DOCSLIB.ORG

© 2012 David Skubby All Rights Reserved

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
© 2012 David Skubby All Rights Reserved © 2012 DAVID SKUBBY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A HISTORY OF MEDICAL PRACTICES IN THE CASE OF AUTISM: A FOUCAULDIAN ANALYSIS USING ARCHAEOLOGY AND GENEALOGY A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy David Skubby May, 2012 A HISTORY OF MEDICAL PRACTICES IN THE CASE OF AUTISM: A FOUCAULDIAN ANALYSIS USING ARCHAEOLOGY AND GENEALOGY David Skubby Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Rebecca J. Erickson Dr. Matthew T. Lee _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Cheryl S. Elman Dr. Chand Midha _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Clare Stacey Dr. George R. Newkome _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Brian Castellani _______________________________ Committee Member Dr. Margaret Carol Stephens ii ABSTRACT Psychiatric medicine constructs mental disorders from bodily conditions. Being able to medicalize disorders in this way, psychiatric medicine operates as an institution of social control through its power to label individuals as deviant and to establish particular bodily states as medical problems. In this dissertation, I apply Foucauldian concepts, theory, and methods to examine how the history of medical discourse on a particular bodily condition has produced truth about what distinguishes the normal from the pathological. Focusing on the case of autism – a modern-day disorder that now permeates the socio-medical landscape – I show how the relationship between psychiatric medicine and autism might be re-envisioned to provide an alternative perspective on how medical knowledge expands to construct a medical problem. Tracing the history of medical practices used on autistic children, I examine medical documents from the time that autism was constructed as a disorder in 1943 to 1987, when a treatment for autism was produced by behavioral psychology. Using Foucault’s concepts of the clinical gaze, discipline, and power/knowledge, I show how two quite different discourses about autism within medicine emerged at different points in time. Moreover, through the application of Foucault’s methods of archaeology and genealogy, I demonstrate how these disciplines determined what could and could not be stated about autism and how power influenced the production of these statements. Key among my findings are how similar disciplinary techniques gain and lose truth value iii depending on the context of their deployment and how disciplinary methods and outcomes privilege power/knowledge over individual and social bodies rather than seeking to understand and benefit the lived, bodily experiences of particular human beings. I conclude by suggesting that the history of medical discourse on autism has led to the development of practices that misrecognize, if not ignore, the actual bodily experiences of autistic individuals, and that a new discourse of acceptance and admiration needs to replace the discourse of normalization. iv DEDICATION For my amazing son Jacob, who is the inspiration for this dissertation. And for Joshua and Aaron, his wonderful brothers. All my love. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the process of writing this dissertation, I came to appreciate how many people truly cared about me, my aspirations, and my project. I also realized that it is quite a lot to ask these caring people to give and sacrifice so much so that I could realize my goal to complete my graduate education and to complete my dissertation. These are the giving people who have helped me so much over the past several years to achieve these goals. First and foremost, I want to profoundly thank Dr. Rebecca Erickson for taking me on as her protégé. The undeserved faith and trust in me that she showed through this process of completing this unwieldy project was beyond my expectations. The worth of her direction, from the germ of the idea to the dissertation defense, is incalculable. Whatever positive contributions I have made to the field, or whatever positive contributions I will make in the future, are directly related to her considerate and unselfish guidance not only as I wrote my dissertation, but all throughout my graduate career at Akron. I am indebted to her and again, I thank her. I also want to thank my dissertation committee, Dr. Cheryl Elman, Dr. Clare Stacey, Dr. Brian Castellani, and Dr. Margaret Carol Stevens, for their support. They had to read more pages than they probably expected, and I appreciate the time they put into reading my dissertation. Their thoughtful comments and suggestions helped shape what this dissertation is today and what it might look like as a publication in the future. I can’t thank them enough. vi I found some of the most important data for my research within the Archives of the History of American Psychology at the University of Akron Center for the History of Psychology. I am most sincerely indebted to Lizette Royer, Senior Archives Associate at AHAP, who worked tirelessly to find documents that were needed for my dissertation. Lizette should know that her work and her support contributed immeasurably to the findings of this project. I want to acknowledge the Institute of Health and Social Policy’s Selection Committee of the Barbara J. Stephens Dissertation Award, especially Dr. Richard Stephens and Dr. Peter Leahy. Their kind generosity helped fund the gathering of the enormous amount of data that I needed to produce this dissertation. I want to thank the entire faculty in the Department of Sociology at the University of Akron for their kindness and support. I want to especially thank those faculty members who I have had the pleasure to work with on their projects and in their teaching: Dr. Baffour Takyi, Dr. Rudy Fenwick, and Dr. Mark Tausig. I owe a special word of gratitude to Dr, Kathryn Feltey, who has constantly and consistently encouraged me all throughout graduate school career at the University of Akron. I also want to thank the Administrative Assistants in the Department of Sociology, Tammy Dixon and Christi Terry, as well as computer genius Cindy Steinel, for their patience when I sought their help in guiding me through all the hurdles. Dr. Kristen Marcussen deserves a special thank you for reminding me of my special interest in those who think about and experience the world in extraordinary ways. Kristen has helped me to understand my purpose, and I cannot thank her enough. vii I want to thank those whom I worked for and with at NEOMED, especially Dr. Chris Ritter for his encouraging words throughout my two and a half years there, and who truly helped me get where I am at today. I also want to thank three very special people from both NEOMED and Kent State: Natalie Bonfine, Mary Gallagher, and Kelly MacArthur. Each of them showed kindheartedness toward me that I can only hope to match. I leaned on them big time over the past several years. It is hard to imagine going through graduate school and completing a dissertation without their friendship, thoughtfulness, and support. The drinks and laughs we shared together…I’ll never forget those moments…and those moments, I hope, will continue. My graduate student colleagues in the department at Akron deserve special mention. I want to thank Teresa Sisson for her friendship and encouraging words throughout my graduate career. We shared much together, from commiserating over course work to AKD, to the special events in our lives. Teresa helped me make it through. I also want to thank Richelle Dykstra, Angela Adkins, Jodi Ross, and Liza Grossman for their words of wisdom during my graduate career. There’s no telling where I would be if they had not unselfishly shared their experiences and knowledge with me. Finally, I want to thank Marci Cottingham, Michael Rickles, Jared Rosenberger, Lia Wiley, Monica Oliva, Nicole Rosen, and Mike Steiner for their steadfast friendship and support over these past few years. I owe my colleagues at Hiram College a special thank you. I thank Dr. Elizabeth Piatt for taking me on as part of the sociology department at Hiram. Her door was always open and she let me talk and talk (and talk) about what was happening with my dissertation. I thank Dr. Robin Shura who always knew the right things to say to keep me viii going. And I especially thank Anisi Daniels-Smith who has been a source of support and kindness to me, from advanced data to now. I can’t thank her enough for her friendship. There is no possible way that I could have made it through graduate school without the love of my family. A great big thank you to my mom for helping me in so many unselfish ways so that I could make it to graduation. I want to thank my brother, Chris, who has been a constant and generous source of support and help as I made my way through graduate school. My sister Sue and her husband Paul, thank you for all the help and encouragement. And thanks to my dad who has helped me in difficult times over the course of my graduate career. I could never have reached the point where I am at today without the love and support that each of them has shown me throughout my life. I express my gratitude to Laurie Redmon, who has practically single-handedly taken such great care of the children. Despite a hectic life, she has done a remarkable job at raising three healthy, happy boys. Thank you! And a big thank you to Denise and Gene Redmon, whose help with watching the kids and whose support I wasn’t worthy of, deserves special mention. Finally, I offer a word of appreciation for Ruth Noles, for being there always, for the children.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Mystery of Human Consciousness
    On the mystery of human consciousness Egon Gál 23 August 2007 Philosophers and natural scientists regularly dismiss consciousness as irrelevant. However, even its critics agree that consciousness is less a problem than a mystery. One way into the mystery is through an understanding of autism. It started with a letter from Michaela Martinková: Dear Egon Gál, Our eldest son, aged almost eight, has Asperger’s Syndrome (AS). It is a diagnosis that falls into the autistic spectrum, but his IQ is very much above average. In an effort to find out how he thinks, I decided that I must find out how we think, and so I read into the cognitive sciences and epistemology. I found what I needed there, although I have an intense feeling that precisely the way of thinking of such people as our son is missing from the mosaic of these sciences. And I think that this missing piece could rearrange the whole mosaic. In the book Philosophy and the Cognitive Sciences, [1] you write, among other things: “Actually the only handicap so far observed in these children (with autism and AS) is that they cannot use human psychology. They cannot postulate intentional states in their own minds and in the minds of other people.” I think that deeper knowledge of autism, and especially of Asperger’s Syndrome as its version found in people with higher IQ in the framework of autism, could be immensely enriching for the cognitive sciences. I am convinced that these people think in an entirely different way from us. [2] Why the present interest in autism? It is generally known that some people whose diagnosis falls under Asperger’s Syndrome, namely people with Asperger’s Syndrome and high-functional autism, show a remarkable combination of highly above-average intelligence and well below-average social ability.
    [Show full text]
  • Becoming Autistic: How Do Late Diagnosed Autistic People
    Becoming Autistic: How do Late Diagnosed Autistic People Assigned Female at Birth Understand, Discuss and Create their Gender Identity through the Discourses of Autism? Emily Violet Maddox Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy September 2019 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Persistence of Fad Interventions in the Face of Negative Scientific Evidence: Facilitated Communication for Autism As a Case Example
    Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention ISSN: 1748-9539 (Print) 1748-9547 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tebc20 The persistence of fad interventions in the face of negative scientific evidence: Facilitated communication for autism as a case example Scott O. Lilienfeld, Julia Marshall, James T. Todd & Howard C. Shane To cite this article: Scott O. Lilienfeld, Julia Marshall, James T. Todd & Howard C. Shane (2014) The persistence of fad interventions in the face of negative scientific evidence: Facilitated communication for autism as a case example, Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 8:2, 62-101, DOI: 10.1080/17489539.2014.976332 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2014.976332 Published online: 02 Feb 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 5252 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tebc20 Download by: [University of Lethbridge] Date: 05 October 2015, At: 05:52 Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2014 Vol. 8, No. 2, 62–101, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2014.976332 EBP Advancement Corner The persistence of fad interventions in the face of negative scientific evidence: Facilitated communication for autism as a case example Scott O. Lilienfeld1, Julia Marshall1, James T. Todd2 & Howard C. Shane3 1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA, 3Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ................................................................................................................................................. Abstract Communication disorder and mental health professionals may assume that once novel clinical techniques have been refuted by research, they will be promptly abandoned.
    [Show full text]
  • FORGOTTEN: Ontario Adults with Autism and Adults with Aspergers.”
    FORGOTTEN Ontario Adults with Autism and Adults with Aspergers PUBLISHED BY AUTISM ONTARIO, 2008 Autism Ontario has been the voice of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and their families since 1973, working to ensure that each individual with ASD is provided the means to achieve quality of life as a respected member of society. With thousands of members and supporters across the province, Autism Ontario is the largest collective voice for families whose teen and adult children struggle to receive necessary clinical and support services to meet their unique needs. PHOTOS Our thanks to our cover and report photo participants! Eric Beedham, Pam Newman Button, Tony Hill, Andrew Kyneston, Dwayne McLaughlin, Nadine McLaughlin, Marsha Serkin, Beth Waleski, Gary Waleski, and Jordan Weinroth. COPYRIGHT This document is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission, except for those copyrighted materials noted for which further reproduction is prohibited without the specific permission of copyright holders. Autism Ontario will appreciate citation as to source. The suggested format for citation is: “Autism Ontario (2008). FORGOTTEN: Ontario Adults with Autism and Adults with Aspergers.” This report can be downloaded from www.autismontario.com Autism Ontario 1179A King Street West Toronto, ON M6K 3C5 416-246-9592 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 COMMENTARY FROM DR. SUSAN BRYSON 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS 6 REPORT 10 What are Autism Spectrum Disorders? 10 Everyday Barriers 11 Impact of Increased
    [Show full text]
  • Rhythm and Timing in Autism: Learning to Dance
    REVIEW ARTICLE published: 19 April 2013 INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00027 Rhythm and timing in autism: learning to dance Pat Amos* Training and Private Consultation, Ardmore, PA, USA Edited by: In recent years, a significant body of research has focused on challenges to neural Anne M. Donnellan, University of connectivity as a key to understanding autism. In contrast to attempts to identify a Wisconsin-Madison, University of single static, primarily brain-based deficit, children and adults diagnosed with autism are San Diego, USA increasingly perceived as out of sync with their internal and external environments in Reviewed by: Elizabeth B. Torres, Rutgers dynamic ways that must also involve operations of the peripheral nervous systems. The University, USA noisiness that seems to occur in both directions of neural flow may help explain challenges Trevor McDonald, Education to movement and sensing, and ultimately to entrainment with circadian rhythms and social Associates Inc., USA interactions across the autism spectrum, profound differences in the rhythm and timing of *Correspondence: movement have been tracked to infancy. Difficulties with self-synchrony inhibit praxis, and Pat Amos, 635 Ardmore Avenue, Ardmore, PA 19003-1831, USA. can disrupt the “dance of relationship” through which caregiver and child build meaning. e-mail: [email protected] Different sensory aspects of a situation may fail to match up; ultimately, intentions and actions themselves may be uncoupled. This uncoupling may help explain the expressions of alienation from the actions of one’s body which recur in the autobiographical autism literature. Multi-modal/cross-modal coordination of different types of sensory information into coherent events may be difficult to achieve because amodal properties (e.g., rhythm and tempo) that help unite perceptions are unreliable.
    [Show full text]
  • Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons a Thesis
    Disablement, Diversity, Deviation: Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2016 © Sarah Gibbons 2016 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation brings disability studies and postcolonial studies into dialogue with discourse surrounding risk in the environmental humanities. The central question that it investigates is how critics can reframe and reinterpret existing threat registers to accept and celebrate disability and embodied difference without passively accepting the social policies that produce disabling conditions. It examines the literary and rhetorical strategies of contemporary cultural works that one, promote a disability politics that aims for greater recognition of how our environmental surroundings affect human health and ability, but also two, put forward a disability politics that objects to devaluing disabled bodies by stigmatizing them as unnatural. Some of the major works under discussion in this dissertation include Marie Clements’s Burning Vision (2003), Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People (2007), Gerardine Wurzburg’s Wretches & Jabberers (2010) and Corinne Duyvis’s On the Edge of Gone (2016). The first section of this dissertation focuses on disability, illness, industry, and environmental health to consider how critics can discuss disability and environmental health in conjunction without returning to a medical model in which the term ‘disability’ often designates how closely bodies visibly conform or deviate from definitions of the normal body.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Narratives and Identities in Auto/Biography About Autism
    RELATIONAL REPRESENTATION: CONSTRUCTING NARRATIVES AND IDENTITIES IN AUTO/BIOGRAPHY ABOUT AUTISM by MONICA L. ORLANDO Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May 2015 2 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of Monica Orlando candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.* Committee Chair Kimberly Emmons Committee Member Michael Clune Committee Member William Siebenschuh Committee Member Jonathan Sadowsky Committee Member Joseph Valente Date of Defense March 3, 2015 * We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 3 Dedications and Thanks To my husband Joe, for his patience and support throughout this graduate school journey. To my family, especially my father, who is not here to see me finish, but has always been so proud of me. To Kim Emmons, my dissertation advisor and mentor, who has been a true joy to work with over the past several years. I am very fortunate to have been guided through this project by such a supportive and encouraging person. To the graduate students and faculty of the English department, who have made my experience at Case both educational and enjoyable. I am grateful for having shared the past five years with all of them. 4 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1: Introduction Relationality and the Construction of Identity in Autism Life Writing ........................ 6 Chapter 2 Clara Claiborne Park’s The Siege and Exiting Nirvana: Shifting Conceptions of Autism and Authority ................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 3 Transformative Narratives: Double Voicing and Personhood in Collaborative Life Writing about Autism ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Joy of Autism: Part 2
    However, even autistic individuals who are profoundly disabled eventually gain the ability to communicate effectively, and to learn, and to reason about their behaviour and about effective ways to exercise control over their environment, their unique individual aspects of autism that go beyond the physiology of autism and the source of the profound intrinsic disabilities will come to light. These aspects of autism involve how they think, how they feel, how they express their sensory preferences and aesthetic sensibilities, and how they experience the world around them. Those aspects of individuality must be accorded the same degree of respect and the same validity of meaning as they would be in a non autistic individual rather than be written off, as they all too often are, as the meaningless products of a monolithically bad affliction." Based on these extremes -- the disabling factors and atypical individuality, Phil says, they are more so disabling because society devalues the atypical aspects and fails to accommodate the disabling ones. That my friends, is what we are working towards -- a place where the group we seek to "help," we listen to. We do not get offended when we are corrected by the group. We are the parents. We have a duty to listen because one day, our children may be the same people correcting others tomorrow. In closing, about assumptions, I post the article written by Ann MacDonald a few days ago in the Seattle Post Intelligencer: By ANNE MCDONALD GUEST COLUMNIST Three years ago, a 6-year-old Seattle girl called Ashley, who had severe disabilities, was, at her parents' request, given a medical treatment called "growth attenuation" to prevent her growing.
    [Show full text]
  • A Memoir of Brain Change and Emotional Awakening by John Elder Robison
    Discussion Guide Switched On: A Memoir of Brain Change and Emotional Awakening By John Elder Robison 1. Robison was diagnosed with Asperger’s at age forty. He claims that his “diagnosis was a huge relief and a source of empowerment” What does he mean? 2. In Chapter 6, Robison tells the story of being the first responder at the scene of a car accident. He is not emotionally affected by the situation. “Before TMS, all I knew was that I was a good guy in a crisis because my logical mind took charge.” He continues, “Even without feeling the expected emotions, I did the right thing… My sense of right and wrong was quite well developed, and I did the best I could for other people. It’s just that my senses and abilities were limited, so I didn’t always do what they expected.” Did you find this surprising? Have you known people whose facial expressions struck you as odd or overly blank? How did it make you feel, and how did you interpret their behavior? 3. Why did Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) appeal to the author? How is the title relevant to the story? 4. In Chapter 14, Robison describes his reaction to his first TMS treatment after leaving the research hospital and driving home in his car listening to music. Describe the significance of this episode. 5. Robison often says that before TMS, he could relate better to machines than to people, yet, he wasn’t void of feelings, and he felt socially isolated. Discuss Robison’s relationships before and after TMS.
    [Show full text]
  • Praise for Switched On
    Praise for Switched On ‘Astonishing, brave…reads like a medical thriller and keeps you wonder- ing what will happen next…[Robison] takes readers for a ride through the thorny thickets of neuroscience and leaves us wanting more. He is deft at explaining difficult concepts and doesn’t shy from asking hard questions. This is a truly unusual memoir—both poignant and scientifically important.’ Washington Post ‘Robison’s writings are…logical, restrained, lacking in self-pity… Like Awakenings, this book raises deep philosophical problems.’ The Times ‘Fascinating for its insights into Asperger’s and research, this engrossing record will make readers reexamine their preconceptions about this syn- drome and the future of brain manipulation.’ Booklist ‘Like books by Andrew Solomon and Oliver Sacks, Switched On offers an opportunity to consider mental processes through a combination of powerful narrative and informative medical context.’ BookPage ‘A fascinating companion to the previous memoirs by this masterful storyteller.’ Kirkus ‘John Elder Robison is an extraordinary guide, carefully elucidating the cutting-edge science behind this revolutionary new brain therapy, TMS, alongside the compelling story of the impact it has on his relationships, his thinking and emotions, and indeed his very identity. At the heart of Switched On are fundamental questions of who we are, where our identity resides, of difference and disability and free will, that are brought into sharp focus by Robison’s lived experience.’ Graeme Simsion, author of The Rosie Project
    [Show full text]
  • DM a Talent: ADHD Employer Guide
    Supported by DMA Talent: ADHD Employer Guide DMA Talent: DMA Talent: ADHD Employer Guide Copyright / DMA (2021) 01 DMA Talent: ADHD Employer Guide Contents DMA Talent’s Employer Guide Series .............................................................................................. 03 Definitions and Terminology ........................................................................................................................04 What is Neurodiversity? .........................................................................................................................................04 What is ADHD? ...............................................................................................................................................................04 Seeking a Diagnosis for ADHD ..................................................................................................................08 What are the Employer’s Responsibilities? ..............................................................................................09 Qualities Associated with ADHD ................................................................................................................11 Simple Ways to Modify the Recruitment Process ............................................................. 12 Job Advertisements .................................................................................................................................................... 12 Work Trials and Skills Testing ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Walpole Public Library DVD List A
    Walpole Public Library DVD List [Items purchased to present*] Last updated: 9/17/2021 INDEX Note: List does not reflect items lost or removed from collection A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Nonfiction A A A place in the sun AAL Aaltra AAR Aardvark The best of Bud Abbot and Lou Costello : the Franchise Collection, ABB V.1 vol.1 The best of Bud Abbot and Lou Costello : the Franchise Collection, ABB V.2 vol.2 The best of Bud Abbot and Lou Costello : the Franchise Collection, ABB V.3 vol.3 The best of Bud Abbot and Lou Costello : the Franchise Collection, ABB V.4 vol.4 ABE Aberdeen ABO About a boy ABO About Elly ABO About Schmidt ABO About time ABO Above the rim ABR Abraham Lincoln vampire hunter ABS Absolutely anything ABS Absolutely fabulous : the movie ACC Acceptable risk ACC Accepted ACC Accountant, The ACC SER. Accused : series 1 & 2 1 & 2 ACE Ace in the hole ACE Ace Ventura pet detective ACR Across the universe ACT Act of valor ACT Acts of vengeance ADA Adam's apples ADA Adams chronicles, The ADA Adam ADA Adam’s Rib ADA Adaptation ADA Ad Astra ADJ Adjustment Bureau, The *does not reflect missing materials or those being mended Walpole Public Library DVD List [Items purchased to present*] ADM Admission ADO Adopt a highway ADR Adrift ADU Adult world ADV Adventure of Sherlock Holmes’ smarter brother, The ADV The adventures of Baron Munchausen ADV Adverse AEO Aeon Flux AFF SEAS.1 Affair, The : season 1 AFF SEAS.2 Affair, The : season 2 AFF SEAS.3 Affair, The : season 3 AFF SEAS.4 Affair, The : season 4 AFF SEAS.5 Affair,
    [Show full text]