Reports StudyLA

2019

25 Years After Prop 187 Report

Fernando J. Guerra

Brianne Gilbert

Alejandra Alarcon

Vishnu Akella

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/studyla-reports

Recommended Citation Guerra, Fernando J.; Gilbert, Brianne; Alarcon, Alejandra; and Akella, Vishnu, "25 Years After Prop 187 Report" (2019). Reports. 15. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/studyla-reports/15

This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the StudyLA at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FALL 2019

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of

Fernando Guerra Brianne Gilbert Alejandra Alarcon Vishnu Akella

25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187

Changes in the Political Landscape of and Los Angeles from 1994 to 2019

Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles (StudyLA) Loyola Marymount University 310.338.4565 1 LMU Drive LMU.edu/studyLA Los Angeles, CA 90045 @LMUstudyLA TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS...... 1 ABOUT US ...... 2 Loyola Marymount University ...... 2 Center for the Study of Los Angeles ...... 2 About This Report ...... 2 Recommended Citation ...... 2 INTRODUCTION...... 3 Setting the Stage ...... 3 Methodology ...... 3 Political Representation ...... 3 Voting Patterns ...... 3 Total Population ...... 3 POLITICAL REPRESENTATION ...... 4 Political Affiliation ...... 4 California Partisan Elected Officials ...... 4 California Statewide Elected Officials...... 5 Race and Ethnicity ...... 6 California Partisan Elected Officials ...... 6 California Statewide Elected Officials...... 7 VOTING PATTERNS ...... 8 Voter Registration ...... 8 Voter Registration Versus Voter Turnout ...... 8 Election Results ...... 9 TOTAL POPULATION ...... 10 Race/Ethnicity ...... 10 Citizenship ...... 11 CONCLUSION ...... 11 APPENDIX ...... 12

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 1 ABOUT US

LOYOLA MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY LMU is a private Catholic university with 6,250 undergraduates, 2,150 graduate, and 1,100 law students from diverse backgrounds and many perspectives. Our seven colleges and schools boast best-in-the-nation programs in film and television, business, education, and more. Our stunning campus in West Los Angeles is a sun-soaked oasis overlooking the Pacific coast and a model of sustainability. We are rooted in the heart of Los Angeles, a global capital for arts and entertainment, innovation and technology, business, and entrepreneurship. Our mission is grounded in centuries-old Jesuit educational tradition that produces extraordinary men and women dedicated to service and social justice. We are proud of more than 92,000 LMU alumni whose professional achievements are matched by a deep commitment to improving the lives of others.

For more LMU news and events, please visit LMU.edu/news.

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF LOS ANGELES At its core, the Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles (StudyLA) at Loyola Marymount University is a teaching institution. We are recognized as one of the leading undergraduate research centers in the nation, and we are a respected leader in public opinion surveys, exit polls, and leadership and community studies. Founded in 1996, StudyLA conducts groundbreaking research through its LA Votes Election Projects, LA Riots Anniversary Studies, and Los Angeles Public Opinion Surveys. We provide rigorous, mentored research experiences for undergraduate students at LMU with an emphasis on hands-on field research. As the preamble to the University’s mission states, “We benefit from our location in Los Angeles, a dynamic city that brings into sharp focus the issues of our time and provides an ideal context for study, research, creative work, and active engagement. We invite men and women diverse in talents, interests, and cultural backgrounds to enrich our educational community.” StudyLA brings this mission alive, taking pride in our work’s emphasis on understanding and communicating the issues of our time.

ABOUT THIS REPORT This report provides a comparative look at the demographics of California and Los Angeles County electorate, voters, and residents from 1994 (“Then”) to the present (“Now”) to understand the impact of California Proposition 187 (1994). Data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the California Secretary of State are analyzed to study trends in the makeup of California and Los Angeles County. The proposition’s impact is captured through political representation, voter registration, and total population data examined as well as demographic shifts in the makeup of both the electorate and the voters by political affiliation and by race and ethnicity.

For more information about these results, please contact Brianne Gilbert, Associate Director, at [email protected].

Loyola Marymount University 310.338.4565 1 LMU Drive, Suite 4119 LMU.edu/studyLA Los Angeles, CA 90045 @LMUstudyLA

RECOMMENDED CITATION Guerra, Fernando, Gilbert, Brianne, Alarcon, Alejandra, and Akella, Vishnu. (2019). 25 Years After Prop 187. Los Angeles, California: Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles, Loyola Marymount University.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 2

INTRODUCTION

SETTING THE STAGE In 1994, voters approved California Proposition 187, a ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship screening system that would deny undocumented immigrants access to public benefits such as non-emergency healthcare, education, and other social services. Governor and the California Republican Party were strong proponents of Prop 187.

The proposition emerged during an intense and unstable political climate as Californians – particularly Angelenos – dealt with the negative impacts of a national recession, a real estate downturn, the 1992 Los Angeles Riots, and the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Undocumented immigrants were often used as scapegoats for these impacts (e.g., Prop 187 in 1994, Prop 209 in 1996, and Prop 227 in 1998).

Although the courts eventually ruled Prop 187 unconstitutional before it could take effect, the ballot initiative’s indirect impact continues to be felt. Since 1994, there have been noticeable changes in political representation, voting patterns, and total population. Today, there is greater Democratic representation and greater minority representation in California’s 186 partisan elected offices than ever before. There are fewer registered Republicans and more votes for Democratic candidates in general elections. The Latina/o population is greater than the white population and there are just as many (e.g., in California) or more (e.g., in Los Angeles County) foreign-born citizens than non-citizens.

METHODOLOGY Political Representation In order to track changes in political representation, StudyLA documented all of the changes in the 186 California partisan offices from 1994 to 2019. Included are the California Constitutional Officers (7)*, U.S. Senators (2), Members of Congress (53), State Senators (40), State Assemblymembers (80), and Members of the Board of Equalization (4). Individuals were coded by political affiliation and race and ethnicity. The data were compiled into “running rosters,” visual representations of the time elected officials served in office. The unit of analysis for StudyLA’s running rosters is the election cycle from the general election in which an individual was elected into office to the subsequent general election in which the office is up for election. By presenting the data this way, running rosters demonstrate how changes in the voter population and voter behavior directly impact changes in the makeup of the political leadership.

The running rosters accounted and adjusted for vacancies. Individuals who served in an acting capacity were not included. The running rosters also accounted for the addition of a congressional seat following the 2000 Decennial Census. Voting Patterns In order to capture changes in the voter population and voting patterns, StudyLA collected voter eligibility, registration, and turnout data along with general election results from the California Secretary of State for all partisan general elections between 1994 and 2019. Total Population In order to capture changes in the total population, StudyLA collected population data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 1990 and 2000 Decennial Censuses and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. The data from the 1990 and 2000 Decennial Censuses were interpolated to determine population estimates for 1994. The data from the 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates are the U.S. Census Bureau’s latest release and serve as the population estimates for the present day.

*Note: Although the office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction is a nonpartisan office, StudyLA documented all of the changes in the office and included them in the running rosters to give a complete look at the statewide offices. Individuals were coded by political affiliation and race/ethnicity. Individuals were not included in the data visualizations that demonstrate percent representation among the 186 partisan elected offices.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 3

POLITICAL REPRESENTATION

POLITICAL AFFILIATION California Partisan Elected Officials From 1994 to 2019, Democratic representation in the 186 partisan offices increased while Republican representation decreased. In 1994, Democrats and Republicans had equal representation among the partisan offices. Today, Democrats represent three-fourths of the partisan offices. The wedge between increasing Democratic representation and decreasing Republican representation grew even larger after the 2012 presidential election. The trend suggests that the Democratic stronghold in California will continue. . California Partisan Elected Officials by Political Affiliation 100% 79.0% 72.0% 69.9% 71.0% 80% 63.9% 62.9% 63.8% 66.1% 59.5% 62.4% 62.4% 54.6% 50.3% 60%

48.6% 40% 44.9% 40.5% 36.1% 37.1% 37.6% 37.6% 36.2% 34.4% 28.0% 30.1% 29.0% 20% 21.0% 0% 2011 1997 1995 2013 2017 2012 2015 1999 1996 1998 2019 2016 2018 1994 2014 2010 2001 2003 2007 2002 2005 2009 2006 2008 2004 2000

Democrat Republican Other

Source: Visualization created by StudyLA.

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0% 2011 1997 1995 2013 2012 2017 2015 1996 1999 1998 2016 2019 2018 1994 2014 2010 2001 2003 2002 2007 2005 2006 2009 2008 2004 2000

Democrat Republican Other

Source: Visualization created by StudyLA.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 4

California Statewide Elected Officials Focusing only on the statewide elected offices, Democratic representation increased while Republican decreased from 1994 to 2019. In 1994, Democrats and Republicans each held five of the ten statewide offices. Today, Democrats hold all ten offices. Though there have been nearly 60 elections for statewide office since 1994, Republicans have only won five. No Republican has served in a statewide office since 2010.

California Statewide Elected Officials by Political Affiliation

Supt. of U.S. U.S. Lieutenant Attorney Secretary Insurance Governor Controller Treasurer Public Senate Senate Governor General of State Commissioner Instruction Class 1 Class 3

2019 Gavin Eleni Fiona Ricardo Tony Newsom Kounalakis Ma Lara Thurmond 2018 Xavier Kamala Becerra Harris 2017 Alex Betty Padilla Yee 2016 John 2015 Chiang

2014 Jerry Gavin Dave Tom Brown Newsom Jones Torlakson 2013 Kamala 2012 Harris 2011

2010 Debra John Bill Abel Bowen Chiang Lockyer 2009 Maldonado* 2008 Jerry Steve John 2007 Brown Poizner Garamendi Dianne Arnold Feinstein 2006 Schwarzenegger Jack Bruce O'Connell 2005 McPherson* 2004 Steve John Kevin 2003 Westly Garamendi Shelley 2002 Cruz Bill Philip Bustamante Lockyer Angelides 2001 Harry Gray 2000 Low * Davis 1999

1998 Bill Kathleen Delaine Jones Connell Eastin 1997 1996 Pete Gray Dan Matt 1995 Wilson Davis Lungren Fong 1994 Source: Running Roster created by StudyLA.

*This individual was appointed by the Governor and sworn in by the State Legislature, not directly elected by the people.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 5

RACE AND ETHNICITY California Partisan Elected Officials From 1994 to 2019, Latina/o and Asian American representation in the 186 partisan elected offices increased. African American representation has remained relatively stable. White representation decreased from three-fourths to slightly over one-half. If present trends continue, Latina/o representation will surpass white representation.

California Partisan Elected Officials by Race and Ethnicity 100%

79.5% 79.5% 76.8% 72.7% 70.4% 70.4% 80% 67.2% 66.5% 67.7% 62.9% 61.3% 57.5% 56.5% 56.2%60%

40% 23.7% 24.7% 24.9% 19.4% 19.9% 19.4% 15.7% 18.0% 18.8% 18.8% 18.4% 15.6% 11.4% 11.9% 20% 11.4% 6.5% 7.6% 2.7% 0% 2011 1997 1995 2013 2017 2012 2015 1999 1996 1998 2019 2016 2018 1994 2014 2010 2001 2003 2007 2002 2005 2009 2006 2008 2004 2000

White Latina/o African American Asian American

Source: Visualization created by StudyLA.

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0% 2011 1997 1995 2013 2012 2017 2015 1996 1999 1998 2016 2019 2018 1994 2014 2010 2001 2003 2002 2007 2005 2006 2009 2008 2004 2000

White Latina/o African American Asian American

Source: Visualization created by StudyLA.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 6

California Statewide Elected Officials Since 1994, the incorporation of minorities has increased significantly. In 1994, only one of the ten statewide elected officials was an ethnic minority; in 2019, seven of the ten are ethnic minorities. The 2010 gubernatorial general election marked the first time in which more than one minority official was elected to a statewide office. The election of Attorney General and U.S. Senator in the 2016 presidential general election brought parity in representation between minorities and whites. Finally, the 2018 gubernatorial general election marked the first time in which there were more minorities than whites in the statewide offices.

California Statewide Elected Officials by Race and Ethnicity

Supt. of U.S. U.S. Lieutenant Attorney Secretary Insurance Governor Controller Treasurer Public Senate Senate Governor General of State Commissioner Instruction Class 1 Class 3

2019 Gavin Eleni Fiona Ricardo Tony Newsom Kounalakis Ma Lara Thurmond 2018 Xavier Kamala Becerra Harris 2017 Alex Betty Padilla Yee 2016 John 2015 Chiang

2014 Jerry Gavin Dave Tom Brown Newsom Jones Torlakson 2013 Kamala 2012 Harris 2011

2010 Debra John Bill 2009 Abel Bowen Chiang Lockyer Maldonado * 2008 Jerry Steve John 2007 Brown Poizner Garamendi Dianne Arnold Feinstein 2006 Schwarzenegger Jack Bruce O'Connell 2005 McPherson* Barbara Boxer 2004 Steve John Kevin 2003 Westly Garamendi Shelley 2002 Cruz Bill Philip Bustamante Lockyer Angelides 2001 Harry Gray 2000 Low * Davis 1999

1998 Bill Kathleen Delaine Jones Connell Eastin 1997 Chuck Quackenbush 1996 Pete Gray Dan Matt 1995 Wilson Davis Lungren Fong 1994 Source: Visualization created by StudyLA.

*This individual was appointed by the Governor and sworn in by the State Legislature, not directly elected by the people.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 7

VOTING PATTERNS

VOTER REGISTRATION The shift in demographic makeup of the elected leadership is associated with a shift in voting patterns. Since 1994, the percentage of registered Republicans has declined at a much faster rate than that of registered Democrats in both California and Los Angeles County. This decline has been absorbed by those who have registered with other political parties or those who have declined to state. While the percentage of registered Democrats has decreased over time, registered Democrats still make up the plurality in California and the majority in Los Angeles County.

Voter Registration in General Elections by Political Affiliation, Then and Now 100%

80%

60% 55.6% 49.0% 50.1% 43.4% 40% 37.2% 32.5% 31.7% 32.9% 24.0% 20% 17.0% 13.8% 12.7% 0% Then Now Then Now

California None Los Angeles County

Registered Democrats Registered Republicans Registered Other Party or Decline to State

Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994 and 2018

VOTER REGISTRATION VERSUS VOTER TURNOUT The following charts capture the percentage of registered voters from those eligible to vote (“voter registration”) and the percentage of actual voters from those eligible to register (“voter turnout”).

In California, the rate of voter turnout increased at a slightly faster rate than that of voter registration. Today, one out of every two Californians eligible to vote casts their ballot on Election Day. In Los Angeles County, the rate of voter turnout has only slightly increased, only two percent over time. Although the percent of registered voters has increased, still fewer than 50% of the eligible Angeleno voters cast a vote in the 2018 general election.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 8

Registered Voters versus Actual Voters in Gubernatorial Elections, Then and Now 100%

84.8% 80% 77.7% 78.2% 79.3%

60% 50.5% 47.0% 46.5% 48.5% 40%

20%

0% Then Now Then Now California None Los Angeles County

Registered Voters of those Eligible Actual Voters of those Eligible

Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994 and 2018

ELECTION RESULTS In California and Los Angeles County, the percentage of the total number of votes for the Democratic candidate in the Governor’s race has increased over time. Today, the percentage of the total number of votes for the Democratic candidate exceeds that of total number of votes for the Republican candidate. While there were more Republican votes in both California and Los Angeles in 1994, in 2018 California had 24% more votes for the Democratic candidate than the Republican candidate, and Los Angeles had a whopping 44% more Democratic votes than those for the Republican counterpart. In short, the trend demonstrates an increasing support for the Democratic candidate at both the state and local levels.

Total Vote for Candidates in General Elections, Governor’s Race, Then and Now 100%

80% 71.9% 60% 61.9% 50.4% 55.2% 40% 40.6% 38.1% 46.1% 28.1% 20%

0% Then Now Then Now California None Los Angeles County

Votes for Democratic Candidate Votes for Republican Candidate

Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994 and 2018

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 9

TOTAL POPULATION

RACE/ETHNICITY The shift in voting patterns is associated with a shift in the demographic makeup of the total population. In the , California, and Los Angeles County, the Latina/o population has increased over time. Further, the Latina/o population in California and Los Angeles County increased at a faster rate than what it did in the United States. Both geographies now have a greater Latina/o population than white population. In Los Angeles County, the Latina/o population makes up nearly half of the total population. It should be noted that although Latina/o representation continues to increase among the political leadership, Latina/o population is still underrepresented in the 186 partisan offices.

Latinas/os and White Non-Hispanics in the United States, California, and Los Angeles County, Then and Now 100%

80% 72.8% 60% 61.5% 52.8% 38.8% 40.3% 48.4% 40% 28.4% 37.9% 36.8% 26.5% 20% 17.6% 10.5% 0% Then Now Then Now Then Now

United States None California None Los Angeles County

Latina/o White Non-Hispanic

Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 10

CITIZENSHIP In the United States, California, and Los Angeles County, the percentage of foreign-born citizens has increased over time; in Los Angeles County, it has done so at an even faster rate. The percentage of U.S.-born citizens has decreased in both the United States and California, yet has remained the same in Los Angeles County. Still, in all three geographies, the gap between the number of U.S.-born citizens and foreign-born citizens has narrowed over time. Today, while nearly two-thirds of Los Angeles County residents are U.S.-born citizens, roughly one out of every six residents are foreign-born citizens.

Citizenship in the United States, California, and Los Angeles County, Then and Now 100% 90.7% 86.6% 80% 76.4% 73.0% 65.5% 65.6% 60%

40% 17.5% 20% 13.5% 23.2% 5.5% 7.0% 15.4% 11.0% 8.3% 16.9% 0% 13.5% 3.7% 6.4% Then Now Then Now Then Now

United States None California None Los Angeles County

U.S.-Born Citizen Foreign-Born Citizen Not A Citizen

Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

CONCLUSION

The movement that occurred at the time of California Proposition 187 changed the political landscape of California and Los Angeles County. The last 25 years have seen a dramatic shift in the makeup of political leadership. California leaders are now overwhelmingly Democratic and increasingly minority. This shift is associated with evolving California demographics and the changing political affiliation of voters. Voters are now less Republican and more ethnic minority. The upcoming 2020 Presidential Election and 2020 Decennial Census will likely advance these present trends. The recently passed California Voter’s Choice Act (2016) will give voters more freedom to choose how, when, and where to cast their ballots, optimizing voter experience and encouraging voter turnout. Other new voter laws will make voter registration easier, turning eligible voters into registered voters at faster rates. What happens in 2020 can further transform the political landscape of California, moving the state further from the political climate that brought about Prop 187.

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 11

APPENDIX

KEY ELECTION RESULTS: WHOLE NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – Governor California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election (D) 3,519,799 953,301 Pete Wilson (R)* 4,781,766 1,043,835 1998 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 4,860,702 1,297,896 (R) 3,218,030 615,642 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Gray Davis (D)* 3,533,490 953,162 (R) 3,169,801 594,748 2006 Gubernatorial General Election (D) 3,376,732 967,149 (R)* 4,850,157 907,919 2010 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 5,428,149 1,455,184 (R) 4,127,391 749,439 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Jerry Brown (D)* 4,388,368 978,142 (R) 2,929,213 485,186 2018 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 7,721,410 2,114,699 John Cox (R) 4,742,825 826,402 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Kathleen Brown (D) 40.6% 46.1% Pete Wilson (R)* 55.2% 50.4% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Gray Davis (D)* 58.0% 65.7% Dan Lungren (R) 38.4% 31.2% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Gray Davis (D)* 47.3% 55.9% Bill Simon (R) 42.4% 34.9% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Phil Angelides (D) 39.0% 49.1% Arnold Schwarzenegger (R)* 55.9% 46.1% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Jerry Brown (D)* 53.8% 62.7% Meg Whitman (R) 40.9% 32.3% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Jerry Brown (D)* 60.0% 66.8% Neel Kashkari (R) 40.0% 33.2% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Gavin Newsom (D)* 61.9% 71.9% John Cox (R) 38.1% 28.1% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 12

Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – Lieutenant Governor California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Gray Davis (D)* 4,441,429 1,170,122 Cathie Wright (R) 3,412,777 712,252 1998 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 4,290,473 1,186,799 Tim Leslie (R) 3,161,031 586,184 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Cruz Bustamante (D)* 3,658,942 987,483 Bruce McPherson 3,094,392 557,459 2006 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 4,189,584 1,116,151 Tom McClintock (R) 3,845,858 702,553 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Gavin Newsom (D)* 4,917,880 1,307,655 (R) 3,820,971 677,917 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Gavin Newsom (D)* 4,107,051 929,107 Ron Nehring (R) 3,078,039 495,577 2018 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 5,914,068 1,338,599 Ed Hernandez (D) 4,543,863 1,276,564 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Gray Davis (D)* 52.4% 58.1% Cathie Wright (R) 40.3% 35.3% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Cruz Bustamante (D)* 52.7% 62.1% Tim Leslie (R) 38.8% 30.7% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Cruz Bustamante (D)* 49.4% 58.9% Bruce McPherson 41.8% 33.2% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election John Garamendi (D)* 49.2% 58.0% Tom McClintock (R) 45.1% 36.5% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Gavin Newsom (D)* 50.2% 58.8% Abel Maldonado (R) 39.0% 30.5% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Gavin Newsom (D)* 57.2% 65.2% Ron Nehring (R) 42.8% 34.8% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Eleni Kounalakis (D)* 56.6% 51.2% Ed Hernandez (D) 43.4% 48.8% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 13

Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – Secretary of State California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Tony Miller (D) 3,960,841 992,169 Bill Jones (R)* 3,727,894 763,199 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Michela Alioto (D) 3,695,344 1,014,648 Bill Jones (R)* 3,785,069 752,737 2002 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 3,357,173 896,132 Keith Olberg (R) 3,070,879 558,315 2006 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 4,032,553 1,100,865 Bruce McPherson (R) 3,772,951 652,662 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Debra Bowen (D)* 5,105,307 1,355,308 Damon Dunn (R) 3,666,407 647,303 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Alex Padilla (D)* 3,799,711 880,939 Pete Peterson (R) 3,285,334 528,630 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Alex Padilla (D)* 7,909,521 2,161,421 Mark Meuser (R) 4,362,545 737,684 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Tony Miller (D) 44.8% 50.8% Bill Jones (R)* 45.3% 39.1% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Michela Alioto (D) 45.9% 53.7% Bill Jones (R)* 47.0% 39.8% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Kevin Shelley (D)* 46.3% 54.7% Keith Olberg (R) 42.4% 34.1% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Debra Bowen (D)* 48.1% 58.5% Bruce McPherson (R) 45.0% 34.7% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Debra Bowen (D)* 53.2% 62.0% Damon Dunn (R) 38.2% 29.7% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Alex Padilla (D)* 53.6% 62.5% Pete Peterson (R) 46.4% 37.5% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Alex Padilla (D)* 64.5% 74.6% Mark Meuser (R) 35.5% 25.4% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 14

Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – Attorney General California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election (D) 3,256,070 893,410 Dan Lungren (R)* 4,438,733 955,926 1998 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 4,119,139 1,134,245 Dave Stirling (R) 3,389,709 644,969 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Bill Lockyer (D)* 3,716,282 978,010 Dick Ackerman (R) 2,920,752 527,970 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Jerry Brown (D)* 4,756,184 1,222,860 Chuck Poochigian (R) 3,220,429 572,820 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Kamala Harris (D)* 4,442,781 1,181,304 Steve Cooler (R) 4,368,624 866,906 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Kamala Harris (D)* 4,102,649 957,238 Ronald Gold (R) 3,033,476 472,744 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Xavier Becerra (D)* 7,790,743 2,140,565 Steven Bailey (R) 4,465,581 755,785 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Tom Umberg (D) 39.5% 45.3% Dan Lungren (R)* 53.9% 48.4% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Bill Lockyer (D)* 51.5% 60.5% Dave Stirling (R) 42.4% 34.4% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Bill Lockyer (D)* 51.4% 59.7% Dick Ackerman (R) 40.4% 32.3% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Jerry Brown (D)* 56.3% 64.5% Chuck Poochigian (R) 38.2% 30.3% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Kamala Harris (D)* 46.1% 53.4% Steve Cooler (R) 45.3% 39.2% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Kamala Harris (D)* 57.5% 66.9% Ronald Gold (R) 42.5% 33.1% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Xavier Becerra (D)* 63.6% 73.9% Steven Bailey (R) 36.4% 26.1% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 15

Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – Treasurer California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Phil Angelides (D) 3,488,891 919,940 (R)* 3,970,308 862,477 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Phil Angelides (D)* 4,166,206 1,140,657 (R) 3,159,898 606,568 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Phil Angelides (D)* 3,546,583 956,205 Greg Conlon (R) 2,914,138 525,312 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Bill Lockyer (D)* 4,523,854 1,158,447 Claude Parrish (R) 3,095,615 559,876 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Bill Lockyer (D)* 5,433,222 1,428,277 Mimi Walters (R) 3,479,709 620,121 2014 Gubernatorial General Election John Chiang (D)* 4,176,793 949,745 Greg Conlon (R) 2,925,895 469,300 2018 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 7,825,587 2,126,054 Greg Conlon (R) 4,376,816 752,077 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Phil Angelides (D) 42.6% 46.9% Matt Fong (R)* 48.5% 44.0% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Phil Angelides (D)* 52.6% 60.8% Curt Pringle (R) 39.9% 32.4% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Phil Angelides (D)* 49.4% 58.2% Greg Conlon (R) 40.6% 32.0% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Bill Lockyer (D)* 54.4% 61.9% Claude Parrish (R) 37.3% 30.0% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Bill Lockyer (D)* 56.5% 65.0% Mimi Walters (R) 36.2% 28.2% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election John Chiang (D)* 58.8% 66.9% Greg Conlon (R) 41.2% 33.1% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Fiona Ma (D)* 64.1% 73.9% Greg Conlon (R) 35.9% 26.1% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 16

Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – Controller California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Kathleen Connell (D)* 3,983,053 1,087,398 Tom McClintock (R) 3,796,387 774,136 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Kathleen Connell (D)* 4,875,969 1,316,570 Ruben Narrales (R) 2,653,153 496,311 2002 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 3,289,839 898,440 Tim McClintock (R) 3,273,028 598,694 2006 Gubernatorial General Election John Chiang (D)* 4,232,313 1,089,306 (R) 3,360,611 621,387 2010 Gubernatorial General Election John Chiang (D)* 5,325,357 1,367,785 Tony Strickland (R) 3,487,014 641,554 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Betty Yee (D)* 3,810,304 852,777 Ashley Swearengin (R) 3,249,668 546,211 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Betty Yee (D)* 8,013,067 2,160,445 Konstantinos Roditis (R) 4,229,480 725,426 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Kathleen Connell (D)* 48.3% 55.1% Tom McClintock (R) 46.1% 39.2% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Kathleen Connell (D)* 60.9% 69.1% Ruben Narrales (R) 33.1% 26.1% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Steve Westly (D)* 45.4% 54.2% Tim McClintock (R) 45.1% 36.2% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election John Chiang (D)* 50.7% 57.6% Tony Strickland (R) 40.2% 32.9% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election John Chiang (D)* 55.2% 62.1% Tony Strickland (R) 36.1% 29.1% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Betty Yee (D)* 54.0% 61.0% Ashley Swearengin (R) 46.0% 39.0% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Betty Yee (D)* 65.5% 74.9% Konstantinos Roditis (R) 34.5% 25.1% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

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Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – Insurance Commissioner California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election (D) 3,567,996 991,476 Chuck Quackenbush (R)* 4,015,858 848,443 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Diane Martinez (D) 3,519,453 959,748 Chuck Quackenbush (R)* 4,006,762 836,834 2002 Gubernatorial General Election John Garamendi (D)* 3,346,937 871,779 Gary Mendoza (R) 2,998,243 545,306 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Cruz Bustamante (D) 3,204,536 891,354 (R)* 4,229,986 786,131 2010 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 4,765,400 1,300,423 Mike Villines (R) 3,540,626 610,904 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Dave Jones (D)* 4,038,165 932,863 Ted Gaines (R) 2,981,951 466,963 2018 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 6,186,039 1,709,475 Steve Poizner (NPP) 5,515,293 1,042,980 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Art Torres (D) 43.4% 50.2% Chuck Quackenbush (R)* 48.8% 43.0% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Diane Martinez (D) 43.8% 50.4% Chuck Quackenbush (R)* 49.9% 44.0% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election John Garamendi (D)* 46.5% 53.9% Gary Mendoza (R) 41.7% 33.7% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Cruz Bustamante (D) 38.5% 47.7% Steve Poizner (R)* 50.9% 42.1% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Dave Jones (D)* 50.6% 60.5% Mike Villines (R) 37.6% 28.4% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Dave Jones (D)* 57.5% 66.6% Ted Gaines (R) 42.5% 33.4% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Ricardo Lara (D)* 52.9% 62.1% Steve Poizner (NPP) 47.1% 37.9% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All Gubernatorial General Elections, 1994-2018

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

Loyola Marymount University Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles 25 YEARS AFTER PROP 187 | 18

Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – U.S. Senate Seat 1 California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election (D)* 3,979,152 1,046,026 Michael Huffington (R) 3,817,025 819,594 2000 Presidential General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 5,932,522 1,677,668 Tom Campbell (R) 3,886,853 743,872 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 5,076,289 1,298,820 Richard Mountjoy (R) 2,990,822 536,200 2012 Presidential General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 7,864,624 2,183,654 Elizabeth Emken (R) 4,713,887 868,924 2018 Presidential General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 6,019,422 1,565,167 Kevin de Leon (D) 5,093,942 1,146,044 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for Select General Elections, 1994-2018

California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 46.7% 51.5% Michael Huffington (R) 44.8% 40.4% 2000 Presidential General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 55.9% 64.4% Tom Campbell (R) 36.6% 28.6% 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 59.5% 67.2% Richard Mountjoy (R) 35.1% 27.8% 2012 Presidential General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 62.5% 71.5% Elizabeth Emken (R) 37.5% 28.5% 2018 Presidential General Election Dianne Feinstein (D)* 54.2% 57.4% Kevin de Leon (D) 45.8% 42.3% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for Select General Elections, 1994-2018

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

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Total Vote for All Candidates in General Elections, 1994-2018 – U.S. Senate Seat 2 California LA County 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Barbara Boxer (D)* 4,411,705 1,198,403 Matt Fong (R) 3,576,351 704,782 2004 Presidential General Election Barbara Boxer (D)* 6,955,728 1,940,493 Bill Jones (R) 4,555,922 822,351 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Barbara Boxer (D)* 5,218,137 1,432,450 Carly Fiorina (R) 4,217,386 749,353 2016 Presidential General Election Kamala Harris (D)* 7,542,753 1,895,675 (D) 4,701,417 1,218,236 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for Select General Elections, 1998-2016

California LA County 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Barbara Boxer (D)* 53.1% 60.8% Matt Fong (R) 43.0% 35.8% 2004 Presidential General Election Barbara Boxer (D)* 57.8% 66.8% Bill Jones (R) 37.8% 28.3% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Barbara Boxer (D)* 52.2% 62.3% Carly Fiorina (R) 42.2% 32.6% 2016 Presidential General Election Kamala Harris (D)* 61.6% 60.9% Loretta Sanchez (D) 38.4% 39.1% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for Select General Elections, 1998-2016

*Denotes the candidate who won the election

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VOTER REGISTRATION AND PARTICIPATION DATA: WHOLE NUMBERS Eligible, Registered, and Actual Voters in All General Elections, 1994-2004 California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 18,946,358 4,620,158 Registered Voters 14,723,784 3,665,868 Registered Democrats 7,219,635 2,037,899 Registered Republicans 5,472,391 1,162,889 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 2,031,758 465,080 Actual Voters 8,900,593 2,147,678 1996 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 19,526,991 4,517,259 Registered Voters 15,662,075 3,857,805 Registered Democrats 7,387,504 2,084,994 Registered Republicans 5,704,536 1,174,039 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 2,570,035 598,777 Actual Voters 10,263,490 2,505,790 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 20,806,462 5,221,673 Registered Voters 14,969,185 3,854,817 Registered Democrats 6,989,006 2,079,923 Registered Republicans 5,314,912 1,118,723 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 2,665,267 656,171 Actual Voters 8,621,121 2,058,862 2000 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 21,461,275 5,367,115 Registered Voters 15,707,307 4,075,037 Registered Democrats 7,134,601 2,168,085 Registered Republicans 5,485,492 1,132,380 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 3,087,214 774,572 Actual Voters 11,142,843 2,769,927 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 21,466,274 5,513,142 Registered Voters 15,303,469 3,976,189 Registered Democrats 6,825,400 2,080,329 Registered Republicans 5,388,895 1,096,842 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 3,089,174 799,018 Actual Voters 7,738,821 1,784,320 2004 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 22,075,036 5,656,610 Registered Voters 16,557,273 3,972,738 Registered Democrats 7,120,425 2,016,280 Registered Republicans 5,745,518 1,071,615 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 3,691,330 884,843 Actual Voters 12,589,683 3,085,582 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All General Elections, 1994-2004

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Eligible, Registered, and Actual Voters in All General Elections, 2006-2018 California LA County 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 22,652,190 5,708,463 Registered Voters 15,837,108 3,914,138 Registered Democrats 6,727,908 1,946,939 Registered Republicans 5,436,314 1,057,648 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 3,672,886 909,551 Actual Voters 8,899,059 2,033,119 2008 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 23,208,710 5,775,838 Registered Voters 17,304,091 4,298,440 Registered Democrats 7,683,495 2,226,641 Registered Republicans 5,428,052 1,034,213 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 4,192,544 1,037,586 Actual Voters 13,743,177 3,368,057 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 23,551,699 5,823,294 Registered Voters 17,285,883 4,449,415 Registered Democrats 7,620,240 2,286,987 Registered Republicans 5,361,875 1,049,383 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 4,303,768 1,113,045 Actual Voters 10,300,392 2,377,105 2012 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 23,802,577 5,976,156 Registered Voters 18,245,970 4,758,437 Registered Democrats 7,966,422 2,430,612 Registered Republicans 5,356,608 1,037,031 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 4,922,940 1,290,794 Actual Voters 13,202,158 3,236,704 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 24,288,145 6,096,320 Registered Voters 17,803,823 4,897,915 Registered Democrats 7,708,683 2,473,691 Registered Republicans 5,005,422 1,010,254 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 5,089,718 1,413,970 Actual Voters 7,513,972 1,518,835 2016 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 24,875,293 6,222,266 Registered Voters 19,411,771 5,253,427 Registered Democrats 8,720,417 2,722,087 Registered Republicans 5,048,398 975,015 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 5,642,956 1,556,325 Actual Voters 14,610,509 3,544,115 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 25,200,451 6,230,147 Registered Voters 19,696,371 5,280,658 Registered Democrats 8,557,427 2,644,567 Registered Republicans 4,735,054 899,923 Registered Other Party or Decline to State 6,403,890 1,736,168 Actual Voters 12,712,542 3,023,417 Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All General Elections, 2006-2018

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VOTER REGISTRATION AND PARTICIPATION DATA: PERCENTAGES Eligible, Registered, and Actual Voters in All General Elections, 1994-2004 California LA County 1994 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 18,946,358 4,620,158 Registered Voters 77.7% 79.3% Registered Democrats 49.0% 55.6% Registered Republicans 37.2% 31.7% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 13.8% 12.7% Actual Voters from those Registered 60.5% 58.6% 1996 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 19,526,991 4,517,259 Registered Voters 80.2% 85.4% Registered Democrats 47.2% 54.0% Registered Republicans 36.4% 30.4% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 16.4% 15.5% Actual Voters from those Registered 65.5% 65.0% 1998 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 20,806,462 5,221,673 Registered Voters 71.9% 73.8% Registered Democrats 46.7% 54.0% Registered Republicans 35.5% 29.0% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 17.8% 17.0% Actual Voters from those Registered 57.6% 53.4% 2000 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 21,461,275 5,367,115 Registered Voters 73.2% 75.9% Registered Democrats 45.4% 53.2% Registered Republicans 34.9% 27.8% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 19.7% 19.0% Actual Voters from those Registered 70.9% 68.0% 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 21,466,274 5,513,142 Registered Voters 71.3% 72.1% Registered Democrats 44.6% 52.3% Registered Republicans 35.2% 27.6% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 20.2% 20.1% Actual Voters from those Registered 50.6% 44.9% 2004 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 22,075,036 5,656,610 Registered Voters 75.0% 70.2% Registered Democrats 43.0% 50.8% Registered Republicans 34.7% 27.0% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 22.3% 22.3% Actual Voters from those Registered 76.0% 77.7% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All General Elections, 1994-2004

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Eligible, Registered, and Actual Voters in All General Elections, 2006-2018 California LA County 2006 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 22,652,190 5,708,463 Registered Voters 69.9% 68.6% Registered Democrats 42.5% 49.7% Registered Republicans 34.3% 27.0% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 23.2% 23.% Actual Voters from those Registered 56.2% 51.9% 2008 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 23,208,710 5,775,838 Registered Voters 74.6% 74.4% Registered Democrats 44.4% 51.8% Registered Republicans 31.4% 24.1% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 24.2% 24.1% Actual Voters from those Registered 79.4% 78.4% 2010 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 23,551,699 5,823,294 Registered Voters 73.4% 76.4% Registered Democrats 44.1% 51.4% Registered Republicans 31.0% 23.6% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 24.9% 25.0% Actual Voters from those Registered 59.6% 53.4% 2012 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 23,802,577 5,976,156 Registered Voters 76.7% 79.6% Registered Democrats 43.7% 51.1% Registered Republicans 29.4% 21.8% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 27.0% 27.1% Actual Voters from those Registered 72.4% 68.0% 2014 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 24,288,145 6,096,320 Registered Voters 73.3% 80.3% Registered Democrats 43.3% 50.5% Registered Republicans 28.1% 20.6% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 28.6% 28.9% Actual Voters from those Registered 42.2% 31.0% 2016 Presidential General Election Eligible Voters 24,875,293 6,222,266 Registered Voters 78.0% 84.4% Registered Democrats 44.9% 51.8% Registered Republicans 26.0% 18.6% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 29.1% 29.6% Actual Voters from those Registered 75.3% 67.5% 2018 Gubernatorial General Election Eligible Voters 25,200,451 6,230,147 Registered Voters 78.2% 84.8% Registered Democrats 43.4% 50.1% Registered Republicans 24.0% 17.0% Registered Other Party or Decline to State 32.5% 32.9% Actual Voters from those Registered 64.5% 57.3% Source: California Secretary of State Final Official Election Results for All General Elections, 2006-2018

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POPULATION DATA: WHOLE NUMBERS United States Then Now

Total Population 261,794,686 321,004,407 Adult Population 194,714,502 247,403,128

Latina/o or Hispanic 27,534,763 56,510,571 White Non-Hispanic 190,698,087 197,277,789 African American Non-Hispanic 31,108,911 39,445,495 Asian American Non-Hispanic 8,230,283 16,989,540

U.S.-Born Citizen 237,491,141 277,976,280 Foreign Born Naturalized Citizen 9,815,249 20,690,362 Foreign Born Not A Citizen 14,488,296 22,337,765 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates California Then Now

Total Population 31,404,672 38,982,847 Adult Population 23,054,305 30,910,058

Latina/o or Hispanic 8,921,152 15,105,860 White Non-Hispanic 16,583,093 14,777,594 African American Non-Hispanic 2,139,190 2,161,459 Asian American Non-Hispanic 3,108,212 5,427,928

U.S.-Born Citizen 23,983,675 28,464,359 Foreign Born Naturalized Citizen 2,599,872 5,267,884 Foreign Born Not A Citizen 4,821,125 5,250,604 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Los Angeles County Then Now

Total Population 9,125,634 10,105,722 Adult Population 6,662,777 7,832,142

Latina/o or Hispanic 3,680,555 4,893,579 White Non-Hispanic 3,355,156 2,676,982 African American Non-Hispanic 921,454 799,579 Asian American Non-Hispanic 1,004,402 1,442,577

U.S.-Born Citizen 5,974,218 6,626,843 Foreign Born Naturalized Citizen 1,000,321 1,767,074 Foreign Born Not A Citizen 2,116,496 1,711,805 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

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POPULATION DATA: PERCENTAGES United States Then Now

Total Population 261,794,686 321,004,407 Adult Population 74.4% 77.1%

Latina/o or Hispanic 10.5% 17.6% White Non-Hispanic 72.8% 61.5% African American Non-Hispanic 11.9% 12.3% Asian American Non-Hispanic 3.1% 5.3%

U.S.-Born Citizen 90.7% 86.6% Foreign Born Naturalized Citizen 3.7% 6.4% Foreign Born Not A Citizen 5.5% 7.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates California Then Now

Total Population 31,404,672 38,982,847 Adult Population 73.4% 79.3%

Latina/o or Hispanic 28.4% 38.8% White Non-Hispanic 52.8% 37.9% African American Non-Hispanic 6.8% 5.5% Asian American Non-Hispanic 9.9% 13.9%

U.S.-Born Citizen 76.4% 73.0% Foreign Born Naturalized Citizen 8.3% 13.5% Foreign Born Not A Citizen 15.4% 13.5% Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Los Angeles County Then Now

Total Population 9,125,634 10,105,722 Adult Population 73.0% 77.5%

Latina/o or Hispanic 40.3% 48.4% White Non-Hispanic 36.8% 26.5% African American Non-Hispanic 10.1% 7.9% Asian American Non-Hispanic 11.0% 14.3%

U.S.-Born Citizen 65.5% 65.6% Foreign Born Naturalized Citizen 11.0% 17.5% Foreign Born Not A Citizen 23.2% 16.9% Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Decennial Census, 2000 Decennial Census, and 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

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