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The Basics Of Genetically Modified Organisms: Good, Bad, or Both? Action Research CME Study by Celina Makowski (Principle Investigator) and the Flagler Hospital CME Committee Informed Consent Study Title: Evaluating the Change in Knowledge, Clinical Practice, and Behavior Outcomes of a Community Hospital’s Enduring Continuing Medical Education Activity on the Topic of Genetically Modified Organisms. Study type: Action Research Researcher: Celina Makowski; employee of Flagler Hospital as Manager, CPPD/CME Researcher contact information: [email protected] or 819-4409 Introduction This enduring continuing medical education (CME) activity was created in partnership by the CME Coordinator and CME Committee as part of a doctoral action research study affiliated with Capella University in the School of Public Service Leadership. The Researcher is employed by Flagler Hospital as the Coordinator of Continuing Medical Education/Medical Librarian. If the professional association causes you discomfort you may decline expressing an interest in this study. The information in these next few slides is provided as a reminder of the informed consent form that was sent to you attached to the Genetically Modified Organisms: Good, Bad, or Both? CME activity announcement/study recruitment flyer. As a reminder, if you have any questions or did not understand something within the consent form, you should stop this CME activity and contact the researcher, Celina Makowski, by calling 819-4409 or via e-mail [email protected]. Do not agree to participate in the study unless your questions have been answered. What is this study about? The researcher wants to learn about the changes in knowledge, clinical practice and behavior of physicians, physicians‟ assistants, nurse practitioners, and hospital staff that complete the continuing medical education activity. Participating in the research study is voluntary. Do you want to be in the research study? • Submit a signed consent form prior to completing the Pre-test and CME activity o To obtain a study consent form Click the consent form link within the CME activity folder OR Contact the researcher, Celina Makowski, at 904-819-4409 or e-mail celina.makowski@flaglerhospital o Signed consent forms can be submitted to the researcher via: o Inter-office mail or drop off in Medical Staff Library o E-mail to [email protected] o Fax to 904-819-5290 Do you have additional questions about the study? • Contact the researcher, Celina Makowski, at 904-819-4409 or e-mail celina.makowski@flaglerhospital As a reminder, you may complete the following CME activity to earn credits without participating in the research study. Pre-Test • Please answer the pre-test questions before starting the CME activity by clicking the Pre-Test link within the CME activity folder or • at https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/GMOpretest Genetically Modified Organisms: Good, Bad, or Both? Activity Release: 01/23/2017 Action Research Study Expiration: 09/01/2017 Activity Expiration: 01/23/2018 Target Audience: All physicians, physicians‟ assistants, nurse practitioners and other healthcare professionals and hospital employees interested in genetically modified organisms. Disclosures: o No Commercial Interest o No relevant financial interest by faculty or CME Committee Planners o No investigational products/products not labeled for use is mentioned within the CME activity. Faculty Celina Makowski, MBA Manager, CPPD/CME Flagler Hospital, Inc. Contact Number: 904-819-4409 E-mail: [email protected] CME Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, participants will be able to: • 1. Define genetically modified organisms (GMO) and the various types of genetic modifications utilized in plants and animals. • 2. Consider the historical and future impact of GMO on the food and pharmaceutical supply. • 3. Discuss the controversial benefits, health risks and conflicts of interest associated with GMO products. • 4. Summarize the various positions and viewpoints of medical and governmental organizations, scientists, and consumers. How To Obtain CME/CEU Credit Complete Pre-Test Complete the CME Activity & read the patient education handout- approximate time 1 hour Complete the Post-Test with a passing score of 80% and activity evaluation via SurveyMonkey® link. Complete the Sustained Knowledge question and post-activity evaluation via SurveyMonkey® link emailed to you approximately 3 weeks after activity completion. Accreditation/Credit Statement Flagler Hospital is accredited by the Florida Medical Association to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Flagler Hospital designates this educational activity for maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Flagler Hospital designates this educational activity for 1.00 CE/U. CE Broker: 50-664 Disclaimer This information in this educational activity is provided for general medical education purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the independent medical judgment of a physician relative to diagnostic and treatment options of a specific patient‟s medical condition. The viewpoints expressed in this CME activity are those of the authors/faculty. They do not represent an endorsement by Flagler Hospital. In no event will Flagler Hospital be liable for any decision made or action taken in reliance upon the information provided through this CME activity. Video Sacerdote, A. (n.d.) Fed up!-genetic engineering, industrial agriculture and sustainable alternatives. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/FedUp-GeneticEngineeringIndustrialAgricultureAndSustainable Video Sacerdote, A. (n.d.) Fed up!-genetic engineering, industrial agriculture and sustainable alternatives. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/FedUp-GeneticEngineeringIndustrialAgricultureAndSustainable Definitions • The American Heritage® Abbreviations Dictionary ▫ “An organism or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered by means of genetic engineering.” 1 • World Health Organization ▫ “Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms (i.e. plants, animals or microorganisms) in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination.” 2 • Monsanto Company ▫ “A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism the genetics of which have been altered through the use of modern biotechnology to create a novel combination of genetic material. GMOs may be the source of genetically modified food ingredients and are also widely used in scientific research and to produce goods other than food.” 3 1. GMO. (n.d.) The American Heritage® Abbreviations Dictionary, (3rd ed). (2005). Retrieved March 12, 2016, from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/gmo 2. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions on genetically modified foods. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-genetically-modified-food/en/ 3. Monsanto Company. (2015). Glossary. Retrieved fromhttp://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/pages/glossary.aspx#geneticmodification Purpose of Genetic Modified Crops • Feeding the World of 2050 ▫ Current population is approximately 7.2 billion people 879 million people are currently chronically hungry 2 billion people are malnourished • Farmer benefits ▫ Increase worldwide food supply ▫ Increased crop protection to yield improved productivity Resistant to diseases from pests and viruses Resistant to herbicides for improved weed control Climate change challenges More severe droughts – agriculture uses 70% of fresh water in world • Consumer benefits ▫ Increased food supply equals lower cost ▫ Increased durability of crops reduce food waste ▫ Planned improved nutritional value James, C. (2015). ISAA Brief 49-2014: Executive Summary: Global status of commercialized biotech/GM Crops: 2014. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Application. Retrieved March 6, 2016, from http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/49/executivesummary/default.asp Traditional Methods Genetic alteration of plants and animals • Plants ▫ According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, “plant breeding is the application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. This is accomplished by selecting plants found to be economically or aesthetically desirable, first by controlling the mating of selected individuals, and then be selecting certain individuals among the progeny.” 1 ▫ Dates back to ancient times when people domesticated plants for food ▫ Farmers saved plant seed that had best characteristics for new crops • Animals ▫ According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, “animal breeding is controlled propagation of domestic animals in order to improve desirable qualities.” • Domestication of animals ▫ Pig, to provide food for human consumption ▫ Dog, used as a societal tool, i.e. hunting, protection, companionship • Cross breeding of animals ▫ Cows, to develop stronger, more viable herds ▫ Fish, for increased production • Random trait selection ▫ No direct control of DNA Allard, R. (2015, December 2). Plant breeding. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved fromhttp://www.britannica.com/science/plant-breeding Freeman, A. (2016). Animal breeding. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved fromhttp://www.britannica.com/science/animal-breeding Modern Methods • Genetic Engineering ▫ According to Encyclopedia Britannica, “genetic engineering
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