Ethiopia: Cradle of Civilization
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Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 59 - 18 January 2021
Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 59 - 18 January 2021 Europe External Programme with Africa is a Belgium-based Centre of Expertise with in-depth knowledge, publications, and networks, specialised in issues of peace building, refugee protection and resilience in the Horn of Africa. EEPA has published extensively on issues related to movement and/or human trafficking of refugees in the Horn of Africa and on the Central Mediterranean Route. It cooperates with a wide network of Universities, research organisations, civil society and experts from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda and across Africa. Reported war situation (as confirmed per 17 January) - According to Sudan Tribune, the head of the Sudanese Sovereign Council, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, disclosed that Sudanese troops were deployed on the border as per an agreement with the Ethiopian Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed, arranged prior to the beginning of the war. - Al-Burhan told a gathering about the arrangements that were made in the planning of the military actions: “I visited Ethiopia shortly before the events, and we agreed with the Prime Minister of Ethiopia that the Sudanese armed forces would close the Sudanese borders to prevent border infiltration to and from Sudan by an armed party.” - Al-Burhan stated: "Actually, this is what the (Sudanese) armed forces have done to secure the international borders and have stopped there." His statement suggests that Abiy Ahmed spoke with him about the military plans before launching the military operation in Tigray. - Ethiopia has called the operation a “domestic law and order” action to respond to domestic provocations, but the planning with neighbours in the region on the actions paint a different picture. -
Feasibility Study for a Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia
Friedrich zur Heide Feasibility Study for a Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia BfN-Skripten 317 2012 Feasibility Study for a Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Friedrich zur Heide Cover pictures: Tributary of the Blue Nile River near the Nile falls (top left); fisher in his traditional Papyrus boat (Tanqua) at the southwestern papyrus belt of Lake Tana (top centre); flooded shores of Deq Island (top right); wild coffee on Zege Peninsula (bottom left); field with Guizotia scabra in the Chimba wetland (bottom centre) and Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea (bottom right) (F. zur Heide). Author’s address: Friedrich zur Heide Michael Succow Foundation Ellernholzstrasse 1/3 D-17489 Greifswald, Germany Phone: +49 3834 83 542-15 Fax: +49 3834 83 542-22 Email: [email protected] Co-authors/support: Dr. Lutz Fähser Michael Succow Foundation Renée Moreaux Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald Christian Sefrin Department of Geography, University of Bonn Maxi Springsguth Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald Fanny Mundt Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald Scientific Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Michael Succow Michael Succow Foundation Email: [email protected] Technical Supervisor at BfN: Florian Carius Division I 2.3 “International Nature Conservation” Email: [email protected] The study was conducted by the Michael Succow Foundation (MSF) in cooperation with the Amhara National Regional State Bureau of Culture, Tourism and Parks Development (BoCTPD) and supported by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) with funds from the Environmental Research Plan (FKZ: 3510 82 3900) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). -
LALIBELA Ethiopia, Africa
LALIBELA Ethiopia, Africa Unesco World Heritage Site in 1978 According to oral tradition, Ethiopia was founded by Ethiopicus, the great-great- grandson of Noah. His son, named Axumai, founded the capital of Axum and a dynasty that reigned for 97 generations. His last queen, named Makeda (Queen of Sheba). She visited King Solomon in Jerusalem and returned pregnant. Her son Menelik I was the first of the Solomonic dynasty which ruled almost uninterruptedly until 1974 when Haile Selassie was deposed. Within the latter dynasty the best known king was Lalibela (1133-1173) and according to tradition, he travelled to Jerusalem just before the city fell into Muslim hands and then decided to create a new Jerusalem in Ethiopia, giving his name to this city of churches. The churches of Lalibela were built between the 7th and 13th centuries. They are carved from single blocks of red basaltic rock, without bricks, wood or mortar. Chisels, axes and shovels were used to carve into the porous volcanic surface. There are 4 free-standing churches and the others are attached to the rock. The churches were linked by passages and over time a multitude of hollows and caves were cut into the rock around the temples. These cavities were used as tombs (bones can still be seen) and as dwellings for hermits. Why were the churches built "underground"? • Where Lalibela is, there is no stone or wood to build with, there is only the rock where the churches were excavated. • The temples were hidden from the eyes of the Arabs, who were harassing Ethiopia at the time. -
World Bank Document
Report No. 23457 Report No: I057770 <--Please check for duplicates! Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (Initial) Date ISDS Prepared/Updated: 01/08/2002 Section I - Basic Information Public Disclosure Authorized A. Basic Project Data Country: ETHIOPIA Project ID: P057770 Project: Cultural Heritage Project Task Team Leader: Peter A. Dewees Appraisal Date: January 18, 2002 IBRD Amount ($m): Board Date: March 28, 2002 IDA Amount ($m): 4.95 Managing Unit: AFTES Sector: MY - Non-Sector Specific Lending Instrument: Learning and Innovation Loan (LIL) Status: Lending I.A.2. Project Objectives: Ethiopia is the site of some of the oldest human settlements in Africa. Though the beginning of recorded Ethiopian history dates to the reported meeting around 1000 BC of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, relatively recent discoveries have shown that it has a rich prehistory as well. Early Christian influences date to around 400 AD and Islamic influences followed Public Disclosure Authorized several hundred years later, and these have had a profound impact on Ethiopian culture and tradition. A rich civilization flourished around Axum until the 7th century AD which was an amalgam of indigenous culture and external influences, notably from Southern Arabia. Other dynasties, such as the Zagwe (responsible for the construction of eleven monolithic churches in Lalibela some time before the late 1200s) left a deep imprint on Ethiopia as well. The fortress city of Fasil Ghebbi in Gondar, residence of the Emperor Fasilides and his successors during the 16th and 17th centuries, contains palaces, churches, monasteries and unique public and private buildings marked by Hindu and Arabic influences, and transformed by the baroque style brought by Jesuit missionaries. -
Partners' Guide to Ethiopia
PARTNERS’ GUIDE TO ETHIOPIA Africa Avenue, one of the main streets in Addis Ababa. One of the main streets in Addis Ababa. Welcome Statement from Dennis Weller Mission Director, USAID Ethiopia Mission Director Dennis Weller USAID/Ethiopia Dear Reader, If you’ve opened this guide, you have already As the home of the African Union and the United demonstrated an interest in development Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis opportunities in Ethiopia. That is an important Abeba is already the diplomatic hub of Africa. first step. Assuming Ethiopia continues on its current development track, it has the potential to become Boasting one of the highest GDP growth rates an economic hub. in the world over the past decade, Ethiopia is certainly on the rise. The Government of Ethiopia All of us at the United States Agency for was instrumental in leading that growth and International Development in Ethiopia (USAID) now has ambitious plans to move Africa’s second would like to encourage potential investors to most populous country and one of its poorest to look at the opportunities which Ethiopia offers middle-income status by 2025. In support of that and to consider investing if it makes sense. As a goal, it is investing heavily in its infrastructure and development agency, we like to say that our goal social services. is to one day work ourselves out of a job. That day may still be some way off in Ethiopia, but we’re For our part, USAID’s development portfolio optimistic that the growing involvement of the consists of a wide range of activities designed private sector in Ethiopia’s development will help to create opportunities for Ethiopian citizens. -
AXUM – Welcoming and Engaging Visitors – Design Report
Pedro Guedes (2010) AXUM – Welcoming and engaging visitors – Design report CONTENTS: Design report 1 Appendix – A 25 Further thoughts on Interpretation Centres Appendix – B 27 Axum signage and paving Presented to Tigray Government and tourism commission officials and stakeholders in Axum in November 2009. NATURE OF SUBMISSION: Design Research This Design report records a creative design approach together with the development of original ideas resulting in an integrated proposal for presenting Axum’s rich tangible and intangible heritage to visitors to this important World Heritage Town. This innovative proposal seeks to use local resources and skills to create a distinct and memorable experience for visitors to Axum. It relies on engaging members of the local community to manage and ‘own’ the various ‘attractions’ for visitors, hopefully keeping a substantial proportion of earnings from tourism in the local community. The proposal combines attitudes to Design with fresh approaches to curatorship that can be applied to other sites. In this study, propositions are tested in several schemes relating to the design of ‘Interpretation centres’ and ideas for exhibits that would bring them to life and engage visitors. ABSTRACT: Axum, in the highlands of Ethiopia was the centre of an important trading empire, controlling the Red Sea and channeling exotic African merchandise into markets of the East and West. In the fourth century (AD), it became one of the first states to adopt Christianity as a state religion. Axum became the major religious centre for the Ethiopian Coptic Church. Axum’s most spectacular archaeological remains are the large carved monoliths – stelae that are concentrated in the Stelae Park opposite the Cathedral precinct. -
Ethiopia Lifetime Adventure | 2019 Ethiopia Highlights
Gheralta Mountains Human © the Movie ethiopia lifetime adventure | 2019 ethiopia highlights Lalibela - exploring the incredible 12th century rock-hewn churches. Visit the church in a cave - Yemrehana Krestos. Low level flight through the spectacular Tekeze gorge Tigray Region & Gheralta mountains - ancient rock-hewn churches full of colourful frescoes and artefacts. Danakil Depression - Afar people on the salt pans, neon sulphur springs at Dallol and the turquoise pools of Lake Asal. Stellae monuments at the bustling town of Aksum, the building believed to house the Ark of the Covenant, Maria Zion and the monastery with the treasure house. Simien Mountains - high altitude landscapes, Gelada baboon & Walia Ibex. Royal Enclosure of Gondar - Castles and imperial houses dating back 400 years. End of your safari! Dawn over the Simiens © Richard Coke itinerary Aksum Day 1: Addis Ababa Explore the street markets and museum, TIGRAY and enjoy an evening in the traditional Simiens Gheralta song houses. Sheraton Hotel SUDAN Gondar Tekeze River Danakil Day 2 & 3: Lalibela FlyCongo to Lalibela viahighlights the Blue Nile gorge. AMHARA Visit some of the ancient monolithic AFAR churchesVirunga including National St George Parkand Lalibela Yemrehana Krestos, in the company of a local guide.Mountain Mountain & Lowland View Gorilla Hotel Semliki River, Lake Edward & Sinda Day 4, 5 & 6: Tigray Region Our next destination is GheraltaGorge in the Tigray region, flying via the spectacular TekezeSenkwekwe Gorge. We gorillawill visit orphanage the ancient Blue churches in the mountains including an Nile optional thrilling hike to Abuna Yemata The active volcanos of Nyamuragira - the church in the sky! Take a morning heli excursion to theand Danakil Nyiragongo Depression. -
Invest in Ethiopia: Focus MEKELLE December 2012 INVEST in ETHIOPIA: FOCUS MEKELLE
Mekelle Invest in Ethiopia: Focus MEKELLE December 2012 INVEST IN ETHIOPIA: FOCUS MEKELLE December 2012 Millennium Cities Initiative, The Earth Institute Columbia University New York, 2012 DISCLAIMER This publication is for informational This publication does not constitute an purposes only and is meant to be purely offer, solicitation, or recommendation for educational. While our objective is to the sale or purchase of any security, provide useful, general information, product, or service. Information, opinions the Millennium Cities Initiative and other and views contained in this publication participants to this publication make no should not be treated as investment, representations or assurances as to the tax or legal advice. Before making any accuracy, completeness, or timeliness decision or taking any action, you should of the information. The information is consult a professional advisor who has provided without warranty of any kind, been informed of all facts relevant to express or implied. your particular circumstances. Invest in Ethiopia: Focus Mekelle © Columbia University, 2012. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. ii PREFACE Ethiopia, along with 189 other countries, The challenges that potential investors adopted the Millennium Declaration in would face are described along with the 2000, which set out the millennium devel- opportunities they may be missing if they opment goals (MDGs) to be achieved by ignore Mekelle. 2015. The MDG process is spearheaded in Ethiopia by the Ministry of Finance and The Guide is intended to make Mekelle Economic Development. and what Mekelle has to offer better known to investors worldwide. Although This Guide is part of the Millennium effort we have had the foreign investor primarily and was prepared by the Millennium Cities in mind, we believe that the Guide will be Initiative (MCI), which is an initiative of of use to domestic investors in Ethiopia as The Earth Institute at Columbia University, well. -
Private Safaris (E.A) Ltd Partnering with the Best
PRIVATE SAFARIS (E.A) LTD PARTNERING WITH THE BEST PROPOSAL INTRODUCTION Ethiopia Safari HISTORIC NORTH HARAR 1 ITINERARY AT A GLANCE Day/Date Location Accommodation Meal Plan 1. Bahirdar Bahirdar Half Board 2. Abraminch Abraminch Full Board 3. Gondar Gondar Full Board 4. Semien Semien Full Board 5. Axum Yaredzema Full Board 6. Axum Yaredzema Full Board 7. Lalibela Lalibela Full Board 8. Addis ababa Intercontinental Full Board 9. Awash Genet Hotel Full Board 10. Harar Ras Hotel Full Board 11. Harar Ras Hotel Full Board 12. Depart DETAILED ITINERARY Day 01: Addis Ababa- Bahirdar Arrival in Addis Ababa. Transfer to your chosen hotel. Morning at leisure. At 1400 hrs from the hotel tour of the capital, visit Entoto mountain with views over the capital, the National museum, St George church and the Mercato, biggest open air market in Africa. Then transfer to the airport for evening departure to Bahirdar. Dinner and Overnight: Bahirdar Day 02: Bahirdar - Abraminch After breakfast drive to visit the Blue Nile falls it’s about 35 km and it takes about 1 hour drive and then 15 minutes’ walk). Admire these spectacular falls. Late morning drive back to Bahirdar. Lunch in a hotel. Afternoon make a boat excursion on Lake Tana to visit the monasteries over its islands, as Ura Kidane Mehret. Dinner and Overnight: Abraminch Day 03: Abraminch- Gondar Morning drive to Gondar, it’s about 176 km. It takes about 2:30 hrs driving enjoy very nice landscapes, Lake Tana and Amhara villages. Transfer to the hotel for lunch. Afternoon visit the castles, Debre Birhan Sellasie church (light of Trinity) with wonderful murals, King Fasiladas bath and Empress Mentewab palace. -
Preliminary Report: Conservation Concerns for the Lalibela Rock Hewn Churches
Preliminary Report: Conservation Concerns for the Lalibela Rock Hewn Churches Dr Yirga Gelaw Woldeyes Curtin University, Australia Version 3, 14 October 2018 1 Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5 The EU Funded Shelters .......................................................................................................... 11 Conservation Work on the Bete Gabriel-Rafael, Bete Golgotha and Selassie Churches ........ 18 Unanswered Questions on Funding Discrepancies .................................................................. 22 Recommendations .................................................................................................................... 25 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 27 References ................................................................................................................................ 30 Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 32 Appendix 1: Letter from the Lalibela Church to UNESCO ................................................. 34 Appendix 2: Letters from the Lalibela Church to Ethiopian Authorities ............................ -
The Existing Challenges of Heritage
ACCESS Freely available online rism & OPEN ou H f T o o s l p a i t n a r l i u t y o J Journal of ISSN: 2167-0269 Tourism & Hospitality Research Article The Existing Challenges of Heritage Management in Gondar World Heritage Sites: A Case Study on Fasil Ghebbi and the Baths Shegalem Fekadu Mengstie* Department of History and Heritage Management, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ABSTRACT Heritage management is an administrative means by which heritage resources are protected from natural and manmade cause of deterioration. The town of Gondar is located in Northwestern Ethiopia and it has outstanding and outstay world cultural heritage resources situated at its hub. However, these stunning properties are threatened with multidimensional heritage management problems. So, the main aim of this paper is to identify the main and existing challenges and show the severity of the problems in comparison with different case studies in the world. It compiled through qualitative research method with descriptive research design. And data were collected through survey, participant observation and photographic documentation and interpretation. The collected data also compiled by qualitative method of data analysis. The main and the existing challenges of Gondar’s world heritage sites, specifically of the Fasil Ghebbi and the baths are plant overgrowth, human activities on the immediate vicinity of the sites (that leads to vibration of the structures and noise disturbance), negligence, visitors pressure, improper conservation, nonexistence or inapplicability of heritage management plan, Lack of tourist follow-up system as a means for deliberate graffiti of heritages, lack of cooperation among the concerned bodies and unavailability of directions and instructions. -
ETHIOPIA - TIGRAY REGION HUMANITARIAN UPDATE Situation in Tigray (1 July 2021) Last Updated: 2 Jul 2021
ETHIOPIA - TIGRAY REGION HUMANITARIAN UPDATE Situation in Tigray (1 July 2021) Last updated: 2 Jul 2021 FLASH UPDATE (2 Jul 2021) Situation in Tigray (1 July 2021) The political dynamics have changed dramatically in Ethiopia's Tigray Region following the unilateral ceasefire declaration by the Ethiopian Government on 28 June 2021. Reportedly, the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) have taken control over most parts of Tigray following the withdrawal of the Ethiopian and Eritrean defense forces from the capital, Mekelle, and other parts of the region, while Western Tigray remains under the control of the Amhara Region. The consequences of the unfolding situation on humanitarian operations in Tigray remain fluid. The breakdown of essential services such as the blackout of electricity, telecommunications, and internet throughout Tigray region will only exacerbate the already dire humanitarian situation. Reported shortages of cash and fuel in the region can compromise the duty of care of aid workers on the ground. Despite the dynamic and uncertain situation, partners report that the security situation in Tigray has been generally calm over the past few days, with limited humanitarian activities being implemented around Mekelle and Shire. Key developments On 28 June, the Federal Government agreed to the request from the Interim Regional Administration in Tigray for a "unilateral ceasefire, until the farming season ends." Subsequently, Ethiopia National Defense Forces (ENDF) withdrew from Mekelle and other main towns in the region, including Shire, Axum, Adwa, and Adigrat. Currently, former Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) are in control of the main cities and roads in Tigray. There were no reports of fighting in Mekelle and other towns.