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En 2010, James Kerr Fue —Casi— Un James Kerr:katzeubach.qxd 15/08/2017 04:20 p.m. Página 24 JAMES KERR “LOS LÍDERES REALES CREAN LÍDERES” n 2010, James Kerr fue —casi— un All momento transicional: “Mejores personas hacen ¿QUÉ HACEN LOS ALL BLACKS DESPUÉS Black. Durante cinco semanas, el con- mejores All Blacks”. No fue un cambio de juego: sultor especializado en top management DE GANAR UN PARTIDO? BARREN EL fue un cambio de cultura. —de los Navy Seals a las principales VESTUARIO. LITERALMENTE, “LIMPIAN ¿Cuán importante es la cultura para conseguir multinacionales del showbiz— tuvo la resultados exitosos en una organización? oEportunidad de seguir de cerca a una de las vacas SU PROPIA MUGRE”. ES UN EJERCICIO Obviamente, es muy difícil medir el efecto de la sagradas de la ovalada mientras se preparaba para DE DISCIPLINA PERSONAL VINCULADO A cultura en resultados comerciales, pero una de las dar, probablemente, la batalla más decisiva de su cosas que nos permiten los deportes es tratar de LAS 15 LECCIONES QUE PROPONE ‘EL trayectoria: el Mundial de Rugby de 2011, con medir algo de ese impacto. En el libro (NdR: sede en su Nueva Zelanda natal. A pesar de un GURÚ DE LOS CEOS’ EN LEGADO, SU Legado. 15 lecciones sobre liderazgo, editado en cas- impresionante promedio de victorias del 75 por tellano por Club House) escribo sobre los All BEST SELLER. POR QUÉ EL CASO DE ciento en 100 años, el único Mundial que habían Blacks entre 2004 y el presente. Es el período en podido conseguir hasta ese momento había sido el ÉXITO DE UNO DE LOS MEJORES que realmente tuvieron una renovación cultural de 1987 y, para peor, venían de la eliminación en EQUIPOS EN LA HISTORIA DEL DEPORTE —en ese momento relanzaron el Haka—, hicieron cuartos de final a manos de la selección francesa en una introspección y analizaron cuáles eran sus Cardiff 2007. La Ferrari deportiva había chocado PUEDE INSPIRAR A LAS EMPRESAS. valores más profundos, cuál era su propósito y contra un paredón bleu y, esta vez, ya no había Txt: Cecilia Filas cómo debía ser el liderazgo del equipo en térmi- lugar para la derrota. nos de qué ambiente querían crear. En 2004 eran, Algo tenía que cambiar. “No podés trabajar toda probablemente, el equipo más exitoso en la la semana y después tener libre de sábado a lunes Después de todo, ningún equipo alcanza un 75 % Historia del deporte: tenían un promedio de victo- para emborracharte”, se quejaba Guilbert Enoka, de eficiencia sin dominar su juego. Tras aquella rias del 75 % en 100 años. Diez años más tarde, el coach psicológico de los All Blacks. Sólo un derrota y borrachera célebre, 8 figuras clave del habían ganado casi el 95 % de todos los partidos ejemplo: en 2004, y luego de una apabullante team se citaron en la sede de la Unión de Rugby jugados. Es decir: mejoraron casi en 20 % una de derrota (40-26) contra sus rivales de Sudáfrica, de Nueva Zelanda, “para arreglar las cosas”. ¿Los las estadísticas deportivas más impresionantes gra- algunos de los All Blacks volvieron al hotel para, participantes? Graham Henry, el emblemático cias a hacer foco no en el rugby sino en los aspec- literalmente, ahogar sus penas. Algunos termina- entrenador de los All Blacks; sus ayudantes, Wayne tos blandos, como liderazgo, carácter, cultura. ron tan borrachos por los pasillos del cinco estre- Smith y Steve Hansen; Enoka; Darren Shand, el ¿Cómo se concilia identidad con flexibilidad en llas que los Springbocks, sus verdugos en la can- manager del equipo; Brian Lochore, excapitán; tiempos de cambio constante del mercado? cha, tuvieron que asistirlos por miedo a que se Tana Umaga y Richie McCaw, capitán y subcapi- En un mundo cambiante, el código bajo el que produjeran incidentes más graves. tán respectivamente. Luego de tres días de delibe- vivís —la cultura y la identidad— se vuelve todavía Algo tenía que cambiar. Estaba claro. Pero, ¿qué? raciones, surgió la idea fuerza que marcaría ese más importante. Y esto se ve en los militares: los 24> CLASE James Kerr:katzeubach.qxd 15/08/2017 12:30 p.m. Página 25 Navy Seals entran en ambientes muy difíciles o profundos? En este corto tiempo que tengo en la fianza de que, en realidad, sos lo suficientemente entornos VUCA (NdR: Volatile, uncertain, com- Tierra, ¿qué quiero hacer? ¿Cómo quiero usar mi poderoso para hacerlo, ¡eso es empoderamiento! plex and amibiguous, por sus siglas en inglés, o volá- tiempo?”. Si podés responder esas preguntas y Cuando estoy seguro de mis propias habilidades, til, incierto, complejo y ambiguo) como los llaman, transformarlas en una narrativa poderosa —ya sea no necesito acaparar el poder: puedo delegarlo un y no están muy seguros de qué les espera, así que individualmente, con un equipo, una organización poco y eso tiende a dar resultados. Los líderes rea- sus principios, el ethos que tienen, es lo que los o un país—, se transforma en una bandera para les crean líderes. En los negocios se le dice empo- mantiene unidos. De una forma extraña, la cons- ciertas acciones y comportamientos. Creo que las deramiento, y tiene una connotación como de tancia es su identidad en un mundo cambiante. historias son lo que realmente motiva y mueve a color rosa, pero en el ejército le dicen mission com- Hoy, hay empresas que se dedican a negocios muy los seres humanos: te dan un propósito, expresan mand. La doctrina fundamental del liderazgo mili- distintos de los que alguna vez pensaron que esta- tus valores y comunican quién sos. La gente se tar es sobre el empoderamiento: cómo conseguir a rían haciendo. Por ejemplo, las automotrices están conecta a través de las historias, y esa conexión la gente correcta para tu organización, que tenga un poco también en la industria de las computa- alrededor de un mismo sistema de creencias es lo el entrenamiento y los recursos apropiados, que doras, los GPS y las baterías, entre otros. Así que que hace grandes a los equipos y a los países. entienda cuál es su propósito y pueda descubrir lo que mantiene a esa compañía organizada, cohe- ¿Qué rol juega el concepto de legado en una cómo hacer que las cosas funcionen. Esa sensación rente y unida, tiene que ver con la forma en que corporación del siglo XXI? de autoconfianza y compromiso es irremplazable. hacen las cosas, el ethos, la energía. Diría que, A medida que las personas maduran, tienden a ser De las 15 lecciones sobre liderazgo que mientras más cambios haya, se vuelve cada vez más más buenas, más compasivas, más humanas o más aplican los All Blacks, ¿cuál es más urgente importante enfocarse en la cuestión de la cultura interesadas en otros seres humanos. Cuando tene- de incorporar en los negocios? organizacional. Y, por supuesto, los cambios tam- mos familia, ya no se trata tanto de nosotros sino La metáfora que quería usar es que hay 15 juga- poco tienen que ser siempre revolucionarios. Creo de qué podemos hacer por nuestros hijos, por la dores en un equipo de rugby y que ellos son los que otra de las grandes lecciones que las empresas próxima generación. Seguro que hay muchos nar- 15 principios: porque lo realmente importante es pueden aprender del deporte es el concepto de cisistas infantiles manejando empresas —o incluso cómo funcionan juntos. Podés establecer cuáles sumatoria de ganancias marginales: las pequeñas algunas democracias que no mencionaremos por son tus valores pero, si no los hacés reales para la cosas que hacés todos los días y que marcan una ahora—, y se advierte el efecto que eso tiene. gente, entonces es como si estuvieran simplemente diferencia enorme a largo plazo, sobre todo a nivel Steve Kerr, de los Cleveland Cavaliers, dice que escritos en la pared. Al final, todo se reduce a los colectivo. Sean Fitzpatrick, un antiguo capitán de una de las cosas básicas que buscan en su recluta- valores: ¿qué vas a defender y qué no vas a defen- los All Blacks, dijo: “La excelencia son mejorías miento son personas que hayan superado su ego. der? Uno de los valores de Enron era la integri- mínimas hechas de manera consistente”. Entonces, ¡Esa es una posición muy poderosa! Porque las dad... ¡Y mirá lo que pasó! La distancia entre sus ¿cómo las empresas pueden encontrar esas peque- personas engreídas generalmente son las que tie- valores y sus acciones, o entre sus creencias y sus ñas formas de mejorar todos los días? Ese pensa- nen la autoestima más baja. Pero los que están comportamientos, era muy amplia y eso se volvió miento de “cambiar el juego cuando estás al tope seguros de sus propias habilidades no necesitan desastroso. Lo que observé, no sólo en los All de tu liga” puede ser una manera: no necesita alardear ni imponerse porque están felices y cómo- Blacks sino en muchos otros equipos de alto ren- haber un giro revolucionario a cada momento, dos en su propia piel. Es carácter y personalidad. dimiento, es que tienden a estar muy conectados pero sí un pequeño cambio todos los días. Transferir responsabilidad implica ceder con sus valores: buscan formas de hacerlos reales. ¿Qué tan importante es la mística que la cierta cuota de poder. ¿Por qué a un líder le Si te separás de tus valores, terminás como Enron empresa crea sobre sí misma? conviene, estratégicamente, delegar? o —con suerte no me demandan— Volkswagen: Asesoro a muchos equipos y empresas, y una de Los Navy Seals me dijeron una frase que me se supone que la integridad es una gran parte de la las frases que suelo usar es: “La historia que te quedó grabada: “La valentía del liderazgo es la empresa pero manipulaban los niveles de emisión.
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