Projective Views Doctor of Design Conference February 7th, 2014 / 10.00 – 18.00 on Urban Piper Auditorium / Harvard GSD

ORGANIZERS

Daniel Ibañez Nikos Katsikis Daniel Daou Ali Fard Taraneh Meshkani Pablo Pérez Ramos

SPONSORS

Advanced Studies Program Doctor of Design (DDES) Conference Urban Theory Lab and Environment Lab New Geographies Lab Department of Architecture Department of Urban Metabolism Student Group

The conference ‘Projective Views of Urban Metabolism’ is directly connected to the upcoming issue of the New Geographies journal ‘Grounding Metabolism’ scheduled to be published in May 2014.

GSD.HARVARD.EDU/NEWGEOGRAPHIES

gsd.harvard.edu/events/urban-metabolism 4 5

During the last two decades, the concept of urban at the regional scale. On the other hand, while more metabolism, has been subject to both extensive and more geographically detached and absorbed into empirical research and, increasingly, critical discussion a global logistical of exchange, metabolic within the natural and social sciences. Aiming to relations are still deeply interwoven with territorial grasp the continuous processes of energy, material transformations in land use , settlement and population exchange within and between typologies, operational , and and their extensive hinterlands, urban metabolism ecological regimes. promises a systematic-AB assessment of the complex socio- environmental interdependencies associated with the At the same time contemporary discussions on continuous human occupation of the earth. urban metabolism have been largely biased between technoscientific approaches, limited to a performative At the same time, the design disciplines have often interpretation of flows and and more critical attempts realized the potentials emerging from a projective focusing on the sociopolitical. Within this context, understanding of STurban metabolism in shaping spatial design disciplines, fascinated by a need to grasp and strategies. From Geddes’ Valley Section and its postwar reorganize the fluidity of metabolic processes, have interpretation by Team X, to Fuller’s regenerative privileged notions of elasticity and adaptability ignoring techoscientific utopias, or the megastructures of the often-sclerotic of settlements, landscapes the Japanese Metabolists, concepts, models and and infrastructures. designs have attempted RA to formalize the links between socioeconomic processes and environmental attributes A Projective approach to Urban Metabolism could responding to their respective contexts. offer a more elaborate understanding of the relation between organizational models of processes and the However this task is becoming extremely challenging: formal, physical and material specificities of spatial On the one hand,CT- the contemporary condition of structures across scales. Alternative, synthetic routes generalized is characterized by an to design –through concepts, models, visualizations, unprecedented complexity and planetary up-scaling interventions- could expand its agency while enriching of metabolic relations, which were historically confined the contemporary discussions on Urban Metabolism. 6 SCHEDULE AND SCHEDULE AND 7 PANEL STRUCTURE PANEL STRUCTURE

12.30 - 13.30 _ LUNCH BREAK

The goals of “Projective Views on Urban Metabolism” are, through the lens of urban Panel Two Territorial metabolism, to: [Panel 1] generally reassess Transformations

the planetary rescaling of contemporary 13.30- 15.30 urbanization processes; [Panel 2] unpack the historical transformation of spatial forms and Lola Sheppard structures and subsequently, the emergence Territorial : Far Flung Urbanisms of new operative territories for design; [Panel 3]-SC explore the agency of design Salvador Rueda in confronting these challenges. Towards a New Metabolic System for Cities Jane Hutton + Kiel Moe Plotting Central Park and the Empire State Building - HE Moderator: Pierre Belanger

Panel One Metabolic Upscaling 15.30 - 16.00 _ COFFEE BREAK Jason W. Moore Metabolic RiftDU or Metabolic Shift? From Dualism to Dialectics in the Emergence of World-Ecological Modernities Panel Three The Agency of Design Erle Ellis

Anthropocene : Mitchell Joachim Converging Existential and Conceptual Baselines 16.00- 18.00 LE- Socio- Timothy W. Luke Urbanism as Cyborganicity: Chris Reed Tracking the Materialities of the Projective Processes

10.00 - 12.30 10.00 Anthropocene as Metrometabolomes Ila Berman Matthew Gandy Productive Recircuiting Periodicities and Metabolisms - - Moderator: Hashim Sarkis Moderator: Neil Brenner Jason W.Moore - 01 stands capitalism asabundleof relations between humanand of life: capitalism andnature. The dialectical alternative under perspective posits capitalism asontologically priorto the web amount of sense. Butisitgoodsense? The metabolic rift “planetary crisis.” Catastrophe ensues. Itall makes acertain ism develops, thedisruption of nature escalates, leadingto systems; socialsystems disrupt natural systems; ascapital - natural systems.” Social systems are separate from natural “a disruption intheexchange between socialsystems and bolic rifthascometo signify, inRichard York’s words, separation, rather thanreconfiguration andunity, themeta- colorful andinfluential varieties. Emphasizing disruption and decades, “metabolic rift” thinkingissurely oneof its most In theflowering of red-green thought over thepasttwo Metabolic Upscaling Timothy W. Luke, Matthew Gandy, Jason W. Moore, Erle Ellis, Moderator: NeilBrenner

-PANEL-01-Ecological Modernities the Emergence of World- Dualism to Dialecticsin Metabolic Shift?From Metabolic Riftor -

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extra-human : capitalism-in-nature. In this, capitalism - - is both producer and product of the web of life, a “rich totality Timothy W. Luke Urbanism as Cyborganicity: of many determinations” (Marx) that transcends the Nature/ Tracking the Materialities Society divide. Such transcendence becomes possible through of the Anthropocene a view of capitalism as world-, joining the accumula- as Metrometabolomes tion of capital, the pursuit of power, and the co-production of nature as an organic whole. Such a world-ecological perspec- tive allows us to analyze more adequately the historical limits This preliminary critique of the synthetic ecologies sustaining of capitalism in the web of life, and the successive historical global urbanization traces out the challenges for developing natures co-produced over the longue durée. effective understandings of the designed and undesigned elements in urban metabolism as "metrometabolomes." To elaborate and expand my understanding of the concepts of critical arcology, I deploy alternative concepts tied to explor- ing cyborganic and machinic ecologies to get beyond - - - centric notions of urbanization, modernization, and globaliza- Erle Ellis Ecologies of the tion by tracking the materialities of metrometabolites created Anthropocene: The Global by citification across time, which are now embedded in built, Upscaling of Social- 03 unbuilt, and yet-to-be-built environments. Today's increasingly Ecological Infrastructures popular notion of “the Anthropocene” provides a foreground for detailing the aesthetic, formal, material, and symbolic imprints upon the spatial processes and structures associated Human populations and their use of land have transformed with citified metabolic processes across with divergent scale, more than three quarters of the terrestrial into speed, and scope. These probes are vital modes of ecocritique anthromes, which range from dense settlements, villages, and technocritique needed to unpack the planetary up-scaling and croplands to rangelands and seminatural lands with lower of contemporary metabolic processes at work across global levels of population and use. While this global transformation citification’s industrial ecologies as questions for political of ecology has been portrayed as recent and unsustainable, economy. A comprehensive and critical retooling of urbanistic human societies have been transforming to sup- analysis with the insights of cyborganicity might make a key port their populations since before the last ice age and have intervention into the long lineage of past approaches to local, sustained this for thousands of years in some regions. The regional or national metabolism in relation to urban design by concept of the Anthropocene raises the prospect that this unveiling their blindspots and highlighting their potentials for might continue for millennia to come. As human societies have 02 developing new urbanistic theories and practices. grown, so have the scales of the social-ecological infra- structures needed to sustain them. This global upscaling is accelerating as populations become increasingly concentrated into urban areas, rapidly transforming both the biosphere and society and challenging both to adapt. Yet these changing scales of social-ecological interaction are also creating novel - - opportunities for society to thrive while nature recovers within Matthew Gandy Periodicities and Metabolisms the used and seminatural anthromes that form the ecologies of the Anthropocene. To engage with these opportunities is Though we can find metabolic continuities with the past, to empower a post-natural view of the human role in shaping in terms of basic human needs, the scale and complexity nature, guiding us towards greater stewardship, innovation of contemporary urbanization involves a different order of and engagement with the future of humanity and the planet. dynamics and interdependencies. The nineteenth-century

PANEL ONE PANEL ONE 12 METABOLIC UPSCALING

conception of the city as an assemblage of identifiable organs placed particular emphasis on the circulatory dynamics of urban space. In the twentieth century these corporeal analogies were extended to conceive of urban space as an organic machine amenable to increasingly sophisticated types 04 of technical control. The techno-political field of modernity extends to various forms of “scientific urbanism” whereby the city is conceived as a system defined by measurable param- eters. The recent shift of emphasis from the organicist city of functional flows and organs to a more diffuse neo-organicist pre-occupation with the digital realm or “thinking space” of the city has not dispelled earlier limitations with corporeal conceptions of urban space.

PANEL ONE 05 Lola Sheppard - the scaleof theterritory. health, education andrecreation hasalladapted to work at conventional models of urbanism impossible. Access to food, remote populations, hadrendered theeconomicequation for of theNorth, coupledwithchallengingclimate andsmall, exchanges andservicesnetworked. Yet theshearimmensity in thesouth—with intense mobilityof people, andgoods North operate regionally, not unlike larger metropolitan regions less than 1000. Yet, onemight argue, communitieswithinthe other communitiesnorthof 60 degrees have populations on earth. Beyond thelargest three territorial capitals, most 3.9 millionsq. km, ithasoneof thelowest population densities urbanized asonecanimagine. Withonly 100,000 occupying In many ways the Canadian Northisasfar removed from Lola Sheppard, Salvador Rueda, Transformations Moderator: Pierre Belanger Jane Hutton +KielMoe Territorial

-PANEL-02-Far FlungUrbanisms Territorial Metabolisms: -

15 16 TERRITORIAL TRANSFORMATIONS TERRITORIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 17

Locally, settlement form has no choice but to defer to environ- - - ment, regional mobility and geography. In this sense, the Jane Hutton + Kiel Moe Plotting Central Park and north offers an opportunity for radical innovation in how we the Empire State Building think not of urban metabolism but territorial metabolisms—of networks, economies and infrastructures. And in so doing, the remote North may offer models for more synthetic relation- This research plots the material and energy flows of the ships to geography, climate and ecology, in the complex urban Central Park and Empire State building sites – two of the regions of the south. most iconic parcels of land in the world. The project examines the broader ecological and social consequences of past construction regimes in order to speculate about future ones. To do so, we are identifying, modeling, and quantifying materials used on site over 200 years of emblematic urban change. This renders not only an account of the energetic 07 - - and material inputs involved in each construction, it maps Salvador Rueda Towards a New Metabolic their extended geographical relations through tracing material System for Cities sources, transportation, and labor. These adjuncts to buildings and landscape are habitually dismissed as externalities but in reality are massive constructions of matter and energy in their The Earth is a system that is open in energy and practically own right. This scope of documentation reveals much about closed in materials, but the systems that it supports are the role that the construction of buildings and landscapes play open systems both in energy and materials. From the outset, beyond the immediate, visible urban environment. the planning of any organizational aspect of the city or the territory must take into account the natural resources. The relation established must be purposeful and aimed at achieving maximum efficiency in the use of resources and minimum disturbance to the ecosystems. In nature, both the process of evolution and the succession of ecosystems are linked to the increase in efficiency in the consumption of re- sources to obtain equivalent or greater levels of organization. 06 Those that fail to fulfill this law end up disappearing. Our way of acting is just the opposite because we obtain advantageous competitive positions if we are capable of consuming more resources than others; it does not matter how efficient we are. However, this strategy for competing based on the increase in the disturbance of the systems is simply “unsustainable”. Our strategy for competing must be based on information and knowledge, and increasingly less on the consumption of resources. Obtaining greater organized information (H) with a lower consumption of resources (E) is the equation of sus- tainability and is therefore the direction to take in all the areas and policies of planning in general, and of the metabolism in particular. In a process aimed at , the quotient E/H must become increasingly small. The current tendency, however, is the opposite, and inefficiency is the best ally of competitiveness.

PANEL TWO PANEL TWO

20 Mitchell Joachim - 08 Chris Reed - obsessed withtheways inwhichtheseideasof dynamism, work, both ecologists anddesigners have beenproductively tectural, urbanistic andlandscapeagendas. Aspartof this informants asastep toward projects whichhybridize archi- to openupdiscrete disciplinary pursuits to abroader set of circumstance. Butitwas also fueledby designers’ ambitions and changingplace, continually responding to inputs and reconceptualization of the world asadynamic, ever-evolving design discourse. Inpart, this was fueled by ecologists’ in dynamicecologiesandlandscapewithincontemporary The pastfew decadeshave witnessedaresurgence of interest and synthetic . are derived from theinterface of design, science, engineering buildings, waste treatment, food, andwater. These solutions local sustainability inenergy, transportation, , The group develops innovative solutionsandtechnologies for and advance the larger framework of socio-ecologicaldesign. students, andindividualsof many backgrounds to explore We are auniquelaboratory for scientists, artists, architects, to illuminate theenvironmental possibilitiesof New York City. Through ourcreative projects andoutreach efforts, we aim The Agency of Design Moderator: HashimSarkis Chris Reed, IlaBerman, Mitchell Joachim, Socio-ecological Design Socio-ecological - -PANEL-03-Projective Processes - 09 Ila Berman - 10 design investigation anddiscourse. which move beyond simulation andopenupnew territories for of time-based projective modelingandscripting techniques, twenty years. Itwillthenlookforward by identifying anumber ing anddesignpractices asthey have evolved over thepast explore themetabolic relationships between ecological think they utilized have beenexhausted. This presentation will but now thetwo- andthree-dimensional drawing techniques in constructing dynamicnew conceptualizations of theworld, spheres, justfor starters. These drawings were instrumental matter, water, wildlife, people, vehicles, waste, andatmo- as dynamic, metabolic systems that putinto play energy, Ecosystems, landscapes, andeven entire citieswere rendered adaptability, flexibility couldbe represented orprojected. traditional domains of architectural andurbanagency. and productive fields of operation that are extending the artifacts. These have enabledtheevolution of new territories material flows rather thanastatic collection of discrete consequences of thinkingthecityasaliving system of new trajectories ithasspawned, are perhaps theunintentional design inaccordance withatechno-biotic paradigm andthe to thepopulations they support, thereconceptualization of systems that purportto both shapeand dynamically adapt structure to responsive architectures andsynthetic ecological wastelands andthere-circuiting of energy-producing infra- potential andcapacity. From thecreative of urban at thesametimesovulnerable to theforces influencing its design hasnever beenmore pervasive andpowerful, andyet colonization have hadat theplanetary scale, ontheother, hand, andtheinadvertent effects that such forms of territorial expanding globalsocio-technological networks, ontheone demographic transformation. Withinthecontext of rapidly to, theradical impacts of environmental, technological and have emerged asdirect byproducts of, orcriticalresponses defined asnew constellations of architectural practice that cept of urbanmetabolism inrelation to sixthemespreviously contemporary design, thispresentation willresituate thecon- As anoverview andmappingof theproliferating agendas of THE AGENCY OFDESIGN PANEL THREE Productive Recircuiting -

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PIERRE BELANGER ERLE ELLIS

moderator _panel two territorial transformations speaker _panel one metabolic upscaling

Erle Ellis is Associate Professor of the aim of informing sustainable stewardship Pierre Bélanger is Associate Professor of He is author of the forthcoming book, Geography and Environmental Systems and of the biosphere in the Anthropocene. Landscape Architecture at the Harvard Landscape Infrastructure: Urbanism beyond Director of the Laboratory for Anthropogenic Early work focused on long-term ecological Graduate School of Design, Co-Director of Engineering (MIT Press, 2014), and editor of Landscape Ecology at the University of changes in China’s ancient village landscapes. OPSYS, and Advisor to the US Army Corps the Landscape Infrastructures DVD (2009). Maryland, Baltimore County and Visiting Current work includes global mapping of of Engineers. As part of the Department of Recent publicationsinclude Urbanism beyond Professor in Landscape Architecture at the and its long-term changes Landscape Architecture and the Advanced Engineering (Infrastructure Sustainability Harvard Graduate School of Design. (anthromes), online tools for global synthesis Studies Program, he teaches courses on the & Design, 2012), The Agronomic His research investigates the ecology of hu- of local knowledge (GLOBE) and tools for convergence of ecology, infrastructure and Landscape (2011), Regionalization (2010), man landscapes at local to global scales with mapping landscapes in 3D (Ecosynth). urbanism in the interrelated fields of design, Redefining Infrastructure (2010), planning and engineering. Landscape as Infrastructure (2009).

ILA BERMAN MATTHEW GANDY

speaker _panel three the agency of design speaker _panel one metabolic upscaling

Ila Berman, the new O’Donovan Director Mona El Khafif) winner of an AIGA Matthew Gandy is Professor of Geography at other journals. He is currently completing of the University of Waterloo School of award for the top 50 books of 2009 University College London and was Director three book manuscripts: The fabric of space: Architecture and Principal of Scaleshift and a Communication Arts Award of of the UCL Urban Laboratory from 2006-11. water, modernity, and the urban imagination design, is an architect, theorist, and- curator Excellence, New Constellations- New His publications include Concrete and clay: (for the MIT Press), Moth (for the Reaktion of architecture and urbanism whose research Ecologies, and her forthcoming book on reworking nature in New York City (MIT animal series), and a co-edited collection investigates the relationship between culture art and architectural installation: Expanded Press, 2002), Hydropolis (Campus, 2006, The acoustic city (for jovis). From 2013 and the evolution of contemporary material Field based on her exhibition with co-editor) and Urban Constellations (jovis, to 2015 he will be a senior research and spatial practices. Dr. Berman’s recent Douglas Burnham at the Wattis 2011, editor), along with articles in New Left fellow of the Gerda Henkel Foundation work and publications include URBANbuild Institute for Contemporary Arts. Review, IJURR, Society and Space, and many at the University of the Arts, Berlin. local_global (co-authored with

NEIL BRENNER JANE HUTTON

moderator _panel one metabolic upscaling speaker _panel one metabolic upscaling

Neil Brenner is Professor of Urban Theory of Planetary Urbanization (Jovis, 2013). Jane Hutton is a landscape architect and relationships of material practice in landscape at the Harvard Graduate School of Design His previous books include, among oth- Assistant Professor in the Department of architecture, looking at links between the (GSD) and Director of the Urban Theory ers, New State Spaces: Urban Governance Landscape Architecture at the Harvard landscapes of production and consumption Lab-GSD. His writing and teaching focus on and the Rescaling of Statehood (Oxford Graduate School of Design. She is Faculty of common construction materials. Hutton is the theoretical, conceptual and methodologi- University Press, 2004) as well as Director to the Loeb Library Materials a founding editor of the journal Scapegoat: cal dimensions of urban questions in relation Cities for People, not for Profit: Critical Collection and Co-Director of the Energy, Architecture, Landscape, Political Economy, to modern capitalism, state strategies and Urban Theory and the Right to the Environments, and Design research lab. and is co-editor of Issues: 01 Service, sociopolitical struggles. Brenner’s most City (co-edited with Peter Marcuse Her work focuses on the extended 02 Materialism, and 06 Mexico D.F./NAFTA. recent book is the edited volume, and Margit Mayer; Routledge 2011). Implosions/Explosions: Towards a Study BIOGRAPHIES

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MITCHELL JOACHIM JASON W. MOORE

speaker _panel three the agency of design speaker _panel one metabolic upscaling

Dr. Joachim, Co-Founder of Terreform ONE Mitchell won many awards including; Jason W. Moore teaches world history in He is presently completing Ecology and the and Associate Professor at NYU. He was AIA New York Urban Design Merit Award, the Department of , Binghamton Rise of Capitalism (University of California formerly an architect at Gehry Partners, Victor Papanek Social Design Award, University. He writes frequently on the Press) and Ecology and the Accumulation and Pei Cobb Freed. He is a TED Senior Zumtobel Group Award for Sustainability and history of capitalism, including the crises of of Capital (Verso). He is coordinator of the Fellow and has been awarded fellowships Humanity, History Channel Infiniti Award for the 21st century. His essays have appeared World-Ecology Research Network, and with Moshe Safdie and Martin Society for City of the Future, and Time Magazine Best in Theory & Society, The Journal of Peasant a member of the editorial boards of the Sustainability, MIT. He was chosen by Wired Invention with MIT Smart Cities Car. Dwell Studies, The Journal of Agrarian Change, Journal of World-Systems Research, magazine for "The Smart List: 15 People the magazine featured him as "The NOW 99" in Antipode, and Review, and have been trans- The Journal of Agrarian Change, Next President Should Listen To". Rolling 2012. He earned a Ph.D. at Massachusetts lated into Chinese, Turkish, French, German, and Review. Many of his essays are Stone magazine honored Mitchell in Institute of Technology, MAUD Harvard Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, and Italian. available at jasonwmoore.com. "The 100 People Who Are Changing America". University, M.Arch. Columbia University.

TIMOTHY W. LUKE CHRIS REED

speaker _panel one metabolic upscaling speaker _panel three the agency of design

Timothy W. Luke is University Distinguished Alliance for Social, Political, Ethical, and Chris Reed is the founding principal of Stoss. and dynamics; he is co-editor of an Professor and Chair in the Department of Social Thought (ASPECT) doctoral program His innovative, hybridized approach to public upcoming volume of research and drawing Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts in the both of these colleges at Virginia Tech. space has been recognized internationally, titled Projective Ecologies. Reed received and Human Sciences at Virginia Polytechnic He also is the co-editor of Fast Capitalism, and he has been invited to participate in a Master in Landscape Architecture from Institute and State University in Blacksburg, and book line editor for Telos Press competitions and installations in the United the University of Pennsylvania and an AB Virginia. He also serves as Program Chair Publishing, His research interests include States, Canada, Europe, Israel, the Middle in from Harvard College. for Government and International Affairs modern cultural, social, and political theory East, Taiwan, and China. Reed’s research He is currently Associate Professor for Virginia Tech’s School of Public and as well as the workings of contemporary envi- interests include the impact of ecological in Practice of Landscape Architecture International Affairs in the College of ronmental movements, international politics, sciences on design thinking, and city-making at the Harvard University Graduate Architecture and Urban Studies, and was museum politics, and material culture. strategies informed by landscape systems School of Design. founding Director of the interdisciplinary

KIEL MOE SALVADOR RUEDA

speaker _panel two territorial transformations speaker _panel two territorial transformations

Technology in the Department of lab at the GSD. He is author of Insulating He is an urban ecologist, founder and director and a new urban cell (the superapple) in Architecture at Harvard University Graduate Modernism (2014), Convergence: an of the Agency of Barcelona on order to plan the public space and urban School of Design. He is a Co-Director of Architectural Agenda for Energy (2013), 2000. He has specialized in analysis and plan- mobility. He has created a new language to the MDesS program, coordinator of Building Systems: Design Technology ning of complex systems. He has developed read the city and a measuring instrument to the Energy & Environments MDesS & Society (2012), Thermally Active Surfaces models of occupation and urban metabolism calculate the urban complexity. He loves the concentration, and Co-Director of the in Architecture (2010) and Integrated Design with sustainability criteria. He has designed city but he adores walking on the mountain. Energy, Environments, and Design research in Contemporary Architecture (2008). a new urbanism: the ecological urbanism His best projects are his four children.

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HASHIM SARKIS

moderator _panel three the agency of design

Hashim Sarkis is the Aga Khan Professor of Constantinos Doxiadis (Beirut: of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Dar Annahar, 2003), editor of CASE: in Muslim Societies and Director of the Aga Le Corbusier’s Venice Hospital (Munich: Khan Program at the GSD. He teaches design Prestel, 2001), coeditor with Eric Mumford studios on architecture, infrastructure and of Josep Lluis Sert: The Architect of Urban public space. He also teaches courses Design (New Haven: Yale University Press, in the history and theory of architecture. 2008) coeditor with Peter G. Rowe of Sarkis is also a practicing architect. Projecting Beirut (Munich: Prestel, 1998), His projects include the new town hall for and editor of the CASE publication series the city of Byblos, a housing complex for the (GSD/ Prestel). He received his BArch and fishermen of Tyre, a park in downtown Beirut, BFA from the Rhode Island School of Design, and several urban and architectural projects. his MArch from the GSD, and his PhD in He has published several books including architecture from Harvard University. Circa 1958: Lebanon in the Pictures and Plans

LOLA SHEPPARD

speaker _panel two territorial transformations

Lola Sheppard is a founding Partner of a research vehicle to pose and respond Lateral Office, and an Associate Professor to complex, urgent questions in the at the University of Waterloo in Canada. , engaging in the wider She received her Bachelor of Architecture context and climate of a project– social, from McGill University and a Master of ecological, or political. Lateral Office is Architecture from Harvard Graduate School committed to architecture, programs of Design. She is a co-director of InfraNet and typologies that responds directly to Lab and co-editor of the publication Bracket, the demands of the 21st century. Recent including Bracket [goes Soft] and Bracket [at work and research focuses on powerful Extremes]. Lateral Office is an experimental design relationships between public design practice that operates at the intersec- realm, infrastructure, and the environment, tion of architecture, landscape, and urbanism. particularly in the Canadian North. The studio is committed to design as

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