DNA Public Disclosure Authorized Yemen Dynamic Needs Assessment: Phase 3 2020 Update Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 73720_Yemen DNA Phase 3_English_CVR.indd 3 11/3/20 11:50 AM © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Exec- utive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowl- edge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@ worldbank.org. Cover Page: anasalhajj / Shutterstock.com Disclaimer The Yemen Dynamic Needs Assessment (DNA) is an in-conflict assessment that relies primarily on remote data sources, including satellite imagery and social media analytics. Every effort has been made to triangulate such remote data with data and assessments available from the Government of Yemen and ground partners. Despite these efforts, this assessment may contain residual inaccuracies and is not a substitute for a ground-based eval- uation. Instead, it provides an indicative picture of the effect of the conflict on physical infrastructure and quality of services, offering preliminary estimates of recovery and reconstruction needs. A first phase of the DNA, conducted in fall 2015, had a limited geographic and sectoral scope. The second phase, finalized in June 2017, updated the first-phase results and extended the geographic and sectoral range. This third phase represents a further expansion. However, it does not cover all cities and regions in Yemen, and therefore is not indicative of the entire country. The figures presented here provide only a partial estimate of the impact of the crisis and the country’s recovery needs. It is also important to note that the COVID-19 health crisis and its impact on human life, service delivery, insti- tutions, and economic livelihoods are not covered in this report, as this third phase of the DNA covers data and information collected as of January 2020. 73720_Yemen DNA Phase 3_English_NEWNEW.indd 1 11/6/20 7:16 AM Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms . viii Acknowledgments . xi Executive Summary . xiii Overview . 1 Context............................................................................................1 Macroeconomic Overview ..........................................................................2 Objectives of the DNA ..............................................................................4 Scope .............................................................................................4 Methodology ......................................................................................5 Limitations ........................................................................................6 Findings ...........................................................................................7 Summaries of Sector Reports ......................................................................15 Toward Recovery and Resilience ...................................................................23 1. Education . 25 Pre-crisis Sector Conditions........................................................................25 Sectoral Damage Assessment ......................................................................25 Sectoral Needs Assessment .......................................................................30 Priorities Going Forward ...........................................................................32 2. Food Security . .33 Pre-crisis Food Security Situation ..................................................................33 Impact of Crisis on Food Security ..................................................................34 Sectoral Needs Assessment .......................................................................42 Priorities Going Forward ..........................................................................42 3. Governance and Institution Building . 45 Approach.........................................................................................45 Limitations .......................................................................................47 ii 73720_Yemen DNA Phase 3_English_NEWNEW.indd 2 11/6/20 7:16 AM Revenue Mobilization and Management ............................................................47 Strategic Planning and Public Expenditure Management.............................................50 Budget Execution and Oversight ...................................................................52 Core Capacities and Resources for Service Delivery..................................................55 Public Accountability ..............................................................................57 Listening to the Voices of Yemeni People: 2019 Online Survey on Challenges and Trust.................60 4. Health . 65 Disclaimer . 65 Pre-crisis Sector Conditions........................................................................65 Sectoral Damage Assessment ......................................................................67 Sectoral Needs Assessment .......................................................................73 Priorities Going Forward ..........................................................................75 5. Housing . .76 Pre-crisis Sector Conditions........................................................................76 Sectoral Damage Assessment ......................................................................77 Sectoral Needs Assessment .......................................................................83 Priorities Going Forward ..........................................................................84 6. Information and Communications Technology . .86 Pre-crisis Sector Conditions .......................................................................86 Sectoral Damage Assessment ......................................................................87 Sectoral Needs Assessment .......................................................................93 Priorities Going Forward ..........................................................................94 7. Power . .96 Pre-crisis Sector Conditions .......................................................................96 Sectoral Damage Assessment ......................................................................97 Sectoral Needs Assessment.......................................................................106 Priorities Going Forward .........................................................................107 8. Social Protection and Jobs . 109. Pre-crisis Condition of Social Protection and Jobs .................................................109 Sectoral Damage Assessment ....................................................................112 Sectoral Needs Assessment ......................................................................115 Priorities Going Forward ..........................................................................117 Contents • iii 73720_Yemen DNA Phase 3_English_NEWNEW.indd 3 11/6/20 7:16 AM 9. Social Resilience . 118 Methodology ....................................................................................119 City Profiles .....................................................................................119 Conclusion ......................................................................................126 Recommendations for Future Programming .......................................................127 10. Solid Waste Management . 128. Pre-crisis Sector Conditions.......................................................................128 Sectoral Damage Assessment .....................................................................128 Sectoral Needs Assessment ......................................................................132 Priorities Going Forward .........................................................................133 11. Transport . 135 Pre-crisis Sector Conditions ......................................................................135 Sectoral Damage Assessment .....................................................................136 Sectoral Needs Assessment ......................................................................141 Priorities Going Forward ..........................................................................141 12. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) . 145 Pre-crisis Sector Conditions.......................................................................145 Sectoral Damage Assessment .....................................................................145