked organizations and all JBER units, organizations, and tenants are considered friendly forces (see Annex A).
2. MISSION. All JBER units, organizations, and personnel will follow the JBER IPMP guidance and control measures to protect the mission, the health and morale of all residents and employees, and ensures compliance with applicable regulations.
3. EXECUTION.
a. Concept of Operations.
(1) JBER will comply with all federal and state regulations, DoD and USAF instructions. JBER is responsible for the development and implementation of the IPMP as a tool to plan and
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implement pest control management, organizational responsibilities and measures to protect the mission and health and morale of all residents and employees.
(2) To have a successful IPMP, there must be participation from all JBER units, organizations, and tenants. The 673 CEG has the primary responsibility for developing, implementing, and integrating a pest management plan for JBER.
b. Tasks. For this plan, tasks/task organization, are identified in order of pest management priority in the IPM Outlines in Annex X. These tasks are applicable to all tenants of JBER.
c. Priority of Pest Management Work. Note: For specific information on control operations, refer to Annex X.
(1) Public Health Pests. Pests that have the potential to spread disease are considered a top priority in planning pest control activities. Fortunately, JBER does not currently have any significant pest-related disease problems. Potential disease vectors include mosquitoes, mice and bats.
(a) Mosquitos. Mosquito Species. Culiseta alaskaensis, Aedes excrucians and Aedes punctor. There are currently no mosquito-borne diseases in the area, but present species can transmit Orthbunyaviriuses, Snowshoe Hair Virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, Northway virus, and Klamath virus. Large numbers of mosquitoes can interfere with duty performance for those working outside, training on bivouac sites, ranges and greatly diminish the value of recreational areas on base.
1. . Surveillance. Mosquito surveillance is conducted for adults and larva. Public Health personnel conduct adult mosquito light trapping, sometimes using a carbon dioxide attractant. Larvae surveys are primarily conducted by the Pest Management Shop, as well as assessing adult resting areas. Chemical treatment is not initiated without first surveying for mosquitoes and determining that treatment is justified. Population thresholds are coordinated between the Public Health office and Pest Management Shop. Thresholds for adult mosquito control established by Public Health are based on disease transmission potential, but control also may be needed due to extremely high numbers of mosquitoes that can hinder mission accomplishment and morale, even though they are essentially a “nuisance” problem.
2. Control. The primary focus of mosquito control is in eliminating breeding sources and controlling mosquito larvae. After the female mosquito obtains a blood meal (male mosquitoes do not bite), she lays her eggs directly on the surface of stagnant water, in a depression, or on the edge of a container where rainwater may collect and flood the eggs. The eggs hatch and a mosquito larva or "wriggler" emerges. The larva lives in the water, feeds and develops into the third stage of the life cycle called a pupa or "tumbler". The pupa also lives in the water, but no longer feeds. Finally, the mosquito emerges from the pupal case and the water as a fully developed adult, ready to bite. Controlling mosquitoes in the larvae stage is far more efficient and has less impact on the environment than control of adults. Adult mosquito control
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still is necessary, however, due to the inability to control ALL larvae and issues with adults flying in from off base.
3 Habitat Reduction. In order to reduce breeding sites, base personnel will be encouraged to eliminate any mosquito breeding sources near their facility or residence.
4 Larvaciding. Because there is a large amount of water on base that cannot be eliminated, including more than 7,400 acres of wetlands, an extensive larvaciding campaign is needed. Potential mosquito breeding sites include swamp-like areas scattered throughout the base, drainage ditches and woodland pools. Bacillus thuringiensis Israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki (Btk) are the primary means to control mosquito larvae. These products are safe for the environment and very effective. In order to apply ANY pesticides to water in the State of Alaska a state pesticide use permit and NPDES must be obtained. These are found in attached permits.
5 Predator Protection. Our mosquito control program seeks to protect predators of mosquitoes. Using very selective larvacides preserves natural aquatic predators such as dragonflies, snails and salmonids. Bats and swallows are excellent predators and serve to reduce the adult mosquito population on base. These animals will be left undisturbed or moved to an acceptable location if they become pests. All shop personnel attempt to educate our customers on the beneficial aspects of these predators.
6 Non-chemical Adult Mosquito Control. Non-chemical control measures include screening, avoidance and PPE. Keeping grass mowed is useful in reducing the numbers of mosquitoes in a specific area.
7 Adulticides. Chemical control of adult mosquitoes will be accomplished when necessary using both resting area and space treatments. Fogging is accomplished only as needed, and in consultation with Public Health. Scheduled fogging is ineffective because adults must be present when adulticides are applied.
(b) Ticks and Fleas. Ticks and fleas are not normally found in Alaska, but any cases where they are found (brought in from outside the state) will be handled aggressively to prevent any establishment of these pests in the relatively mild climate of JBER.
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1. . Survey. The primary means of tick control is to treat the host—usually a dog. In addition, Pest Management will survey any suspected harborage areas using tick drags and CO2 traps.
2. . Control. Fleas have not been a significant problem at JBER, although individual cases could be quite severe. Non-chemical flea control will be stressed to customers, including vacuuming, flea-combs and regular washing of pets. Methoprene aerosol (Precor+) will be used for flea control as needed. As with ticks, the pet must be treated by the owner in conjunction with our treatment.
(c) Small Rodents. Mice have not been directly associated with disease transmission at JBER, although the potential exists. House mice, voles and shrews all are present in fairly large numbers especially in food handling establishments. JBER is authorized to lethally trap small mammals outlined in a Public Safety Permit.
1. . Responsibilities. Presence of rodents in a facility is almost always a sign of improper sanitation and/or facility maintenance. Facility managers are responsible for ensuring the condition of their buildings do not encourage or support rodent populations by ensuring they do not provide food, water or shelter. They are also responsible for surveying areas on a continual basis for any signs of rodents and reporting issues immediately to Pest Management.
2. . Control. Control will be provided through harborage reduction (see “Responsibilities” above) along with exclusion, trapping and rodenticides.
3. . Rodent proofing (exclusion). All openings larger than 1/4” should be sealed to exclude mice. Check doors, windows and especially areas around foundations. Pest Management can assist with sealing small holes with copper mesh. Larger holes are referred to the Structures shop for repair.
4. Trapping. Trapping is our basic method of direct mouse control. Glue boards, snap traps, multiple-catch mechanical and electronic traps are used as needed.
5. . Rodenticides. Rodenticides are used on a very limited basis. They will be used only where other methods have not provided satisfactory results and then only in areas completely inaccessible to children and pets.
(d) Wasps, Bees and Hornets. Yellow jackets are the primary pests, although bumblebees, honeybees and hornets are occasionally found. Soapy water sprayed into the nest at night or early morning is the primary means of control for these pests. If this is not feasible, Delta Dust, Temprid SC , or WaspFreeze will be used, depending on the situation. We also use yellow jacket traps near parks and playgrounds in the spring to capture queens and prevent problems later in the summer. Bumblebees and honeybees are not generally pests and will only be controlled where absolutely necessary. Swarms of honeybees are rarely found, but will be referred to a beekeeper for removal if necessary.
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(2) Pests Found in and Around Buildings. General Household and Nuisance Pests. Household pests include cockroaches, flies, crickets, spiders and a multitude of other critters. In addition to the basic sanitation and exclusion methods outlined above, the following specific measures can be taken for these pests:
(a) Ants. Maxforce ant bait gel is used extensively by the Pest Management Shop for ant control.
(b) Flies. Fly control in dining facilities, hospitals and child care facilities will be accomplished using electronic light traps if necessary. Steam cleaning dumpsters also is an effective tool for fly control. For most facilities, including housing, proper sanitation and exclusion should provide effective fly control.
(c) Cockroaches. Cockroaches are rare, but when they occur they often do so in very large numbers (usually in billeting facilities). Cockroach harborage will be reduced through caulking and sealing cracks and crevices where they may be hiding. If chemical treatment is required, it will be accomplished using one or more of the following: Maxforce bait (bait stations or gel), Gentrol Point Source devices, Perma-Dust (boric acid) and Tempo. Other potential locations for cockroach infestations are dining facilities/clubs, barracks and dorms. There are no on-going issues with cockroaches and any that are found are dealt with immediately with the goal to achieve 100% control.
(d) Bed bugs. Bed bug infestations on base are fairly common. Any area could be affected, but the biggest potential problem areas are billeting, dormitories and barracks. All billeting housekeeping personnel have been trained on basic survey techniques to incorporate into their normal duties. Treatment is accomplished using a combination of heat treatments and chemical applications. We can also contract for a trained bed-bug dog to assist with surveillance when necessary.
(e) Stored Product Pests. Very few problems with stored product pests have been identified by either Public Health or Pest Management. Control measures are used in isolated cases, usually the result of the pest coming in with a housing move. Normally, removal of the contaminated product and freezing or removal of other items that could have become infested (in the home) is sufficient to provide control.
Note: The Public Health office ensures stored food products are inspected and rotated.
(3) Structural Pests.
(a) Termites. There are currently no issues with termites in Alaska and no routine inspections are required.
(4) Noxious or Invasive Plants and Animals.
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(a) Invasive and Noxious Weeds. Invasive weeds are relatively new to Alaska. Many of the invasive species problems on base are relatively small and local eradication is still possible. Among the species identified on base, seven are listed as highly invasive by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program and eight are listed on the State of Alaska Prohibited and Restricted Noxious Weed list. Integrated weed management is the best method to establish control and pesticides will be used, as needed, as part of this program. If left unchecked, the problem will increase exponentially.
(b) Gypsy Moth.
1. Background. Gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) are native to Southern Europe, northern Africa, central and southern Asia and Japan. The European strain has been introduced to eastern North America and is spreading south and west. The Asian strain has been discovered in the U.S. and Canada recently, and a single male moth was found in a Fairbanks campground in 2006.
2. . Potential in Alaska. Tree species that would be impacted by a gypsy moth outbreak include alder, birch, aspen, poplar, willow, hemlock, larch and fir.
3. . Management. In Alaska, a cooperative monitoring program is in effect to survey several locations in the state each year. The gypsy moth monitoring program is a joint effort between the U.S. Forest Service and the Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service. JBER will cooperate in this effort as needed.
(c) Norway Rats.
1. . Current Status. There are no known problems with Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) on JBER or in Anchorage, but there are known populations of the pest in several Alaska cities, including Fairbanks.
2. Any instance of Norway Rats on base will be treated aggressively using integrated pest management tools with the goal of 100% eradication.
(5) Other Undesirable Vegetation.
(a) Turf. Weeds in turf are controlled to allow the grass to successfully compete with the very aggressive weeds present on base. The primary means of weed control in turf is use of good turf management practices to encourage vigorous turf grass that can successfully compete with weeds. Herbicide treatment, if needed, will only be used as part of an overall turf management program.
1. . Survey. Surveys of turf grass will be accomplished in the spring to determine if chemical weed control is warranted and to recommend changes in turf care, if needed. The
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first defense against weeds should always be maintaining healthy turf. This includes proper mowing, watering and establishment of a reasonable threshold level for weed control.
2. . Chemical Control. In high visibility, high maintenance areas, herbicide use will be considered if weeds are present in over 30% of the turf area. Proper timing of herbicide application is essential to ensure maximum weed control with the minimum rates of chemical use.
3. Bare ground. Use of soil sterilants is kept to a minimum. They are used primarily where long-term weed control is needed for safety or security reasons. These include areas around security fences and in fuels storage areas. For most other “bare ground” type jobs we use Roundup (glyphosate) tank-mixed with a preemergent herbicide. This alternative minimizes long term problems associated with high rates of soil sterilants. For large areas with only spotty weed growth, we use the WeedSeeker spraying system. The WeedSeeker applies chemicals only where weeds are growing, allowing one applicator to quickly cover large areas. This method drastically reduces the amount of chemical used, with proportionate reductions in drift and runoff. (b) Aquatic Weeds. Aquatic weeds are an emerging problem in Alaska. The biggest issue is elodea in lakes. The primary means of spread is through floatplanes. Six Mile Lake and Otter Lake will be monitored for this and other weeds. Elodea particularly is monitored with eDNA technology.
(6) Golf Course. Pest problems on the golf course include ground squirrels, rabbits, mosquitoes, gnats, flies, mice, birds, various fungal diseases and weeds. Weed control is accomplished primarily by natural organic practices such as mulching with mowers, cultivation with tillers and planting grasses and trees that will successfully compete with weeds. Herbicides are still required, but on a limited basis. Fungicides are required on golf greens to control snow mold.
(a) Golf course personnel currently rely on the Pest Management Shop for electronically recording pesticide applications.
(b) Golf course personnel should coordinate with the Pest Management Shop for all issues regarding pesticide use, including pesticide approvals and environmental issues.
(7) Quarantine and Regulated Pests. Other than noxious weeds addressed in 1.6.4 there are no quarantine or regulated pests on JBER.
(8) Ornamental and Turf Pests.
(a) General. Trees and shrubs at JBER are subject to attack by various insects and diseases. Although few of these normally cause fatal injury to plants, they do cause significant stress as well as detracting greatly from base appearance. The problem is compounded by the fact that trees in this area are also stressed by such factors as winter burn. Ideally, trees that
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experience significant insect or disease problems would be removed and replaced with other species of trees. To help combat insect and disease problems, good plant health care practices need to be established to maintain tree vigor and increase hardiness and resistance to various pests. Pesticides are used only when absolutely necessary, since they may ultimately make problems worse by killing large numbers of natural predators of the pests they seek to control.
(b) Proper planting, watering, fertilization and pruning are all key components to helping trees avoid or overcome pest problems. In addition, the following specific measures can be taken for these pests:
(c) Aphids. Aphids usually are identified when a facility manager complains that their tree is “too sappy". Several species of aphids are found. Aphids are controlled with nonchemical means whenever possible. This includes avoidance of over fertilization (of trees or lawns) and frequent washing of smaller trees. If needed, insecticidal soap or Tempo (cyflurin) is used to control severe outbreaks that don’t respond to other treatments. Aphids can also be controlled using Imidacloprid (Pointer) injected into the cambial layer of the tree. The insecticide moves into the leaves, where it kills insects feeding on the leaf, but has little effect on non-target organisms.
(d) Sawflies. The larch sawflies pupation occurs in the spring and the adults emerge from May through July. The larvae live, move, and feed in groups upon tufts of needles. Trees recover quickly after infestation, but repeated infestations can result in branch mortality and a significant growth loss. Larch growing on sites that have been defoliated for consecutive years may die. A high-pressure water spray will dislodge many larvae from the needles, but will need to be repeated fairly frequently during the season. Care should be taken to avoid injuring the roots, either mechanically or through soil compaction. Soil should neither be placed on top of nor removed from the area beneath the crown of the tree. In order to avoid moisture stress, adequate water should be provided to the trees throughout the growing season. Spring fertilization also helps to promote tree vigor and to minimize the effect that defoliators such as sawflies might have on a tree. Handpicking of the larvae from small trees is also effective. If chemical control is needed, it is accomplished using Cyflurin or insecticidal soap.
1. Yellowheaded spruce sawflies (Pikonema alaskensis). Sawfly larvae feed heavily on spruce trees in June and July; eating first the new growth and then older needles. Repeated defoliation by this pest can cause tree death in two to three years. Intensive surveys will be done starting in June by 773d CES Pest Management Shop, especially on those ornamental trees damaged in previous years. Only during severe infestations will pest control occur in forested areas due to beneficial effects from canopy thinning. Large scale control will be
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accomplished primarily with Tempo WP, since the timing of sawfly attacks makes it harmful to use horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps due to new, succulent growth on the spruce trees.
2. Alder Woolly Sawflies and European Green Sawfly. The green alder sawfly is the first of the three sawflies to emerge in the spring. Egg-laying is in progress in mid-May, at approximately 60°F, when the alder leaves are just beginning to flush. Alder woolly sawfly adults emerge from mid to late June. Egg deposition for green alder sawflies is on the upper leaf surface, alder woolly sawflies egg deposition is on the underside of the leaf along and into the midrib. Upon hatching, green alder sawfly larvae migrate to the lower leaf surface. Both species feed openly on the leaves, consuming (in most cases) all the soft leaf tissue, leaving behind only the leaf veins and midrib. The damage to the host alders due to sawfly feeding is quite obvious. Early in the season, as active feeding begins, numerous small holes appear in the leaves as the small larvae feed. This results in a characteristic “shotgun” appearance. In time, these small feeding voids coalesce into larger holes. Ultimately, the larvae consume all the soft tissue. Alder mortality has been observed, in other defoliator outbreaks, after five or more consecutive seasons of severe defoliation. If chemical control is needed, it is accomplished using Cyflurin or insecticidal soap.
(e) Geometrid moths. Bruce spanworm moth and Bruce spanworm caterpillar: These moths and caterpillars attack a wide variety of tree and shrub species. Specifically, willow, birch and high elevation shrubs have been especially affected. On occasion, berry crops, including salmonberry and blueberry, as well as alder have been damaged. The Bruce spanworm and the autumnal moth both have wide host ranges and are known to infest these species. Caterpillars are found as early as the middle of May, when they began to chew on the opening buds and expanding leaves. Most defoliation occurs early and is completed by the end of June. The adult Bruce spanworm and autumnal moths will again emerge beginning in August and continue emerging until November. During this period, the wingless females will be fertilized and lay egg masses on the twigs and branches that will once again give birth to a caterpillar explosion during the spring. To help ensure that defoliated trees do not succumb, good growing conditions need to be maintained, where possible. Adequate water and protection from other insects and diseases that are attracted to stressed trees should be considered. If chemical control is needed, it is accomplished using Cyflurin or insecticidal soap.
(9) Vertebrates. All vertebrate pest control will be coordinated with the 673d CES Environmental flight and the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services office.
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(a) Birds. Various birds become pests at JBER. These include seagulls and various migratory birds that pose a bird- aircraft strike hazard (BASH). Other bird pests include pigeons, ravens and swallows. All control actions for birds must be in compliance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and any other applicable state and federal laws.
1. BASH. To minimize BASH problems airfield management and flight safety personnel use various frightening devices (primarily propane cannons) to clear birds from the runway. They also use scare cartridges and distress tapes for this purpose. Depredation will be used only when other methods fail and in accordance with permits. Airfield grass is maintained within BASH standards to reduce the attractiveness of the area to birds. If necessary, we will use Cyflurin or Bifenthrin to reduce insect numbers, thus reducing the available food supply. We are looking into using nosema locustae bait (a single-celled protozoan) to reduce grasshoppers, which attract birds to the flightline area. 2. Pigeons. Pigeons are controlled by shooting or trapping.
3. Swallows. Cliff swallows are present in fairly high numbers. Exclusion measures are possible on some structures, but extremely difficult on others. (For example, swallows nest near the door tracks on hanger doors.). Swallow nests in the flightline area should be washed or scraped from buildings in the spring as necessary, but only in accordance with permit guidelines. Nests should be destroyed before eggs are laid or after all young have departed. Nest removal is the responsibility of the building occupant; if removal is necessary for safety reasons after eggs are laid contact the 673d CES Environmental section for guidance. Swallows not posing a risk to health or safety are left undisturbed. They are protected under the migratory bird treaty, and they consume large numbers of mosquitoes.
(b) Squirrels and Ermines. Squirrels and ermines occasionally become pests in buildings. They can be live-trapped and released if control is needed. Exclusion methods are used if the animals are entering attics of houses, as sometimes happens.
(c) Bats. Bats consume many mosquitoes, so are considered beneficial. They occasionally enter buildings, but can be easily caught and removed. We use bat houses to lure bats away from sensitive areas (hospital, child care center).
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(d) Feral/Stray Cats. The Pest Management shop will serve as the primary responder to investigate for stray and feral cats. The removal of stray and feral cats will be in accordance with AFJI 48-131, AFI 32-7064, and AFPMB TG No. 37, Guidelines for Reducing Feral/Stray Cat Populations on Military Installations in the United States. Stray cats will be captured and returned to their owner if possible. If unable to identify owner, feral cats will be transported to the Anchorage Animal Control Shelter, where they will be scanned for micro-chips and registration information. Military Law Enforcement will respond to reports of stray dogs in areas such as military family housing, barracks, and administration/office areas to protect personnel from uncontrolled and wild animal contact. Law enforcement will use appropriate force, including lethal force, as necessary, when an animal, appears to be sick or its behavior is erratic and not typical, e.g., when it is aggressive or attacks without provocation and cannot be restrained without possible injury to military law enforcement or installation personnel. If the animal is suspected of being rabid, and lethal force is necessary, avoid damage to the brain to allow subsequent testing to confirm rabies status. Refer to the JBER Animal Control Plan for further details.
4. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS.
a. Administration. This plan is part of the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan, and implements pest controls on JBER.
(1) Pest Management Operations. Work requests are submitted through CE Customer Service. Most of our work, however, is self-initiated based on area surveys.
(2) Contracts. All work at the present time is done in-house by either Pest Management or the golf course groundskeeper. The only exception is pest control at the commissary. Any contract involving pest control work will be initiated and monitored IAW AFI 32-1053, DODI 4150.7 and other applicable guidelines. (3) Outleases. There are no significant outleases on JBER requiring pest control.
(4) Interservice Support Agreements. Requirements of AFI 32-1053, DODI 4150.7 and other applicable guidelines are included in all interservice support agreements
(5) Reports and Records. A daily record of pest survey and control measures is entered in the IPMIS program. Monthly summaries will be forwarded to AFCEC, as well as to the base Bioenvironmental Engineering and Public Health sections.
(6) Training and Certification. Training is conducted on a continual basis for all personnel through seminars, short courses, self-study of various books, periodicals and pamphlets. Additional training is provided for state certification. All personnel attend formal technical school for DoD recertification every 3 years.
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(7) Initial Training. On the job training (OJT) is conducted with all new personnel as needed. To meet the unique requirements of JBER, there are no 3-level authorizations at this base.
(8) Contingency Training. Every effort is made to incorporate contingency responsibilities into other training programs and day-to-day operations. All personnel will be scheduled for the Operational Entomology course as soon as feasible.
(9) Pesticide Security. All pesticides and pesticide dispersal equipment are kept secured at all times IAW AFPMB TG No. 7, Installation Pesticide Security.
(10) Emergency Disease Vector Surveillance and Control. The Pest Management Shop, Public Health and the Alaska Department of Health will work together to address any emergency operations.
(11) Coordination. Pest management personnel coordinate with the USDA Wildlife Services office and the Environmental Quality flight for all pest control involving birds and other wildlife. We also work closely with Bioenvironmental Engineering, Public Health and Security Forces personnel. Coordination with other outside agencies is sometimes required, including state pesticide officials, and US Fish and Wildlife. All US Fish and Wildlife service is coordinated with the Natural Resources office.
(12) Civil Engineering Support. The Pest Management Shop routinely receives outstanding support from other shops in Civil Engineering; notably, Pavements and Equipment and Structures. (13) References and Links: The following references and links are applicable to this plan:
PUBLIC LAWS Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 29 CFR Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards 29 CFR Part 1925, Safety and Health Standards for Federal Service Contracts 40 CFR Parts 150-189, Environmental Protection Agency 49 CFR Part 171, Hazardous Materials Regulations Executive Order 13112 Invasive Species
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DoDI 4150.07-P, DoD Plan for the Certification of Pesticide Applicators DoDI 4150.07, DoD Pest Management Program
AIR FORCE INSTRUCTIONS, MANUALS, PAMPHLETS, ETC. AFI 32-1053, Pest Management Program AFI 32-1074, Aerial Application of Pesticides
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AFI 32-7042, Solid and Hazardous Waste Compliance AFI 48-102, Medical Entomology Program AFJI 48-104, Quarantine Regulations of the Armed Forces AFI. 48-137, Respiratory Protection Program AFMAN 48-147 Tri-Service Food Code
TECHNICAL GUIDES All TG's are now found at: http://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/afpmb/techguides.html TG 7 - Installation Pesticide Security, August 2003 TG 13 - Dispersal of Ultra Low Volume (ULV) Insecticides by Cold Aerosol and Thermal Fog Ground Application Equipment, July 2011 TG 14 - Personal Protective Equipment for Pest Management Personnel, April 2011 TG 15 - Pesticide Spill Prevention and Management, August 2009 TG 16 - Pesticide Fires: Prevention, Control, and Cleanup TG 17 - Military Handbook - Design of Pest Management Facilities, August 2009 TG 20 - Pest Management Operations in Medical Treatment Facilities, December 2012 TG 21 - Pesticide Disposal Guide for Pest Control Shops TG 24 - Contingency Pest Management Guide, September 2012 TG 29 - Integrated Pest Management in and around Buildings, August 2009 TG 34 - Bee Resource Manual with emphasis on The Africanized Honey Bee, November 2013 TG 36 - Personal Protective Measures Against Insects and Other Arthropods of Military Significance, October 2009 TG 37 - Integrated Management of Stray Animals on Military Installations, May 2012 TG 39 - Guidelines for Preparing DoD Pest Control Contracts Using Integrated Pest Management, February 1997 TG 41 - Protection from Rodent-borne Diseases with special emphasis on occupational exposure to hantavirus, December 2013 TG 44 - Bed Bugs - Importance, Biology, and Control Strategies, March 2012 TG 45 - Storage and Display of Retail Pesticides, November 2012 WEBSITES Ag Chem Data Base: www.cdms.net/pfa/LupdateMsg.asp Cornell University: http://msds.pdc.cornell.edu/msdssrch.asp C & P Press, Inc. www.greenbook.net/free.asp SDS Search: http://www.msdsxchange.com/english/index.cfm Armed Forces Pest Management Board: www.afpmb.org Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency: www.afcesa.af.mil Environmental Protection Agency: www.epa.gov Code of Federal Regulations: www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfrlcfr-table-search.html Bed Bugs: http://www2.epa.gov/bedbugs BLM-Alaska Invasive Weeds: http://www.blm.gov/ak/st/en/prog/invasive_species/noxweeds.html Pesticide Safety (University of Alaska): http://www.uaf.edu/ces/ah/psep/
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Alaska Pesticide Laws: https://dec.alaska.gov/commish/regulations/pdfs/18%20AAC%2090.pdf Pest Control Program--State of Alaska: http://dec.alaska.gov/EH/pest/Index.htm Endangered Species Info: http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/stateListingAndOccurrenceIndividual.jsp?state=AK&s8fid=11276 1032792&s8fid=112762573902 DoD Regulations/MOUs: http://www.afpmb.org/content/directives-instructions-and-mous- important-afpmb Invasive Weeds JBER 2012Report: https://cs1.eis.af.mil/sites/edash- ins4/JBER/Shared%20Documents/Natural%20Resources/2012%20JBER%20Invasive%20Pla nt%20Species%20Risk%20Assessment%20and%20Management%20Plan.pdf 2007 Report: https://cs1.eis.af.mil/sites/edash- ins4/JBER/Shared%20Documents/Natural%20Resources/2007%20EAFB%20Invasive%20Ter restrial%20Plant%20Species%20Survey.pdf Ant Identification Resources: http://lancaster.unl.edu/pest/ants/ Northern Pike: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=invasivepike.main Larch Sawflies: http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r10/forest- grasslandhealth/?cid=fsbdev2_038388 Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly: http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_037814.pdf Alder Wooly Sawfly: http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5430500.pdf Bruce Spanworm: http://www.uaf.edu/files/ces/ipm/insects/geometridupdate3.pdf Nosema locustae: http://www.biconet.com/biocontrol/nolo.html Bats: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=citizenscience.bats OPLAN 19-3: http://www.jber.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-140917-066.pdf Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan: https://jber.eim.elmendorf.af.mil/673ABW/XP/XPX/Current%20WG%20Plans/JBER%20Inte grated%20Natural%20Resources%20Management%20Plan%20(INRMP)%206%20Dec%201 2.pdf Technical Bulletin MED 561 Occupational and Environmental Health Pest Surveillance: http://armypubs.army.mil/med/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/tbmed561.pdf
b. Logistics. This plan is logistically feasible and within JBER capabilities to execute under most circumstances.
c. Health and Safety:
(1) Medical Surveillance. All people who apply pesticides, including golf course personnel who apply pesticides, receive baseline physicals within 30 days of arriving in the shop. Follow-up exams are provided annually. Respirator training and fit testing are conducted annually, through Bioenvironmental Engineering.
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(2) Food Handling Facilities. Any pesticide applications to food handling establishments will be coordinated with Public Health and Bioenvironmental Engineering before the work is accomplished.
(3) Hazard Communication. HAZCOM training is provided to all newly assigned personnel and to all personnel when new chemicals or procedures are introduced. Annual refresher training is conducted. Every effort is made to promote safety and maintain a safe working environment.
(4) Personnel Protective Equipment. Procurement guidance for personal protective equipment is obtained through the base Bioenvironmental Engineering office. Proper safety equipment will be worn IAW pesticide label directions.
(5) Fire Protection. The 673d CES Fire Department is furnished with hard copies of all pesticides SDS along with a floor plan of where pesticides are stored. Fire department personnel are notified prior to any indoor fogging operations.
(6) Pest Management Vehicles. Pest Management vehicles are equipped with spill kits, emergency eye washes, pesticide safety information and emergency phone numbers. Vehicles will be used only by the Pest Management section.
(7) Protection of the Public. All pesticides will be applied in strict accordance with label directions. Least toxic products and alternative methods will be used to the greatest extent possible.
(8) Pesticide Shop Health, Safety and Hazard Surveys. Surveys are conducted every 12 months. Surveys are briefed to all shop personnel once completed.
d. Environmental Considerations:
(1) Sensitive Areas. Much of the wetland, grass and shelterbelt areas of the base are used by birds and other wildlife. There are 64 confirmed nesting birds on base as described in Annex F of the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. The base is also home to wolverine, red fox, coyotes, wolves, brown bear, black bear, bald eagles, salmon and moose. Extreme care is used to protect wildlife areas from harmful chemical contamination. Pest control operations are coordinated with the base natural resource manager and with outside agencies, as required.
(2) Aquatic applications of herbicides. Require an Alaska pesticide applicator certification in category 6, Aquatic. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and Alaska Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits must be obtained to apply pesticides to aquatic environments. These requirements will be met.
(3) Endangered or Protected Species and Critical Habitat. Although no threatened or endangered species regularly inhabit the base, many protected migratory birds are present.
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Specific information on endangered species can be found in the Alaska Endangered Species Protection Plan for Pesticides. Beluga whales’ habitat is present in the Cook Inlet, and Eagle River which bisects an active indirect fire range.
(4) Cultural and Historic Sites. There are numerous cultural and historical sites here on JBER. The most famous being the Nike Site Summit buildings. There has not been any irreversible pest damage to any of the sites; however, pest problems have occurred. Mice and wasps are the most frequently encountered pest at these sites. Bats have been reported in buildings 18762, 11550 and 8317. Bat proofing these facilities to maintain historical value will occur through coordination with facility managers and 673d CES historical resources manager.
(5) Environmental Documentation. Required environmental documentation is included in the pest control records in the Integrated Pest Management Information System (IPMIS). A general use permit is used for application of pesticides to water. We provide the state documentation annually as required by this permit.
(6) Pesticide Spills and Remediation. Refer to Annex 4 to Annex C to JBER OPLAN 19-3, Environmental Management Plan for spill management details.
(a) To prevent spills, pesticides are stored in compliance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
(b) All pesticides are tracked by The Enterprise Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Management Information System which reports locations of pesticide storage IAW AFI 32-7086.
e. Pesticide Procurement. Sale and Distribution of Pesticides: Both AAFES and the commissary sell pesticides. Only EPA registered pesticides are sold on base.
f. Legal Mandates. IPM is mandated for pesticide applications to water IAW:
(1) 18 AAC Chapter 90.645, Environmental Conservation, Alaska’s Pollution Discharge Elimination System (APDES).
(2) National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
(3) DODI 4150.07, DoD Pest Management Training and Certification Program.
(4) AFI 32-1053, Integrated Pest Management Program.
g. Plan Maintenance. Department of Defense Instruction 4150.07. requires that the Pest Management Plan be reviewed and updated annually and submitted for formal approval every 5 years. Changes to the plan will be made as needed to ensure a dynamic pest control program exists, taking full advantage of new innovations whenever possible.
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h. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) procedures are stressed to provide effective pest control while protecting the environment, minimizing chemical use and maintaining cost- effectiveness. The cooperation of all base personnel is essential to a successful, truly integrated, pest control operation.
i. IPM is defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common- sense practices. IPM programs use current, comprehensive information on life cycles of pests and their interactions with the environment. This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment. IPM programs take advantage of all pest management options possible, including, but not limited to the judicious use of pesticides.
j. Controls
(1) The Pest Management Shop makes every effort to reduce the use of toxic chemicals through integrated pest management procedures. We choose the least toxic, least persistent chemicals available when chemical use cannot be avoided. The Pest Management Shop applies pesticides at the optimum growth stage of the target plant, reducing the amount of chemical needed. For many bare ground applications we use the WeedSeeker system to pinpoint herbicide applications. This system drastically reduces the amount of chemical needed to do many herbicide jobs.
(2) We rely on biological control products for virtually all mosquito larvae control on base because they are the most target-specific material available. This product provides outstanding control of mosquitoes with virtually no adverse effects on non-target organisms. The emphasis on and success of larvae control has greatly reduced the need for adult mosquito control, with its detrimental introduction of more toxic chemicals into the environment.
(3) We use cell phones and ArcGIS to create a comprehensive mapping program for recording observed on-base locations of mosquitoes, noxious weeds and ornamental pests. Pictures are taken from phones to document longitude and latitude locations, as well as, site conditions. The coordinates and pictures can be layered on maps such as ArcGIS. This system improves survey methods and facilitates proactive treatment using precision targeting of pesticides, applied at exactly the right time and place with virtually no areas skipped or erroneously over-treated.
(4) The Pest Management Shop is constantly looking for innovative ways to reduce the use of pesticides. Just as critical, we educate our customers so they will be willing to accept and support these less-toxic methods. Aggressive use of integrated pest management practices will continue to minimize the environmental impact of the pest control program at JBER.
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5. COMMAND AND CONTROL.
a. Control.
(1) IPM Coordinator. The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) coordinator oversees all aspects of the installation IPM plan, including in-house, formally contracted, GPC-contracted operations, housing, engineer, medical department operations, and pesticide applications for grounds operations, out-leasing, golf course operations, wood preservation, natural resources, forestry operations, self-help and pesticide sales.
(2) Pest Management Personnel or Contractors. The 773d CES Pest Management Shop conducts most pest management programs. The 673d FSS Golf Course grounds superintendent is responsible for weed and plant disease control at that facility. The Pest Management Shop provides facility managers with pesticide free materials to control some pests. The 673d Medical Group’s Public Health office surveys for mosquitoes and other disease vectors and stored product pests. It also conducts inspections of food handling facilities to ensure good sanitation measures are in place. The JBER Veterinary Treatment Facility assists with pest control through parasite control and preventive vaccinations for animals. 773d CES Structures shop personnel provide assistance in pest exclusion. All tasks outlined in this plan are the responsibility of the Pest Management Shop, unless otherwise noted.
b. Points of Contact.
JBER IPMP point of contact.
Installation DSN Telephone Commercial POC Name Rank/Title Office Number Telephone Number Davin SrA/ IPM Pest 552-2381 907-552-2381 Pitts Coordinator Management Brent Civ / Environmental Environmental 384-6224 907-384-6224 Koenen Compliance
c. Certifications
(1) Installation Certified Military Pesticide Applicators
Certificate Certifying Date of expiration Categories in Authority certification date Certificate which Name Rank (State/DoD) (mm/dd/yyyy) (mm/dd/yyyy) number certified Davin SrA DoD 07/11/2017 03/31/2019 AF-1175- DoD Pitts 16-0216 3,5,6,7,8
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(2) Installation Certified Civilian Pesticide Applicators
Categor Certifying Date of Certificate ies in Authority certification expiration date Certificate which Name Job title (State/DoD) (mm/dd/yyyy) (mm/dd/yyyy) number certified Roger Pest DoD 05/04/2017 05/31/2020 AF 1240- DoD Safarik Control 17 3,5,6,7, 8
(3) Certified Golf Course Pesticide Applicators
Date of certification State Name of (mm/dd/yyy Certificate expiration Certificate Categories in applicator y) date (mm/dd/yyyy) number which certified Patrick 06/30/2014 06/30/2017 9918-1706 AK 4 Fahey Mathew 06/30/2016 06/30/2019 10041-1906-4 AK 4 Leseman
(4) Installation Pest Management Quality Assurance Evaluators (PMQAEs)
Date of PMQAE certificate issuance (mm/dd/yyyy) Certifying Name of [to be renewed every Schoolhouse Contract PMQAE 3 yrs.] (USAF/Army/Navy) Hoffmaster, 12 August 2014 / USAF DECA Tracie Expires 12 August 2017
GEORGE T.M. DIETRICH III Colonel, USAF Commander
Annexes:
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A- Task Organization X - Execution Checklists Z - Distribution
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ANNEX A TO JBER ICC PLAN TASK ORGANIZATION
Task Organization/ Pest Management Strategies
REFERENCES: None.
1. 673D AIR BASE WING.
a. 673d Civil Engineer Group:
(1) 673d Civil Engineer Squadron
(2) 773d Civil Engineer Squadron
b. 673d Logistics Readiness Group:
(1) 673d Logistics Readiness Squadron
(2) 773d Logistics Readiness Squadron
c. 673d Medical Group:
(1) 673d Aerospace Medicine Squadron
(2) 673d Dental Squadron
(3) 673d Inpatient Operations Squadron
(4) 673d Medical Operations Squadron
(5) 673d Medical Support Squadron
(6) 673d Medical Surgical Squadron
d. 673d Mission Support Group:
(1) 673d Communications Squadron
(2) 673d Security Forces Squadron
(3) 673d Contracting Squadron
(4) 673d Force Support Squadron
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e. 673d Comptroller Squadron
f. Wing Staff Agencies
2. 3rd WING.
a. 3rd Operations Group:
(1) 3rd Operations Support Squadron
(2) 90th Fighter Squadron
(3) 525th Fighter Squadron
(5) 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron
b. 3rd Maintenance Group:
(1) 3rd Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
(2) 3rd Maintenance Squadron
(3) 3rd Munitions Squadron
(4) 703d Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
c. 3rd Wing Staff Agencies
3. 176TH WING.
a. 176th Operations Group:
(1) 176th Operations Support Squadron
(2) 176th Air Defense Squadron
(3) 144th Airlift Squadron
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b. 176th Maintenance Group:
(1) 176th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
(2) 176th Maintenance Squadron
c. 176th Medical Group
d. 176th Mission Support Group:
(1) 176th Communications Squadron
(2) 176th Security Forces Squadron
(3) 176th Civil Engineering Squadron
(4) 176th Force Support Flight
(5) 176th Logistics Readiness Squadron
e. Wing Staff Agencies
4. 477TH FIGHTER GROUP.
a. 302d Fighter Squadron.
b. 477th Force Support Squadron.
c. 477th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron.
d. 477th Maintenance Squadron.
e. 477th Aerospace Medicine Flight.
f. 477th Operations Support Flight.
5. 715TH AIR MOBILITY OPERATIONS GROUP.
a. 732d Air Mobility Squadron.
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b. Group Staff.
6. UNITED STATES ARMY, ALASKA.
a. US Army, Alaska Staff.
b. 4-25 Infantry Brigade Combat Team (ABN)
(1) 1-501 Parachute Infantry Regiment
(2) 1-509 Parachute Infantry Regiment
(3) 1-40 Cavalry Squadron (ABN)
(4) 2-377 Parachute Field Artillery Regiment
(5) 725th Brigade Support Battalion (ABN)
(6) 6th Brigade Engineer Battalion (6 BEB)
c. 17th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion (CSSB)
7. ALASKA ARMY NATIONAL GUARD.
a. JFHQ Army Element.
b. 297th BfSB.
c. 38th Troop Command.
8. 59TH SIGNAL BATTALION.
9. US ARMY MEDICAL ACTIVITY – ALASKA.
10. US ARMY DENTAL ACTIVITY – ALASKA.
11. US ARMY CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DIVISION.
12. UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE.
13. UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
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14. COMMANDER, ALASKAN COMMAND (ALCOM)
a. ALCOM Staff
b. Alaskan NORAD Region (ANR) Staff
c. 11th Air Force (11 AF) Staff
(1) 611th Air Operations Center (611 AOC)
(2) PACAF Regional Support Center (PRSC)
(a) 611th Air Support Squadron (611 ASUS)
(b) 611th Civil Engineer Squadron (611 CES)
(c) 611th Air Communications Squadron (611 ACOMS)
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ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OUTLINES
GENERAL. Pest Management personnel, Facility Managers/Occupants, Grounds Maintenance, Public Health, Services Housekeeping staff, and all Base Occupants have responsibilities to prevent and control pest to the best of their abilities in accordance with the IPMP. The following appendices also further delineate responsibilities.
APPENDICES AND TABS PAGE
Appendix 1: Pest Management Outlines...... X-1-1 Tab A - Ants...... X-1-A-1 Tab B - Bed Bugs...... X-1-B-1 Tab C - Bees, Wasps, and Hornets ...... X-1-C-1 Tab D - Broadleaf Weeds ...... X-1-D-1 Tab E - Cockroaches ...... X-1-E-1 Tab F - Grasshoppers ...... X-1-F-1 Tab G - Mice ...... X-1-G-1 Tab H - Mosquitoes ...... X-1-H-1 Tab I - Noxious/Invasive Weeds...... X-1-I-1 Tab J - Silverfish and Firebrats ...... X-1-J-1 Appendix 2. Moose Run Golf Course...... X-2-1 Appendix 3. JBER Pesticides ...... X-3-1 Tab A - Pesticide Spill Plan ...... X-3-A-1 Appendix 4. Shop Equipment ...... X-4-1 Appendix 5. Supply Sources...... X-5-1 Appendix 6. Permits...... X-6-1 Appendix 7. Historical Sites ...... X-7-1 Appendix 8. Installation Map ...... X-8-1 Appendix 9. Statement of Need ...... X-9-1 Tab A - JBER Mosquito Surveillance Data...... X-9-A-1 BERTab B – J Boundary Map ...... X-9-B-1 Tab C - Climatological Data for Anchorage, AK ...... X-9-C-1 Tab D - VectoBac Label ...... X-9-D-1 Tab E - APDES Requirements...... X-9-E-1 Appendix 10. Thresholds ...... X-10-1
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APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP PEST MANAGEMENT OUTLINES
GENERAL. This appendix contains individual outlines identifying pest prevention and control measures for the types of pests that may be encountered on JBER.
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TAB A TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP ANTS
1. Pest: Ants
2. Site: Base wide facilities
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility occupants, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings and inspection of facilities.
c. Frequency: Upon sighting in food handling facilities, upon sighting in other facilities by occupants and/or facility managers
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel, facility occupants.
b. Types: Education, Mechanical, and physical.
c. Methods:
(1) Education: Educate facility occupants on excluding pests, as well as, sanitation to avoid attracting pest.
(2) Mechanical and physical: Sanitation, caulking, sealing of cracks. Remove all food sources, sealing with caulk, repair water leaks, seal cracks in pavement and concrete slabs.
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: Visual sightings of ants, ant mounds, or ant trails.
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c. Control Standards: Chemicals are applied when necessary to remove ants from indoors.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 64248-10. Maxforce ant bait stations 499-220. Perma Dust PT 432-1377. Tempo WP
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Hospitals and child care centers.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
7. Additional concerns: The use of chemicals on ants sometimes creates a worse problem through budding. When ants bud, they split and form multiple colonies.
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TAB B TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP BED BUGS
1. Pest: Bed Bugs.
.
2. Site: Lodging.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Services Housekeeping staff,. Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings and inspection of mattresses, bedding, areas around bed, to include bed frames head boards, beside bed furniture, other furniture in room, luggage racks, appliances, switch plates, underneath carpet edges wall hangings and adjoining rooms, both sides and above and below.
c. Frequency: As needed and 7-10 days after any chemical treatments.
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4. Non chemical techniques: (Should be considered as a management tool only.) Pest Management Techniques: Refer to Technical guide # 44 Bed Bugs-Importance, Biology, and Control Strategies
a. Responsible Organization: Services Housekeeping staff, Pest Management personnel.
b. Types: Education, Mechanical, physical, and cultural.
c. Methods:
(1) Education: Educating the Housekeeping staff to detect typical signs and occupants of any living space infested by is essential to insure that they actively and voluntarily cooperate in any control program.
(2) Mechanical and physical: Physical removal by vacuuming, Exclusion, Use of Mattress covers, Physical Killing (heat, cold, or steam) and Sticky traps: Detail inspection by a qualified person. All bed linen, curtains and clothing must be inspected/removed from the infested areas. It is preferable to handle all such items as infectious; they must be bagged before removal from room and washed in the hottest water possible/or dried in a hot air clothes drier. Mattress should be inspected first on site; areas around bed should be investigated next i.e. head boards, underneath carpet edges loose wall paper etc. Bed bugs can be physically removed via vacuuming or by sticky tape.
(3) Cultural: Reducing overall biomass can be achieved through discarding infested furnishing as recommended by pest management. Any item removed must be sealed in plastic before removal. (Ideally, such items should be treated by pest management before discarding). Heat; temperatures over 113 degrees Fahrenheit or Cold; freezing of small items below 0 degrees Fahrenheit for at least 4 days.
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: When bed bugs can be accurately detected and correctly identified.
c. Control Standards: Bed Bugs are eradicated from affected living areas.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 432-1377. Tempo WP 2724-351 Gentrol IGR 499-290 PT 565 432-1483 Temprid SC
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6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Hospital.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
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TAB C TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP BEES, WASPS, AND HORNETS
1. Pest: Bees, Wasps, and Hornets.
2. Site: Base wide facilities.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility occupants, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings and inspection of facilities and quarters.
c. Frequency: As needed (mainly in the fall). Fall season presents the highest amount of Wasp and hornet sightings.
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel, facility occupants.
b. Types: Education, Mechanical, and physical.
c. Methods:
(1) Education: Educate facility occupants on excluding pests, as well as, sanitation to not attract pest.
(2) Mechanical and physical: Use yellow jacket traps, install or repair screens, keep trash cans clean and tightly covered, repair cracks around windows, siding, and doors ensure trash cans and dumpsters are covered at all times. Removal of all nests and removal of all pollinating sources. Fly swatters.
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
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b. Basis for treatment: Visual sightings of nests. There is no chemical that will keep wasp’s bees or hornets from flying around the sides of buildings.
c. Control Standards: Chemicals are applied when necessary to remove nests.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 499-362. Prescription Treatment Wasp Freeze 499-290 PT 565
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Hospitals and child care centers near air exchangers.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
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TAB D TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP BROADLEAF WEEDS
1. Pest: Broadleaf Weeds.
2. Site: Base wide.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility managers, grounds maintenance, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings of weeds in pavement, or landscaping base wide and on airfield reports from Airfield management.
c. Frequency: Upon sighting/ reporting of broadleaf weeds. Spring, summer and fall months.
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility occupants, Pest Management personnel, Grounds maintenance.
b. Types: Mechanical, and cultural.
c. Methods:
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(1) Mechanical and Cultural: Ground maintenance will maintain grass at a height that will hinder competition between grass and weeds. 3-5 inches is recommended. Bare patches will be kept to a minimum. Seeding bar patches with grass seed is necessary to prevent weeds from taking over the soil.
(2) Facility managers are responsible for removing weeds within 50 feet of their facility. This can be accomplished through hand pulling and lawn maintenance.
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: Visual sightings of broadleaf weeds. Primary concern is weeds growing in flight line pavements.
c. Control Standards: Chemicals are applied when necessary to eliminate weeds on the airfield. Side walk and road treatment will occur secondarily to flight line weed control. Lawns and DV routs will be considered, but noxious weeds will be of primary concern on that sight.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 524-535 Roundup Quick Pro 34704-124/1381-102 Low Vol 4 Ester Weed Killer 352-601 Oust 524-475 Roundup Pro
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Waters of the U.S, Child Care Centers, Playgrounds and Parks.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
TAB E TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP COCKROACHES
1. Pest: Cockroaches.
2. Site: Base housing, dining facilities, other base facilities.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Building occupants, Military Public Health, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual sightings, inspection of facilities, monitor traps.
c. Frequency: As needed and upon sighting in base facilities, twice a month in food handling establishments by Public Health, upon sighting in other facilities by occupants.
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility managers, Pest Management personnel.
b. Types: Mechanical, physical, and cultural.
c. Methods:
(1) Education: Educate facility managers on sanitation and harborage elimination.
(2) Mechanical and physical: Clean up spilled foods and water, eliminate harborage and pathway areas by sealing with caulk, repair water leaks, and inspect incoming foods and packaging.
(3) Cultural: Elimination of food and water, removal of harborages (bags, boxes, paper, etc.).
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: When all self-help efforts have failed, and the infestation is beyond the facility occupant’s control.
c. Control Standards: Cockroaches are eradicated from affected facilities with Crack and Crevice treatment, and spot treatment in kitchens, break rooms and other areas infested.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 432-1377. Tempo WP 2724-351 Gentrol IGR 499-290 PT 565 432-1259 Maxforce Roach Killer Bait Gel 432-7772 Delta Dust 432-1483 Temprid
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Hospitals, food handling facility, child care centers.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
TAB F TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP GRASSHOPPERS
1. Pest: Grasshoppers.
2. Site: Airfield.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Airfield management, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings of grasshoppers on airfield, reports from Airfield management.
c. Frequency: Upon sighting/ reporting of grasshoppers on airfield in summer and fall months.
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel, Grounds maintenance.
b. Types: Mechanical, and cultural.
c. Methods: Mechanical and Cultural: Ground maintenance will maintain grass at a height that will keep soils cool and moist. 8-14 inches is recommended. Bare patches in infield will be kept to a minimum.
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: Visual sightings of pest. Reports of bash hazards from Airfield management.
c. Control Standards: Chemicals are applied when necessary to reduce grasshopper populations in the airfield.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 279-3206 Talstar 432-1377. Tempo WP
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Waters of the U.S.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: Potential for secondary poisoning of birds eating grasshoppers.
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
TAB G TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP MICE
1. Pest: Mice.
2. Site: Base wide facility and housing.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Building occupants, Military Public Health, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual sightings, inspection of facilities, monitor traps, check for droppings, rub marks, damage, burrows, etc.
c. Frequency: Visual sightings, locating possible holes, finding nesting areas, spotting rodent feces, use of live traps, glue boards and snap traps.
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility managers, Pest Management personnel.
b. Types: Mechanical, physical, and cultural.
c. Methods:
(1) Education: Educate facility managers on sanitation and harborage elimination.
(2) Mechanical and physical: Clean up spilled foods and water, eliminate harborage and pathway areas by sealing with caulk, repair water leaks, and inspect incoming foods and packaging, seal entry ways to exclude pests, filling possible holes with steel wool, mechanical mousetraps.
(3) Cultural: Elimination of food and water, removal of harborages (bags, boxes, paper, etc.).
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: When all self-help efforts have failed, and the infestation is beyond the facility occupant’s control.
c. Control Standards: Mice are eradicated from affected facilities.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 12455-79 Contrac All-Weather Blox. 100-1054 Talon-G 7173-218. Generation Mini-Blocks
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Avoided by chemical controls: Areas that could be accessible to children or pets. Treated with Caution: Anyplace in housing. Baits should be placed in tamper-resistant bait boxes in areas inaccessible to children or pets.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
7. Additional concerns: Protection from Rodent-Bourne Disease:
a. Use Technical Guide 41, “Protection from Rodent-Borne Diseases with Special Emphasis on Occupational Exposure to Hantavirus”. Guide is available at the Armed Forces Pest Management Board web site.
b. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) “Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome - United States: Updated Recommendation for Risk Reduction”.
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TAB H TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP MOSQUITOES
1. Pest: Mosquitoes.
2. Site: Base wide facilities.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Base occupants, Pest Management personnel, Public Health Personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings and seasonal outbreaks.
c. Frequency. Preventative treatments to control larva stages in spring. Upon sightings by occupants and/or facility managers. When abundant numbers are reported by Public Health surveyors.
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel, Base occupants, Grounds maintenance.
b. Types: Education, Mechanical, and physical.
c. Methods:
(1) Education: Educate base personnel on PPE and repellants to avoid mosquitos bites.
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(2) Mechanical and physical: Mosquitoes can be excluded from facilities by ensuring doors are kept closed, and screens are placed on windows. Base personnel can also use fly swatters to remove mosquitoes.
(3) Cultural control: Removal of standing water and objects that collect water.
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: Visual sightings of pest/outbreak season. Unable to control with nonchemical methods.
c. Control Standards: Chemicals are applied preventatively for larva and. When necessary to remove adult mosquitoes.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 279-3206 Talstar 432-1377 Tempo WP 6218-47 B.t.i. BRIQUETS 83362-3 FourStar 73748-4 Kontrol 4-4 432-667 SCOURGE Insecticide
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Places where people are present during adult mosquito treatment.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
TAB I TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP NOXIOUS/INVASIVE WEEDS
1. Pest: Noxious/Invasive Weeds
2. Site: Base wide.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility managers, Grounds maintenance, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings of weeds in landscaping base wide or any grounds. Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species Report from 2007 and 2012.
c. Frequency: Upon sighting/ reporting of noxious/invasive weeds. Spring, summer and fall months.
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility occupants, Pest Management personnel, Grounds maintenance.
b. Types: Mechanical, and cultural.
c. Methods: Mechanical and Cultural: Measures to control invasive species are new to JBER. Hand pulling of white sweet clover, Canada thistle, reed canary grass, orange hawkweed and chokecherry saplings began during summer of 2008. Applying boiling water over root beds combined with hand pulling is a treatment for bird vetch.
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5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: Visual sightings weeds. Invasive/Noxious weeds are of primary concern.
c. Control Standards: Eliminate any/all noxious/invasive weeds on JBER.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 524-535 Roundup Quick Pro 34704-124/1381-102 Low Vol 4 Ester Weed Killer 352-601 Oust 352-846 Perspective 524-535 Roundup Quick Pro
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Waters of the U.S, Child Care Centers, Playgrounds and Parks .
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
TAB J TO APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP SILVERFISH AND FIREBRATS
1. Pest: Silverfish and Firebrats.
2. Site: Base wide facilities.
3. Surveillance:
a. Responsible Organization: Facility occupants, Pest Management personnel.
b. Methods: Visual Sightings and inspection of facilities.
c. Frequency: Upon sighting in food handling facilities, upon sighting in other facilities by occupants and/or facility managers
4. Non chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel, facility occupants.
b. Types: Education, Mechanical, and physical.
c. Methods:
(1) Education: Educate facility occupants on excluding pests, as well as, sanitation to avoid attracting pest.
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(2) Mechanical and physical: Sanitation, caulking, sealing of cracks. Remove all food sources, sealing with caulk, repair water leaks, seal cracks in pavement and concrete slabs. Removal of standing water and warm humid environments. Setting glue boards and vacuuming.
5. Chemical techniques:
a. Responsible Organization: Pest Management personnel.
b. Basis for treatment: Visual sightings of pest. Unable to control with nonchemical methods.
c. Control Standards: Chemicals are applied when necessary to remove silverfish and firebrats from indoors.
d. EPA Registration Numbers: 279-3206 Talstar 499-220. Perma Dust PT 432-1377. Tempo WP
6. Remarks:
a. Sensitive areas: Hospitals and child care centers.
b. Prohibited practices: Applying pesticides in a manner inconsistent with the label.
c. Environmental concerns: N/A.
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UNCLASSIFIED 673 ABW JBER, AK 99506 10 October 2018
APPENDIX 2 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP MOOSERUN GOLF COURSE
Integrated Pest Management Plan: Moose Run Golf Course
1. Management Context
A. Description of Golf Facility
Moose Run Golf Course, located on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson(JBER) sits adjacent to both the Chugach Mountains and Ship Creek. The complex encompasses 510 acres with 205 acres of maintained turf. The front nine on the Hill Course is described as hilly while the back nine are flat. The Creek course offers some hilly conditions, however, the majority of fairways are level with rolling mounds throughout. Ship Creek runs throughout the entire Creek Course. Hill Course elevation ranges from 408’ to 598’ and the Creek Course elevations range from 325’ to 420’. Total elevation change for the facility is 273’.
Protected by the Chugach Mountains and the Alaska Range and warmed by Pacific Ocean currents, Anchorage/JBER has a temperate maritime climate. Spring through fall brings Anchorage an average yearly rainfall of 15” to 16”. Summer high temperatures average 65 degrees with a record high of 84 degrees. The average low temperature is 48 degrees. Winters bring on an average yearly snowfall of 78”. High temperatures average in the low 20”s. The average low is 9 degrees with a record of -37 degrees. For a detailed list of climatic conditions see Appendix X.
The Hill Course opened in 1951 as a nine hole facility. In 1953 a second nine and two practice greens were built completing the 18 hole facility. Greens are small “push up” style. They do not have subsurface drainage and in most cases poor surface drainage. There is not an automated irrigation system, however, there is an irrigation booster pump station that supplies water to the tees and greens on the front nine. There is not any irrigation to the fairways or roughs. The back nine’s water for tees and greens is supplied by the static pressure from the main water line that feeds JBER. All tees and greens are watered using water hose that is currently pulled to each tee or green and moved around the green until all the irrigation is completed. In 1993 Hole # 8 was lengthened by extending the fairway and building a new green. This is a sand base green with internal drainage but was not built to USGA specifications.
The Creek Course opened in July 2000 as an 18 hole facility. The greens were built to USGA specification. Irrigation on the Creek Course consists of a Rainbird Stratus system with individual controllers and a central computer. It utilizes a single row system 450 ea Rainbird Eagle 900 sprinkler heads and high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe. In 2004 a new practice green was installed adjacent to the driving range, this green was also built using USGA specifications.
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B. Goals
The Air Force Golf pest management mission is to prevent pest and disease vectors from adversely affecting the base golf course operation by establishing and maintaining a safe, effective, and environmentally sound integrated pest management program. The primary goal has been directed to us by regulation: reduce the amount of pesticide actual ingredient (AI) by 50% using the base year 1993 and still maintain excellent turf conditions. To explain, the federal government has directed all Department of Defense pesticide users to reduce their AI usage by 50% using 1993’s AI total as a base and this must be met by year 2000. To accomplish this goal at Moose Run Golf Course, IPM techniques must be used as much as possible to maintain the same quality turf conditions and meet the 50% goal. Those control techniques could be physical, mechanical, cultural, biological, educational, and at last resort, chemical control using the least toxic products available.
The secondary goal for Moose Run Golf Course is to provide the best maintained golf course in the Air Force given the conditions that must be worked with. The maintenance operation is continually pursuing new techniques and methods to achieve this goal by attending local, state, and GCSAA conferences, seminars, and workshops. Also, services are used on the Internet, and meetings with fellow superintendents are used for brain storming sessions.
IPM program execution includes seven steps that are routine procedures for each pest problem:
1. Identification of the pest:
A crucial step in any IPM program is to identify the pest. The effectiveness of both proactive and reactive pest management measures depends on correct identification.
2. Development of a control plan/strategy:
Strategies and prescriptions are the “bottom-line” of any pest management program, they provide the required product: adequate pest management. While conventional pest control programs have generally relied upon a single tool (pesticides) to achieve this objective, IPM programs utilize and array of tools that are integrated in strategies and prescriptions designed not only to control pests, but to manage them, focusing largely on options to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of pest problems.
3. Establish threshold limits for the pest:
The threshold limit is the pest population that inflicts turf damage greater that the cost of control measures. Thresholds are intimately related to the value of the turf and the part of the golf course being attacked.
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4. Monitor the pest populations:
Monitoring involves systematically checking the golf course for pests and beneficial organisms, at regular intervals and at critical times, to gather information about the turf, pests, and natural enemies.
5. Control the pest:
Pesticides are the option of last resort in the golf course IPM programs because of their potential negative impacts on the environment, which result from the manufacturing process as well as form their application on the golf course. Pesticides should be used only when other measures, such as biological or cultural controls, have failed to keep pest populations from approaching economically damaging levels.
6. Document the results:
Documentation for the IPM program is maintenance of records and recording of decisions as required by the plan. An IPM program that is well developed, implemented, and documented will minimize the need for and use of pesticides, maintain or improve the quality of the golf course, utilize fiscal resources efficiently, and promote political, administrative, and public approval and support.
7. Evaluation and/or redesign the plan:
Evaluation of individual program activities, system components, and the overall pest management program are an integral part of an IPM system. They are used to analyze the effectiveness, costs, and benefits of the program and its components to highlight opportunities to adjust the program to better serve its intended implementation goals and objectives.
II. Pest Management Practices at Moose Run Golf Course
A. Scouting & Monitoring:
A cornerstone of the IPM Program, scouting and monitoring enables the Superintendent to monitor pest presence and development throughout the growing season. All crew members are trained to scout for irrigation issues, unusual course damage or anything out of the ordinary and report that information to the Superintendent or the Asst. Superintendent as soon as possible. The Superintendent, Asst. Superintendent and Foreman/Spray Tech have all been trained in pest identification. All make daily inspection rounds.
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B. Hot Spots:
The golf course maintenance personnel have developed hot spot areas that include turfgrass pest pressures and irrigation problems. A golf course map is used to identify these hot spots on a yearly basis for possible identification of future pressure areas.
C. Threshold Levels at Moose Run Golf Course:
The threshold level is the pest population that inflicts crop damage greater than the cost of control measures. The following are some of the thresholds used on the golf course.
1. Diseases:
Gray Snow Mold (Typhula blight) and Pink Snow Mold (Microdochium nivale) are the most prominent diseases on our greens, tees and fairways. Gray Snow Mold develops throughout the winter under the snow pack, while pink snow mold appears in early spring and later fall. The threshold level for the tees and fairways is quite high as the recovery rate for the longer bluegrass is very good. Unless there is significant damage to the tees and fairways future preventative treatment for snow mold will not take place. The threshold for the greens is much lower because of the significant amount of damage that can occur. All greens are treated with a preventative application PCNB as close to snowfall as is possible.
2. Insects:
Most turf insects are either not present or are well below threshold levels. Insecticides have not been applied during my tenure. Mosquitoes are the largest insect problem we have. Preventative mosquito applications stopped back in the early 90’s due in large part to both ineffective applications and the expense. Biting Midges (no-see-ums). Black Flies, Green Alder Sawfly are other insects that we have but are not controlled.
3. Weeds:
Weeds as competitors in turfgrass present a number of unique challenges that need to be recognized when developing management strategies. The intensity of weed problems during a growing season will be influenced by weed population levels in previous years. The axiom “one year’s seeding equals seven years’ weeding” is apt. The most prominent weeds on the golf course are White Clover, Dandelion, and Broadleaf Plantain. Threshold levels vary on different areas of the facility. We monitor affected areas during the year and record them on our hot spot map. These areas are the ones we concentrate on for treatment. The Superintendent, Asst. Superintendent and the Spray Tech will scout the golf course during the season to identify affected areas. Knowledge is gained on exactly where to treat.
The method of keeping these weeds in check is to spot treat bad areas, usually in June. By using dye in the solution the spray technical can isolate on just the worst areas. A few
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broadleaf weeds are tolerable for fairways and rough. On tees, greens and bunkers there is less tolerance and scouting will be more frequent at these areas. A propane weed torch can also be used to remove any type weed in cart paths or places where there is not a fire problem.
The facility lives with a certain population of Poa annua in the turfgrass populations. Although somewhat of an inconsistent grass Poa can be an excellent turf for golf if maintained correctly. Poa populations thrive in our summer climate but can have extensive problems surviving throughout the winter months. However with seed production in the summer another crop always comes up. All greens are over seeded with both bentgrass and Poa trivialis each spring. Our eventual goal is to increase the bentgrass population for better winter survival and earlier playing conditions in the spring.
III Written Records:
Monitoring goes hand-in-hand with recordkeeping, which forms the collective “memory of the golf course. Records should not only provide information about when and where pest problems have occurred, but should also incorporate information about cultural practices (irrigation, cultivation, fertilization, mowing, etc.) and their effect on pest and beneficial populations. The effects of non-biotic factors of pest populations should also be noticed, i.e. weather. Recordkeeping is simply a systematic approach to learning from experience. Being regulated by DOD, the Air Force, the State of Alaska, and the JBER Environmental Management Division, record keeping is a mandatory job requirement. Pesticide application records are kept for every application. See Appendix X for a copy of this form. Information from previous years’ applications are used to give an intelligent idea of possible upcoming pest problems. Monitoring of yearly hot spots of different pests and mapping these areas creates a guide to follow for next season’s treatments. Each year a maintenance plan is developed, which is used to keep programs on track and keep members informed on upcoming golf course work.
IV Pest Control at Moose Run Golf Course:
Much research is done on the new products being developed. By going to the trade shows, seminars, field days, and networking with fellow superintendents, information of the effectiveness of these products is gained. Test plots are first developed to try a product if there is still uncertainty about its effectiveness. But experience is the best advantage on what products work or do not work on our golf course. Due to the 50% reduction requirement, a closer look at the toxicity level of a product is done. Fortunately the newer products being developed have very low AI’s and tend to have a longer residual, both details looked for in a control product. It’s the research that is done on products and gained knowledge that ensures the golf course that the least toxic control method is used only after all other pesticide methods have been tried.
A. Pesticide Application Techniques:
As monetary and environmental costs of chemical pesticides escalate, it makes sense to increase the efficiency of chemical applications. Correct nozzle placement, nozzle type, and
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nozzle pressure are very important considerations. Misdirected sprays, inappropriate nozzle size, or worn nozzles will ultimately cost the golf course money and increase the risk of environmental damage.
If the monitoring program indicates that the pest outbreak is isolated to a particular location, spot treatment of only the infested area will not only save time and money, but will conserve the natural beneficial organisms located in other parts of the golf course. The superintendent should also time treatments to be least disruptive of other organisms and golfing customers.
B. Application Equipment:
The following is a list of the commonly used application equipment on the golf course.
1. Powered hydraulic sprayer
2. Rotary product spreaders
3. Drop type product spreaders
4. Backpack and /or hand pump sprayers
V. Control Techniques:
A. Physical and/or Mechanical Control Practices:
Methods included in this category utilize some physical component of the environment, such as temperature, humidity, light or soil to plant disturbance, to the detriment of the pest. Common examples are tillage, flaming, flooding, hand weeding, weed barriers, hand weeding and mulches to kill weeds or to prevent weed seed germination.
Although generally used in small or localized situations, some methods of mechanical/physical control are finding wider acceptance because they are generally friendlier to the environment.
During the construction of the Creek Course a 1/8” thick by 12” wide plastic sheeting was used to surround each green to prevent bentgrass encroachment into the surrounds and fairways. This physical control method has proven to be a failure in that not only has it prevented encroachment it has also proven to be susceptible to the frost heaves that we experience locally. This has resulted in the plastic rising above the turf level. Each season we have to take razor knifes out and trim all the plastic around each green. We have physically removed the plastic from # 17 green. The end result was good but required an extensive amount of labor to repair the area surrounding the green. Hand weeding of bunkers is performed at various times throughout the season but is not as cost effective as a couple applications of herbicide.
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B. Cultural Control Practices:
Cultural controls are manipulations of the ecosystem that make the turfgrass system less friendly to the establishment and proliferation of pest populations. Although they are designed to have positive effects on the golf course ecology and pest management, negative impacts may also result, due to variations in weather or changes in management.
Techniques of this practice may involve planting resistant turf cultivars, developing healthy biologically active soils, sanitation, efficient irrigation practices, modifying mowing heights, and monitoring degree or growing days.
Factors influencing the health and biodiversity of soils include the amount of soil organic matter, soil pH, nutrient balance, moisture, and parent material of the soil. Healthy soils with a diverse community of organisms support plant health and nutrition better than soils deficient in organic matter and low in species diversity.
1. Fertilization:
The fertilization philosophy at Moose Run Golf Course has been to provide a complete nutrient package during the entire growing season using a combination of products with slow release nitrogen qualities. Each winter the previous years’ fertilizer application plan is analyzed and updated and prepared for the following year. We use Lebanon 18-3-18 for all greens and have a local vendor that provides us with our tee, fairway and rough fertilizer. High K products are stressed in the late fall and early spring for winter hardiness and strong root formation. The fertilization program has been modified over the years to reflect the technologies of slow release products while keeping the operating budget and needs of the golf course in mind.
2. Soil Tests:
Soil tests are done to determine the true nutritional needs of our turfgrass and are performed annually at Moose Run. We send approximately a dozen samples to Harris Lab for analysis with equal sample for greens, tees & fairways. Roughs are not tested.
3. Irrigation:
The irrigation system installed on the Creek Course is a Rainbird central control system with Par 24 control clocks and a central computer. The system includes 455 heads on 80’ spacing utilizing an 850 gpm booster pump. With the information on gpm and spacing, schedules are written to match turf and soil conditions. The Superintendent, Asst. Superintendent, and Foreman/Spray Tech are responsible for checking the golf course each day for wet or dry areas. With the irrigation head numbering system, feedback on conditions can be used to adjust whole areas or just one head at a time, to adjust soil moisture.
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4. Turf Stress:
There have been numerous approaches to minimize turf stress at Moose Run. To find the perfect set of solutions for the condition is the goal. Over the years, we have tried several techniques on different conditions. If one technique fails, another is tried until the best technique for each condition is found. We are now using one or more of the following techniques to relieve turf stress on our different conditions.
a. Stakes and rope are use to block and/or reroute around worn paths, wet areas or otherwise damaged areas.
b. Cart traffic signage is used to detour traffic away from stressed areas and in some cases par 3’s are closed to traffic altogether.
c. Using syringe cycles on greens, tees & fairways when high turf temperatures begin to stress the turf.
d. Using “grass cells” on the Hill Course cart path areas that continue to get worse over the years.
e. Our golf course has gone to 100% soft spikes.
f. We use good agronomic practices to relieve turf stress.
C. Biological Control Techniques
Biological control is the use of living organisms, such as parasites, predators, or pathogens, to maintain pest populations below damaging levels, and may be either natural or applied.
Natural biological control results when naturally occurring enemies maintain pests at a lower level than would occur without them. Mammals, birds, bats, insects, fungi, bacteria, and viruses all have a role to play as natural predators and parasites in the turfgrass system.
Habitat enhancement for beneficial insects, for example, focuses on the establishment of flowering annual or perennial plants that provide pollen and nectar needed during certain parts of the insect life cycle. Other habitat features provided by the golf course include water, alternative prey, perching sites, over wintering sites, and wind protection. Beneficial insects and other beneficial organisms should be viewed in your IPM plan, with specific habitat and food needs to be included in golf course planning.
Applied biological control involves supplementation of beneficial organism populations, for example through periodic releases of parasites, predators, or pathogens.
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D. Chemical Control:
Included in this category are both synthetic pesticides and botanical pesticides. Compost tea is another form of chemical control.
Synthetic pesticides comprise a wide range of manmade chemicals used to control insects, mites, weeds, nematodes, plant diseases, and vertebrate pests. These powerful chemicals are fast acting and relatively inexpensive to purchase. Pesticides are the option of last resort in this IPM program because of their potential negative impacts on the environment, which result from the manufacturing process as well as from their application on the golf course. Pesticides should be used only when other measures, such as biological or cultural controls, have failed to keep pest populations from approaching economically damaging levels. If chemical pesticides must be used, it is to the superintendent’s advantage to choose the least toxic pesticide that will control the pest but not harm non target organisms such as birds, fish, and mammals. Pesticides that are short lived or act on one or a few specific organisms are in this class. Examples include insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, copper compounds, sulfur, boric acid, and sugar esters.
Botanical pesticides are prepared in various ways. They can be as simple as pureed plant leaves, extracts of plan t parts, or chemicals purified from plants. Pyrethrum and rotenone are examples of botanicals. Some botanicals are broad spectrum pesticides. Botanicals are generally less harmful in the environment than synthetic pesticides because they degrade quickly, but they can be just as deadly to beneficial organisms as synthetic pesticides.
Compost teas are most commonly used for foliar disease control and applied as foliar nutrient sprays. The idea underlying the use of compost teas is that a solution of beneficial microbes and some nutrients is created, and then applied to plants to increase the diversity of organisms on leaf surfaces.
Because pest resistance to chemical controls has become so common, superintendents are increasingly viewing susceptibility to pesticides as a trait worth preserving. The less a product is applied, the longer a pest population will remain susceptible to that product. Routine use of any pesticide is a problematic strategy. Rotation of the different pesticide classes, modes of action, is the answer.
There are instances where pesticides are the only effective tool for controlling unacceptable pest problems. A good example is a fungus disease. While cultural controls, use of resistant plant varieties, and replacement with other species can contribute to reductions in disease problems, once established these pests often cannot be managed without the use of pesticides. Golf greens are an example of a high quality landscape feature that must be kept essentially free of fungus problems, for once they begin to develop, they can spread rapidly, destroying large areas of turf. This damage is expensive to correct and takes the green(s) out of play for an extended period of time.
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VI. Curative or Preventative Control of Prevalent Problematic Pests:
Both curative and preventative methods at Moose Run Golf Course are being used. The type of control depends on the pest and what it can do to the golf course. The following is a simple outline of our major pests, how they are controlled and why.
Pest How Controlled Why Gray Snow Mold Preventative Prevent total turf kill Pink Snow Mold Preventative Prevent total turf kill Dandelion Curative Turf playability & aesthetics White Clover Curative Turf playability & aesthetics Broad Leaf Plantain Curative Turf playability & aesthetics
VII. Golf Courses and Developed IPM Programs:
The best source of information on IPM programs is the Cooperative Extension Service associated with the land-grant university in each state. Booklets and fact sheets describing IPM programs and control measures for a wide range of crops, including turfgrasses, are available free or for a small charge. Pest control methods are evolving and diversifying in response to public awareness of environmental and health impacts of synthetic chemical pesticides and resulting legislation. Turf grass pests are developing resistance to many synthetic agrichemicals, and new synthetic chemicals are being registered at a slower rate than in the past. This factor has severely hindered the effectiveness of the golf course chemical control program. It is imperative the superintendent understand all the control options available to achieve economic pest control.
A. IPM ON-Line:
There is an increasing body of information about production, marketing, and recordkeeping available to superintendents via the Internet. The Internet is also a good source of information about IPM, beneficial insects, products, and pest control options for individual turfgrass. IPM specialists are generating high quality websites as a modern educational delivery tool, and many Extension Service leaflets are now being made available in electronic format only. This trend will only accelerate as more and more turfgrass specialists familiarize themselves with the Internet.
Amy Sexton Business Manager, Moose Run Golf Course
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APPENDIX 3 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP JBER PESTICIDES
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APPENDIX 3 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP PESTICIDE SPILL PLAN
See also Annex 4 to Annex C to JBER OPLAN 19-3
I. Introduction and Purpose The purpose of this plan is to establish procedures for handling pesticide spills on JBER. Included in this plan are insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fumigants, rodenticides, and other miscellaneous pesticides. This spill plan applicable to all personnel assigned to the 773rd Civil Engineer Squadron (CES) and the 773d CES Pest Management Section. This plan does not go into great detail on the particular characteristics of each group of pesticides.
II. Spill Prevention The best way to prevent or reduce spills is to take precautionary measures such as providing adequate storage facilities, conduct weekly inspections, etc. The following guidelines will be followed to reduce the probability of a pesticide spill.
A. General Procedures 1. Train all pest management personnel in the proper procedures for handling pesticides during receipt, storage, formulation, loading, application, and disposal. 2. Advise and train pest management personnel in spill prevention, emergency response, and containment procedures. 3. Identify locations and operations where spills may occur. 4. Post emergency phone numbers in conspicuous locations. 5. Prepare and maintain spill kits. 6. Inspect storage rooms and spill kits weekly.
B. Storage Procedures 1. Store all pesticides with labels plainly visible. Containers should be checked weekly for damage. Containers will only be stored in areas that provide secondary containment capable of containing 110% of the largest container stored and in rows that provide easy access. 2. Incompatible pesticides, i.e. herbicides and insecticides, must be stored separately to prevent cross contamination or adverse reactions. 3. Store all pesticides in well-ventilated (room should provide 6 air changes per hour), dry storage areas. Temperatures should be between 40°F-100° F. Stored pesticides should be protected from freezing temperatures and direct sunlight.
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4. Emergency procedures will be posted near work areas and exits. A complete pesticide inventory will be given to the fire department along with the name and phone number of the pest management supervisor and building custodian. 5. Containers found leaking or damaged should be handled as follows:
• Don appropriate protective equipment.
• Separate clean undamaged containers from leaking containers.
• Isolate containers that have been contaminated by leaking containers for later cleanup.
• Leaking containers should be repackaged. Over pack leaking containers only if the pesticide container is being prepared for disposal. Broken bags can be placed in heavy-duty plastic bags and sealed with twist ties. Leaking drums can be temporarily sealed using epoxy glue, fiberglass patch kits, or other suitable materials. For further assistance on leaking containers contact the 673 CES/CEANV.
• Duplicate labeling on repackaged pesticide container.
• Transfer contents of leaking container by pouring or siphoning contents into new container. Use a wide mouth funnel when pouring and a mechanical siphon. NEVER START SIPHON OR SIPHON BY MOUTH. Use forklift for large containers and mechanical pumps to transfer liquids to new containers.
• Clean any containers contaminated by leaking containers using a decontamination solution and/or cleaning solution, household detergent will suffice. Collect rinseate in a drip pan or barrel for disposal. Triple rinse damaged container. Rinseate can be used for dilution in pesticide applications of the product.
• Thoroughly clean all contaminated areas.
III. Spill Emergency Procedures When there is a pesticide spill, specific procedures should be followed for emergency notification, identification, first aid, decontaminating the spill area, etc. Personnel working with pesticides should be trained for quick evacuation and proper spill procedures. The following procedures are provided to expedite any spill emergency.
A. Emergency Notification: The following personnel will be notified in event of a pesticide spill. 1. Pest management supervisor: during duty hours at extension 552-2381. After duty hours call Fire Department and have them contact the shop supervisor or on call personnel.
2. Fire Department, 911
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3. Hospital Emergency Room at 580-5555 for assistance if a person has been injured or poisoned by the pesticide. 4. CEANV Flight at 907-552-3435 5. Bioenvironmental Engineering at 552-3885 6. Contact the Security Forces Squadron at extension 552-3421 if traffic control is needed.
B. Identification Determine the pesticide involved in the spill. Information such as formulation, percent active ingredient, manufacturer’s name and address should be readily available. If possible try to determine the amount of the spill. This will enable you to determine what decontamination procedures you need to follow. If personnel require medical treatment, give the medical staff a copy of the label and the Material Safety Data Sheet of the pesticides involved so proper medical care can be given.
C. Safety and First Aid All pest management personnel should be trained in basic first aid. The primary purpose of first aid is to prevent and further absorption of the pesticide. First aid kits and personal protective equipment should be maintained at the pest management facility and in all vehicles. Refer to the pesticide label and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for first aid procedures.
D. Care for the Injured Personnel contaminated or poisoned by the pesticide must be removed for the contaminated site immediately. Upon arrival at a spill site the following procedures should be followed. 1. Assess the number of personnel involved. 2. Eliminate, if any, all sources of ignition to prevent the threat of explosion or fire. 3. If necessary, don the appropriate personal protective equipment and remove the injured to a safe location upwind from the spill. If indoors open doors and windows to enhance ventilation. 4. If necessary, remove any contaminated clothing and wash affected areas with soap and water. Administer additional first aid as required by the label and SDS. If necessary, victim’s eyes should be flushed with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Contact the hospital emergency room and give them your name, location, pesticide(s) involved, and the condition of the person contaminated or poisoned by pesticides. NOTE: NEVER LEAVE INJURED PERSONELL ALONE ALWAYS HAVE SOMEONE STAY WITH INJURED PERSONELL UNTIL MEDICAL ASSISTANCE ARRIVES.
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E. Site Security The site of the pesticide spill must be secured immediately to prevent entry of unauthorized personnel. This can be accomplished by roping off the area, posting warning signs, and establishing an entry control point. The boundary should be a safe distance from the spill. Contact the Security Forces Squadron at extension 552-3421 if traffic control is needed.
F. Containment The pesticide spill must be contained at the site of the spill. The pesticide must be prevented from spreading to the surrounding area and water sources (storm drains, wells, water systems, ditches, etc.). The following steps are necessary to contain a pesticide spill: 1. Don appropriate personal protective equipment from spill kit or pest management facility. 2. Reposition leaking containers, if possible, to prevent further leakage and contamination. 3. Contain the spill by encircling with a trench, or use a dike of sand or absorbent material. Use soil or rags as a last resort.
G. Spill Cleanup The following procedures will be used for cleanup of pesticide spills.
Dry Spills
• Cover to prevent material from becoming airborne. If possible use a wet/dry vacuum to suck up spilled material. If brooms are used, avoid brisk movements to keep dust down.
• Collect the pesticide and place into plastic bags. Secure bags, identify, and dispose of as hazardous waste
• Sprinkle a light film of water over spill and cover with absorbent material. Clean up like a liquid spill.
• Decontaminate as outlined in paragraph H Decontamination.
Liquid Spills 1. Concrete and asphalt
• Work or rub absorbent material into the spill by broom to absorb as much chemical as possible.
• Gather the absorbent, place in a bag, and put the bag in a container approved for hazardous waste. Label the container properly.
• Decontaminate as in paragraph H Decontamination.
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• Dispose of absorbent and decontamination agent as hazardous waste. 2. Soil
• Remove contaminated soil to a depth of 3 inches below spill line.
• Place contaminated soil in hazardous waste drum.
• Dispose of as hazardous waste. 3. Wood/Porous materials
• Wood and other porous materials cannot be adequately decontaminated they must be remove and replaced.
• Dispose of as hazardous waste. 4. Non-porous materials (tools, vehicles, or equipment)
• Use a scrub brush and wash thoroughly with soap and water.
• Contain the wash water by some approved method.
• Use absorbent material to collect wastewater and place in a properly labeled, leak proof container for disposal.
• Decontaminate as outlined in paragraph H Decontamination.
• Dispose of wastewater and decontamination solution as hazardous waste.
H. Decontamination Decontamination solutions can be utilized to decontaminate surfaces where pesticides have been spilled. The bulk of the spill should be cleaned up before applying any decontamination solutions or agents. After clean up is completed apply the appropriate decontamination solution and allow 1 to 6 hours reaction time before cleaning up the solution with absorbent material. 1. Depending on the pesticide spilled one of the following decontamination solutions should be used.
• Bleach solutions (5% sodium hypochlorite) can be used for calcium cyanamide, calcium cyanide, chlorpyrifos, fonophos, merphos, and lethane.
• Caustic soda (lye, sodium hydroxide) or lime (10% solutions: .75 lbs lye or lime in 3.5 gallons of water) can be used on organophosates and the following pesticides; atrazine, propoxur, captan, carbaryl, diazinon, temephos, naled, 2, 4, 5-t, malathion, etc.
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• Do not use any decontaminate, only hot soapy water, on the following pesticides: alachlor, chloramben, and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, Diuron, 2, 4-D, maneb etc. 2. Apply the appropriate decontaminating solution as listed above. Use a brush or mop, depending upon what type of surface has been contaminated. NOTE: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON DECONTAMINATION SOLUTIONS REFER TO ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD (AFPMB) TECHNICAL INFORMATION MEMORANDUM (TIM) NO. 15, PESTICIDE SPILL PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT ANNEX B.
IV. Post-Spill Procedures After the spill has been cleaned up and decontaminated, action must now be taken to dispose of the hazardous materials and ensure that the site is completely decontaminated.
A. Disposal All contaminated materials; spilled pesticide, absorbent materials, wastewater, used decontamination solution, and material used to absorb decontamination solution must be removed and placed in an approved hazardous waste container. All drums must be properly labeled and disposed of through the Environmental Flight and DRMO. Materials that cannot be completely decontaminated such as cloth, soil, and wood must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
B. Sample Collection and Analysis After decontamination a representative from Bioenvironmental Engineering should take samples of all areas in question. These samples will be analyzed for pesticide content to ensure decontamination was effective.
C. Investigation and Cause An investigation into the cause of the spill and any contributing events should be undertaken to find out why the spill occurred. This information will help to prevent spills from happening in the future. Note: Refer to AFPMB TG No. 15, Section IV, Spill Contingency Planning, Section V, Spill Emergency Procedures, Section VI, Post Spill Procedures, and Appendix X for further information concerning pesticide spills, containment, and cleanup.
V. Pesticide Spill Procedures
A. How to Report Pesticide Spills Immediately call Base Fire Department at 911, furnish the following information: 1. Location of spill. 2. Type of substance spilled.
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3. Estimated amount of spill. 4. Time and date of incident. 5. Cause of spill. 6. Name, organization, and telephone number or person reporting the spill. 7. Any injuries if they occurred. 8. Any other known hazards within the area.
B. Containment and Spill Cleanup 1. Eliminate all sources of ignition (e.g. vehicle engines, lit cigarettes, etc.) to prevent fire or explosion.
2. Evacuate the area and post a guard to secure the spill site. 3. Don the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) from the spill response kit (consult the SDS for necessary PPE). 4. Contain at the source. Prevent further spillage by repositioning the container, turning off the spigot or valve, or plugging the hole (whatever is appropriate for the situation). 5. Prevent the spill from spreading by trenching or building dikes constructed from sand, absorbent material (i.e. ground clay), or as a last resort, soil or rags. 6. Cover the spill. If spill is liquid use absorbents starting from the perimeter of the spill working towards the center. 7. Work the absorbent toward the center of the spill with a non-sparking tool (broom or plastic shovel) to maximize its absorbing rate. 8. Collect all used absorbent material including, coveralls, gloves, etc., and place them in the spill kit drum or steel drum lined with a plastic bag.
9. Clean or replace spill kit contents. 10. Contact 673 CES/CEANV (extension 552-3435) for disposal instructions. Note: These procedures are provided as a quick reference sheet when there is a spill and immediate action is required.
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APPENDIX 4 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP SHOP EQUIPMENT
SHOP EQUIPMENT
SHOP EQUIPMENT AMOUNT
DS 300 sprayer 1 ea Telephone Maintenance Truck 2 ea Utility Vehicle 3 ea 1 Gallon B&G Sprayer 3 ea 2 Gallon B&G Sprayer 2 ea Backpack sprayer 2 ea Solo Backpack mist dust blower 1 ea
SAFETY EQUIPMENT • Rubber Gloves • Nitrile Gloves • Leather Work Gloves • Respirators (half and full face) • Over Boots • Steel Toe Boots • Safety Goggles • Safety Glasses • Coveralls • Hard hats • Aprons • Hearing Protection (ear plugs & ear muffs) • Spill Kits
Note: Safety equipment is individual issue and is replaced or reissued as needed. The pesticide spill kits are provided for vehicle(s) sent out to accomplish a job which requires the use of pesticides.
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APPENDIX 5 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP SUPPLY SOURCES
SUPPLY SOURCES
Totem Equipment & Supply Inc 2536 Commercial Drive Anchorage AK 99501 FAX: (907) 258-4623 (907) 276-2858 email: [email protected]
B&G Equipment Company Route 611 Plumsteadville PA 18949 FAX: (215) 766-8240 (215) 766-8811 (800) 544-8811 email: [email protected]
Alaska Mill & Feed Co 114 N. Orca Street Anchorage AK 99501 FAX: (907) 222-2060 (907) 222-2047 email: [email protected]
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APPENDIX 6 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP PERMITS
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APPENDIX 7 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP HISTORICAL SITES
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APPENDIX 8 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP INSTALLATION MAP
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APPENDIX 9 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP STATEMENT OF NEED
STATEMENT OF NEED
Statement of Need for Aerial Application of Biological Mosquito Larvicide on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER)
INSTALLATION: Joint Base Elemendorf-Richardson, Alaska PURPOSE: Validate requirement for aerial application of biological larval mosquito control for nuisance and disease vectors DATES OF SURVEY: 21-25 July 2014 PERIOD OF VALIDATION: Indefinite AUTHORITY: DoDI 4150.07, The DoD Pest Management Program AFI 32-1053, Civil Engineer Pest Management Program AFI 32-1074, Aerial Application of Pesticides AFI 48-102, Medical Entomology Program ENTOMOLOGIST: Donald A. Teig, Air Force Pest Management SME
1. TARGET PEST(s) AND STAGES TO BE CONTROLLED. Larval mosquitoes (Atch 1). Dominant species found in the area include: Aedes excrucians, Aedes punctor, and Culiseta alaskaensis.
Aedes excrucians larvae prefer semi-permanent and permanent pools near Anchorage whereas Aedes punctor larvae prefer temporary woodland pools. In Alaska salt marshes, mosquitoes tend to occur wherever there is flat land at sea level. The mosquitoes are chiefly species of Aedes which breed in fresh water also. Both Aedes punctor and Aedes excrucians larvae are known to tolerate slightly brackish conditions. Aedes species lay their eggs in moist depressions, which are subject to flooding at the time of the spring breakup.
Culiseta alaskaensis, is one of the large "snow mosquitoes" that overwinter as adults and emerge from hibernation while much of the winter snow is on the ground. In some localities this species is sufficiently abundant to cause serious annoyance. The female overwinters as an adult close to the ground under the snow, usually in leaf litter, in dense growths of grass, beneath loose tree bark, or in dead tree stumps where the temperature range is from 16 - 20 F. These mosquitoes emerge in spring even when there is snow on the ground. Females live up to 10 to 12 months or sometimes even longer. During the summer these large mosquitoes are commonly found near shallow pools of water where they lay their eggs. Peak populations usually occur near the end of May. Females of this snow mosquito take a blood meal and immediately lay their eggs in shallow pools. By the end of summer the eggs hatch and newly hatched females overwinter as adults. Females mate the first summer and engorge and oviposit the following spring.
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a. DISEASE TRANSMISSION. Culiseta alaskaensis, Aedes excrucians and Aedes punctor are all pest species and there are numerous arboviruses known from Alaskan mosquitoes. Viruses are real threats and have been identified or are so likely as to be highly probable based on work by Calisher and others in the 1980s. Orthbunyaviriuses can cause encephalitis or abortions: Snowshoe Hair Virus / Lacrosse Encephalitis Virus in ~ 41% of humans in the area. This is likely transmitted by Culiseta spp.; Jamestown Canyon virus was previously reported in ~ 54% humans in the area;. Northway virus ~ 14% of humans; Klamath virus in ~5% of humans. In addition an unknown alphavirus was identified on JBER in 2014. There have been a few isolated Vesicular viruses (Rhabdoviridae) from mosquitoes. These are not currently known in humans but some vesicular viruses do infect humans.
b. EFFECT OF INFESTATION ON MORALE AND EFFICIENCY. The efficiency of military and civilians performing maintenance, police and fire department employees, and others who work outdoors may be adversely affected when mosquito numbers are high. While an individual’s predisposition to mosquito bites vary, morale and productivity are generally adversely impacted during periods of high mosquito activity. Adverse psychological reactions can be a factor in some individuals. The use of outdoor recreation facilities such as the golf course, athletic fields, playgrounds, and picnic areas may decline at times due to intense mosquito activity. Such restrictions reduce productivity and have a negative effect on the morale of assigned personnel, their dependents, transient personnel, guests and residents of civilian communities.
c. DIRECT IMPORTANCE OF PROTECTION IN MAINTAINING INSTALLATION’S OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES. Severe mosquito annoyance can reduce the mental concentration and overall productivity of maintenance crews, police, and others who are required to work train outdoors. An outbreak of a mosquito-borne disease among base personnel could seriously degrade mission-essential operations.
2. RECOMMENDED TIMING OF APPLICATION. Aerial application of larvicides will not exceed two applications per season, using the microbial larvicide VectoBac® (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies isrealiensis (Bti)). Aerial spray requests will be coordinated with the Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) Command Entomologist, JBER Civil Engineer Entomology and Environmental Flights.
Aedes excrucians and Aedes punctor are the predominant mosquito species on JBER. Aedes excrucians larvae prefer semi-permanent and permanent pools near Anchorage whereas Aedes punctor larvae prefer temporary woodland pools. Aerial application of a mosquito larvicide in the spring should occur following snowmelt floods based on larval dipping counts.
Female Culiseta alaskaensis mosquitoes overwinter as an adult, take a blood meal in the spring, then oviposit their eggs. Control of larval Culiseta alaskaensis will result in a signicant reduction of biting adults the following spring. Control of larvae will produce fewer females the following spring to lay eggs, significantly impacting their life cycle.
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3. TREATMENT AREA. The proposed area to be validated for aerial application is Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska (Atch 2). Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson is located at 61.2514° North Latitude, 149.8064° West Longitude on the Cook Inlet, Knik Arm of Alaska. Weather has a significant influence on development of mosquitoes and aerial application of pesticides for their control (Atch 3).
4. ACREAGE AND DESCRIPTION OF SPRAY AND SURROUNDING AREA. JBER encompasses 64,213 acres on coastal lowlands surrounded by high mountain chains. It is located in south central Alaska, adjacent to Anchorage. The topography is dominated by glacial features and lakes and swamps are plentiful. A total of 50,904 acres is available for training. Maneuver areas and drop zones com-pose approximately 79 percent of the installation’s total area. Nearly 20,000 acres of JBER are designated as ranges or impact areas with nine light maneuver training areas in 18,552 acres and 27 heavy maneuver training areas encompassing 34,121 acres. Total acreage for aerial application of mosquito larvicide will be determined in the spring each year following snowmelt based on larval dipping counts.
5. RECOMMENDED PESTICIDES AND APPLICATION RATE.
LARVICIDE:
VectoBac® 12AS (Atch 4), EPA Reg 275-102 may be applied to control 1st, 2nd, or 3rd instar larval mosquitoes. This microbial larvicide is a formulation of 1.2% Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies isrealiensis (Bti) containing 1200 International Toxic Units per milligram and 98.8% inert ingredients. The label recommended rate of application is 0.25 to 2.0 pints per acre (undiluted). VectoBac® 12AS may also be applied with sufficient water to provide uniform coverage. The amount of water needed per acre will depend on weather, spray equipment, and mosquito habitat characteristics.
ALTERNATE CONTROL MEASURES. The mosquitoes on JBER develop primarily in salt marshes or other inaccessible woodland breeding areas on and off base. Habitat reduction is not feasible due to the importance of preserving the wetlands habitat. Keeping vegetation cleared from established drainage ditches limits conditions favorable for development of mosquito larvae, and reduces harborage sites for adult mosquitoes. Larvivorous fish, predatory insects, and other natural biological controls are established in base water bodies. Larviciding with the biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis in mosquito breeding locations helps reduce overall mosquito numbers. Use of insect repellents and repellent-treated cloth mesh jackets provides some relief to personnel required to work outdoors or in open hangars. Ground-based ULV mosquito adulticiding is limited to areas on base that are accessible to vehicles. Mosquitoes originate in salt marshes and other inaccessible woodland breeding areas where ground-based control efforts are not practical. Aerial larviciding is the only practical measure for rapid, large area control of high numbers of pest or vector mosquitoes that prove unmanageable with all available ground-based techniques.
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6. POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE OF BENEFICIAL PLANTS AND ANIMALS. The biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (Bti) only controls Dipteran mosquito and backfly larvae. Fish can safely eat treated mosquito larvae. With proper mosquito larvicide application rates, techniques, and weather constraints adhered to by the USAF Reserve Aerial Spray Squadron applicators during the aerial spray activities, no damage to beneficial organisms or property is anticipated. A detailed discussion of environmental factors has been included in the environmental assessment written for this project. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service must be consulted prior to use of certain pesticides within the range of critical habitat of certain endangered species. An Alaska Pollution Discharge Elimination System (APDES) permit is required before a pesticide may be applied to any surface water (Atch 5). The installation Public Affairs Office should disseminate information to base personnel and the surrounding communities concerning the proposed times of application, areas to be sprayed, the presence of low-flying aircraft, the harmless properties of the mosquito larvicide to plants, property, and non- target vertebrate and invertebrate animals during the aerial application.
7. RECOMMENDED APPLICATOR SOURCE. The 757 Airlift Squadron, Youngstown Air Reserve Base, Ohio, will provide a C-130H aircraft equipped with a Modular Aerial Spray System (MASS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). This Air Force Reserve unit will provide aircraft, aircrews, and DoD certified Entomologists to coordinate and oversee all aerial application of larvicides. JBER will be responsible for providing chemicals. If this unit is not available, an Alaska State Certified aerial applicator (Cat 10) may be hired to control mosquito larvae on JBER. A contractor should provide aircraft, chemicals, and all support equipment in accordance with this validation. The contract must be reviewed and approved by the PACAF Command Entomologist prior to awarding the contract
Donald A. Teig Air Force Subject Matter for Pest Management and Aerial Application of Pesticides
Tabs: A - JBER Mosquito Surveillance Data B - Map of JBER C - Climatological Data for Anchorage, AK D - VectoBac Label E - APDES Requirements
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TAB A TO APPENDIX 9 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP JBER MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE DATA
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TAB B TO APPENDIX 9 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP JBER BOUNDARY MAP
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TAB D TO APPENDIX 9 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP VECTOBAC LABEL
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TAB E TO APPENDIX 9 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP APDES REQUIREMENTS
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APPENDIX 10 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP THRESHOLDS
1.0. Treatment thresholds are a fundamental component of IPM. There are not any specific threshold levels for pests. Technical Bulletin MED 561 Occupational and Environmental Health Pest Surveillance explains that threshold values will vary depending on species, habitats, disease potential, and complaints for each base. The bulletin further cautions that other factors should be considered to implement control while thresholds are only indicators. Thresholds are determined by health, economic and aesthetic loss, or potential loss caused by pest presence. For example, a single ant in a first-aid station may be one too many. In an eating area, control actions might be initiated if there were more than a half-dozen ants in a day, while most people's tolerance for ants in a rustic and open recreation room would likely be much higher. There are mosquitoes, stinging insects, bedbugs, invasive species, rodents, cockroaches, grasshoppers, silverfish, and other occasional invaders, or nuisance pests that warrant control on JBER. Pest thresholds were set utilizing information obtained from surveillance, treatment, occupant’s complaints, as well as, environmental, natural resources and public health concerns.
It is important to note that thresholds can be raised or lowered depending on current conditions such as environmental factors, natural predators, pest’s current site, pest’s ability to move from that site and history of pests at a specific site. Foods handling establishments and invasive species have the only known specific pest threshold determined by regulation.
1.1 Air Force Manual 48-147 Tri-Service Food Code directs food handling establishments to remain free of insects, rodents, and other pests. This direction determines the treatment threshold to be any. Once the threshold of insects, rodents or other pests is greater than 0, pest management operations will occur to reduce the number of pests to 0.
1.2. Executive Order 13112 Invasive Species mandates control and preventing the introduction of invasive species or species not native to JBER. Controlling invasive species includes their eradication, suppression, reduction or preventing their spread from currently existing areas.
1.2.1. Essentially, invasive species treatment threshold is any; however, factors may make this impractical. For instance, the invasive species reed canarrygrass can propagate readily in salmon spawning streams and have a dramatic ecological effect by growing so densely in the stream that it prevents salmon from inhabiting it. With attempts to eradicate reed canarrygrass, appropriations may be depleted for other invasive species control projects.
1.2.2. From an ecological perspective, several management plans prescribe the following treatment thresholds for invasive plants. Treatment should occur before 20% areal coverage of an ecotype occurs or before 10% of total areal coverage by state prohibited vegetation, or before 5% of total areal coverage of bare ground excluding open water.
1.3. Local treatment thresholds are based on potential impact of a pests presence at a certain site after surveillance by the Pest Management Shop.
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1.3.1. Ant’s treatment threshold varies on the site. Economically destructive ants producing economic damage will warrant control treatment.
1.3.2. Bed bug’s treatment threshold is any when it is determined they have an established population at a particular site. For instance, if a hospital patient had bed bugs on his or her clothing, their clothing was destroyed, and there were not any bed bugs at the hospital, the pest remains under the treatment threshold and control does not occur. In contrast, treatment can occur on sites where living bed bugs are not discovered but occupants are reporting bites, and signs of bed bugs are present.
1.3.3 Stinging bees, wasps, and hornet’s treatment threshold depends on their site and potential of health injury. Treatment thresholds of nests at child development centers or where personnel have sting allergies is any; whereas, treatment would not be necessary in a remote wooded area.
1.3.4. Cockroach’s treatment threshold is variable. A single sighting of a cockroach may mean someone carried it to the particular site and would not necessarily warrant treatment, rater an intense monitoring program. Once it is determined cockroaches have an established population at a site, treatment will occur.
1.3.5. Grasshoppers’ have a treatment threshold on the airfield. The treatment threshold for grasshoppers on the airfield is when they are visually sighted and create or potentially create a BASH hazard.
1.3.6. Mice treatment threshold is determined by the site. Facilities with mice populations will receive control; however, some facilities such as warehouses may have a higher tolerance for mice populations. Recreation fields may exceed the treatment threshold if damage results from mice being present, while most other outdoor areas will not receive treatment.
1.3.7. Silverfish treatment threshold is determined when the presence of silverfish cannot be controlled with normal housekeeping.
1.3.8. Mosquito’s treatment threshold varies on numerous factors. Most often treatment occurs when mosquitoes present an annoyance that cannot be avoided with use of personal protective equipment and repellants. When environmental conditions support above average mosquito populations, treatment may be warranted to control larval more aggressively. When threats to health or disease is present, treatment thresholds will be much lower. Treatment thresholds will also vary depending on the presences of certain species and the likelihood of disease transmission. The Pest Management Shop is currently working with Public Health to determine a quantifiable treatment threshold range for mosquitoes, and we expect to have a defined threshold in 2016.
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APPENDIX 11 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP AIRCRAFT DISINSECTION
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APPENDIX 12 TO ANNEX X TO JBER IPMP INSTALLATION PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REVIEW
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ANNEX Z TO JBER IPMP DISTRIBUTION
REFERENCES: None
GENERAL. 673 ABW/XPX will:
1. Normal Procedure. Post the approved and signed electronic version of this document on the 673 ABW/XPX SharePoint “Current Plans” page: https://jber.eim.elmendorf.af.mil/673ABW/XP/XPX/Current%20WG%20Plans/Forms/AllItems. aspx
2. By Exception. Email as an electronic document, or print a hard copy document for pick-up, if specifically requested to do so.
MICHAEL L. MARTENS, GS-13, DAF Director, JBER Plans and Programs
OPR: 673 ABW/XPX
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