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Caiman Crocodilus Crocodilus) Revista De La Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UCV, Vol

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Caiman Crocodilus Crocodilus) Revista De La Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UCV, Vol Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UCV ISSN: 0258-6576 [email protected] Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela Alvarado-Rico, Sonia; García, Gisela; Céspedes, Raquel; Casañas, Martha; Rodríguez, Albert Carecterización Morfológica e Histoquímica del Hígado de la Baba (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus) Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UCV, vol. 53, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2012, pp. 13-19 Universidad Central de Venezuela Maracay, Venezuela Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=373139079002 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Rev. Fac. Cs. Vets. HISTOLOGÍA UCV. 53(1):13-19. 2012 CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA E HISTOQUÍMICA DEL HÍGADO DE LA BABA (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus) Morphological and Histochemical Characterization of the Liver of the Spectacled Cayman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus) Sonia Alvarado-Rico*,1, Gisela García*, Raquel Céspedes**, Martha Casañas*** y Albert Rodríguez**** *Cátedra de Histología y **Cátedra de Anatomía Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. ***Postgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. ****Pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Apartado 4563, Maracay, 2101A, estado Aragua, Venezuela Correo-E:[email protected] Recibido: 28/11/11 - Aprobado: 13/07/12 RESUMEN ABSTraCT La morfología, organización y los componentes The morphology, organization and intracytoplasmic intracitoplasmáticos del hepatocito de la baba components of the liver of the spectacled cayman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus) son aspectos que se (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus) are aspects that have han estudiado parcialmente hasta el momento. Con been partially studied so far. A descriptive study of el fin de generar información sobre la morfología the morphological and histochemical characteristics microscópica del hígado de esta subespecie, se of the liver of this subspecies was performed. realizó un estudio descriptivo de las características This investigation would enable researchers to morfológicas e histoquímicas del hígado de la understand the liver functions in these animals, baba, lo que permitirá la comprensión de algunas thus allowing future research using this organ as an funciones hepáticas en estos ejemplares. De experimental model. Eight liver samples were fixed esta manera, se podrán realizar en el futuro, in 10% v/v formalin and processed by conventional investigaciones utilizando a dicho órgano como histology using routine hematoxylin and eosin modelo experimental para el estudio de las rutas staining. Additionaly, special stains, such as the metabólicas de los metabolitos procesados a este Trichrome of Gallegos method and the red oil “O” nivel. Se tomaron ocho muestras de hígado, se and Wilder, were also used. The findings revealed fijaron en formol al 10% y se procesaron por los the presence of a bilobed liver located in the midline métodos histológicos de coloraciones de rutina of the caudal coelomic cavity, surrounded by a (Hematoxilina y Eosina). Asimismo, se utilizaron thin capsule of connective tissue; the parenchyma las coloraciones especiales de Tricrómico de showed the layout of the classic hepatic lobule, the Gallegos, el método de Wilder y el aceite rojo hepatocytes were arranged in tortuous cords and “O”. Los hallazgos del presente trabajo revelaron an acinar pattern. The presence of pigment-laden la presencia de un hígado bilobulado, ubicado en la cells compatible with melanophores scattered in cavidad celómica caudal, con los lóbulos derecho liver tissue was evidenced. Intracytoplasmic lipid e izquierdo unidos por un istmo. El órgano se droplets of various sizes occupying almost the entire 1 A quien debe dirigirse la correspondencia (To whom correspondence should be addressed) Caiman crocodilus crocodilus: Caracterización del Hígado de la Baba /Alvarado et al. encuentra rodeado por una delgada cápsula de tejido cytoplasm of the hepatocytes were observed. conectivo, su parénquima se dispone en cordones tortuosos con un patrón acinar, con presencia de células pigmentadas compatibles con melanóforos, dispersas en el tejido hepático, y con gotas lipídicas intracitoplasmáticas de diversos tamaños, que en algunos casos ocupaban casi la totalidad del citoplasma de los hepatocitos. (Palabras clave: Caiman (crocodilus crocodilus), (Key words: Caiman (crocodilus crocodilus), liver, hígado, anatomía animal, histología animal, animal morphology, animal histology, Aragua) Aragua) INTRODUCCIÓN control; además, estos animales son considerados productos de exportación, sin tomar en cuenta los La baba, pertenece al orden Crocodylia, el aspectos sanitarios básicos. Por lo antes expuesto, es cual está compuesto por 22 especies y dividido importante generar información sobre los aspectos en tres grupos básicos considerados como las nutricionales, conductuales, anatomofisiológicos, subfamilias: Crocodylinae y Gavialinae, y la metabólicos y reproductivos de la baba, a fin de subfamilia Alligatorinae, donde se encuentra la mejorar el manejo sanitario a nivel de zoocriaderos subespecie Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (Ross y y de solventar las posibles patologías que pudieran Magnusson, 1989). Estos reptiles forman un grupo presentarse. El manejo sanitario adecuado permitirá de animales muy antiguos cuyos fósiles se remontan su explotación racional controlada y garantizará la a unos 200 millones de años (Britton, 2002). restitución de los ejemplares a su ambiente natural. En Venezuela, existen al menos cinco especies Se han realizado estudios relacionados con las de crocodilidus, entre las cuales se encuentran el características anatómicas, histológicas e histoquímicas caimán del Orinoco (Crocodilus intermedius) y el del sistema digestivo de la baba (Rossini, 2003); caimán de la Costa (Crocodilus acutus), el babo características anatómicas e histológicas del aparato morichalero (Paleosuchus palpehosus), caimanes genital masculino del Caiman crocodilus crocodilus enanos (Paleosuchus trigonatus) y la baba (Caiman (Cabrera y García, 2004; Cabrera et al., 2007), crocodilus crocodilus; Brazaitis, 1973), subespecie estudios acerca de la presencia de mucinas en el objeto de este estudio. La baba se ubica en nuestro aparato genital masculino de la baba (Cabrera y país principalmente en las zonas llaneras inundables García, 2007); y descripción morfológica de las de los estados Apure, Barinas, Cojedes, Guárico y células sanguíneas del Caiman crocodilus crocodilus Portuguesa, y en la Cuenca y el Delta del Orinoco (Rossini y García, 2010). (Velasco y Ayarzagüena, 1992). Desde el punto de vista anatómico, el hígado es Las especies Crocodilus intermedius, Crocodilus una glándula simple, que constituye del 2 al 5% del acutus y la sub especie Caiman crocodilus crocodilus peso corporal en un individuo adulto (Banks, 1986). son consideradas como las de mayor potencial Este órgano recibe irrigación especial de aporte y biológico y económico tanto en la industria peletera, funcional. La irrigación de aporte proviene del tronco como para el consumo de su carne, huevos, hemipene, celíaco, la primera rama visceral colateral de la arteria huesos, grasas y vísceras. Con respecto al Caiman aorta abdominal, mediante la arteria hepática, la cual crocodilus crocodilus, su explotación y cría en irriga al hígado. La irrigación funcional ocurre por la cautiverio se han practicado desde hace dos décadas vena porta hepática, a través de la cual ingresa sangre (Velasco et al., 2003). Con el objetivo de consumir su venosa proveniente del tracto gastrointestinal. Esta carne como fuente proteica animal, en la actualidad su sangre contiene la mayoría de las sustancias que han captura se hace en forma indiscriminada y sin ningún sido absorbidas por el intestino y que en su trayecto 14 Rev. Fac. Cs. Vets. - UCV. 53 (1): págs. 13-19. 2012 hacia la circulación sanguínea principal, son captadas de la UCV. Las muestras de hígado fueron por la célula hepática. Estas sustancias intervienen incluidas en parafina, según los métodos histológicos en múltiples procesos metabólicos, de excreción y convencionales (Prophet et al., 1995). De los bloques endocrinos (Geneser, 2001). obtenidos, se realizaron cortes de 4 micrómetros de Cabe destacar, que en el hígado se realizan grosor, utilizando un microtomo de deslizamiento entre otras funciones, la producción de sustancias marca JUNG. Las muestras se tiñeron usando la de naturaleza hormonal, procesos metabólicos como coloración de rutina hematoxilina-eosina (H-E), y la glucólisis y gluconeogénesis, metabolismo lipídico, se hicieron cortes seriados para la observación de la procesos de transporte, destoxificación, síntesis de trayectoria de los cordones de hepatocitos, así como vitaminas; y durante el desarrollo embrionario, la también, de los vasos sanguíneos y los conductillos función hematopoyética (Geneser, 2001). hepáticos. Para evidenciar las fibras colágenas, Basado en lo anteriormente expuesto, el propósito se utilizó la coloración especial de Tricrómico de este trabajo fue el de caracterizar morfológica e de Gallegos (TG) y para evidenciar las fibras histoquímicamente el hígado del Caiman crocodilus reticulares, se empleó el método de Wilder (MW). crocodilus. Asimismo, se realizó la toma de muestras de 2 cm2 para cortes por congelación, los cuales se realizaron en MATERIALES
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