I SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 . 25 CENTS VOLUME 37/NUMBER 32 .

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Segt. 8 grotest in ChicaQQ Black groups, unions · set anti-inflation rC!I.'Y

'DR. 'BUTZ'S STARVING MANt l>IET ~~E I -- MOR~ Of LESS JI LISS OF LESS l[ LEAST 1! NOTHING y_ - lESS mAN

l:t~~~~~~~~ The real· Sam Ervin: .

:r::::\: racist and anti labor -page4 Vietnam vets ex~ose frame-up trial · Fl~~ THIS In Brief PROTEST CONVICTIONS FOR 'THOUGHT CRIME' but it has refused to say whether they will be paid for IN ISRAEL: Fifty people picketed the Israeli consulate the day they were out. On Aug. 27, a special board meet­ WEEK'S in New York Aug. 21 to protest the recent sentencing of ing called to consider the demands of the HTA was at­ Rami Livneh and Mali Lehrman to 10 and seven years, tended by 300 teachers. The HTA was demanding an MILITANT respectively, in prison in Haifa. $1, 100 across-the-board increase. Starting teachers in 6 'Plot' to kill Nixon is Livneh and Lehrman were sentenced not for acts of Houston get $7,100 a year. publicity stunt espionage or terror, but for failing to report a discussion The board of education argued that it had no money, with a member of the Palestinian resistance organization Watergate-the week in and voted only a $100 increase. In contrast, the salary i Fateh who was visiting Israel. of Dr. George Garver, the general superintendent for the review Livneh was a member of the Revolutionary Communist Houston Independent School District, was raised to 8 Farm workers vigil for Alliance. The judge at his trial argued that "the purpose $46,000 less than six months ago. de Ia Cruz of the organization was to carry out a violent revolution 9 UFW spreads boycott in order to overthrow the present government in Israel SWP CAMPAIGN SCORES ANOTHER FIRST: On Aug. 13 Ohio prisoners demand and to set up in its place an Arab-Jewish regime.... A 26, Debby Bustin and Joel Aber became the first socialist change in the present regime and the establishment of an rights candidates to be placed on the ballot in the history of Arab-Jewish regime in its place.... constitutes an im- 14 PST enters Argentine Atlanta city elections. Both candidates presented petitions pingement of the sovereignty of Israel. ..." containing more than 10,300 signatures of registered election The Ad-Hoc Committee for the Preservation of Civil voters, and both have been informed that they are certified 15 N.Y. socialists obtain Liberties in Israel, which called the demonstration, pointed for ballot status.. Bustin was the third of 11 candidates ballot status out that "this decision has created a legal precedent by to qualify for mayor, and Aber was the first of six to 16 Shanker unchallenged at which anyone favoring a binational state or an end to qualify for city council president. All the other candidates AFT convention an exclusive Jewish state is guilty of violating the security for city-wide office qualified by paying filing fees of $1,000 and sovereignty of Israel. Thus the concept of thought 17 Women march for for ma¥or and $600 for city council president. crime has been introduced." ERA, abortion rights BLACKS, WOMEN LAUNCH FIGHT AGAINST TV 18 Union paper reviews WILMINGTON NINE GET CHURCH FUNDS: In an STATION: Militant reader Judy Hagans reports that the 'Teamster Power' unprecedented action, the United Church of Christ recently National Black Communications Caucus (NBCC) and 19 Bailey defeated in voted to allocate $350,000 toward bail for the Wilmington the Detroit chapter of the National Organization for Berkeley recall vote Nine. The decision came at a meeting in St. Louis attended Women (NOW) are prepared to file a petition with the 24 Support actions multiply by 800 delegates from each of 40 conferences of the de­ FCC to. deny license renewal to WJBK-TV2, Storer Broad­ nomination. for farm workers' boy­ casting's CBS affiliate in Detroit. The Wilmington_ Nine, along with Reverend Ben Chavis, The groups charge that TV2 -has refused to negotiate cott were convicted in 1972 on charges stemming from a in good faith with community organizations over im­ rebellion in Wilmington, N.C., in 1971. proved programming, community access to the sta­ 2 In Brief Bond of $40,000 each will be posted for the nine now tion's facilities, and fair hiring of Blacks and women. 10 In Our Opinion awaiting an appeal of their conviction in North Carolina Joining NOW and the NBCC in the action, which will prisons. Chavis, a staff member of the Church, was recently Letters be taken to federal court if necessary, are the Women's released on bail and is awaiting an appeal this fall. 11 National Picket Line Radio Collective, the Michigan Women's Political Caucus, According to Irving Joyner, director of the church's and the Interfaith Centers for Racial Justice. Means Neces­ By Any criminal justice priority team, "This is the first time in In a recent FCC survey, all three of Detroit's major sary history that a denomination has done such a thing." network stations ranked poorly in their records on hiring 12 Great Society and programming, with TV2 just missing the list of the Women in Revolt DEMONSTRATORS HIT REPRESSION IN MEXICO: 10 worst in the country. Although all Detroit stations are La Raza en Accion· About 50 persons, mostly Chicanos, marched in a picket guilty of sexism, racism, and tokenism, TV2 was singled 20 In Review line Aug. 22 in front of the Mexican consulate in Los out as the worst offender. Angeles to protest police repression in Mexico. In recent 21 The Militant Gets weeks, large numbers of police have attacked student IOWA INDIANS OCCUPY GOVERNMENT OFFICES: Around demonstrations in Mexico City, including one. com­ Ten Indians were arrested in Des Moines, Iowa, Aug. 22 News From Pathfinder memorating the Cuban revolutio~ary holiday, the 26th after they occupied part of a state office b:ullding for more of July. than two hours. The occupiers, led by Ron Petite, a Des WORLD OUTLOOK On another occasion, 600 cops invaded the campus Moines activist in the American Indian Movement (AIM), 1. Interview with Alain of the National Autonomous University of ~exico issued 12 demands centering mainly around prison condi­ Krivine (UNAM) on the -pretext of chasing some "criminals." tions, parole reforms, and discrimination against Indian The L.A. protest was organized by several groups, includ­ _prisoners in Iowa. All 10 participants in the action were 2 Trotsky: Why Marxists ing the National Committee to Free Los Tres, CASA­ charged with disturbing the peace and were released on oppose individual Hermandad, the Lincoln-Boyle Heights chapter of La bail. -DAVE FRANKEL terrorism Raza Unida Party, and the People's Collective. 4 Canadian New Demo­ cratic Party convention CALIF. BALLOT SUIT MOVES AHEAD: The way has been cleared for an early hearing on the suit brought YOUR FIRST by the Committee for Democratic Election Laws (CoDEL) .against ballot restrictions in California. Federal Judge Robert Schnackle has denied a state motion to join the ISSUE? suit with another challenging the constitutionality of Cali­ THE MILITANT fornia's independent nominations law. If the motion had SUBSCRIBE VOLUME 37/NUMBER 32 been granted, the CoDEL suit would have been delayed. SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 California law requires a new party feeking ballot status CLOSING NEWS DATE-AUG. 29, 1973 to obtain the signatures of 663,000 voters or to register TO THE 66,300 members. Last month, a legislative advisory com­ Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS mittee voted 9 to 7 ~gainst the recommendation of its MILITANT Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING own subcommittee to ease this -requirement. The proposed reduction to 16,000 registered members would have UNITED FARM WORKERS UNION: The Militant actively Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: enabled La Raza Unida Party, a co-plaintiff in the CoDEL supports the struggle of the UFWU. For weekly on-the­ Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) suit, to qualify for ballot status. spot reports of national boycott activiti.es and information 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western on what you can do to help ... Read The Militant. Ave., las Angeles, Calif. 90029. Telephone: (213) 463- 1917. . HOUSTON TEACHERS STRIKE ENDED: The strike Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes by the Houston Teacher~ Association (HTA), which repre­ Introductory oller-S1/3months of address should be addressed to The Militant Business sents 9,000 teachers, was call~d off after one day at a ( ) $1 for three months of The Militant. Office, 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. meeting of 5,000 teachers Aug. 20. Second-class postage paid at New Yark, N.Y. Sub. ( ) $2 for three months of The Militant and three months scriptions: Domestic: S5 a year; foreign, SS. By first­ The teachers faced oppos~tion from the right-wing of the International Socialist Review. class mail: domestic and Canada, $25; all other coun­ Congress of Houston Teaehers, which mobilized its ( ) $5 for one year of The Militant tries, S41. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, membership to break the strike, as well as from the board ( ) New ( ) Renewal $32; Mexico and the Caribbean, S30; latin America of eQucation. An emergency meeting of the -school board and Europe, S40; Africa, Australia, and Asia (including USSR), S50. Write for sealed air postage rates. threatened to revoke the certificates of striking teachers and NAME------~------For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then to confiscate retirement funds- possibilities opened up by ADDRESS------­ 1 posted from london directly: England and Ireland, l1.20 a vicious antiunion state law. All but a few hundred CITY STATE ZIP---- .far 10 issues, l4.50 for one year; Continental Europe, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 . l1.50 for 10 issues, l5.50 for one year. Send banker's teachers voted to return to work. draft directly Ia Pathfinder- Press, 47 The Cut, london, The school board has promised amnesty to strikers, SE1 Sll, England. Inquire for air rates from london at the same address. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in .editorials.

2 Unions, Black groups mobilize for Sept. 8 price protest in Chicago By BRUCE BLOY outraged at soaring prices, especially ,...... CHICAGO-"The whole theme of this for food. On April28 a demonstration =·•''-'""""··· demonstration is 'We have had in San Francisco against inflation and enough!' The people have had enough, wage controls drew 3,000 to 5,000 Mr. Nixon!" said Reverend Willie Bar­ protesters. It was called by the Pnited rows, coordinator of the Coalition for Labor Action Committee, a coalition Jobs and Economic Justice, at a recent of Bay Area trade unionists. planning meeting for the demonstra­ At the April 28 rally, several speak­ tion being organized here. ers pointed to the need to continue More than 200 representatives from demonstrations if prices kept climbing. labor, civil rights, antiwar, student, In recent months, during Phase 3 1/2 and older people's groups attended and now Phase 4, prices have risen the Aug. 23 planning meeting. They faster than ever. hope to turn out thousands of people On the other hand, major contracts in the streets of Chicago on Sept. 8 negotiated this year, covering team­ to protest the high cost of living and sters, rail, steel, electrical, and rubber unfair taxation, and to demand jobs workers, have not included wage gains for all. that come anywhere near making up Militant/Terry Quilica The coalition was initiated this sum­ for inflation. Members of Meat Cutters union at April 4 demonstration of 3,000 in Chicago. The mer by Reverend Jesse Jackson of Although some have partial es­ action, initiated by Operation PUSH, protested inflation and government cutbacks Operation PUSH (People United to calator clauses, none of the contracts in social-services spending. PUSH and Meat Cutters are among those actively build­ Save Humanity); Jerry Wurf, president have included an unlimited escalator ing Sept. 8. of the American Federation of State, clause to raise wages at the same County and Municipal Employees rate as the real increase in the cost tee, Young Socialist Alliance, Socialist the organization of union contingents (AFSCME); Leonard Woodcock, pres­ of living. This is the only measure Workers Party, and Communist Party. in the shops. that can really protect workers from The meeting also heard plans for ident of the United Auto Workers; and 'Into the streets' the Coalition of Black Trade Union­ inflation. a media campaign that will include ists. They also called for the- Sept. So, as one might expect, anger is In a recent interview, Reverend Bar­ a series of news conferences by wom­ 8 demonstration. still building up over prices. It is rows said, "We felt that with what en's organizations, labor leaders, and Speaking at a July 27 press con­ significant that the Sept. 8 demonstra­ is happening in this country today, Black, Chicano, and Puerto Rican or­ ganizations. ference to announce the formation of tion has drawn even wider Black and with Watergate, with the distrust t):lat people have in the government, that A speaker's bureau has been or­ the coalition, Jesse Jackson called for labor support than the April 28 action the people must then move into the ganized to send speakers to union "a halt to inflationary prices, and did. Up to now, 67 unions and union streets." meetings and urge members to attend To organize the largest possible the march. turnout on Sept.. 8 the coalition has About 50 women from Chicago-area secured two offices, one at PUSH unions attended an Aug. 27 meeting headquarters and the other at Amal­ gamated Meat Cutters headquarters, The Sept. 8 demonstration against both with full-time staff people. The Meat Cutters and the UAW have inflation, unfair taxes, and unem­ assigned personnel to work full time ployment will assemble at 11 on building the demonstration. a.m. at State and Wacker Streets. Weekly Thursday night coalition For more information about meetings are held to coordinate ac­ how you can help build the dem­ tivities of various committees set up onstration, call the Coalition for to mobilize labor, community orga­ Jobs and Economic Justice at{312} nizations, students, teachers, senior citizens, and clergy. 373-3550. At the large Aug. 23 planning meet­ ing Ed Heisler, a member of the Unit­ of the Women's Trade Union Caucus. ed Transportation Union, reported on The meeting voted to support and Militant/Bruce Bloy efforts to organize union support. He build the Sept.. 8 action and to call Part of crowd of 200 at recent meeting to organize support for Sept. 8 demonstra­ said letters had been sent to every a news conference for Labor Day. tion against high prices and unemployment. labor organization in the Chicago In addition, PUSH had turned its peace. This latter point means cutting representatives have endorsed it, in­ area, calling on them to support the weekly Saturday morning meetings, the military budget. To continueignor­ cluding the UAW, AFSCME, Amal­ march. which are carried live on radio and ing the fact that the military budget gamated Meat Cutters, United Farm The American Federation of Gov­ reach thousands of people in the Chi­ is one of the chief sources of inflation Workers, American Federation ofGov­ ernment Employees had already dis­ cago area,· into rallies for building is to invite economic chaos." ernment Employees, Chicago Teachers tributed 3,500 leaflets to its member­ Sept 8. At the PUSH meeting on Aug. Jackson said, "We will be dealing Union, Shoeworkers Union, American ship and planned to hand out 9,QOO 25 Ed Heisler, speaking as secretary with the state of the economy for all Postal Workers Union, Illinois Union more the next week. The American of the coalition's labor committee, people by launching massive demon­ of Social Services Employees, Amal­ Postal Workers Union is organizing spoke to the 500 people present. strations in major cities across the gamated Clothing Workers, and a leaflet and telephone campaign to "When we march, demonstrate, pro­ nation. Chicago will initiate this major United Electrical Workers. reach its members. The Chicago test, and go on strike, then the poli­ drive in September." In a letter sent to UA W locals in Teachers Union plans to leaflet ticians listen to us," he said. "Mass Region 4 (Illinois-Iowa) urging them schools the week they open in hopes action is the only way to make the Rising anger over prices to support the demonstration, UAW of turning out not only teachers but fat cats in Washington listen to our The meat boycott last April showed regional director Robert Johnson also students and parents. Both the demands. Our power is in the streets, that millions of people were becoming pointed out that the action comes just UAW and the Meat Cutters are putting and that is where we must be on Sept. a week before their contracts with the out their own leaflets and encouraging 8." auto manufacturers expire. Blacks are the hardest hit by in­ flation. Workers of the oppressed na­ Unions back demonstration tionalities are paid less to begin with In a press release issued Aug. 27, the country," he said. "Chicago will and suffer a higher rate of unemploy­ Gustavo Gutierrez, a leader be the kicking-off point. . . . There ment than white workers. Since they of the United Farm Workers Union will be other marches, but the ul­ are at the bottom of the wage scale in Chicago, stated: "On Sept. 8 the timate purpose is that we will have and spend a larger portion of each United Farm Workers are joining a climax like we did in 1963- week's income on food, the effect of with 65 other unions ... to fight another march on Washington." skyrocketing food prices is especially for our common goals. We urge Don .Jones, president of Local devastating for Black people. Teamster brothers and sisters and 1395 of the American Federation In addition to the Black trade union­ everyone else to join us in saying of Government Employees and a ists who helped initiate the Sept. 8 'Viva la Causa' and to unite Sept. member of thi! Coalition of Black action, a number of influential Black 8." Trade Unionists, stressed the im­ community organizations areinvolved Another statement of support portance of the demonstration for in building it. These include PUSH, came from Neil Bratcher, Illinois impending union negotiations. "The the Chicago NAACP, and the Chicago District director of American Feder­ workers will move to awaken any Urban League. ation of State, County and Munic­ union that is sleeping, to make them ~· ::: . Other groups participating include ipal Employees Council 19. "This aware of their individual needs and lnnt/R••"" Bloy Clergy and Laity Concerned, Chicago march here is but the first step in to make sure that the union repre­ BARROWS: leader of Coalition for Jobs Peace Action Coalition, Chicago Peace a massive organizing effort across sents all the people in the union." and Economic Justice. Council, Student Mobilization Commit-

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 3 WATERGATE: Ervin

Ervin helped lead a filibuster wages while prices-and profits- sky~ against the civil rights bill proposed rocketed under Phases 1, 2, 3, and 4. by the Kennedy administration in 1963. Then-Attorney General Robert Defends U.S. Imperialism Kennedy asked Ervin whether he Ervin has also been a strong de­ truth would support the bill if the admini­ fender of the interests of U.S. imper­ The stration accepted certain amendments ialism around the world. He support­ Ervin had submitted. Ervin replied ed the legislation financing the Viet­ he would still not support the bill nam war and opposed the "peace" because "I love my country too much." amendments offered by liberal legis­ about 'Senator Ervin also objected to the bill be­ lators under pressure from the massive cause he felt that one section of it U.S. antiwar movement. that provided funds for promoting In 1971, Ervin voted to end import public understanding of desegregation restrictions on chromium ore that were actually amounted to governmental passed as sanctions against the racist Sam' n government of Rhodesia. That year he "brainwashing. Ervin also led the unsuccesful Dixie­ also voted for theJacksonAmendment, crat attack on the 1964 Civil Rights which authorized U.S. military credits Act, and helped lead a southern fili­ of $500-million to bolster the power buster that killed the 1966 civil rights of the Zionist state of Israel, including bill. authorization for the purchase of F-4 Ervin's opposition to civil rights Phantom jet fighters. legislation continues to this day. In 1972, Ervin voted against an amendment put forward by Senator Women's rights John Tunney (D-Cal.) that would have Ervin is the most prominent Senate suspended U.S. military assistance to opponent of the Equal Rights Amend­ the dictatorship in Brazil until the In­ ment (ERA) to the Constitution. The ter-American Commission on Human ERA would bar discrimination on the Rights determined that the Brazilian basis of sex. government was not torturing politi­ Throughout the 1970 Senate debate cal prisoners. on the ERA, Ervin led the charge Ervin's home state of North Caro­ against the legislation. He argued that lina is the leading tobacco producer the ERA would deprive "millions of in the U.S. In 1970, North Carolina women and little girls" of the "rights" accounted for more than 40 percent they have in the field of domestic re­ of the value of the total tobacco crop lations. in the U.S. In order to block the ERA's passage, Senator Ervin represents the inter­ he put forward a series of amendments ests of the tobacco moguls, not the that caused it to lose support. After interests of their victims. It is hardly one of these amendments was added to surprising, therefore, that he was one the ERA, thereby ending its chance of of the foremost opponents in the Senate passage in the 1970 Senate session, of any move to label smoking as a beaming Ervin told -reporters, "I'm "hazardous" to health. trying to protect women from their In 1964, Ervin announced, following fool friends and from themselves." the release of the surgeon general's report linking smoking to cancer, that Foe of labor he would sponsor legislation prohib­ iting the Federal Trade Commission By PETER SEIDMAN As a major power in the Democratic Ervin has opposed, on the grounds from requiring the tobacco industry The role of the Senate Watergate Com­ Party, Ervin has long proven that his of "states' rights," numerous federal to label cigarettes as dangerous to mittee in bringing to light the govern­ minimum-wage bills. After opposing loyalty is first and foremost to protec­ health. ment's Watergate crimes has won it tion of the capitalist system. And he a 1960 proposal to raise the minimum wage to $1.25 and extend its cover­ great popularity. Indeed, the commit­ has not hesitated to defend the wars, Typical capitalist politician tee's chairman, Senator Samuel Ervin racism, and economic exploitation age, he said, "I ask the Senate not to put me in the position of being in op­ Jr. (D-N. C. ), has emerged as some­ that go along with it The Senator from North Carolina position to the Legislature of North has a spotty record even in the sphere thing of a hero. "Uncle Sam" is culti­ As a leading Dixiecrat, he has con­ Carolina. . . . I have sufficient other of civil liberties. For example, in 1970 vating his image as a knight in sistently opposed civil rights for problems." he voted against granting the vote shining armor doing battle with the Blacks, supported antilabor legisla­ (In 1960, per capita personal in­ to 18-year-olds. And in 197 2 he sup­ Watergate dragon. tion, and defended U.S. aggression come in North Carolina was $1,562, ported a Senate bill that would have Ervin's reputation as a defender of overseas, including in Vietnam. making it the 45th lowest state in the repealed the equal-time requirement for constitutional rights dates from the Ervin's 19-year Senate record as union.) presidential and vice-presidential can­ late 1960s, when he emerged as a a staunch defender of capitalist rule In 1967, Ervin voted against a pro­ didates, .thereby barring socialist and prominent critic of government sur­ both in the U.S. and around the posed amendment providing for auto­ other smaller parties from receiving veillance of dissenters. This reputation world helps to clarify the real function matic increases in Social Security pay­ media coverage in the elections. came in handy when the Senate Demo­ of his Senate Watergate Committee. Its ments whenever there were rises in the Moreover, throughout his career in crats decided to set up a Watergate purpose is not to change the system cost of living. the Senate, Ervin has always been an committee and needed a "Mr. Clean" of capitalist minority rule that makes Also in 1967, Ervin voted for SJ advocate of granting the states the to head it. Watergate crimes inevitable, but rather Resolution 81. This law, which was right to wiretap. With all the publicity on Watergate, to reverse the erosion of popular con­ bitterly opposed by the unions, pro­ Ervin's real record as a defender however, Ervin's real record and fidence in the government that has re­ vided for binding arbitration of the of the racist, sexist, antilabor imperial­ views have been buried. A look at sulted from the scandal. first nationwide rail strike in more ist policies of the capitalist ruling class positions he has taken in the past than 20 years. Similarly, Ervin voted reveals the futility of relying on him shows clearly that in his view, civil Civil rights for binding arbitration of the West to put an end to government Water­ liberties should be strictly limited to Ervin has been a leader of the racist Coast Longshoremen's strike in 1972. gating. He and the other Democrats those who are white, male, and over Dixiecrat bloc in the Senate ever since Ervin also voted to extend the Eco­ are no real alternative to Nixon and 21. his appointment to that body in 1954. nomic Stabilization Act of 1971, there­ the Republicans. The record shows He opposed the 1954 Supreme by giving Nixon a free hand to freeze Continued on page 22 Court decision calling for an end to segregation in public schools. He felt the Supreme Court ruling menaced what he called the "integrity" of the From Sam's cracker barrel .. . races and that school integration In 1964, Sam Ervin led the Dixie­ American people." He called th-e pro­ threatened to "destroy each race." crat opposition to the Civil Rights posed warnings "scare tactics." bill then being considered in the And in the 1970 debate on the In 1956, Ervin drafted a statement Senate. Ervin called the proposed Equal Rights Amendment in the signed by 19 senators and 77 repre­ Senate, Ervin opposed what he sentatives pledging to use "all lawful law "the most monstrous blueprint for governmental tyranny ever pre­ called the "blunderbuss" approach means" to reverse the 1954 Supreme sented to the Congress. . . . the of the ERA. Among his arguments Court decision. tragic truth is that the bill is as full against the ERA was his fear that In 1959, he opposed a proposal of legal tricks as a mangy hound "laws requiring separate rest-rooms made by then-Attorney General Wil­ dog is full of fleas." for boys and girls in public schools liam Rogers that would make it a . . . would be annulled." He also federal crime to use force to obstruct In 1968, Ervin protested to Pres­ objected to the fact that the ERA, federal court orders in school integra­ ident Johnson against plans. to post if passed, might take the. responsi­ tion cases. Ervin said he didn't like to cigarette health warnings on U.S. bility for support of wives and fam­ see the administration use its power mail trucks. Ervin blasted what he ilies off of "where the good Lord arbitrarily against "southern white called at attempt "to brainwash the put it- on the man." folks."

4 WATERGATE: Gainesville Eight Defense· calls on)Y.: one witness Gov't frame-up of Vietnam vets falls apart By LINDA JENNESS Becker, both government informers. GAINESVILLE, Fla., Aug. 29-"All They. testified that at a meeting at the government has proved is that Scott Camil's home in May 1972, a 1984 is a lot closer and there is no "plot" was arranged to attack police such thing as privacy any more. I stations . with "fire teams" using fire move for a directed verdict of guilty bombs, hand grenades, crossbows, against the government. ..." At that and automatic weapons. point,· Scott Camil, one of the defen­ These attacks were supposedly to dants in the Gainesville Eight frame­ divert police from Miami Beach, where up trial, was threatened with a con­ other VVAW members would be using tempt citation by reactionary Judge "wrist-rocket" slingshots to provoke a Winston Arnow. Camil is acting as riot. his own defense attorney. The testimony of this pair was dis­ The defense was arguing on a mo­ credited when defense attorney Larry tion for a directed acquittal after the Turner showed that not only P,id they prosecution rested its case early this act as provocateurs, but that neither week. In more than two-and-a-half of them had ever seen a dangerous hours of argument, the defense showed weapon in the possession of any of that the government had failed to the defendants. prove any of its charges. During cross-examination by the de­ Seven members of the Vietnam fense, Lemmer's and Becker's mem­ Veterans Against the War (VV A W) ories got progressively worse, until and one supporter have been charged in answer to almost every question with conspiring to disrupt the 1972 they would say, "I don't recall." Republican national convention with automatic weapons, crossbows, and Sensa6onal charges slingshots. Another key witness for the gov­ Gainesville Eight defendants walking to courthouse The government brought forth 27 ernment was Sergeant Harrison witnesses, including seven undercover Crenshaw of the Dade County Public shaw's testimony was shown to be voke, encourage, and participate in provocateurs and informers. Most of Safety Department, another informer. totally manufactured. "Did you ever a riot" at the Republican convention. the wtinesses gave only brief testimony Crenshaw upped the ante on sensa­ see any of the defendants have in Carrouth claims that the eight relating to the purchase of 60 sling- tional charges by saying that the their possession a bazooka?" asked young men intended to "radicalize" defense lawyer Larry Turner. The an­ peaceful demonstrations by starting a swer was no. "An automatic weapon?" police riot. Jurors protest bugging No again. "A grenade or an M-79?" After more than four hours of ar­ The jury hearing the case of the numbers have been acting strange­ No. "Did you ever see any of the guments from both sides, Judge Arnow Gainesville Eight is quite different ly." The jury asked the court to defendants have in their possession dismissed the defense motion for ac­ from most juries selected in Gaines­ check to see if their phones were a B-52 or a nuclear submarine?" ask­ quittal in less than 60 seconds. ville, Fla. bugged. ed Turner. No again. Doris Peterson, a young defense at­ There are seven women on the Another juror complained that a The government also brought for­ torney, then told the jury the next jury and five men. Three of the magazine brought to her by her ward a chemistry specialist for the day, 'We have a pleasant surprise jurors are Black, two men and a husband had been totally mutilated FBI, Cecil Yates. Yates testified that for you. After carefully reviewing the woman. There is one female student by the censorship process. The a device, supposedly demo.nstrated by evidence ... the defense had decided and one Vietnam veteran. The marshal had cut our every article Camil at the May meeting, was ex­ to call only one witness and then rest median age of the jury is 31. that mentioned Watergate, even plosive. The "weapon" consisted of a its case." The jury was visibly sur­ though the articles did not mention plastic vial containing gauze-wrapped prised. So were the spectators, who Earlier in the trial, five members the Gainesville Eight case. The mar­ potassium permanganate and glycer­ are mainly young radical supporters of the jury sent a letter to Judge shal had also verbally abused and ine. An informer had testified that of the VVAW. Arnow saying, "Perhaps the jury insulted her husband. The woman Camil had suggested that this device The defense called Dr. Steven Stell­ has become paranoid, but three­ demanded that the marshal be re­ should be dropped into the gas tanks man, a Ph.D. in physical chemistry fourths of our home telephone assigned.- L. J. of police cars. who teaches at the University of Colo­ Under cross-examination, Yates was rado in Denver. Dr. Stellman is an forced to admit that dropping a lighted expert in explosives. shots. Several other witnesses testified "assault" on the Republican convention match in a gas tank was much more that Stanley Michelson, the VV AW was to include blowing-up bridges and likely to cause an explosion than supporter, failed to report the alleged using anti-tank cannons'and machine dropping one of the plastic vials in. No 'bomb' at all conspiracy to any federal agency. guns obtained from right-wing Cuban In spite of the obvious· fabrication After explaining, in layman's terms, Michelson is charged with being an groups. of the "evidence" and blatant violations the scientific definitions of "explosive," accessory after the fact and concealing Crenshaw also claimed that the of court procedures, chief prosecuting "bomb," and "incendiary," Stellman knowledge of plans to commit a crime. VV A W had kidnapped someone and attorney Jack Carrouth argued that showed the court results of his ex­ Two of the key government witnesses held him in a cabin in Arkansas. the defendants "intended to, and con­ periments with exactly the same kind were William Lemmer and Charles Under cross-examination, Cren- spired to, and they decided to pro- Continued on page 22 Judge 'Bo' Arnow gags defense, bars sketches GAINESVILLE, Fla.- The Honor­ Herald as a man who "grew up with his courtroom or even from memory. The defense, on the other hand, has able Winston Arnow, judge in the a grits-and-butter drawl and a pas­ A friend of Judge Arnow's told the not been allowed to delve into the frame-up trial of the Gainesville 8, sionate respect for hard work, the ma­ Miami Herald that Whelan was barred relationship between the government is called "Bo" by his friends. It's short jority of his country and the elemen­ from sketching because "she was mak- witnesses and the FBI, even though for "Good Ole Boy." He owns two tal fairness of the law." ing him look like Judge Hoffman." much of the governm~nt's case is bird dogs and a hunting jeep, and But when two FBI agents with a (Julius Hoffman was the judge in the based on testimony from paid inform- teaches Sunday school at the local suitcase full of electronics gear were Chicago Seven conspiracy trial.) ers. Baptist church. found in a broom closet next to the Arnow has been totally one sided Nor has Arnow allowed the defense Arnow longs for the return of the courthouse offices of the defense, Ar­ in his rulings in this case. He has to probe into star informer William times when "a man can stand up with now accused the defendants of "mak­ allowed chief prosecutor Jack Car- Lemmer's past history of drugs and tears in his eyes in proud support ing a mountain out of a molehill" routh to go way beyond the charges mental instability. of his country." when they protested. He justified his in the indictment in his direct exam- Arnow's favorite saying in the court­ stand by saying, "Somebody's got to ination of witnesses. The defendants room in response to the defendants He was the architect of the racist believe in something." are charged with conspiring to pro- is, "You and your fellow defendants "freedom-of-choice" plan developed to One thing "Bo" Arnow does believe voke a riot in Miami Beach, but Ar- are on trial here. The government is impede school integration in the South in is keeping the opposition silent. now has allowed Carrouth to elicit not on trial." in the mid-1960s. Judge Harold Cars­ He has imposed a gag rule on the phony testimony about "fire teams," But just the opposite is the case. well, the man Nixon tried unsuccess­ defendants, their lawyers, and anyone "political assassination squads," ''kid- The attempted frame-up of the fully to elevate to the Supreme Court, working in "concert" with the defen­ nappings," and many other sensation- VVAW is just one more attempt by called the plan "the best I've ever seen." dants. He even barred CBS artist Ag­ al charges, none of which have been the Nixon administration to stifle dis- \.. Arnow was described in the Miami gie Whelan from drawing sketches in substantiated. sent in this country.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 5 WATERGATE: More dirty tricks

Used to smear Black movement 'Plot' to kill Nixon just a publicity stunt? By DERRICK MORRISON serious and that its threat has not report to the New Orleans police by Black activists to whip up racist sym­ The mysterious assassination plot an­ been 'blown out of proportion,' as an "informant." The report was sub­ pathy to counter the Watergate dis­ nounces! just before President Nixon's some New Orleans police officers re­ mitted to the police two weeks before closures. visit to New Orleans Aug. 20 has portedly complained today." Nixon's visit, and yet there have been In any case, Gaudet is still in jail apparently evaporated into thin air. The agents maintained that Gaudet's no arrests because police "cannot piece and the Black liberation movement But the "discovery" of the alleged plot reported threat on the life of the Pres­ together enough evidence to prose­ has once again been used by the cops did lead to the frame-up of Edwin ident and the "conspiracy" were dis­ cute," reports the Aug. 25 Christian as a scapegoat. Michael Gaudet on a charge that the tinct and separate. Science Monitor. government could not later prove, and Four days after Nixon's visit to The Aug. 24 New York Times re­ to a calculated smear · attack on the New Orleans the federal government ported, "Federal sources said it was Black liberation movement. dropped the threat charge against possible the information would not It is a sign of the magnitude of Gaudet, claiming that the woman who be substantiated. They added that they the government's credibility gap that had "definitely identified" Gaudet expected the investigation into a re­ the day after the Secret Service an­ "could not confirm her previous pos­ ported assassination conspiracy to be nounced' the plot the New Y ark Post itive identification." The federal au­ resolved by the weekend, either with reported, "In Washington, the official thorities have refused to divulge the arrests or with an announcement that report of a possible conspiracy to kill identity of this woman. sufficient evidence could nqt be gath­ Nixon created little excitement. A few Gaudet was actually in New Mex­ ered." reporters even regarded it cynically ico at the time the witness said he This bizarre incident has now been as an effort to create sympathy for made the threat in a New Orleans dropped by the capitalist press. It is the President, beleaguered by the W a­ bar. He is now in jail on $25,000 clear that the "plot" was a total fab­ tergate scandal." bond for shooting at a police officer rication. However, we may never However, John Crewdson, writing who was trying to arrest him for the know whether the whole affair was in the Aug. 22 New York Times, said alleged threat. merely the work of some overeager that agents of the Secret Service and The "conspiracy" was attributed first secret police agents, or whether Nixon FBI "insisted that the alleged conspir­ to two and later to six unidentified was actually toying with the idea of GAUDET: Framed up to create sympathy acy was both broad and intensely "Black militants" on the basis of a a sensational frame-up case against for Nixon? Burglarized radicals, embassies Black bag jobs: FBI specialty since '30s By ANDY ROSE our democratic rights." went back at least to the 1930s. an aberation peculiar to Nixon. It A number of former FBI agents and Janice Lynn, national field secretary According to the Aug. 24 New York has been standard procedure for both officials admitted to news reporters of the Political Rights Defense Fund, Post, targets for the "black bag" jobs­ Democrats and Republicans to violate last week that the FBI has been carry­ which is handling the SWP and YSA so-called because the G-men carry their own laws and then conceal their ing out illegal burglaries for more suit, said the revelations provided bags of burglar's tools- included actions from the American people. than 30 years. This evidence confirms "additional evidence for the charges foreign embassies and "certain civil The news is far from welcome to assertions by the Socialist Workers made in this suit." She said the ex­ rights organizations and militant left­ those elements of the ruling class who Party and Young Socialist Alliance agents might be called to testify. ist groups.... " Break-ins were re­ would like to blame it all on Nixon. that such illegal spying and harass­ Nixon himself initiated the revela­ portedly used to get information and The New York Times, in an Aug. ment has been directed against them. tions at his Aug. 22 news conference. to plant microphones. 25 editorial on Nixon's admissions, In a statement released Aug. 24, He complained that although bur­ The Post quoted William Turner, wailed, "It is hard to imagine any the day the admissions were made glaries were "authorized on a very an agent from 1951 to 1961, as say­ Presidential statement more calculated public, Norman Oliver, SWP candi­ large scale" under the Kennedy and ing "burglary was a common investi­ to undermine public confidence in the date for mayor of New York and a Johnson administrations, nobody gative technique.... I went on a integrity of government. ..." plaintiff in the SWP's and YSA's suit talked about impeaching them. Pre­ number of these kind of operations." The Times lamented, "The saddest against the government, said: "This sumably this let Nixon off the hook Turner also named some ace burglars side-effect of Watergate across Ameri­ is not news to me or my party. My for the 1971 break-in at Daniel Ells­ currently employed by Uncle Sam. can society is the degree to which re­ personal files as well as those of other berg's psychiatrist's office. He said FBI agent George Burley is spect for the processes of government Socialist Workers Party members have Former Democratic attorneys gener­ the "No. 1 burglar" in the country, and has been tarnished. Many Americans been rifled through and stolen. We al Nicholas Katzenbach and Ramsey agent Chris Scaturo has received of younger and older generations have already filed suit in court against Clark both piously denied ever several "meritorious awards" for his alike have grown cynical about the President Nixon, the director of the authorizing burglaries. But ex-FBI outstanding "black bag" work. way politicians- any politicians, of FBI, and other government officials agents told reporters that not only was The burglary disclosures prove either party-are presumed to operate for these and other infringements of Nixon right, but in fact the burglaries again that Watergate tactics are not once they ascend to power." Textile workers sue. company for bugging By DICK ROBERTS of President Nixon's Watergate thugs Ind., July 31, officials of American New York July 18 by the well-known J.P. Stevens & Company, the notori­ is a natural for the J.P. Stevens firm. Motors admitted bugging a union constitutional lawyer Leonard Boudin. ously antiunion Southern textile manu­ According to the Aug. 16 New York room in the South Bend plant. Two Janice Lynn, spokeswoman for the facturer, has been sued $71-million Times, "The complaint charged that executives were supposed to have been Political Rights Defense Fund (PRDF), for electronic bugging of a union or­ a tap had been placed on the telephone removed from office because of the which is building support and rais­ ganizer's motel room. The suit was in Room 24 of the Wallace Motel, incident. James Beck, recording sec­ ing money for the suit against Nixon, filed by the Textile Workers Union permitting a pickup of all conversa­ retary and unit chairman in charge welcomed the moves of the TWUA of America (TWUA), the Industrial tions, between Oct. 31, 1972, when of negotiations for Amalgamated Lo­ against J.P. Stevens. Union Department of the AFL-CIO, a union organizer checked in, and cal 5 of the United Auto Workers, and 19 individuals. Jan. 19, 1973, when a Southern Bell declared, "The men feel, justly or not, "It is crucial to fight against such The suit charges that J.P. Stevens Telephone employe discovered the that they lost out on grievances during repressive measures wherever they oc­ officials illegally bugged the motel listening device. The telephone com­ the past few years because, they be­ cur," she said. room that served as an office and pany turned the electronic equipment lieve, private union strategy talks were She noted that the legal and con­ meeting room for efforts to unionize over to the Federal Bureau of In­ overheard. stitutional issues raised in the TWUA the company's Delta plants in Wal­ vestigation, the union said." suit are almost identical to the points lace, S.C. A bitter, so far unsuccess­ The textile workers' suit against J. ratsed in the PRDF case. "The only ful campaign to unionize the giant Employees of the motel also report­ P, Stevens parallels the suit against difference is that we are suing the textile firm has been waged for the ed seeing electronic equipment in President Nixon and other government government, and they are suing a last nine years. Room 22 of the Wallace Motel ad­ officials for wiretapping, tampering corporation." J.P. Stevens officials have resorted jacent to the union organizer's room. with the mail, job discrimination, and "The suit against J.P. Stevens high­ to every kind of violence, fraud, and The suit against J.P. Stevens follows other methods of harassment against lights the fact that Watergate-style mea­ scabbery known to the boss class in an earlier report of electronic bugging members of the Socialist Workers Par­ sures are a challenge to the democratic their effort to crush the union drive. of a union room by the American ty and Young Socialist Alliance. rights of the union movement," Lynn Electronic surveillance in the tradition Motors corporation. In South Bend, This $27 -million suit was filed in said.

6 WATERGATE: Week in review Nixon refuses order to release tapes By PETER SEIDMAN on all sides, a number of new Water­ Watergate scandal lies the complex Agnew associate put the real feelings President Nixon hoped his dramatic gate crimes are coming to light, thereby infighting of different individuals and of the Agnew camp more bluntly: "It Aug. 22 news conference would con­ continuing to undermine popular con­ interest groups in the government bu­ doesn't really matter what a man with vince the U. S. people that they "must fidence in the government. reaucracy seeking to discredit political 38 percent support in the Gallup Poll move on from Watergate." New York These new disclosures make it clear foes or to point the finger of suspi­ says about you anyway .... A White Republican Congressman Howard that the central issue in the Watergate cion away from themselves by spilling House endorsement could be the kiss Robison's observation, however, that scandal is not Nixon's individual guilt the beans on others. of death at this point." the president is "not just a lame duck, or innocence, but thewidespreadillegal There is some evidence that Nixon he is a wounded duck," more accurate­ bugging, burglary, bribery, and other himself, in a desire to shift the scandal No personal gain ly reflects Nixon's position one week "dirty tricks" the capitalist minority onto his running mate, may be behind At his Aug. 22 news conference, Nix­ later. Despite its "counteroffensive" on uses as a matter of course to main­ the Agnew leaks. One Agnew adviser on tried to mitigate the Watergate scan­ Watergate, the administration is still tain its rule. was quoted as saying about the White dal when he said, "Thank God, there's deeply mired in the crisis. This has been highlighted by the House: "My feeling is they want him been no personal gain involved. That Dissatisfaction with Nixon's attempt growing likelihood that Vice-president indicted.... Then they want him im­ would be going much too far, I sup­ to "move on" from the ~atergate issue Agnew will be indicted. Agnew is under peached because you can only have pose." In view of the fact that Agnew revolves around his refusal to release investigation by the U.S. Attorney's one impeachment proceeding in the faces possible indictment for his in­ office in connection with an alleged House of Representatives at a time- volve~ent in kickback schemes total­ political payola scheme involving road ing millions of dollars, this particu­ building contracts while he was gov­ lar piece of presidential morality ap­ ernor of Maryland. pears to be premature. Nixon's assertion that there has been no personal gain in the Watergate Mr. Law 'n Order? scandal also contradicts the mount­ A flood of leaks to the press has ing evidence that he himself is living made it clear that Agnew's days as well beyond the means afforded even the "Mr. Law 'n Order" of the Nixon by his generous $200,000 a year administration are now over. presidential salary. On Aug. 23, Agnew's immediate suc­ The August 27 Christian Science cessor as county executive of Balti­ Monitor reveals that Nixon's palatial more County was indicted on 39 estates in San Clemente and Key Bis­ counts of bribery, extortion, and con­ cayne have been equipped largely at spiracy. At least three other top county taxpayer's expense: "Last May the Gen­ officials have also been indicted, eral Services Administration published including many close associates of a preliminary figure of federal costs Agnew. at San Clemente amounting to under The extent of corruption in the state $100,000, then changed this a month where Agnew began his climb to the later to $1,884,000. But that was just vice-presidency is indicated by this dis­ the start. In August came three new patch in the Washington Post:"BALTI­ simultaneous estimates from separate MORE, Aug. 23 -Maryland's top official sources that caused eye-rubbing transportation official today lifted his in the capital: total cost for equip­ moratorium on giving business to en­ ping, protecting, and servicing Mr. gineering firms under federal investiga­ Nixon's retreats approached $10 mil­ tion because he said there are so many lion.... " firms now being investigated a mora­ A House subcommittee under Rep. · torium could stop road work in the Jack Brooks (D-Texas) is now in­ state completely." vestigating the cost. For a capitalist politician like Ag­ Despite Nixon's continued low rating new, the only bad thing about this in the polls, the spreading gangrene secret White House tape recordings of widespread payola is getting caught of the Agnew scandal, and Nixon's presidential conversations that might with your hand in the cookie jar. and any other candidates for impeach­ "Love Story" behavior in office ("Being prove or disprove his innocence. While The truth is, extortion of firms doing ment would have ·to wait in line." president means never having to say federal judge John Sirica ruled Aug. business with both the states and the At his Aug. 22 news conference Nix­ you're sorry"), some White House 29 that Nixon must turn over the federal government is quite common. on said, "My confidence in [Agnew's] watchers, according to the Aug. 28 tapes to him, this decision will likely A study that appeared in the Aug. integrity has not been shaken. . . . Christian Science Monitor, think Nix­ be appealed all the way to the Supreme 26 New York Times, for example, In fact it has been strengthened by his on may be making a comeback. Court. Nixon declared he ''will not found that of six state governments courageous conduct and his ability." The Monitor reports, however, that comply" with Sirica's order. surveyed, only two- Texas and Cali- But other reports indicatethattheWhite others are not so optimistic: "they re­ Nixon's refusal to release the tapes ' fornia- "seemed free of taint." In House has a more realistic approach flect that in a few months time sev­ casts a shadow over his claims to be Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, and to Agnew's troubles. eral top members of the former Nix­ innocent. As the New York Times edi­ New Jersey, payola is so common that The Aug. 26 New York Times re­ on team may be before the courts torialized following Nixon's Aug. 22 consultants are "expected to pay a ports that the possible indictment of in highly publicized troubles; that a news conference, "The aplomb with major share of campaign costs." Agnew could put Nixon in a "diffi­ more militant Congress, which has which Mr. Nixon acquitted himself be­ Agnew and- perhaps- Nixon are cult position, with a choice, as some already ended the Cambodian bomb­ fore the cameras could not, however, furious about the flood of leaks re­ of his advisors see it, between allow­ ing war over presidential reluctance, obscure the fact that he added nothing garding the charges against the vice­ ing the Agnew case to embarrass the will be passing new legislation on of substance toward illuminating the president. Nixon has ordered that any­ Administration through much of its the domestic front which may bring issues

WHEN I STAta SCHOOL HOW (.JILL. I KNOW ·iHAT p NEXT WEEK, WILL r 6er THE ( M"' NEW DESK HA~N'f E SAME VE5K I HAD L.A5T '(EAR? ~EEN BU66EO? A ~- N ::> u T ~f~~Y;J, s

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 7 Farm WOrkers· vigil for Juan de Ia cruz By FROBEN LOZADA · expect the struggle to last very long?" to be a better way of life. You know, I used to ARVIN, Calif.- The air is refreshingly cool in "Twenty or 30 years," he replies. "We've been work irrigating the fields when pumps were used. the park. It's almost midnight- halfway through struggling against this system for a long time. I took care of 30 rows then. Then they dug the the all-night outdoor vigil the farm workers are If I don't fight now, the movement will die and canals, paid for by the people's taxes, and they holding by the coffin of Juan de la Cruz, the then my sons would have to start again, from told us it would mean more work for everbody. compaftero who was shot down on the picket line the beginning. It did. I had to work 60 rows for the same pay! Aug. 16. "We want to leave the movement more advanced "I started irrigating in 1960-61. I worked 11 Two men hold vigil by the coffin. They are when they take over," he continues. "We want to hours a day, five days a week for $1.10 an hour. solemn, older men. They were probably good leave them a base. If we don't start it, if we wait In spite of that low pay, the grower now has friends of the dead man. One stands by the head for our sons to start it, then when are we going his fields irrigated for less money. to end it? We're planting the tree, and the young "You know, even today we find some poor people A veteran movement activist in Texas and ones who follow will continue to water it." who say, 'He's giving us work.' But it's the other California, Froben Lozada is director of the I ask what he means when he speaks of "the way around. The grower doesn't give us work. Chicano Studies Department at Merritt Col­ system." We're giving him our work, our labor. lege in Oakland. "We're living in a capitalist system," he responded, "When the capitalist system falls," Jesus declared "and it's not convenient for the capitalists to let "va a dar el porrazo (it will be a loud thud). Its the poor progress. But we can't change it in four fall is going to be louder than Rome's." of the coffin, the other at the foot. Each holds or five years. It will take longer." a black flag in his hands. After a while, two others "Do you think the system will fall?" "Santa Maria, madre de Dios . . . " A rosary relieve them. It's done without any words being "Napoleon's fell. Many empires have fallen. So at 3:40 a.m. It's still dark out. exchanged. will this one." At intervals, people pass by the coffin to pay "More people are becoming convinced it should 4:30 a.m.: The light is only beginning to clear their respects .. This continues throughout the night. fall," I comment. as a campesino walks by with a flag of mourning. Around are the voices of strikers in quiet con­ "Well, look at the communes in China," Jesus I begin talking to Ruben Sanchez, 23, who's been· versation. I join in some of the discussion. says. "That's a beautiful way of life. That has here only one year. I ask what he thinks of the Silvestre Galvan, a 33-year-old striker, describes union strategy of nonviolence. a new shooting incident. "It's all right," he replies, "because otherwise we "This morning they shot at another striker, but would be killing other Chicanos. Every time a he_ ducked in his car and swerved like he was hit. Chicano dies, it's a triumph for the gringo. He'll He thinks they were Teamsters. Two of them, just laugh at us for killing each other." in a new car. Refugio Galvan joins in. "The gringo is laughing "But, you know, the scabs carry guns too. And at us because a lot of the scabs are Chicanos. the cops don't arrest them. They say they can He sees some of us are striking, but he also sees carry them because it's private land. If we were Chicanos as scabs. Those have to be considered to carry a weapon they'd bust us right away." different Chicanos. There are also a lot of Filipinos I tell Silvestre, "School is about to start soon scabbing, a lot of them." and we should be able to get many more students ''What about the Arab workers?" to help in picketing Safeway." "They are more united and with us. Most of the "Well, that's good," he replies. "It's in the boycott Arabs I've seen are young. That's why I feel where we can be more effective. We need the stu­ the growers brought them here- to exploit them." dents' help in the cities to tell the people about I ask what percentage of the farm workers are our struggle." women. Jesus R~vera, a striker from Lamont, joins the About 50-50, Ruben and Refugio agree. conversation. He clearly appreciates political dis­ "And when one scabs among married couples, cussion. so does the other," Ruben continues. "Married cou­ "Are you from the New York Times?" he asks. ples are either both scabs or both with us. They "No. A smaller, weekly paper, The Militant." don't go different ways. The women who are with "Well, they say the size of a man or a newspaper us will never change, they'll stay with us. Many is not what matters. It's the ideas that count. We, times they have won over their husbands to our the campesinos, are within our rights. What we side." need is justice. I've been with the UFW since 1965." "I really don't need the movement," he continues. 5:25 a.m.: Cars begin to arrive for the mass "I do it for my son and my grandson. I expect Martyred farm worker Juan delaCruzwasone of many to be held here in the park. I remember the sign -them to get just as involved." UFW pickets, like this one, who daily face police that greeted me as I drove into town: "Welcome I ask, "Your sons and your grandsons? Do you harassment and Teamster goon violence. to Arvin-Garden in the Sun."

Boycott organizer explains .what not to buy By RACHEL TOWNE to this type of public pressure. UFW lettuce." NEW YORK Eloisa Amador is a young Chi­ "In the main outlets, the grocery stores, ·insist Union lettuce is marketed under the name "Inter­ cana who has been active in the United Farm on UFW grapes and lettuce. If you do not see harvest," which appears on all boxes carrying Workers Union for several years. She comes from the UFW label, ask the manager if it is UFW UFW lettuce. Sometimes additional labels will ap­ a family of farm workers 'in Napa Valley, in produce, and ask to see the box it was shipped pear, such as Blue Chip, Eagle, Favor, or Pebble Northern California, and was formerly head of in. All UFW produce is shipped in boxes with Beach. These are all Interharvest labels, but the the UFW office in Napa Valley. the UFW emblem on them. All agreements worked word "lnterharvest" and the union emblem appear Amador now lives in New York and is helping out with the chain stores stipulate that union sup- on all boxes. to organize the boycott here. Earlier this summer Only two grape growers have renewed their con­ she spoke to more than 200 people at a Militant tracts with the UFW: Lionel Steinberg and K. K. Forum about the strike. Larson, both in Coachella Valley. All these grapes In a recent interview, I asked her what people have already been marketed, as Coachella is the in New York should know about the boycott. first area harvested, and there are no union grapes "The UFW's main efforts in New York," she an­ on the market now. So far none of the growers swered, "are aimed at getting all grocery stores in the other areas have signed contracts with the and produce outlets such as fruit stands and United Farm Workers. schools to carry UFW grapes and lettuce and The UFW has also called for a nationwide boy­ to boycott scab grapes, lettuce, and D'Arrigo prod­ cott of D'Arrigo products. "The D'Arrigo Brothers," ucts. These are products from fields that are either Amador explained, "are large growers of vege­ under Teamster contracts or not under any con­ tables around the Salinas area. Their produce tracts. includes broccoli, garlic, onions, celery, and let­ "All union products have the union label-the tuce. Most of it is sold under the label 'Andy Boy,' black Aztec eagle on a flag. We are asking the a well-known and widely distributed label. Their public to buy and eat only UFW grapes and contract with the UFW expired in February and lettuce and also to boycott A&P stores. A&P is they have since signed with the Teamsters." the largest chain in New York, with 700 stores An effeftive boycott can make a real difference and 14 percent of the grape outlet. porters can check on the source of produce in in the farm workers' struggle to defend their union. "The only lettuce involved in the strike is ice­ the store. Without this type of check the agree­ The boycott's effectiveness depends on the under­ berg head lettuce. There is no dispute over other ments would have no teeth in them. standing and support of the public. types, such as romaine, Boston or escarole. These "If you have any doubts about the product, Amador said that help is needed to picket gro­ are all right to buy." don't buy it, and tell the manager why. It is very cery stores and Hunts Point, to leaflet, and to , I . asked her about eating lettuce served in res­ important that the consumer let the store know check stores for scab produce. The. UFW also taurants. She said, "Don't eat any lettuce unless that you want to support the farm workers in needs financial support. If you can help, contact you are sure it is not scab lettuce. Tell the man­ their struggle for better pay and working con­ the United Farm Workers in New York City at ager that you object to having your food served ditions, and that you object to not having their 331 W. 84th St., near West End Avenue. Tele­ with scab products. Restaurants are susceptible produce available. Demand that the store carry phone: (212) 799-5800.

8 UFW spreadS boyCott, sends Mine soo organizers to 63 cities workers By HARRY RING ing of two strikers. tracts and withdrawal of the Team­ LOS ANGELES- Five hundred strik­ One striker, Juan de la Cruz, was sters from the fields would be mean­ ing grape workers will be fanning shot down by a sniper Aug. 16 while ingful. 'behind out to 63 principal cities to accelerate on a picket line. A suspect has been However the next day, Aug. 23, the United Farm Workers-promoted detained in the case. Chavez told reporters there was_ "new boycott of scab grapes. The other martyr to the farm work­ evidence and new assurances" that the UFW Reverend John Bank, the union's ers' organizing struggle, Nagi Daiful­ Teamster move was genuine. He said director of information, reported from lah, died Aug. 15 of a compound skull this opened the door to resumption Delano Aug. 27 that the 500 workers fracture after being clubbed by a dep­ of the negotiations. 100o/o· uty sheriff. But he also reiterated that the strug­ had spent the weekend in workshops LA PAZ, Calif.- Arnold Miller, who at the union center in La Paz before In its fight against the reactionary gle with the Teamsters and growers alliance of growers and the Teamsters was far from over. "The Delano grow­ was elected president of the United leaving for the various cities. Mine Workers last year in a campaign· The striking workers will be pro­ union officials, the UFW clearly faces ers have not agreed to open nego­ to democratize and revitalize that vided housing and food by the union continuing Teamster duplicity. tiations," Chavez noted. "All it [the union, addressed members of the and by supporters in each city and In open, unabashed collusion with repudiation] does is take the Team- the powerful agribusiness organiza­ United Farm Workers here Aug. 26. tion- the Farm Bureau- the Team­ Introduced by Cesar Chavez, Miller ster bureaucrats have signed fake con­ pledged to the applauding, cheering tracts with lettuce growers, the Gallo strikers that they could count on sup­ and Franzia wineries, and with grape port from the United Mine Workers. growers in the Coachella, Arvin-La­ Miller declared: mont, and Delano areas. "It is indeed a privilege to come These "sweetheart" agreements have here and express our support for the the sole function of thwarting farm farm workers. Your struggle is very workers in their efforts to gain le­ much similar to the struggles of mine gitimate contracts through the union workers in the past. of their choice, the UFW. · "We've just come through a period After private meetings between AFL­ of revitalizing the United Mine Work­ CIO President George Meany and ers. And we're rapidly getting in a Teamster head Frank Fitzsimmons, position where we can help our negotiations began in early August brothers and sisters in the labor move­ between the UFW and the Western ment in an effort to get labor together Conference of Teamsters. The UFW wherever. negotiators, led by Cesar Chavez, "I am aware of the problems you walked out when it was learned that, have here, and I'll be going back ... while the negotiating sessions were go­ to see if we can't do more than we ing on, the Teamsters had signed se­ have in the past. We will never be cret contracts with 25 of the 29 grape satisfied with our efforts to help the growers in the Delano area, where farm workers in your tremendous the UFW strike is now focused. struggle. Fitzsimmons asserted that the con­ "I said to your president earlier tracts had been negotiated without au­ today that the farm workers' struggle thorization and 'that he repudiated in forming a labor organization was, them. in my opinion, more difficult than the On Aug. 21, the day Juan de la task that we had in the last four years Cruz was buried, it was widely re­ in revitalizing the United Mine Work­ ported in the press that Fitzsimmons ers union. We already had a union. had sent letters to the Delano growers We had to reorganize. It's very dif­ declaring that the contracts had been Militant/Peggy Bunn ficult, under the economic stress that Militant/Michael Work unauthorized, and "we therefore dis­ ... and a grape picker runs from field you people have worked under, to Picketing farm workers in lamont, Calif. claim and repudiate such purported to join the UFW picket line. get together. appeal to workers to join the strike .•. agreements.... " ''While the membership of the United He added that the Teamsters ''have Mine Workers was aware of your no interest in organizing your employ­ sters out of the picture and leave it problems individually, it's only now that we're beginning to create aware­ will receive minimal subsistence bene­ ees in the vineyards in and around between the growers and us." fits for other needs. Delano." The UFW leader added: "We can't ness collectively. And I want to place my support here today for the farm The strikers will seek to persuade Cesar Chavez intitially responded change our view of the Teamsters un­ wholesale distributors to stop han­ to this seeming "peace" move by less they get out of agriculture." workers. And I speak with some au­ dling scab produce. They will also branding it a fraud. He charged that The need for such an approach to thority. For every member of our union is behind you 100 percent, and participate in the picketing of the A& P it was designed to divert attention the Teamsters was reconfirmed that we're going to see if we can't do every­ and Safeway chains and other major from the killing of the two strikers. very day. While the UFW was being thing we can to help." markets selling scab grapes. He said that in view of the treacher­ offered "new assurances." a Teamster Meanwhile, the union is continuing ous record of the Teamsters, nothing official announced that the union to press for federal action in the slay- less than legal dissolution of the con- would undertake an organizing effort in San Diego county, focusing pri­ marily on 5,000 tomato workers there. students set nat'l Gallo boycott The UFW has members in the area By DAVE BROWN to participate in an advisory board and for several years has sought to MODESTO, Calif. -At a rally of to the student boycott. win contracts for them. 300 strikers from the fields of "Gallo depends on young people Meanwhile, in response to rumors Ernest and Julio Gallo, student to buy their wines. We intend to that Meany and Fitzsimmons might leaders recently announced a na- show them that we are not going seek an agreement dividing up var­ tional student boycott of Gallo to drink their wines until they cease ious agricultural areas between the wines. their attempts at smashing the farm Teamsters and the UFW, a statement Michael Aguirre, student govern- workers union," Aguirre declared. was made by Albert Zack, a spokes­ ment co-president at the University man for the AFL-CIO. of California, Berkeley, announced The rally, which was held Aug. "Our position is one of complete sup­ the full solidarity of students with 11, was organized by the Modesto port for the Farm Workers," Zack the strike. Friends of the Farm Workers. Mark said. "The UFW ought to be the union Zwick and Dan Pollock, march or­ Among those who have already that organizes the workers in the field ganizers, stated that it was called joined .a national board to coordi­ -and no one else." Zack said George nate the boycott are the presidents to protest Gallo's refusal to grant Meany· had made this point "clear" free elections, their signing of a of the student bodies of the Uni­ to Fitzsimmons. versities of Wisconsin, Michigan, "sweetheart" contract ""ith Teamster While stepping up the boycott cam­ MillER: United Mine Workers president Texas, and California at Los union bureaucrats, and their current paign, the UFW is also moving ahead backs farm workers' struggle. Angeles, Irvine, and Riverside. The attempts at evicting striking work­ with preparations for a constitutional ers from company housing. presidents of Notre Dame and Stan­ convention of the union to be held ford, and the editorial board of the The first to walk out of the vine- at the Convention Center in Fresno, Harvard Crimson have also be­ yards at Gallo's ranches were 80 Calif., the weekend of Sept. 21-23. come members of the national year-round workers who live in In addition to electing a national ex­ company-owned housing. Gallo has board. ecutive board, the convention will fo­ gone to court in an attempt to short­ Congressman Ron Dellums (D­ cus on the grape strike and building cut the usual 60 to 80 days it takes Calif.) and California Assembly­ of the boycott. Union supporters are to evict tenants. man Richard Alatorre have agreed invited to attend as observers.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 9 In Our Opinion Let ten

Henry Kissinger & Can't be independent Haitian exiles and Democrat too In recent weeks The Militant has The Militant of Aug. 3 carried been publicizing the plight of a secret diplomacy an article entitled "Why Democrats group of Haitian exiles. I had Can't Solve Problems Facing understood from your newspaper that Henry Kissinger, Nixon's nominee for secretary of state, has Cleveland's Black Community." At these exiles were victims of political declared that there will be a new openness and less secrecy that time, the candidates running persecution by the "Baby Doc" about the aims and methods of U.S. foreign policy. In his included Alfred Waller, the Black Duvalier regime. So I wrote a letter recent news conference, he promised that he would live up to candidate of the 21st Congressional to the U. S. attorney general re­ his "obligation to explain our philosophies, purposes and District Caucus. questing that this group of exiles policies to the public." Militant readers might be interested be given asylum in this country. Kissinger is, once again, lying. to know that Waller withdrew from The attorney general wrote back No one has been more responsible than Kissinger himself the campaign shortly after that to me and said that the exiles article appeared. The announcement for formulating the lies and cover-ups that flow in an endless were denied asylum because accord­ surprised no one. His main backer ing to their own statements, which stream from the imperialist war machine in Washington. The was Congressman Louis Stokes, I understand they signed, not one secret bombing campaigns in Indochina, CIA undercover who is chairman of the 21st CDC of them claimed to have been "dirty tricks" directed at protecting U.S. property and profit and of the Congressional Black victims of political persecution, and in Chile, and, undoubtedly, other operations we have yet to Caucus. Stokes saw the Waller none had ever engaged in any learn about-these are the stock-in-trade of Kissinger. campaign as a maneuver to gain political activities. He is the one who engineered the deals with the bureaucrats concessions from the regulS:r Demo­ Reasons given for the asylum in Moscow and Peking, behind closed doors, to impose a cratic Party and, at the same time, request were economic (inability "settlement" on the Vietnamese. The detente between the United to score some points on his to obtain employment in Haiti). On political opponents within the States and the Soviet Union and China is founded on secret June 8, 1973, they were ordered Black community. excluded. The case is now on pledges and agreements. In essence, Stokes saw the appeal. Kissinger's own involvement in Watergate-style tactics further Waller candidacy as a symbolic I have a been a subscriber to exposes the fraud of his promises of "openness." He helped act, and never as a serious The Militant for two months now, prepare the list of ·his subordinates and some newsmen who challenge to the racist Democratic and it has helped to open my mind were subjected to illegal wiretaps in an attempt to "plug leaks" Party and its capitalist backers. to the rotten capitalist system. and enforce government secrecy. Stokes's maneuver has brought Perhaps the Immigration Service has It would be the height of absurdity to expect anything but him full circle from an apparently misrepresented the case. I would more of the same from the Nixon administration in general independent position back to full greatly like to have a reply on support of the Democratic Party. and Kissinger in particular. The rulers in Washington must this from you. He has now said that he would Samuel Casimir Jr. function on the basis of keeping their real aims and methods support "whomever the Democratic Chicago, Ill. hidden from public view. They operate in the interests of the party endorses." tiny minority of the super-rich who benefit from U.S. mili­ The phony Waller campaign tarism and aggression. simply emphasizes that you can't be independent and in the Democratic Washington has announced that Kissinger will soon be In reply- The case of Gerard Party at the same time. The whole meeting in San Clemente with various U.S. ambassadors. Latortue, one of the Haitians idea of "independent" action within This list was released: Lewis Brown, ambassador to Jordan; seeking political asylum here, will the Democratic Party is a fraud. David K. E. Bruce, head of the American· liaison office in give you an idea of the accuracy of . For all their rhetoric, Stokes, the attorney general's reply to China; Philip Habib, ambassador to South Korea; Richard Waller, and the Caucus will your letter. Helms, ambassador to Iran; Robert Ingersoll, ambassador end up supporting the white Latortue had been jailed in to Japan; Daniel Moynihan, ambassador to India; and William millionaire Carney, continuing to Haiti for complaining because he Sullivan, ambassador to the Philippines. tie the Black electorate to a couldn't find a job. While impris­ Three of these men, Bruce, Sullivan and Habib, worked racist party. oned, he suffered inhuman condi­ closely with Kissinger in formulating U.S. policy in the Viet­ Duncan Williams Cleveland, Ohio tions of detention. When he was nam war and at the Paris talks. finally released, he was harassed by Let's look more closely at the list. The Jordanian regime's Haitian authorities until, in brutal repression of Palestinian insurgents is key to U.S. desperation, he fled the country in Middle East policy. Through Peking, the White House is From an ex-hippy a small boat. pressing for a deal with Sihanouk to neutralize the revolu­ I just want to let you know there is Latortue has been questioned tion in Cambodia. South Korea is the seat of a dictatorship a large section of ex-hippies who are twice by Immigration authorities propped up by U. S. dollars and occupational forces num­ getting off their "enlightened asses" and since his arrival to the U.S.: bering more than 40,000 men. starting to see the truth about cap­ once in Miami and once in New York for 15 minutes each time, In Iran, Washington is arming and financing the shah italism and all its oppressive corrupt­ but without a lawyer ever being in order to make that nation a bastion to protect oil interests. ness. The Socialist Workers Party and the Young Socialist Alliimce present. Then he was notified that It is no coincidence that Helms, former head of the Central should make an attempt to reach he would have to return to Haiti! Intelligence Agency, was given this ambassadorship. these once-upon-a-time "liberals." We would like to hear the attorney Japan is one of the chief rivals of U.S. imperialism. Policies They will work seriously for the general's definition of political aimed at cutting Japan out of U.S. markets and driving U.S. entire socialist cause. persecution, if it doesn't include goods and capital into Japanese markets will be the central S.A.D. situations like the one Latortue subject of that San Clemente meeting. And so forth. Laurel Canyon, Calif. has faced. Will the results of any of these meetings be made public? Any statements signed after the On the contrary. We can rest assured that the results of none kind of procedure Latortue went through suggest intimidation and of them will meet the public eye. Sept. 13 -AHica massacre denial of due process. To the extent they can, the protectors of the worldwide Finally, of course, there is the interests of the American ruling class work in secret. Unfor­ Sept. 13 will mark the day that our brothers were beaten and word of the Haitians themselves. tunately, Moscow and Peking are playing along with this killed at Attica. The people They insist they will face jail game of secret diplomacy. The bureaucratic rulers of the on the streets are doing many and perhaps death if they are Soviet Union and China have their own reasons for keeping deeds of solidarity to aid the turned over to "Baby Doc" Duvalier's the world working class in the dark. survivors of the Attica massacre police. They have long since abandoned the revolutionary policy now on trial on frame-up charges. Any questions you may have on of Lenin and the Bolsheviks, who refused to make any secret In light of this solidarity, I the fate of Duvalier's political op­ ponents can be answered by ordering deals with the imperialist enemy and explained their foreign propose an act of solidarity that all of 'the convicted class may participate the May.June.July issue of the policy openly and frankly to the oppressed of the world. USLA Reporter, newsletter of the One . of the first things the Bolsheviks did when they came to in to show that Attica is not for­ gotten, that men did not die in U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin power in 1917 was to reveal all the secret agreements made vain, that men unknown are not on American Political Prisoners. This by the czarist regime, no matter how embarrassing these trial. Let us all, in racial unity issue features Haiti and can be ob­ were to New York, London, or Paris. and solidarity, throughout the U.S. tained by sending 25 cents to The demand for an end to secret diplomacy is as impor­ prisons, women and men, decline USLA, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, tant in the fight against imperialism today as it was then. to eat our meals on Sept. 13. N.Y. 10011. If they sacrificed their lives, let us at least remember them in a na­ tional fast and day of mourning. Remember Attica. A prisoner Springfield, Mo.

10 National Picket Line Frank Lovell Ei,it\ From a Social Democrat In a recent article by Dick Roberts, [The Militant, Aug. 3] "Behind the More phony economic 'facts' Expansion of Soviet-D. S. Trade," he Herbert Stein, chairman of Nixon's Council of Econ­ Stein readily admitted at his news conference that states that the convergence theory is omic Advisers, is in the habit of holding a regular today "there are people worse off." He added philo­ a popular social-democratic notion. monthly news conference to explain how the economy sophically, "There are always people who are worse On the contrary, the popularization is improving and how the government is imposing off." of that concept has been the work the wage control program. On Aug. 23 he mentioned Among the "worse off' Stein included landlords of the "New Politics" wing of American some recent statistics and went on to examine the (because rents,' he said, have risen less than the cost liberalism. People such as John "paradox" of rapidly rising food prices and the gen­ of living). He also included coupon clippers and pri­ K. Galbraith, Senator Fulbright eral feeling of most people that inflation robs them vate pensioners (persons with fixed incomes other and Arthur Schlesinger Jr. of some necessary items in the family budget. than Social Security, which- according to Stein:..._ Social Democrats have always held Stein was most interested in publicizing a remark­ has kept pace with inflation), and families dependent that the distinctive character of the able discovery of his research staff: real disposable on the income of an "older" worker (because the Communist bloc has been its personal income per capita has in fact increased earnings of young workers tend to rise faster as totalitarian, anti-Socialist character. by 5 percent from spring 1972 to spring 1973. He they develop skills and gain seniority). The destruction of all working-class proudly announced that the total per capita after­ Stein conceded that for those with hourly rated jobs institutions and denial of those politi­ tax income of all individuals from all sources, after the weekly spendable income has declined during the cal freedoms that genuine So- allowing for inflation, was actually 5 percent higher first half of this year. He contended, however, that cialism needs in order to thrive than a year ago. An astonishing revelation! "a lot of families are better off because they're work­ is considered by Social Democrats What Stein didn't make clear is that the 5 percent ing more steadily, or because there is a second work­ to be far more important than the rise is computed by , including the earnings of such er in the household, and that's not to be sneezed at." rigid state-controlled economies that hard-working individuals as executives in the auto exist in all Communist countries., industry and other corporate heads. Richard Gersten­ From his profound statistical analysis, Stein then According to Rene Dumont, in fact, berg, the board chairman at General Motors, got a sought to penetrate the mysteries of mass psychology. the undemocratic character of those big personal income boost at the end of 1972, to He noted the peculiar fact that "all money income in­ economies (Cuba specifically) has bring his total spendable income to $87 5,000 a year. creases are commonly regarded as barely sufficient led to a failure to make economic GM President Edward Cole gets $790,000. Sixty­ to keep pace with the recipient's just desserts, whereas progress. eight other GM officials share $19,843,428, an aver­ price increases tend to be regarded as extortions It has been the Trotskyist move­ age of $291,815 each. which make a person worse off than he ought to be." ment that has, unfortunately, never The personal income of Henry Ford II for 1972 Economist Stein, who is paid $42,500 a year by understood the reactionary nature was 27 percent higher than the previous year. This the government, must also include himself among of Soviet Communism. The concepts more than offset the 21.5 percent increase in food the "worse off' because his wages have not gone up of democratic centralism and the prices for the first half of 1973. commensurate with the rise in prices this year. But dictatorship of the proletariat, a When included as part of the per capita average, he can still buy steaks while the $4-an-hour workers cornerstone of Soviet ideology, these huge incomes serve to bring the "disposable" can no longer afford hamburger. That is the dif­ have led directly to the triumph of income up to 5 percent over the increases in prices ference. That is why some "worse off' people are h,ap­ Stalinism, the murder of Trotsky, from spring 1972 to spring 1973. , py and others are unhappy about rising prices and and the crushing of his movement. But Stein's statistical sleight-of-hand about how declining real wages. Social Democrats suffer under no well "average per capita personal income" is doing Stein is a big, jolly man and looks well fed. He such delusions. There can be no will not buy food at the supermarket for the working­ announced at his extraordinary news conference that convergence between democratic class family. For example, the average weekly wage he is leaving government service next March to teach societies and totalitarian, Com­ of factory workers in New York state was $162.76 economics at the University of Virginia. He is well munist or Fascist states that in May of this year- about $4 an hour. This is an advised to -stick to economics and stay away from threaten the peace and freedom increase of $11.0 5 a week over May of 1972, accord­ psychology because the students will walk out on of all of us. ing to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. But price and him if he tries to psychologize to them the way he George Curtin tax increases more than wiped out these wage gains. does to the workers. Los_ Angeles, Calif.

Digs articles on UFW All of us here dug your last articles concerning Cesar Chavez and the UFW union fighting the By Any Means Necessary scabs (Teamsters, etc.) and the Watergate bunch who are behind the scene. (But not covered up Baxter Smith very well.) "Fat Frank" reminds us of the "old southern plantation owner." Fitzsimmons, that is. I did some research on the Racism in children's literature Teamsters and they are running true Researchers John Williams and John Stabler report Mother Goose, and others- are white. "White sym­ to form in trying to take over from in the July issue of Psychology Today that more bolizes goodness and black symbolizes badness," the UFWU. Ever since they than 70 percent of the white schoolchildren they test­ point out Williams and Stabler. "Even Dr. Seuss's were organized in 1899 or ed tended to associate everything that is Black with fantastic characters, who appear in a bright array thereabouts, they have been taking evil and worthlessness, and everything associated of colors, are seldom shown as black," writes Lati­ over smaller unions by force. with white as pure, decent, and good. But much mer. This time they are having more worse, they found that 65 percent of Black young­ "Most biographies of great personalities," she con­ difficulty. The good fight is taking sters hold similar views. Thirty-five percent of Black tinues, "have been written about men and women of place daily near here, the Fresno children, however, take the opposite view, while 30 white ancestry to the exclusion of equally great Ameri­ area, and we are rooting for the percent of white children have mixed feelings on the cans with black, brown, or yellow skin." UFW! Venceremos! issue. Those Blacks who are squeezed into children's All of you at The Militant These findings reflect the depth of racial prejudice literature generally turn up as servants, maids, jani­ needed and deserved your vacation against Black people in American society. This pre­ tors, comedians, or villains. This aspect of racist and we hope you enjoyed yourselves judice affects even young schoolchildren and des­ exclusion further reinforces the impression that some­ and rested up for the struggle to troys the sense of self-worth of Black children. how a Black child's life and aspirations are trivial come in the next year. The May.June issue of the Black Scholar contains or less real compared to a white child's. Willie Wellman several articles on Black children. One, by Bettye In general, according to Latimer, most children's San Luis Obispo, Calif. I. Latimer, shows how most common children's books books are reluctant to deal with bigotry or racial implant racist conceptions into white children while prejudice. But when white writers of children's liter­ fueling the psychological abuse of Black youngsters. ature attempt it, they usually fall victim to racist Latimer identifies some of the common trends that ideas. Thus in one popular book on Abe Lincoln, pop up in most children's school books and liter­ Blacks are referred to as "slaves" and everyone else The letters column is an open forum ature. "In essence," she states, "they reflect the seg­ as "people." Phyllis Wheatley, the poet and ex-slave, for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ regated world in which we live and are a constant is referred to as once being owned by a "distinguished eral interest to our readers. Please reminder of the inordinate value placed on white­ Boston gentleman." keep your letters brief. Where neces­ ness in our society." The psychological damage heaped on Black chil­ sary they will be abridged. Please in­ Most of these books, intentionally or not, create dren through exclusion and distortion in children's dicate if your name may be used or the image that Black people are inferior. They make books is part and parcel of education under capi­ if you prefer that your initials be used Black children feel that they are inferior-white chil­ talism. But at least capitalism is an "equal oppor­ instead. dren, that they are superior. tunity exploiter" -the damage done to Black chil­ All the famous characters of storybook land- Peter dren is no worse than that done to children of the Pan, Alice in Wonderland, Little Red Riding Hood, female sex.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 11 The Great Society Harry Ring

How expert can you get?- "Consen­ of Commerce." Desirability of such Sounds reasonable- Due to the ab­ been mixed up by hospital officials sus of Expert Opinion: Phase 4 Will a formation was agreed on by Nixon sence of such, the Agriculture Dept. just after birth and given to each oth­ Either Help or Hurt Stocks"- Head­ and Brezhnev during their June talks, announced it had ceased publication er's parents. The boys are to rejoin line in the Los Angeles Times. the Commerce Dept. said. of its monthly consumer guide, the their real parents after a period of Plentiful Foods Bulletin. family adjustment." It finally hit the fan- On top of every­ No-coffee pledge next?- Sec'y of La­ thing else, there's now an acute short­ bor Peter Brennan says labor-man­ Family ties reestablished - "YAMA­ Thoughts of the Vice-Chairman­ age of toilets that industry people say agement relations are so good these GATA, Japan (AP)-A routine blood "Those of us in the executive branch may last five years. With the scarcity days that coffee breaks cost more than test prompted an investigation reveal­ of government must continue to serve causing construction delays, one strikes. Maybe George Meany, who ing that two 11-year-old boys had the people."- Spiro Agnew. group of builders is planning a Wash­ has boasted he never walked a picket ington protest If they decide to picket line, will now reveal he never drank THE. WIZARD Of 1D ty PARKlll AND HAlT the White House, the variety of pos­ a cup of coffee on the job. sible slogans is truly infinite. Esthetic note- A Cleveland monument firm is offering a "summer special" Kremlin Rotarians next?- Because we on "everlasting gray granite" cem­ received the Dept. of Commerce press etery markers. And with each reduced­ release only secondhand, we're late price purchase, a choice of "a val­ in reporting that the secretary of com­ uable all metal flower vase for the merce met with 24 U. S. business and cemetery" or an Arthur Fiedler Bos­ financial leaders in July to discuss ton Pops album. The latter, we pre­ formation of a" U. S.- USSR Chamber sume, for a dry wake. Women In Revolt Linda Jenness:+t::i: · 4"'+ ... ' Catholic Church vs. Girl ScOuts ,_.,.... __ _... The Catholic Church hierarchy must be getting meetings should be consistent with what we teach Church is so anti-woman that it is unaware of its a little jumpy about the women's liberation move­ them on Sundays," he said. He condemned the attitude. The male hierarchy has just taken wom­ ment. They have even sunk to meddling into the "negative aspects" of teaching "such things"- es­ en's servitude for granted." affairs of the Girl Scouts. pecially to girls at "so impressionable" an age as The Catholic Church is also losing its grip in The Philadelphia Girl Scout Council recently tried 12 to 14. the area of divorce and remarriage. The divorce to introduce a new merit badge called "To Be a So the new badge was withdrawn in favor of rate among Catholics in the U.S. approaches the Woman." Although I don't know firsthand- I didn't an "awareness" course. national norm, which is more than 25 percent of get past the Brownies- I imagine this proposed The Catholic Church has cause to be worried. all marriages. course would have been one of the more progressive More and more Catholic women, especially young aspects of the Girl Scouts. ones, are thinking for themselves and rejecting To deal with this, the Church has been forced To earn the badge, scouts between the ages of the ignorance and fear that shroud the teachings to establish "marriage tribunals" that have the 12 and 14 were to learn about abortion and contra­ of the Church. authority to grant divorces for "psychological" rea­ ception, and about how their bodies function. They The 1970 National Fertility Study, for example, sons. Previously, the only grounds for annulment were even going to discuss sexual and moral double showed that 68 percent of married Catholic women were sexual impotence or intent not to have chil­ standards, job discrimination, and how to resist between the ages of 18 and 39 were using birth­ dren. Today, for $100 worth of psychological rape. Studying these topics would surely have been control methods other than rhythm, the only method testing, and willingness to concede that you are more relevant than selling cookies door-to-door. approved by the Church. Three out of four married neurotic or schizophrenic, a marriage can be dis­ Catholic women under 30 use "prohibited" contra­ solved. But the Philadelphia Roman Catholic Archdiocese ceptives. This represents an increase from 30 per­ Recently 800 nuns held a convention in New intervened. About one-third of the Girl Scout troops cent in 1955 and from 51 percent in 1965. Rochelle, N.Y., on the changing role of women in Philadelphia are sponsored by Roman Catho­ Catholic women have also been active in the in the church and society. Instead of the black lic churches. Reverend Francis Schmidt, director fight against the reactionary "right-to-life" forces­ habit, they wore brightly colored dresses. Among of the archdiocese's youth activities, threatened to spearheaded by their own church hierarchy. Sis­ other issues, the conference adopted a plan of ac­ withdraw the Church's sponsorship if the new ter Gloria Fitzgerald, a leader of Catholics for tion in support of the United Farm Workers. Sis­ badge wasn't canceled. the Elimination of All Restrictive Abortion and ter Catherine Pinkerton, the assembly's chairperson, "What the kids do on Wednesday nights at scout Contraception Laws, recently explained, "The said, "We don't want theorizing; we want action." i La Raza en Acc~nl Miguel Pendas Gov't agents in the Chicano movement Recently a number of newspapers reprinted a memo 1969, he arranged an illegal gun sale to MAYO to raid the place. A Moratorium activist, Roberto from H. R. Haldeman about plans for an up­ members in an attempt to set them up for a bust. Flores, suffered a fractured skull in the raid. coming anti-Nixon demonstration in Charlotte, When suspicions arose concerning his activities, Martinez succeeded in becoming a national leader N.C. It said, in part, the demonstrators "will be Martinez was told by his employer, the Alcohol, of the Brown Berets. He was also able to displace violent; they will have extremely obscene signs Tobacco and Firearms Agency (ATF) of the U.S. Rosalio Mufioz as national chairman of the Chi­ as has been indicated by their handbills." Hal­ Treasury Department, to move to Los Angeles cano Moratorium by accusing him of being "too deman had gleefully underlined the words "violent" and continue his dirty tricks there. soft." When Martinez finally blew his cover, he and "obscene" and rushed the memo back to his In Los Angeles, Martinez iniutrated the Brown was able to cite as evidence of his success that intelligence man, marking it "High Priority." Berets and the Chicano Moratorium, and tried the Brown Berets had gone underground, and Haldeman's joy at seeing that this type of dem­ to infiltrate La Casa de Carnalismo, an orga­ the Chicano Moratorium was totally inactive. onstration was going to take place will be well nization trying to stop the traffic of harmful drugs Martinez "surfaced" more than a year ago, but understood by many Americans. The Watergate in the Chicano community. the Watergate revelations now give us an oppor­ revelations have taught us all a lot about the He soon began provoking confrontations and tunity to underscore the lessons to be learned. government's attitude toward protests of this sort. acts of violence . at Chicano demonstrations. A For one thing, the movement can learn how to Individual acts of violence, wildly ultraleft slo­ one-man "plumbers squad," he stole documents avoid getting set up for victimization. by the work gans, obscenities, and other tactics that make it from the Chicano Moratorium office and turned of provocateurs. harder to mobilize mass support behind an issue them over to the government. There are broader lessons as well. Watergate, or demand have often been shown to be the work In October 1970, trying to enhance his image and the role of the agents like Martinez, is further of agents provocateurs, hired by the federal gov­ as a "militant" Chicano, Martinez led a disruption proof that this capitalist government has abso­ ernment to try to discredit protest movements. at a rally for Democrat John Tunney. The dis­ lutely no concern for democratic rights. The rulers Reading about Haldeman's memo reminded me rupters cut off the microphone and. physically at­ of this country, who profit from exploitation and of the infamous government agent in the Chicano tacked Tunney and an aide as they left. racism, are a tiny minority that must rely on movement, Eustacio (Frank) Martinez. On Nov. 4, 1970, "militant" Martinez paraded deception as well as force to stay in power. The Martinez began his career by infiltrating the in front of the Chicano Moratorium headquarters Chicano movement should use the Watergate rev­ Mexican-American Youth Organization (MAYO) with a shotgun. Sure enough, the brutal L.A. elations to show people what this racist system and the Brown Berets in Texas. In September cops wasted no time in using this as an excuse is all about.

12 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

SEPTEMBER 7, 1973

Interview w~h Alain Krivine Defense campaign decisive to victory

[The following interview with Alain Q: 'What are conditions like now in A: Unfortunately for Marcellin [min­ Krivine is reprinted from the Aug. La Sante prison? ister of the interior], nothing. There 10- issue of Rouge, formerly the news­ is a memorandum from the Political paper of the Communist League, A: They have been improved slightly Bureau of the former Communist French section of the Fourth Inter­ since the last [prisoners'] rebellions and League .explaining to the militants in national. The translation is by The the growth of public awareness they two pages why it was necessary for Militnnt. fostered. But the scattered reforms of them to come to the June 20 demon­ [The Communist League was banned 1972 have not fundamentally changed stration organized by the Communist by the French government June 28 the depersonalizing and degrading set­ Party and the United Socialist Party for its sponsorship of a demonstra­ up that the French penal system rep­ for the defense of civil liberties. The tion protesting a meeting held June resents. Isolated in tiny cells, the pris­ memorandum also explains in a few 21 in Paris by the fascist group Ordre oners spend months awaiting their lines why-in the context of this ac­ Nouveau (New Order). The fascist trials. A large part of them are young tion- it was necessary to prevent the meeting was aimed at whipping up people, and there are many im­ June 21 meeting of the New Order. racist opposition to immigrant workers migrants, who are put together in a That's the famous "secret directive" in France. special section. discovered by the minister of the in­ [Alain Krivine, the Communist Pierre Rousset and I were given a terior. And the manuscript is written League's candidate against Pompidou in my handwriting! As for the rest in the 1969 elections, ·was arrested of the "directives," they are nothing for supposedly instigating the anti­ more than press releases published fascist demonstration, even though the by Le Monde, which is, as far as I Elie Kagan night of the action he was speaking know, neither secret nor confidential. June 1971 convention of Communist at a meeting in another city. He was Finally, there is a call for a united league. charged under the infamous "anti­ meeting to organize the antifascist cam­ wrecker law," which enables the gov­ paign, a call signed by Michel Recanti ernment to hold leaders of an orga­ for the Communist League. More than cation could have consisted of ar­ nization responsible for any illegal 20 organizations received this "secret" resting this person in the act of leav­ acts that take place in a demonstra­ letter. And the site of the meeting was ing the Communist League headquar­ tion sponsored by that organization. the Parisian caf~ best known for the ters with the weapons. We had no [Krivine was released from prison left and far-left meetings that are held way to verify this hypothesis. We there­ Aug. 2 as a result of a massive de­ there. Another indication of how clan­ fore kept the weapons, and the per­ fense effort, but still faces trial this destine the "plot" was! son in charge at the time gave in­ fall. structions for getting rid of them rap­ [Pierre Rousset, formerly a member Q: What has the role of the defense idly. of the Political Bureau of the Com­ been? This affair- a secondary matter­ munist League, was arrested simply remained at this stage until the day A: Decisive. Attorneys Jouffa and for being present in the Communist of the brutal search by the police, League headquarters when it was Compte have succeeded in bringing which brought to light the fact that sack-ed by police, who found weapons out the whole political character of the the instructions had not been carried there. case without neglecting to utilize the out. No one knew this. Pierre Rousset [The international defense campaign bourgeois laws to the maximum, fight­ special status, what they call "politi­ did not know it. continues, demanding freedom for ing step-by-step on all the procedural cal." Among other things, this allowed . Furthermore, there is no one who Pierre Rousset, lifting of the ban on aspects. One of the goals is to show us to have a radio, daily and weekly is not aware that the Communist the League, and dropping of all charg­ concretely what a scandal the "anti­ papers, and one-hour visits each day. · League is not preparing for immedi­ es against Krivine and Rousset. A wrecker" law is. But we were kept totally isolated, ate armed struggle. Militant reader from the Socialist Work­ with no possibility of seeing or meet­ Moreover, a court-ordered test was ers League of Australia writes that a Q: What exactly is the situation of ing other prisoners. carried out. The Molotov cocktails, broad united-front meeting of 150 peo­ Pierre Rousset? such as they w.ere presented to the ple took place in Melbourne Aug. 16. judge by the police, were inoperative; This followed a similiar meeting of A: Pierre had the misfortune to be at Q: How did you get news from the thus they ,are not Molotov cocktails. 230 in Sydney Aug. 1. 10 impasse Gu~m~nee [then headquart­ outside? ers of the Communist League] with And ammunition for one of the two [The Melbourne meetingwas spon­ 22 other militants the day after the rifles has not been available for years! sored by a wide spectrum ofleftgroups, A: You could get news through the demonstration. It was the normal Pierre Roussel has appealed the as well as the Plumbers and Gasfitters visits from your family or friends, rotation of militants to guard the head­ judge's refusal to grant him provi­ Union, the Seaman's Union, and Bob but also by mail, and that was very quarters. Today they are accusing him sional liberty, and a higher court must Hawke, federal president of the Aus­ important. Pierre and I received dozens of concealing Molotov cocktails and still rule on the appeal. tralian Labor Party and president of and dozens of letters from all over guns in the headquarters. But Pierre had· already been given the Australian Council of Trade France-from former militants of the As far as the Molotov cocktails go, an eight-month suspended sentencelast Unions. Communist League, from Maoist mili­ we have never denied that we have year for an act of solidarity with Latin tants, from members of the Commu­ stocked them for our defense since American revolutionaries. If he is sen­ [The French National Committee nist Party, the Socialist Party, the the attack on us by a New Order tenced to more than two months in Against the Dissolution of the Com­ United Socialist Party. This is how commando squad. prison this time, he will have to serve munist League asks that letters and we were able to get a sense of the As for the two army rifles, we have the other eight months as well. petitions of protest be sent to the Pom­ breadth of the solidarity movement already explained their presence at The essential task today is to or­ pidou regime, with copies to the de­ that developed despite the vacation some length. They were brought to the ganize the campaign to free Pierre fense committee cjo M. F. Kahn, 15 period. These letters were all opened headquarters in broad daylight, poorly Roussel. The greatest danger would rue Clerc, Paris 75007. Financial con­ but they have not as yet been censored. wrapped and bundled, by anunknown be to be lulled to sleep by what seems tributions to the defense campaign can: person who can only have been a to be a spectacular victory (my re­ be sent to Michel Foucault, C. C. P., Q: What is there of importance in provocateur or mentally ill. lease) but is really only a modest Paris 26-115, France.] the prosecution's case? What were we to do? The provo- success. World Outlook W0/2

Why'! "Terrorizing" with the threat of a strike, or actually con­ ducting a strike, is something only industrial or agri­ By Leon Trotsky cultural workers can do. The social significance of a strike depends directly upon first, the size of the enterprise [The .following article by Leon Trotsky, published here or the branch of industry that it affects; and second, the in full for the first time in English, was written original­ degree to which the workers taking part in it are organized, ly for the November 1911 issue of the Austrian socialist disciplined, and ready for action. This is just as true of a magazine Der Kampf. It first appeared in German. political strike as it is of an economic one. It continues to · [During the 1920s, when the Soviet State Publishing b~ the method of struggle that flows directly from the pro­ House(Gosizdat)printed a number of volumes of Trotsky's ductive role of the proletariat in modern society. Works (Sochineniya), an authorized Russian version of In order to develop, the capitalist system needs a parlia­ the article was included in Volume 4 (1926), pp. 364- mentary superstructure. But because it cannot confine the 369. The present text is translated from that Russian edi­ modern proletariat to a political ghetto, it must sooner tion, which, having been reviewed by Trotsky, clearly or later allow the workers to participate in parliament represented his mature thinking on this subject:· After his In elections, the mass character of the proletariat and its level of political development- qualities which, again, are determined by its social role, i.e., above all, its produc­ tive role-find their expression. As in a strike, so in elections the method, aim, and re­ sult of the struggle always depend on the social role and leon Trotsky: Why Marxists strength of the proletariat as a class. Only the workers can conduct a strike. Artisans ruined by the factory, peasants whose water the factory is poi­ soning, or lumpen proletarians, in search of plunder, can oppose individual terrorism smash machines, set fire to a factory, or murder its owner. Only the conscious and organized working class can send a strong representation into the halls of parliament to look out for proletarian interests. However, in order expulsion from the Soviet Union by Stalin, Trotsky con­ to murder a prominent official you need not have the or­ tinued to refer to this 1911 article as expressing his views ganized masses behind you. The recipe for explosives is on "the futility of individual terrorism" (My Life, 1929). accessible to all, and a Browning can be obtained any­ [When charges of terrorism were brought by Stalin and where. his police and judicial apparatus against the Left Opposi­ In the first case, there is a social struggle, whose meth­ tion (and -against virtually the entire old revolutionary ods and means flow necessarily from the nature of the generation) in order to justify ·the use of official terror in prevailing social order; in the second, a purely mechani­ the bloody purges of the middle and late 1930s, it was cal reaction identical everywhere- in China as in France­ to this and several other articles against terrorism in his very striking in its outward form (murder, explosions, Works, Volume 4, that Trotsky pointed to expose the fal­ and so forth) but absolutely harmless as far as the social sity of the charges. system goes. [Speaking before members of the International Commis­ A strike, even of modest size, has social consequences: sion of Inquiry Into the Charges Made Against Leon Trot­ strengthening of the workers' self-confidence, growth of sky in the Moscow Trials, on April 17, 1937, Trotsky the trade union, and not infrequently, even an improve­ took up the political basis of Stalin's charges against the ment in production technology. The murder of a factory opposition. No opposition, he explained, could permit owner produces effects of a police nature only, or a itself "such an insane squandering .of forces" as a policy change of proprietors devoid of any social significance. of terrorism requires, especially not the Left Opposition­ Whether a terrorist attempt, even a "successful" one, ists, educated against individual terrorism by "the enor­ throws the ruling class into confusion depends on the con­ mous experience of the revolutionary movement" crete political circumstances. In any case the confusion [Trotsky recounted for the commission his own contri­ can only be short-lived; the capitalist state does not base butions, as part of that movement, to the historical and itself on government ministers and cannot be eliminated theoretical struggle against terrorist politics. In this ac­ with them. The classes it serves will always find new peo­ count he desC'ribed the background to his writing the pre­ ple; the mechanism remains intact and continues to sent article as follows: function. ["In 1911 terrorist moods arose among certain groups of Austrian workers. Upon the request of Friedrich Adler, editor of Der Kampf, the theoretical monthly of the Aus­ trian Social Democracy, I wrote in 1911 an article on terrorism for this publication." ( The Case of Leon Trotsky, New York: Merit Publishers, now Pathfinder Press, 1968, p. 492.) [The translation of the article is by Marilyn Vogt and George Saunders.]

Our class enemies are in the habit of complaining about our terrorism. What they mean by this is rather unclear. They would like to label all the activities- of the proletariat directed against the class enemy's interests as terrorism. The strike, in their eyes, is the principal method of terror­ ism. The threat of a strike, the organization of strike pickets, an economic boycott of a slave-driving boss, a .. J moral boycott of a traitor from our own ranks- all this LEON TROTSKY: The 'entire state apparatus with its laws, police, and much more they call terrorism. If terrorism is under­ and army is nothing but an apparatus for capitalist terror!' stood in this way as any action inspiring fear in, or doing harm to, the enemy, then of course the entire class struggle is nothing but terrorism. And the only question But the disarray introduced into the ranks of the work­ remaining is whether the bourgeois politicians have the ing masses themselves by a terrorist attempt is much right to pour out their floods of moral indignation about deeper. If it is enough to arm oneself with a pistol in proletarian terrorism when their entire state apparatus order to achieve one's goal, why the efforts of the class with its laws, police, and army is nothing but an appa­ struggle? If a thimbleful of gunpowder and a little chunk ratus for capitalist terror! of lead is enough to shoot the enemy through the neck, However, it must be said that when they reproach us what need is there for a class organization'? If it ma}tes with terrorism, they are trying- although not always con­ sense to terrify highly placed personages with the roar of sciously- to give this word a narrower, less indirect mean­ explosions, where is the need for a party? Why meetings, ing. The damaging of machines by workers, for example, mass agitation, and elections if one can so easily take is terronsm in this strict sense of the word. The killing aim at the ministerial bench from the gallery of parlia­ of an employer, a threat to set fire to a factory or a ment? death threat to its owner, an assassination attempt, with In our eyes, individual terror is inadmissible precisely revolver in hand, against a government minister- all because it belittles the role of the masses in their own con­ these are terrorist acts in the full and authentic sense. How­ sciousness, reconciles them to their powerlessness, and ever, anyone who has an idea of the true nature of in­ turns their eyes and hopes toward a great avenger and ternational Social Democracy ought to know that it has liberator who some day will come and accomplish his always opposed this kind of terrorism, and done so in mission. the most irreconcilable way. The anarchist prophets of "the propaganda of the deed" W0/3

... convention Continued lrom page W04 answer to the present rise in living costs." But its rejection of wage con­ trols was hedged ("across-the-board") and it called for "selective" price con­ trols, while avoiding any proposal that would get at the source of escala­ ting prices and rebut the lie that work­ ers' wage levels cause inflation. When the resolutions committee Meeting of railroad workers in Russia, 1917. Trotsky stressed that individual terrorism blocked the necessary self-organization brought in a motion on Vietnam and self-education of the masses. calling for release of Saigon's 200,- 000 political prisoners and Canadian diplomatic recognition of the Provi­ can argue all they want about the elevating and stimu­ mass support. What began as an act of unthinking revenge sional Revolutionary government, lating influence of terrorist acts on the masses. Theoret­ was developed into an entire system in 1879-81 [a ref- · Tony De Felici (York South) raised ical considerations and political experience prove other­ erence to the People's Will terrorist organization, which suc­ the question of Canada's complicity wise. The more "effective" the terrorist acts, the greater ceeded in killing Tsar Alexander II in 1881-Tr.]. The in the International Commission of their impact, the more the attention of the masses is focused outbreaks of anarchist assassination attempts in Western Control and Supervision, denouncing on them -the more they reduce the interest of the masses Europe and North America always come after some atroc­ the NDP caucus's support of the ICCS in self-organization and self-education. ity committed by the government -the shooting of strikers membership. But the smoke from the explosion clears away, the or executions of political opponents. The most impor­ A resolution condemning the bomb­ panic disappears, the successor of the murdered minis­ tant psychological source of terrorism is always the feeling ing of Cambodia and Laos was ter makes his appearance, life again settles into the old of revenge in search of an outlet. strengthened. with an amendment by rut, the wheel of capitalist exploitation turns as before; There is no need to belabor the point that Social De­ Maurice Flood (Vancouver-Centre) to only police repression grows more savage and brazen. mocracy has nothing in common with those bought-and­ read that the NDP "go on record as And as a result, in place of the kindled hopes and arti­ paid-for moralists who, in response to any terrorist act, calling for immediate withdrawal of ficially aroused excitement come disillusion and apathy. make solemn declamations about the "absolute value" all U. S. forces and materiel from Cam­ The efforts of reaction to put an end to strikes and to of human life. These are the same people who, on other bodia, Laos and Southeast Asia." The the mass workers movement in general have always, occasions, in the name of other absolute values-for ex­ resolutions committee incorporated this everywhere, ended in fa_ilure. Capitalist society needs &.n ample, the nation's honor or the monarch's prestige­ change into its motion without debate active, mobile, and intelligent proletariat; it cannot, there­ are ready to shove millions of people into the hell of war. -a small but significant victory for fore, bind the proletariat hand and foot for very long. Today their national hero is the minister who gives the the antiwar activists who have fought On the other hand the anarchist "propaganda of the deed" orders for unarmed workers to be fired on- in the name long and hard for years to commit has shown every time that the state is much richer in of the most sacred right of private property; and tomor­ the NDP to an "Out Now" positon. the means of physical destruction and mechanical repres­ row, when the desperate hand of the unemployed work­ Better late than never. sion than are the terrorist groups. er is clenched into a fist or picks up a weapon, they will If that is so, where does it leave the revolution? Is it start in with all sorts of nonsense about the inadmissi­ Left-wing slate negated or rendered impossible by this state of affairs? bility of violence in any form. Not at all. For the revolution is not a simple aggregate Whatever the eunuchs and pharisees of morality may Almost all the delegates who spoke of mechanical means. The revolution can arise only out say, the feeling of revenge has its rights. It does the work­ for the left-wing alternative to the lead­ of the sharpening of the class struggle, and it can find ing class the greatest moral credit that it does not look ership's proposals participated in a a guarantee of victory only in the social functions of the with vacant indifference upon what is going on in this best loosely organized but broad caucus proletariat. The mass political strike, the armed insur­ of al! possible worlds. Not to extingUish the proletariat's formation, which contested the federal rection, the conquest of state power- all this is determined unfulfilled feeling of revenge, but on the contrary to· stir council elections under the title "Dele­ by the degree to which production has been developed, it up again and again, to deepen it, and to direct it against gates for Socialist Policies." The cau­ the alignment of class forces, the proletariat's social weight, the real causes of all injustice and human baseness­ cus met several times during the con­ and finally, by the social composition of the army, since that is the task of Social Democracy. vention. Its candidates received the armed forces are the factor that in time 'of revolution If we oppose terrorist acts, it is only because individual between 15 and 30 percent of the vote determines the fate of state power. revenge does not satisfy us. The account we have to settle in the elections. Social Democracy is realistic enough not to try to avoid with the capitalist system is too great to be presented to the revolution that is developing out of the existing his­ some functionary called a minister. To learn ·to .see all torical conditions; on the contrary, it is moving to meet the crimes against humanity, all the indignities to which the revolution with eyes wide open. But-contrary to the human body and spirit are subjected, as the twisted the anarchists and in direct struggle against them - So­ outgrowths and expressions of the existing social sys­ cial Democracy rejects all methods and means that have tem, in order to direct all our energies into a collective as their goal to artificially force the development of so­ struggle against this system- that is the direction in which ciety and to substitute chemical preparations for the in­ the burning desire for revenge can find its highest moral sufficient revolutionary strength of the proletariat. satisfaction.

* * * Before it is elevated to the level of a method of poli­ Intercontinental Press tical struggle, terrorism makes its appearance in the form of individual acts of revenge. So it was in Russia, the THE COMING CONFRONTATION classic land of terrorism. The flogging of political pris­ Where is Allende taking Chile? When the chips are down, where will the mil­ oners impelled Vera Zasulich* to give expression to the itary stand? What are the organizations of the workers, peasants, and the left general feeling of indignation by an assassination attempt doing? What are their programs? What are the perspectives facing the Chilean on General Trepov. Her example was imitated in the people? circles of the revolutionary intelligentsia, who lacked any For the answers read Intercontinental Press, the only English-language weekly magazine that specializes on news and analysis of revolutionary struggles from *On January 24, 1878, Vera Zasulich (1849-1919) shot the Canada to Chile and all around the world. · St. Petersburg chief of police, General Trepov, who had ordered Intercontinental Press: A socialist antidote to the lies of the capitalist media. the beating of a political prisoner wl1o had not doffed his cap when passing the general. Zasulich was freed by a jury of ordi­ nary people after a trial that attracted much attention. Name ------A revolutionary Narodnik (populist) of the 1860s, Zasulich Address ______was affiliated to Georgy Plekhanov's group, which broke with populism and terrorism and established the first Russian Marxist organization, the Emancipation of Labor Group. In the early City------State ------Zip------years of the twentieth century, she worked on the staff of Iskra with Lenin, but in 1903, when the Russian Social Democratic ( ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. ( ) Enclosed is $15 for one year. Labor party split, she went with the Mensheviks, with whom Intercontinental Press, P.O. Box 116, Village Station, New York, New York 10014. she remained to the end of her life. - Translators World Outlook W0/4

Canadian New Democratic PartY- convention leadership confronted by socialists, feminists [The following are excerpts from arti­ The Lewis leadership orchestrated this cles appearing in the August 6 issue convention to demonstrate the party's of Labor Challenge, a newspaper re­ "coming of age" as a "responsible" ma­ See potential for new left wing flecting the views of the League for jor party in Canadian politics. The The following is an excerpt from consciousness of the working class Socialist Action/ Ligue Socialiste Ou­ agenda was dominated by. two major an editorial statement in the August mean that it continues to be the vriere in Canada.] speeches by Lewis and lengthy "re­ 6 issue of Labor Challenge. arena for struggle between the re­ ports" by each of the three NDP pro­ formist make-capitalism-work ide­ vincial premiers, underscoring the ology of the labor bureaucracy; and party's electoral advances in recent This convention met 40 years to class-struggle politics, whose most By Dick Fidler years. Less than 12 hours were al­ the day after the founding of Cana­ consistent expression is revolution­ located to policy debate in a four­ da's first social-democratic party, ary socialism, advanced by the Vancouver day convention! the NDP's predecessor, the Coop­ Trotskyists of the League for So­ The seventh biennial convention of Delgates were constantly reminded erative Commonwealth Federation cialist Acti~n and Young Socialists. the federal New Democratic Party that this was a "pre-election" conven­ (CCF). Its [the NDP's] accession to The left ·in the NDP is presently (NDP), meeting here July 19-22, reg­ tion. Much of Lewis's opening report office in three provinces over the small and largely disorganized. The istered the further hardening of the to delegates was spent in arguing that last four years marks the t:irstmajor desertion of the party by the Ontario liberal-reformist leadership's political the parliamentary caucus's alliance breakthrough in almost 30 years, Waffle leadership, who refused to and organizational control over the with the minority Liberal government since the CCF victory in Saskat­ stay and fight the purge launched party since the forced exit last year had yielded significant concessions to by the NDP brass, and the virtual of the party's left-wing Waffle caucus chewan in 1944. But as the party working people. It was a slii~ balance­ assumes the reins of government, it· abandonment of the party by Waffle in Ontario. From the adoption of the sheet, even by Lewis's own count- an hardens its face against the radicali­ leaders in other parts of the country, agenda to federal leader David Lewis's increase in old-age and veterans' pen­ dealt a severe blow to the party's closing speech, the brass were firmly zation and the workers' movement. sions, improved family allowances, a left wing. in command. ' Still far from power at the federal new housing bill, foreign investment But the battles waged by feminists But unexpectedly strong and deter­ level, the Lewis leadership behaves and left-wing delegates at this con­ mined rank-and-file dissent with the and election expenses bills, and the as if it were responsible for adminis­ vention may well have reversed the leadership's policies broke through at stalemating of the government's pro­ tering the capitalist system rather posed changes to the Unemployment dissipation of the last two years, many points, spearheaded by a mili­ than replacing it. Insurance Act. and laid the basis for reconstituting tant women's caucus which cam­ The party is a contradictory phe­ nomenon, however. As this conven­ an organized left wing in the NDP paigned for the party to commit itself tion indicated anew, the NDP's pro­ with cross-country connections in actively to the struggle for women's Lewis criticized found roots in the organizations and the coming period. rights. And a new left-wing grouping was formed with cross-country con­ In an unprecedented question and nections, continuing the fight for so­ discussion period following this re­ cialist policies within the party. port, Lewis was harshly criticized by pollution on the "wastefulness of a of them working people. This was the first federal conven­ many delegates who noted that these consumer-oriented society" and called tion since the left-wing "Waffle" group­ modest gains hardly justified the for a royal commission "to launch Wage controls rejected ing's exit from the party. The reduced party's virtual abandonment of an a thorough study of our resources forces of the left were reflected in the independent stance in opposition to and of the strategies we must evolve Two of the three NDP premiers, the Liberals. much smaller number of delegates who to conserve them." Schreyer of Manitoba and Blakeney This nonsense was attacked by sev­ spoke for socialist positions at this of Saskatchewan, in their speeches to In the election of officers and the eral delegates. Ed Livingston (Van­ convention-just over 10 percent of the convention, called for wage and federal council, the leadership's slate couver Centre) argued that the "waste­ the 1,034 delegates-in contrast to price controls. The federal leadership's of nominations was elected all down fulness" of this society results from the the large number of left delegates at "cost-of-living" resolution rejected their the line by large majorities over con­ distorted socially-irresponsible pri­ the 1971 convention where the "Waffle" views, asserting that "across-the-board tending candidates. orities of a profit-motivated society, wage and price controls are not the had entered the leadership conte~t. Left-wing delegates were often not the foibles of "consumers," most Continued on page W03 stymied by restriCtive procedures (three-minute limit on speakers, no Leaders rebuffed direct amendment of resolutions from the floor, little advance notice of what Women's caucus wages fight For the first time in the history of resolutions were coming up for debate, the federal New Democratic Party, the etc.). vention floor, women delegates were leader's report to the delegates was Despite these obstacles, opposition in line 10 deep behind all of the .challenged at the convention. to the brass's liberal-reformist pro­ four :ftoor microphones. The atmo­ The convention had barely opened spher~ in the convention hall was gram was expressed on all major ques­ when delegate Joyce Meissenheimer excited and expectant. This was the tions that came before the delegates. (Burnaby-Seymour), a member of the opening of the debate on women's British Columbia provincial executive, ·rights-a debate which soon moved during debate on adoption of Women's caucus became the highlight of the four­ the agenda that time be allocated for day convention in spite of the at­ questions and debate on David Lewis's The highlight of the convention was the development of a powerful women's tempts of convention planners t~ leadership report. Referring to the fed­ keep the topic off the floor. . . . eral parliamentary caucus's vote with caucus which met several times and "The women's caucus was a well­ the government last year to break the organized a floor fight that triumphed organized militant feminist group B. C. longshoremen's strike, and the in adoption of resolutions commiting which successfully challenged the possiblity they might do the same in the party to call a cross-country con­ the impending railway strike, Meissen­ ference of NDP women, name a leadership's well-oiled convention heimer argued strongly that members women's organizer, and schedule a machine. It had three large meet­ must be given a way to hold the lead­ half-day debate on women's rights at ings during the convention. At the ership accountable, short of seeking the next convention. The convention first, a 'strategy committee' of 10 to replace it through election. endorsed an appeal by MP Grace Mac­ women was struck off to lead the· The tradition in the NDP, however, Innis to support Dr. Henry Morgen­ intervention on the floor. Mter the is for reports to be accepted by accla­ taler, wbo is currently facing charges Above, NDP member of parlia­ caucus meetings, leaflets were pro­ mation. This time not only Lewis, of performing illegal abortions in his ment Grace Macinnis takes the floor duced reporting on the decisions of but each of the three NDP provincial Montreal clinic. to make powerful appeal in defense the meeting and urging delegates premiers had been allowed a half hour The caucus also voted to establish of Dr. Henry Morgentaler, Montreal to support them. to address the convention without pro­ a continuing cross-country structure doctor now before courts for defying "The determination shown by the vision for even questioning by the with correspondents and activists in Canda's restrictive abortion laws. women and the strong feeling of delegates. Thus it was with some sur­ every major area. At. right is Joyce Meissenheimer, sisterhood gained through the-strug­ prise that chairman Donald Macdon­ The major policy confrontation be­ British Columbia provincial execu­ gle-reflected in the women's cau­ ald, the NDP federal president, tween the left and the right wings of tive member and chairwoman of cus meetings and the innumerable reported- after two successive votes­ the party occurred on the energy issue. convention's militant women's cau­ informal meetings and discussions that Meissenheimer' s motion had The total vacuousness of the NDP lead­ cus. throughout the convention- made passed! ership's program, their inal}ility to A convention participant writes in it clear that the organized women's When Lewis had finished his hour­ project the socialist alternative in areas Labor Challenge: "When the resolu­ movement within the NDP is going long report the four floor microphones of society where masses of people are tion calling for a cross-country con­ to be a force to be reckoned with were lined ten-deep with delegates wait­ developing anticapitalist conclusions, ference of NDP women to be held for the party's conservative and ing to speak. was indicated clearly in the resolu­ within a year came on the con- bureaucratic leadership." tion on the environment. It blamed - A Militant Interview Ohio pr1soners unite to ·demand rights

By ROBERTA SCHERR protest for five days before his hand In July I had a chance to meet with was X-rayed. In another incident, an Eugene Zagar, a representative of epileptic inmate was locked alone in what may be one of the largest groups a room, ignored by the staff, and of socialist campaign supporters in suffered seven seizures in two days. the state of Ohio. Our meeting took Instead of decent medical care, place at the Southern Ohio Correc­ mind-controlling drugs like Thorazine tional Facility, the brand-new $32.5- were reportedly given to inmates. The million state prison in Lucasville, Plain Dealer quoted one inmate who Ohio. said, "A brother that thought he had Lucasville is located in the back­ appendicitis was given Thorazine and woods of southern Ohio about 70 he was twisted up for three days." miles from Columbus, far from any "Every day we see more guys walking population center. Most of the inmates around here like zombies," another are Black, and 40 percent come from said. the Cleveland area. To visit them, Because of these degrading condi­ their families or friends must catch tions, Lucasville has been the scene a 5 a.m. bus that costs $24 and of numerous protest actions and court doesn't return until after midnight. cases since it opened in September Eugene Zagar is a young· prisoner 1972. What was built as an ideal serving a life sentence at Lucasville. "correctional facility" to be used as He is an executive officer of the Ohio a model throughout the country has Prisoners Labor Union (OPL U), instead become a center for radical which was formed last January to organizing and prisoners' struggles. struggle for prisoners' rights in Ohio. The first challenge came from Kelly The OPL U has already grown to a Chapman, a longtime prisoner activist membership of 7,000 inmates through­ who, Zagar says, "has become some­ out the state. what of a legend in Ohio prisons." Zagar and several other Lucasville Last fall Chapman filed suit against supporters of my campaign for mayor the state prison authorities, calling for of Cleveland have been corresponding a halt to any further transfers into with me since April. Prison authorities Lucasville until adequate medical fa­ refused my right to meet with other cilities were provided and a full-time campaign supporters at Lucasville, but doctor hired. However, the case was I finally obtained permission to visit never heard before the courts. Zagar. He described the brutal and Zagar explained, "On the first day inhuman conditions the OPL U is fight­ of the hearings, the man who was ing against. going to testify about the conditions Of the 1,000 prisoners at Lucasville, in the prison hospital died. All they only 180 are enrolled in academic did was close the hospital for a while classes. Almost 400 more are on the and drop the case. Nothing has been waiting list. There is no vocational done since then to correct the so-called training- a $110,000 federal grant mistake." in order to further isolate him from My philosophy is jail the rich, free for vocational training was used in- his fellow inmates. Zagar says he is the poor. Under socialism I don't stead to buy new uniforms and raise determined to stay in Lucasville and think we'll have any prisons." salaries for prison guards. Less than Prisoners strike will fight the transfer in court if nec­ Zagar said the Socialist Workers 200 jobs are available to prisoners. On May 24, more than 700 Lucas- essary. Party campaign has received much "That means that about 700 con- ville prisoners went on strike to pro­ support among the Lucasville pris­ victs have nothing to do all day long," test the inhuman conditions. They de­ 'Jail the rich, free the poor' oners. "We hear you on the radio Zagar said. "They just sit around. manded reforms in the parole board, I asked Zagar how he became a from Columbus a lot. We're behind A lot of fights and stabbings started review board, and furlough system. socialist. He explained that he had you all the way. If there's anything to occur just because the men were . (Although Lucasville supposedly has made several futile attempts to cor­ we can do to help, let us know. It going stir crazy." a furlough system, no prisoner has respond with politicians of the Demo­ really inspires us to know that you ever been allowed furlough.) cratic and Republican parties. "I wrote support us, too." No medical care Zagar described the tactics used to a letter to Ted Kennedy, who referred On June 26 I received a letter no­ In addition, Zagar explained, there break the strike and the attempts to it to Senator Saxbe (R-Ohio). He re­ tifying me that the executive board is no full-time doctor at the prison destroy the union. "First they phys­ ferred it to Governor Gilligan, and of the OPL U had unanimously voted and the medical facilities are complete­ ically separated the leadership to try I've never heard from him." (On Aug. to endorse my candidacy for mayor ly inadequate. An expose of conditions to demoralize us. Then they began 14 Governor John Gilligan released of Cleveland. at Lucasville published earlier this offering privileges to cell blocks that a statement opposing recognition for Many of the prisoners are regular year in the Cleveland Plain Dealer didn't support the union." Despite this, the Ohio Prisoners Labor Union.) readers of The Militant, which Zagar described the prison hospital as "emp­ the OPL U has 600 to 700 members Zagar said the prisoners are fed says has "not yet" been censored. Sev­ ty of equipment" and said the prison in Lucasville alone. up with these phony politicians. "I eral prisoners say that when they are dentist "has nothing but hand tools "They tried everything from sending guess most of us consider ourselves released they plan to join the Young with which to work." in provocateurs to start riots, to pit­ socialists. We're against capitalism. Socialist Alliance. The Plain Dealer reported that an ting union members against nonunion inmate with a fractured hand had to members. But in the long run their divide-and-conquer strategy won't Lucasville prison a ·monstrosity· work. Everyone here knows that the Since this interview was obtained, called the Lucasville prison an "ob­ prison administration is the enemy, further developments have called at­ solete monstrosity" run by ineffectual not the other prisoners." tention to the plight of inmates at administrators and grudge-bearing The strike lasted until June 6, when the Lucasville, Ohio, prison. guards. the authorities succeeded ~ breaking Two guards were killed July 24. To conceal these conditions, it. Then 25 OPL U members began a hunger strike. After a few days, They were shot simultaneously, one guards threatened a strike if Gilligan prison .officials turned up the heat in by another guard and one by a didn't cancel a planned visit to their cells to 130 to 135 degrees, caus­ prisoner who had been holding sev­ Lucasville by former Teamster eral guards hostage. ing the men to become dehydrated President James Hoffa. The guards, Prison officials have demagogical­ and forcing them to call off the hun­ only one of whom is Black, insist ger strike. ly exploited the deaths to justify that prisoners are treated too le­ The OPL U has filed a class-action brutal mistreatment of hundreds of niently. suit in federal court in Columbus de­ Lucasville prisoners. Seventy-eight One guard complained, "The pris­ manding union recognition, $20 a inmates were stripped naked and oners call that place Lucasville­ day compensation for prisoners ha­ held that way for as long as seven Hilton and we serve as bellhops to rassed during the struggles last days. Four hundred more are still them .... You can't rehabilitate spring, and the restoration of all priv­ in solitary confinement as a result people who don't want to be." Gil­ ileges. of last May's strike. Many have ligan caved in and Hoffa's visit Because of his radical activities, Eu­ been beaten. was canceled. gene Zagar has been confined to a In August, a special task force The Ohio Prisoners Labor Union M;lann+i ... o•~•n disciplinary block for two months. appointed by Ohio Governor John recently announced it is filing suit ROBERTA SCHERR: SWP candidate for While I was visiting him, he received Gilligan to investigate the prison to demand an end to the wholesale mayor of Cleveland has been endorsed word the prison authorities were plan­ released its report. The task force harassment and abuse of prisoners. by Ohio Prisoners labor Union. ning to transfer him to another prison

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 13 Peron hopes to stem P-Qiitical crisis PST enters Argentine election U.N. body By CAROLINE LUND alliance of right-wing parties, centered • For legal rights for all parties AUG. 28- The presidential elections around the Progressive Democratic in the elections. hears case scheduled for Sept. 23 in Argentina Party. • For democracy in the trade come at a time of sharpening polit­ The importance of Per6n's candida­ unions and for a congress of rank­ ical crisis. The Argentine rulers are cy for preserving capitalist stability and-file delegates of the CGT (the Pe­ of Puerto desperately trying to reach a strategic in Argentina has even been recognized ronist-controlled trade-union federa• agreement among themselves, with the by U.S. imperialism. Thus New York tion) to elect a new union leadership. backing of U.S. imperialism, to con­ Times reporter David Binder wrote e For an emergency wage raise and Rico tain the explosive workers' struggles from Washington July 28: "In a re­ a sliding scale of wages. By MIRTA VIDAL and continuing radicalization that versal of attitudes, the United States e Against the persecution of polit­ UNITED NATIONS, NEW YORK­ have swept the country. Government has come to view Juan ical activists; rehire those fired for A sense of excitement permeated an This working class upsurge was ex­ Domingo Per6n not as a menace but political reasons or activity in the audience packed with supporters of pressed in scores of factory occupa­ as Argentina's best hope for political trade unions. · independence for Puerto Rico when tions and hundreds of takeovers of stability and economic progress." • Against imperialist exploitation the United Nations Committee on De­ high schools and other institutions af­ Per6n's usefulness to the capitalist and for nationalization and workers colonization met last week. ter Peronist President Hector Campora class stems from the fact that masses control of Codex, Standard Electric, Juan Mari Bras, general secretary took office last May. of Argentine workers still believe he and the rest of the monopolies. of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party The return of Per6n to Argentina, represents their interests and is anti­ • For the expropriation of the rich (PSP), and Ruben Berrios, president the July 13 resignation of Campora, imperialist. land owners and an agrarian reform, of the Puerto Rican Independence Party and Per6n's decision to run for pres­ The PST is the only radical or work- including the utilization of uncultivat- (PIP), spoke before the committee Aug. ident reflect the conclusion of the ma­ 23 and 24. This unprecedented event jor sectors of the capitalist class that was the first time that leaders of the a Peronist regime would be the best independence movement in Puerto Rico hope for coopting or repressing the have been invited to address this body. workers movement. Per6n's conces­ Puerto Rico has been a· colony of the sions to rightist forces since his re­ United States since the end of the Span­ turn, however, have already caused ish-American War. In 1952, the U.S. dissension among some of his left­ tried to disguise this fact by formally wing followers. granting Puerto Rico the status of The only working-class alternative "Commonwealth." In reality, however, in the elections will be the ticket of the island continues to be a U.S. col­ the Socialist Workers Party of Argen­ ony. tina (Partido Socialista de los Tra­ The United Nations Committee on bajadores- PST). Four thousand Decolonization, also known as the people packed a meeting hall in Bue­ Committee of 24, was formed in 1960. nos Aires on Aug. 18 at the call of It is composed of 24 "nonaligned" na­ the PST and the Frente de los Tra­ tions. bajadores (Workers Front) to decide As early as 1962, the Pro-Indepen­ on a slate of working-class candidates dence Movement (now the PSP) began to oppose Per6n. demanding that the U.N. recognize The only offices open in the special Puerto Rico's colonial status. But ef­ election are those of president and forts to have the Committee of 24 vice-president. Argentine rulers hope election of Peron will dampen workers' struggles such as this one, which occurred at the Somisa steel plant in January. consider the question had, up to now, The meeting approved a slate of been unsuccessful. PST leader Juan Carlos Coral for When the Committee resumed its ses­ president, and Jose Paez for vice-pres­ ing-class party that is challenging Pe­ ed lands by allowing people to work sions in mid-August of this year, sup­ ident. Paez, who recently joined the r6n and the other capitalist candidates them. porters of independence for Puerto PST, was a leader of SITRAC­ in the election. At a special conven­ A special invitation was issued to Rico in the U.S. held daily pickets SITRAM, the rebel union of auto tion July 29, the PST decided to make Agustin Tosco to join the Workers in front of the U.N., demanding that workers in C6rdoba that has been its ballot status available to all those Front and run on its presidential tick­ the question be placed on its agenda. in the forefront of the struggle against in the workers movement who sup­ et. Tosco .is the best-known militant The actions were organized by the the military, the capitalists, and the port working-class political action in trade-union leader in the country. He recently formed United Committee for Peronist trade union bureaucracy. He opposition to all the capitalist parties, was released from prison in Septem­ a Discussion of the Colonial Case of was one of the leaders of the semi­ including Per6n 's. ber 1972, after serving a year and Puerto Rico in the United Nations. insurrections, called "Cordobazos," The PST followed the same course a half for allegedly subversive activ­ · Spearheaded by the PSP, the United that occurred in that city in 1969 in the March elections, when Cam­ ities. Committee includes a number of and 1971. Because of his role in these para ran as a stand-in candidate for Tosco is president of the C6rdoba Puerto Rican organizations in the U.S. struggles, Paez was ousted from the Per6n. At the initiative of the PST, Light and Power Union, which was Finally, the Committee of 24 union by the bureaucracy. a Workers Front was formed, involv­ attacked by goons from the Peronist adopted a motion to discuss the ques­ In addition to Per6n (whose run­ ing militant workers and trade-union trade-union bureaucracy in July. tion, which had been placed before ning mate will be his wife, Isabel Mar­ leaders from throughout Argentina. Armed followers of Tosco successfully it by the Cuban delegation to the U.N., tinez), there are now two other pro­ Using the PST's ballot status, the defended the union headquarters although Cuba is not among the 24 capitalist tickets in the race: Balbin Workers Front fielded 2,200 worker against the Peronist attackers, who nations on the committee. The com­ and De la Rua of the Radical Civic candidates as well as supporting the used machine guns and explosives. mittee vote caused outrage in Wash­ Union, Argentina's second-largest presiden tiaJ and vice-presidential tick­ ington. party after the Peronists; and the right­ et of PST leaders Juan Carlos Coral Tosco, however, declined the offer Both Mari Bras and Berrios de­ wing slate of Manrique and Raymon­ and Nora Ciapponi. During these elec­ from the PST and Workers Front to nounced "the United States and its da. In the last elections, in March tions, Jose Paez ran on the PST ticket run on an independent slate, appar­ government for violating international of this year, Manrique headed up an for governor of C6rdoba. ently . under pressure from the Peron­ law and the United Nations Charter by The PST and Workers Front were ist ranks in the C6rdoba labor move­ maintaining a colonial-type system in the only working-class alternative to ment. He has not yet made clear what Puerto Rico ... demonstrating abso­ the "Great National Agreement"- the his position on the elections will be. lute disdain for the right of self-deter­ alliance formed between the capital­ The Communist Party has declared mination of nations." ists, the Peronists, and the military its support for Per6n. In the first Marl Bras .suggested that the Com­ as a maneuver to dampen the work­ round of the elections last March, the mittee of 24 visit the island to examine ers struggles. Workers Front candi­ CP supported an alliance of capitalist the situation and hear what the Puerto dates and supporters helped lead im­ parties headed up by Oscar Alende Rican people themselves have to say. portant strikes and factory occupa­ and Horacia Sueldo- politicians who The committee, however, under pres­ tions throughout the election period. even supported the law making the sure from the United States, has re­ The new elections called for Sep­ Communist Party illegal. jected the invitation. tember give the PST and Workers In the second round, the CP sup­ Berrios attacked the United States Front another opportunity to confront ported the Radical Civic Union in for its colonial control over Puerto the anti-working-class policies of Pe­ Buenos Aires and the Peronist can­ Rico, "which ranges from use of the r6n before the eyes of the masses of didates in the rest of the country. Puerto Rican people in experiments Argentines. The rising workers movement and like the one that sterilized one third of The Workers Front and the PST the growing radicalization of the var­ our women, to the compulsory draft issued a call to all worker militants ious sectors of the population are pos­ which took Puerto Ricans to die in Viet- to participate in the Aug. 18 meet­ . ing new problems for the ruling class. nam.... " ing on the basis of agreement with The factory occupations, mass rebel­ Berrios also pointed to the growing the following program: lions, the student unrest, and contin­ support for independence as reflected e Against the parties and candi­ uing inflation are all factors creating in last year's elections, where the PIP dates of the Great National Agree­ further divisions within the capitalist received 95,000 votes. A little more ment; against Per6n, Balbin, Manri­ class. Neither Per6n nor other sectors than one million people voted. As Ber­ PST leader Juan Carlos Coral will oppose que, and all other capitalist candi­ of the ruling class can hold back this rios ended his remarks, the crowd of Peron in the Sept. 23 presidential elec­ dates; for an independent, class-strug­ process for any extended period of spectators gave him a prolonged ova­ tion. gle political lin~, party, and slate. time. tion. Continued on page 22

14 Nine candidates on SWP ticket New York socialists obtain ballot status By DOUGJENNESS having enough valid signatures. This mise him in the eyes of many who and Queens is calculated to make NEW YORK- Nine Socialist Workers was a cynical move to help Lindsay had illusions about his sense of fair it virtually impossible for a Puerto Party candidates have been certified get an extra spot in a good position play. Rican to be elected. This policy can for ballot . status for the November on the ballot. This year, all four capitalist-party only be called by its real name­ municipal elections. Among them is In addition to having a place on candidates sought extra places on the racial discrimination." Norman Oliver, the party's candidate the ballot as the Liberal Party can­ ballot by filing independent nomi­ Oliver urged Lindsay to veto the for mayor. didate, Lindsay filed independent nating petitions. Republican John proposal, and .called on the city coun­ The deadline for challenging peti­ nominating petitions for a second Marchi, Liberal Albert Blumenthal, cil to draw up "a fair and equitable tions passed without a word of ob­ spat. By pushing the SWP and the and Conservative Mario Biaggi each proposal." jection to the 26,128 signatures of Socialist Labor Party off the ballot, filed for one extra position. Abraham Among others who spoke against registered voters the SWP filed on Aug. his extra line appeared in a more Beame, the Democratic contender, ob­ the city council plan was candidate 21. favorable position. tained two extra spots. These four Albert Blumenthal. The hearing was In 1969, at the time of the last city Many prominent individuals, includ­ candidates have hogged nine of 14 broadcast live on WNBC radio. election, a representative for Mayor ing some of Lindsay's own supporters, positions. On the following day Lindsay vetoed Lindsay successfully challenged the condemned this undemocratic action. Other mayoral candidates who have the bill. It now goes back to the city . SWP's petitions for allegedly not This seemed to expose and compro- filed are Rasheed Storey, Communist council, where the veto will most likely Party; Francine Youngstein, Free Lib­ be overriden. ertarian Party; John Emanuel, Social­ This is the second redistricting bill ist Labor Party; and Tony Chaitkin, Lindsay has vetoed. In January the National Caucus of Labor Commit­ city council overrode his first veto, tees. but the New York court of appeals A few hours after filing his petitions, ruled the bill was invalid and ordered Norman Oliver appeared at a public the council to draw up a new plan hearing in city hall to protest a city by Sept. 1. council proposal for redrawing the Puerto Rican politicians and com­ council districts. munity leaders opposed both bills be­ "I am opposed to the ... proposed cause they would not guarantee ad­ boundaries for new city council dis­ equate representation for the city's tricts," Oliver argued, "because they Puerto Ricans, who make up about are clearly designed to perpetuate the 10 percent of the population. At pres­ underrepresentation of Puerto Ricans ent, there are no Puerto Ricans on on the city's principal elected body. the city council, but the latest pro­ Militant/Doug Jenness "For example, the gerrymandered posal would not guarantee more than SWP mayoral candidate Norman Oliver protesting redistricting plan that would deny triborough district composed of pieces two of the 43 city council seats to Puerto Ricans representation on city council. of the South Bronx, East Manhattan, Puerto Ricans. gJy_ clerk say_s socialist is 'too y_oung~ Dixon vows fight for spot on Detroit ballot By LINDA NORDQUIST of the ACL U suit, stating that the city fighting this undemocratic decision to testify on behalf of our view, which DETROIT-Maceo Dixon, 24-year­ had no compelling interests in main­ rule us off the ballot," Dixon con­ is that young people are fully capable old Socialist Workers Party candidate taining age requirements. The effect tinued. "I am going to campaign for of running for public office and are for mayor, has filed suit in federal of this ruling was to drop age re­ mayor up to the November election. being denied this right through re­ district court here against the city strictions. The city then appealed to This ruling will not stop me from actionary laws." clerk, who recently removed all"under­ the federal court of appeals. presenting my program to the people age" candidates, including Dixon, In mid.July, the appeals court re­ of Detroit. One of the main issues I Tim Craine, Michigan coordinator from the ballot. versed Judge Feikens's order, ruling will raise is the right of young people for CoDEL, explained the importance The American Civil Liberties Union that he had used the wrong legal test to seek office. I am asking people to of this fight. "A favorable decision" and the Committee for Democratic in coming to his conclusions, and sent help by endorsing my democratic he said, "will go far beyond the city Election Laws (CoDEL), which is the case back for retrial. Dixon's suit right to run for office." of Detroit and these city elections. The handling Dixon's suit, have entered will . now be consolidated with the suit has national implications. It will the battle. They hope to force Detroit ACLU suit. CoDEL attorney Ron Reosti ex­ set a precedent affecting all offices to drop its age requirements, which DixOJ?. blasted the city's action. "This plained some of the ramifications of throughout the country- including restrict the right of young people to is a blatant infringement on the rights the city's action: "The arguments used the age requirement for the office of run for public office. of young people to run for office, n he against the rights of young people are the president." said. "In my case it is also an attack pure prejudice. The assumption that Letters and telegrams supporting More than a year ago, ACL U at­ on the rights of Blacks and socialists youths are somehow different, less de- Dixon's right to be on the ballot torney Richard Soble brought a suit to seek office. It is also totally ar­ . veloped, is a prejudice very similar should be sent to: George Edwards, against the city on behalf of Mark bitrary. One week they accept the filing to the prejudice against Blacks and City Clerk's Office, City County Build­ Manson, challenging the law requiring fees of young people, and the next women. ing, Detroit, Mich. 48226. Contribu­ candidates for Common Council to week they say we aren't 'serious and "We intend to call upon expert wit­ tions to defray the costs of the suit be at least 25 years old. Federal mature enough.' nesses, anthropologists, historians, should be sent to: CoDEL, P. 0. Box District Judge Feikens ruled in favor "1, along with other candidates, am psychologists, and young people to 10301, Detroit, Mich. 48210. Women lead union organizing at Columbia By RUTH CHENEY lowest and men continue to be hired contract with Barnard's administra­ NEW YORK- The 2,300 "supporting for the best jobs. tion. The success at Barnard has staff' workers of Columbia University The main purpose of unionization added impetus to the Columbia or­ have begun a .union organizing cam­ is to guarantee the staff the right to ganizing effort. paign to become a local of District collective bargaining in order to sur­ Through the union, workers hope 65, Distributive Workers of America. mount the long-smoldering dissatis­ to force the university to grant in­ Ninety percent of these workers are faction with low-level salaries and job creased salaries, six-month maternity women, and feminist sentiments run opportunities. At present, Local 1199 and paternity leaves, payment for un­ high in · the group of activists that of the Drug and Hospital Workers married women to have abortions, make up the steering committee of union has approximately 500 mem­ completely free medical and dental the Ad Hoc Committee for Organizing bers at Columbia, whose salaries are care, a pension plan 50 percent better -the group conducting the drive. $20 to $30 a week above the non­ than the university's, child care for the The working staff of Columbia in­ union staff. The Transport Workers staff as well as the students, and decent cludes secretaries, file clerks; typists, Union has approximately 800 mem­ wages for student workers (the lowest machinists, telephone operators, book­ bers; they also earn more than the paid). They also intend to see to it keepers, receptionists, and administra­ unorganized workers. that Columbia implements the affirma­ tive assistants. After struggling for Since April, the Ad Hoc Committee tive action plan- and hires Blacks, more than a year to force the univer­ has been barred from using univer­ Puerto Ricans, and women for the sity to adopt an affirmative action sity facilities, and the union has rented best jobs. plan that would upgrade job oppor­ a large headquarters off campus. In Several hundred pledge cards in tunities and salaries for women and June, workers at Barnard College, support of the union have been signed Militant/Julie Simon for Blacks and Puerto Ricans, it is across the street from Columbia, voted so far, and the Ad Hoc Committee Columbia University maids and their sup­ clear that the plan remains only on 2 to 1 to become members of District thinks it will be ready to file for an porters demo~strating against sexist em­ paper. Women's salaries remain the 65 and are currently negotiating a election this fall. ployment practices in January 1972.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 15 Pros~ects dim for teacher unity_ Shanker unchallenged at AFT convention By JEFF MACKLER The main issue separating the or­ ers and will undoubtedly delay the Despite this opposition from the 4 7 5- WASHINGTON, D. C.- The fifty-sev­ ganizations is the question of affil­ process. vote bloc of the UFT delegation, the enth annual convention of the Amer­ iation with the AFL-CIO. The NEA Most teachers desire a merged or­ motion passed by a vote of about ican Federation of Teachers (AFT) has firmly maintained that it will not ganization but are willing to wait for 720 to 650. Later, however, another was held here Aug. 20-24. Despite enter into any merged organization the outcome of talks between the na­ motion was passed with the support occasional flurries, the 2,014 assem­ requiring AFL-CIO affiliation. The tional leaders of the AFT and the of Local 2. This one stated that al­ bled delegates, representing some 900 AFT, on the other hand, insists on NEA. It has not yet become clear though the AFT will support bilin­ AFT locals across the U.S., were in such affiliation, arguing that without to the rank-and-file teacher that the gual education programs, it will not no mood to challenge the conserva­ the AFL-CIO a new organization top officials of both organizations are support any form of preferential hir­ tive policies of AFT President David would be outside the labor movement an obstacle to a new militant national ing. This was in keeping with Shan­ Selden and AFT Executive Vice-pres­ and closer to a company-union type teachers union. ker's opposition to "quotas"- a po­ ident Albert Shanker. of formation. sition motivated by his desire to main-. In keeping with the AFT's initial In fact, however, there is little truth Shanker-Selden fight tain the UFT as a white job trust. entry into electoral politics in 1972 to this argument. Several major The public dispute and struggle for Another example of Shanker's re­ with the formal endorsement of George unions are currently outside the AFL­ power between Selden and Shanker actionary influence came when the McGovern, these officials sought to CIO, including the Teamsters, the was not in evidence at this conven­ small AFT Black Caucus sought to deepen the union's commitment to the UAW, the West Coast longshoremen, . tion. The dispute came to the sur­ broaden a planned demonstration in election of Democratic Party candi­ and the United Electrical Workers. face several months ago when the support of striking workers at the Fa­ dates with the slogan "Elect a Veto­ Furthermore, NEA locals have given growth of the AFT entitled it to a seat rah textile plant in Texas. Proof Congress in 1974." This slogan every indication that they are com­ on the AFL-CIO Executive Council. The Black Caucus resolution called appeared in giant letters across the mitted to collective bargaining and (The AFT is now the tenth largest for moving from the department store front of the huge ballroom in the Sher­ militant trade-union activity. Of the AFL-CIO affiliate.) carrying Farah pants to the White aton Park Hotel. 147 teachers strikes this year, for ex­ George Meany preferred the right­ House in order to protest inflation, To reinforce the idea AI Barkan, ample, 122 were conducted by the wing, racist policies of Shanker, rather government attacks on public educa­ AFL-CIO COPE (Committee on Po­ NEA. than the liberal, pro-McGovern stance tion, and the veto of major education litical Education) director, was chosen AFT top officials Shanker and Sel­ of AFT President Selden. After a few appropriation bills. Their proposal as a keynote speaker. Barkan insisted den continue to insist on AFL-CIO rounds of internal squabbling, Shan­ carried by a narrow margin over the that the AFL-CIO heads hated Nixon, affiliation, although differences be­ ker •won. Pending an opening, the opposition of the Shankerites. opposed wage controls, were repulsed tween them on this issue were ru- AFT Executive Council designated Shanker for the seat by a vote of Chavez speech a highlight 11 to 9. A highlight of the convention was Realizing that he lacked the forces an impassioned speech by United to reverse this decision at the con­ Farm Workers President Cesar Cha­ vention, Selden chose to submerge this vez. Chavez, who received a-five-min­ dispute entirely. A constitutional ute standing ovation, detailed the bru­ amendment providing that the pres­ tality of police and Teamster goons ident of the AFT hold the seat on in the California farm workers' strug­ the AFL-CIO Executive Council was gle. After his speech, the delegates thus tabled without debate. Both the unanimously passed a motion sup­ Shanker and Selden forces supported porting all United Farm Workers' the motion to table it. boycotts, including lettuce, grapes, Whatever differences Shanker and and the Safeway stores. Selden might have had on this ques­ However, a motion recommending tion, and on other questions, including a $10,000 contribution to the Farm merger and AFL-CIO policy, were Workers was defeated by a 3-to-2 mar­ similarly swept under the rug. Thus, gin. Opposition to the motion was Shanker was able to stifle criticism led by Shanker's forces, who insisted of Meany's policies by claiming that that the recommendation implied crit­ such criticism lent ammunition to the icism of the AFT and of the AFL­ anti-AFL-CIO stance of the NEA. CIO for not adequately supporting A resolution on local school board the Fa:rm Workers. elections submitted by the Washing­ In other actions, the convention re­ ton, D. C., local pointed to th~ fact affirmed AFT support to the Equal that the AFT had frequently been in­ Rights Amendment and called on the volved in electing school boards that AFL-CIO to reverse its anti-ERA had proven hostile to the interests of stand. A move to reverse the pro­ Shanker (left), Selden, and former New York Teachers Association head Thomas Ho­ teachers and public education. It con­ abortion resolution passed at the last bart cementing the merger of the UFT and the New York affiliate of the NEA last cluded with a call for the AFT to convention received almost no sup­ year. Shanker and Selden again kept their rivalry under wraps at this year's AFT "encourage teacher-initiated and teach­ port. The union's stand against U.S. convention. er-sponsored candidates for local bombing in Cambodia and for the school boards." withdrawal of U.S. forces in South­ While this resolution gave AFT mil­ east Asia was also reaffirmed. by Watergate, and were committed to mored. But the real concern of both itants the opportunity to explain the social justice, but his speech rang hol­ the NEA and AFT officials is that need for labor to move in the direction low to most delegates. Many AFT any merger agreement ensure in ad­ of developing its own political power locals had previously scored AFL­ vance their privileged positions. in the form of a labor party, it was CIO President George Meany's back­ also endorsed by the union's right handed support to Nixon in the 1972 wing. The Shankerites viewed the res­ elections, as well as his original sup­ Merger unlikely olution as an endorsement of their port to wage controls. It appears unlikely that the current efforts to oppose candidates of the The delegates were also aware that merger talks will bring about a new Black and Puerto Rican communities Meany's "support" for social justice national teachers union. Shanker pre­ in New York school board elections, included backing for Nixon's appoint­ dicted in a recent press conference that such as those in District 1. ment of the racist Peter Brennan, for­ a merger may take as long as five mer head of the New York building or 10 years. Although Selden is more trades council, as secretary of labor. optimistic in public, his real perspec­ Preferential hiring Nevertheless, there was little resis­ tive is as limited as Shanker's. A minor but important dispute tance to closer alignment of the AFT Both Selden and Shanker see teacher broke out on a resolution from the with the policies and candidates of unity coming about through splitting colleges and university committee of the Democratic Party. off sections of NEA. The formation the AFT. The resolution called for of a pro-merger organization called affirmative action hiring programs for One big union? the National Coalition of Teacher women in higher education. The major issue facing the conven­ Unity through the association of the As soon as the resolution come to tion was the need to unite teachers AFT with the Urban Educators' As­ the floor, it was opposed by a large into one national union by merging sociation, a section of the NEA, is number of delegates from Shanker's the 1.4-million member National Ed­ a case in point. Local 2 (the United Federation of ucation Association (NEA) and the Although the Urban Educators' As­ Teachers in New York). These del­ 385,000-member AFT. An important sociation favors immediate merger, it egates got up one after another to Militant/ Arthur Hughes step in this direction was taken when is unlikely that it would split from argue that the AFT should oppose UFT-supported candidates in New York the recent NEA convention voted to the NEA. For the AFT to bank its the resolution for preferential hiring were pitted against the rights of com­ open merger talks with the AFT on merger strategy on splitting the NEA since this was a form of "discrimina­ munity residents to control their own Sept. 1. is harmful to the interests of all teach- tion in reverse." schools.

16 Women march for ERA, abortion rights In cities throughout the country women AC). LaMont described women's Militant correspondent Louise Hal- Aug. 25 to hear representatives of organized to commemorate the fifty­ movements in Europe, where she re­ verson. 18 women's organizations speak on third anniversary of the winning of cently toured. A coalition of 30 Missouri organiza­ a variety of issues facing the feminist female suffrage on Aug. 26. Central Margaret Sloan, an editor of Ms. tions sponsored the march and rally, movement today. Three panel discus­ themes of many of the actions this year magazine, hailed the formation of the including such groups as the YWCA, sions were organized, reports Militant were demands for _the passage of National Black Feminist Organization. the Lesbian Alliance, NOW, St. Louis correspondent Anne Chase. One was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) The best received of all the speakers, Women's Abortion Action Committee on affirmative action for job oppor­ and implementation of the Supreme she said: "We are accused of dividing (WAAC), Teamsters Local 688, lo­ tunities for women, another dealt with Court decision guaranteeing the right the Black movement. We are accused cals of the United Auto Workers and federal cutbacks, and the third con­ of women to abortion. of dividing the women's movement. Communications Workers, St. Louis cerned forced sterilization and abor­ But we won't play priorities on our Teachers Union Local 420, ACL U of tion rights. New York oppression. . . . Eastern Missouri, and the Young So­ During the meeting, attorney Flo­ More than 800 New York women "We must establish ourselves as an cialist Alliance. rynce Kennedy and Pat McGinnis an­ and men rallied Aug. 25 at Battery independent movement, with social and A special contingent, organized by nounced the recent acquittal of Mc­ Park at the tip of Manhattan, in sight economic importance, and thus we will W AAC, stressed the demand of the Ginnis and two codefendants charged of the Statue of Liberty. A mock fu­ add to the seriousness of the whole right of women to abortion. Abortions several years ago with circulating neral was staged in memory of the women's liberation movement and the are available at only one clinic in St. abortion information through the many women killed through illegal Black liberation movement. No Iibera- Louis. mail. abortions and in protest against the tion for half the race!" The rally proceeded despite a coun­ constitutional amendment introduced terpicket by 140 anti-abortion people. by Senator James Buckley to make Among the speakers at the rally was Cleveland Keynote speaker at a conference of abortion again illegal. Rose Roberts of Teamsters Local 688, St. Louis more than 200 Cleveland women to Speaking at the rally were Wilma In the largest women's demonstra­ representing the labor support for the commemorate Aug. 26 was Josephine Scott Heide, president of the National tion in St. Louis for decades, about action. She emphasized that women Preston Irwin. Irwin became well Organization for Women (NOW), 350 people marched downtown Aug. are still the lowest paid members of the known in Cleveland in 1914, when she Brenda Feigan-Fasteau of the ACLU 25 in support of the ERA. Crowds work force and that all women, in­ road a horse down Euclid Avenue Women's Rights Project, and Susan many times the size of the demonstra­ cluding organized and un6rganized leading a march of 7,000 women de­ LaMont of the Women's National tion stood on the sidelines quietly workers and housewives, must unite manding the right to vote. Abortion Action Coalition (WONA- watching the unfamiliar event, reports to win their rights. Representative Martha Griffiths from The conference also included work­ Michigan, the main sponsor of the shops on the ERA, abortion, and ERA in the House of Representatives, trade-union women. was the featured speaker. Atlanta Boston More than 100 people held a pub­ A broad coalition of some 20 or­ lic meeting Aug. 25 at the Central ganizations sponsored an outdoor fair Presbyterian Church in downtown At­ and rally Aug. 26 in Boston involv­ lanta to press for ratification of the ing some 500 people throughout the ERA. The meeting, sponsored by a day. Each of the sponsoring groups coalition called Georgians for theE RA, set up a table with literature dis­ received coverage on three TV sta­ plays, and had the opportunity to tions. Speakers included Catherine speak at the rally. East from the Washington, D. C.-based Rosalie Majka of the Boston Wom­ Advisory Council on the Status of en's Abortion Action Coalition point­ Women; Barbara McCoy, an orga­ ed to the threat to legal aborti9n in nizer for the Communications Workers Massachusetts, where the legislature of America; Martha Gaines, statewide has passed a law allowing private hos­ coordinator of NOW; and Betsey pitals to refuse to perform abortions Soares of Georgians for the ERA. or sterilizations. Actions of se~eral hundred women Berkeley were organized by NOW in several Militant/Pat Hayes Three hundred women met at the other cities, including Los Angeles, St. louis Aug. 25 march was largest women's demonstration held there in decades. University of California at Berkeley Chicago, and Washington, D. C.

Parents vow to fight budget slash Dist. 1 board plans cut in school funds By KATHERINE SOJOURNER of nine board members were elected nese voters, and a court suit is being of helmeted police who had occupied NEW YORK- The community school from the pro-community-control slate prepared to challenge the results. Dis­ the auditorium, the board majority board in District 1 has dropped plans backed by the Coalition for Education trict 1 's enrollment is 93% Puerto met on one side of the stage and voted to move its district office from Junior in District 1. Rican, Black, and Chinese. on all items of the agenda. In their High School 71, which is located in The election itself was marked by According to one UFT-backed board view, this satisfied the requirement that a predominantly Black and Puerto massive fraud and discrimination member, the district office was to have all votes of community school boards Rican neighborhood. By a vote taken against Black, Puerto Rican, and Chi- been moved from its present location be taken at public meetings. Aug. 14 in a closed session, the board because "it was too easy for remain­ The President's Council, which is voted 5 to 4 to rescind an earlier vote ing members of the former board to composed of the presidents of all the to move the office to a white neighbor­ raise a crowd of screaming people parent associations of the district hood school on the fringes of the dis­ from the tenements surrounding the schools, formally protested this action trict. high school." to the city board of education. At a Having retreated on the location of Community residents had mobilized hearing into the legality of the July the office, the UFT-backed board mem­ support for keeping the office at JHS 19 meeting, held Aug. 24 at the city bers have moved to a new issue. They 71. Before the first open meeting of board of education offices, parents des­ have voted to present a proposed bud­ the newly elected board, held July 19, cribed the arrogance and racism of get for District 1 to a public school the Coalition for Education held a board chairman Adolph Roher ex­ board meeting Sept. 6. The budget rally in front of JHS 71 and a march hibited at the July 19 meeting. They calls for expenditures of $15. 5-mil­ to the board meeting. also protested the decision of the board lion, a cut of $1. 5-milliort from the On Aug. 3, the Coalition for Educa­ to limit speakers from the audience present budget. tion sponsored another rally in de­ to one minute apiece. _ The proposed cut strikes directly at fense of community control, which was When asked why the board had voted the ability to continue many programs addressed by community activists op­ to curtail speakers from the audience, supported by the community, such as posed to the proposed move. Repre­ UFT-backed board member Carolyn bilingual education. Parent activists sentatives of the United Farm Work­ Koslowsky told the hearing officer that have pledged that they will oppose ers, United Bronx Parents, and other the board members felt that if they had any cuts. They called for a $42-mil­ organizations were also present. Con­ remained in the room for the time re­ lion budget during the spring election gressman Charles Rangel (D-N.Y.) quired to hear all the speakers who campaign. sent a supporting telegram to the rally. were requesting to speak for the usual The proposed move of the office had The vote to move the district office four minutes, they would have been become the principal issue in District was taken originally at the July 19 "murdered" by the audience. The au­ 1 following the election on May 1, in Militant/Michael Baumann meeting, which was halted by the po­ dience at that meeting was predomi­ which a slate backed by the United Black and Puerto Rican children and par­ lice after it was attacked by members of nantly Black and Puerto Rican, and Federation of Teachers (UFT) won ents let school board members know the Jewish Defense League. Before overwhelmingly in support of the three a majority on the board. Only three their feelings. leaving the room, and in the midst community-control board members.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 17 Union paper reviews 'Teamster Power:· calls Dobbs book 'fascinating, Instructive' Although published just a few weeks terested in labor history- especially ago, Teamster Power by Farrell Dobbs Teamster history. has already attracted attention in the THE BOOK DEALS with exciting labor press. Reprinted below is a re­ events of the relatively recent past of view from Missouri Teamster, official which, nevertheless, few people in the publication of Teamsters Joint Council movement today havefirst-handknow-_ 13 in St. Louis. The review appeared ledge, let alone as extensive knowledge in the Aug. 17 issue under the headline as Dobbs. "Vital chapter of Teamster history." Teamster Power is the second in a Teamster Power, Dobbs's personal projected series of three books in which account of the rise of the Teamsters Dobbs tells about his involvement in union in the 1930s, has also been re­ the Teamster movement. The first, viewed by the St. Paul (Minnesota) Teamster Rebellion, (Monad Press Union Advocate and Kirkus Reviews. book distributed by Pathfinder Press, The Militant ran a feature review ori New York, 192 pages, $6.95, paper­ July 20. Published by Monad Press, back $2.45), deals with the struggles it is distributed by Pathfinder Press, in 1934 of Dobbs' home local, Gen­ 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. eral Drivers Union, Teamster Local Paper $2.95. Cloth $8.95. 574 in Minneapolis. IN 1934, LOCAL 574 was engaged in a struggle against trucking bosses Between 1933 and 1939 the Interna­ in Minneapolis which gained national tional Brotherhood of Teamsters grew attention. That struggle, along with Minneapolis cops fire on Teamster pickets during historic 1934 strike. from about 80,000 members to nearly simultaneous strikes of auto workers 500,000. against Auto Lite in Toledo, maritime THAT SURGE sent the IBT on its workers on the West Coast under way to becoming the largest labor Harry Bridges, and textile workers in organization in the country. the East, signaled the beginning of a sistance to their program by the In­ IT IS UNDISPUTABLY true that The historic campaign which period of great advances for American ternational. Their approach to meet Dobbs and his close associates in the brought about this phenomenal growth workers. changed conditions was away from the movement- especially the Dunne bro­ and which fundamenta,lly changed the The series of the Minneapolis Team­ traditional emphasis on organization thers, Grant, Miles, and Ray, and Carl union is the subject of this book by sters' strikes in 1934 and the evolution by crafts to organization along indus­ Skoglund-were Trotskyists and were the man who has been credited as of Local 57 4 into the leading force try lines. It was fiercely resisted by -motivated by their understandings of its principal architect. among organized labor in Minneapolis the International. the realities of class conflict. FARRELL DOBBS' account of the is the subject of Dobbs' first book. THE CONFLICT LED to the revo­ Their revolutionary convictions can Teamster Power takes up where cation of Local 57 4's charter in April be regarded as the prime reason for Teamster Rebellion leaves off. It tells of 1935. When the local union and their temporary conflicts with the Inter­ how the powerful Local 574 was used its leaders won reacceptance by the national although they were nominally as a base for the drive to bring union International in July of 1936, the drummed out of the International for protection and union benefits to the union was in fact re-chartered as Lo­ their local union's delinquency in per over-the-road drivers. Over-the-road cal 544. (The matter of the local num­ capita taxes. truck drivers then constituted one of ber is of more than passing interest REGARDLESS of their politics, how­ the most neglected and most criminally to Joint Council 13 Teamsters, espe­ ever, Dobbs and his associates were exploited segments of the work force. cially to Teamsters in the Cape Gi­ outstanding trade unionists with a ge­ rardeau (Mo.) area who inherited the nius for organization and a keen sense DOBBS' WRITING IS about the famous "57 4" when their local union of union politics and the "art of the courage of workers and their deter­ was chartered in November of 1941.) possible" which enabled them to pull mination to extract from the bosses THE STEP-BY-STEP development together many diverse elements in the justice and decent conditions. It is of the area-wide structure to maxi­ Teamster movement and put them all about workers' solidarity and it is mize the union's strength and the pro­ together for the magnificent effort that Bill Schleicher about militancy. cess by which the employers were was the initial 11-state campaign to DOBBS: 'Missouri Teamster' hails his Dobbs describes in fascinating de­ forced to the bargaining table to ne­ organize over-the-road drivers. 'genius for organization and keen sense tails the leadership processes and the gotiate the first area contract and the Former General President James R. of union politics.' tactical and strategic considerations heroic struggle of Teamsters in the Hoffa, who as an organizer partici­ along the road. Omaha-Council Bluffs area to whip pated in the campaign, said in his imminently successful drive to orga­ THE FORCES LINED up against recalcitrant employers of that area into book The Trials of Jimmy Hoffa, "I nize the over-the-road drivers in the Local 574 and its members were in­ line make very exciting reading. wouldn't agree with Farrell Dobbs' central states which led to the founding deed powerful and numerous. They Some readers are likely to be put political philosophy or economic ideo­ of the powerful Central Conference of included the press, the commercial es­ off by the socialist rhetoric of Dobbs logy, but that man had a vision that Teamsters and the pattern of area­ tablishment and, to a large extent, and his inferences that class-conscious­ was enormously beneficial to the labor wide and national agreements makes the power of the state itself, most no­ ness on the part of the workers was movement." most fascinating reading. tably the police and the courts. their prime motivation for courageous Readers of Teamster Power are sure Teamster Power will be instructive In addition, the leaders of Local and militant participation in the strug­ to concur with that assessment. and enjoyable reading for anyone in- 57 4 initially had to contend with re- gles. Reviewed by Gus Lumpe UAW, Chavez back Ohio newspaper strikers By BRUCE KIMBALL And, most important, the strikers in donations. But no price can be put, which owns the Telegraph. Thousands PAINESVILLE, Ohio- The strike by know they have support from labor on the boost in morale that the strikers' of boycott leaflets have been distributed workers at the Telegraph, a medium­ organizations· throughout northeast received. In a few short days they downtown, door-to-door, at factory sized daily newspaper here, is now Ohio, and from the majority of Paines­ had organized a successful labor rally gates, and in all major union halls. into its seventh week. Its objective is ville's residents. and received a display of support that Several unions have sent boycott mes­ to gain a living wage for the em­ It is widely recognized that public showed clearly which side of the picket sages to all of their members' homes. ployees, who earn an average of only support has played a key role in ad­ line the public favored. $95 a week. A unique feature of the vancing the strike to its present level. But the labor rally isn't the only An this effort has paid off. The cir­ union- Typographical Union No. 53 On Aug. 4, in Painesville's central indicator of public support. Since the culation has been reduced from 20,- -is that it is organized on an indus­ square, a "Support the Telegraph first day of the picket line, members 000 to about 8,000. trial basis. Strikers are from all parts Strike" rally was held. The crowd of of the community have hit the bricks The strike has won national atten­ of the newspaper, including the com­ more than 200 heard speeches from alongside strikers. On a typical day, tion and support. Such journalists as posing room, circulation, editorial, representatives of the United Auto one is apt to find everyone from small I. F. Stone and Nicholas Van Hoff­ and layout departments. Workers, the Lake County AFL-CIO, children in the neighborhood to mem­ man have indicated personal interest the Cleveland Central Labor Council, bers of other unions showing their and support for the strike. Cesar A visit to the newspaper plant, where the Council of Union Women, and support by helping relieve picketers, Chavez has publicly expressed solidar­ pickets are maintained 24 hours a day, many others. Two rock groups or contributing food, materials, and ity with the Paip.esville strikers. and to the strike headquarters across donated their time, and strikers and talent to the strike headquarters. Any reader who belongs to a union the street from the plant, shows that supporters performed skits illustrating or other organization is urged to the strikers are as determined and as what they thought of the bosses. Some Undoubtedly the most important submit resolutions of support for the enthusiastic as they were when the strikers were dressed as peasants, to area of public support has been _the Telegraph strike. In Painesville, the strike first began. They know that dramatize the company's attitude to­ massive "Boycott the Telegraph" drive. striking workers have a motto: "Stick newspaper circulation has been cut ward the employees. Other supporters Initiated as a central strategy by the together, win together." They, and the drastically, and that management and sold buttons and distributed leaflets, strikers, the boycott quickly spread. community around them, are rapidly scabs are growing increasingly weary posters, and bumper stickers. It is making deep inroads into circula­ learning that this slogan applies to all and tense. More than $300 was collected tion of the Rowley newspaper chain, working people everywhere.

18 Another blow to AP-ril coalition Bailey defeated in Berkeley recall vote By JOHN VOTAVA by the Republicans and moderate er of the strategy of "coalition politics." Black party that would not only run BERKELEY, Calif. - Black City Democrats swept all five seats. By this they mean not a coalition of candidates in elections but also lead Councilman D' Army Bailey was re­ The January defeat previewed the the oppressed and exploited for struggles of the Black community all moved from office by a 3-to-2 margin coalition's dismal showing in the April common action in their own interests, year round. Such a move would also in a recall election held here Aug. city council elections. The April Coali­ but a coalition to get liberal Demo­ be a great impetus toward independent 21. The vote was the latest in a series tion won only one of the four seats crats elected. political action by white workers. of major defeats suffered by the April open, while the "Civic Unity" candi­ An article in the Aug. 18 People's. The April Coalition "radicals" ra­ Coalition, a grouping of radicals, dates took the other three. World, West Coast newspaper of the tionalized their support to the Demo­ community activists, and "left wing" These events put wind in the sails CP, said this about the Bailey recall: cratic Party, which many of them Democratic Party forces. of the effort to throw at least one "The life of coalition politics is at stake would admit is a capitalist party, with The April Coalition's high point was April Coalition member off the city in Berkeley, we must first save it, then the argument that they could be more its success in electing three candidates council through a recall vote. Bailey, strengthen it and extend it." In other "effective" that way. Experience has - Ira Simmons, Ilona Hancock, and considered the most vulnerable, was articles the CP took to task those proven otherwise. At every point and Bailey- to the Berkeley city council chosen as the target, and 18,000 signatures were gathered on recall petitions. The election date was de­ liberately set for August, when the minimum number of students would be in town to vote.

April Coalition on the spot The recall put the April Coalition on the spot, as intended. On the one hand, many coalition supporters had rapidly become disillusioned with Bailey. Immediately after the April 1971 election, both he and Simmons set out on their own path, refusing to collaborate with the coalition, the Black Caucus (which had initially nominated them), or anyone else. In fact, just four months -after the elec­ tion, their former campaign manager, BAILEY: Black voters didn't turn out. to Eric Morton, held a news conference support him. to denounce them for betraying the Black community and to urge their recall. April Coalition supporters· cheer victory in 1971. To their surprise, election of Dem­ in April 1971. It's been downhill ever But on the other hand, the attempt ocrats failed to bring socialism to Berkeley. since. As the elected council members to recall Bailey was clearly meant as shed their "radicalism," their Black an attack on the whole April Coali­ and student supporters became disil­ tion. Grassroots, the newspaper of the liberals and radicals who felt queasy on every issue the coalition has re­ lusioned and divided, and the Republi­ coalition, had to run articles explain­ about backing Bailey in light of his treated from its previous political po­ cans and moderate Democrats op­ ing that it was important to defend political record, charging that they sitions in order to hold the vote-catch­ posed to the coalition have united. Bailey, even if you did not agree with were capitulating to racism. ing bloc together in the hope of win­ Bailey was replaced by Byron Rum­ him on many issues, because the life ning future election.s. There is no question that the recall ford, also a Black Democrat, who re­ of the coalition was at stake. effort included racist attacks on Bailey Not only have these surrenders ac­ ceived 17,102 votes to 11,548 sup­ The editorial in their August issue and that it was aimed at least in part complished nothing to further coali­ porting Bailey. Another contender, pleaded: "The reactionaries behind the at intimidating the Black community. tion supporters' goals of social Allen Wilson, got 6,344 votes. The recall aren't moving against Bailey Bailey's occasional militant rhetoric change, but they haven't even suc­ ballot included both a yes-or-no vote alone, but against all of us.... The and statements about the need to put ceeded in winning elections. Now the on the recall and the list of candidates recall is just one more step in the coalition, plagued by personal back­ Black interests first were attacked as to replace Bailey if he were recalled. Berkeley Five's [the five non-coalition engendering racial hatred. This phony biting and clique infighting, is suffer­ Thus a vote of "no" on the recall was council members] crusade to destroy "racism-in-reverse" argument is the ing blow after blow. Its woes parallel a vote of political support to Bailey. progressivism in this city .... It's same one the real racists use to oppose the national process of the more right­ time they were stopped." measures like preferential hiring and wing elements of the Democratic Party Few voted These appeals obviously failed to promotion of Blacks. unceremoniously booting aside the An important factor in Bailey's de­ mobilize the vote for Bailey even in But Bailey was incapable of defend­ McGovern activists. feat was the low turnout; only 40 per­ the traditional coalition strongholds. The truth is that the Democratic the Black community against such cent of those registered voted. The Even prominent coalition figures were Party is "effective" only for the capital­ slurs for the same reason he had failed highest turnout was in the traditional­ less than enthusiastic. Council member ist ruling class. It helps them divert to fight for its interests during his ly conservative hills area, where the Ilona Hancock, for example, while the energies of those who want to anti-Bailey forces won an overwhelm­ two years in office: as a Democrat formally on record supporting Bailey, his perspective has always been to change society. But for Blacks and ing majority. The turnout was lower declined to speak publicly for him­ other working people, the only "effec­ in the Black community and ex­ subordinate the needs of the Black she went on vacation in the middle of community to the Democratic Party. tive" political action is outside the ceptionally low in the student areas, the campaign. Thus Bailey's actions in the city capitalist parties. largely because of the summer vaca­ Bailey himself poured extensive council- actions that flowed from his tion. Moreover, Bailey won only financial resources into the fight and support to the Democratic Party -led slightly more than 50 percent of the organized significant national sup­ to a steady erosion of support for him vote even in the Black and student port. Jesse Jackson of Operation areas. in the Black community and facilitated PUSH, the Chicago civil rights group, the recall. The recall was organized by an al­ and the Edwin Hawkins Singers from For example, during the sanitation liance of Republicans and "regular" Harlem came here for a rally to kick workers' strike in July 1972, Bailey Democrats ranging from conserva­ off his anti-recall campaign. stood with the city council against the tives to liberals, and backed by the He won the endorsement of former demands of the workers, most of right-wing Berkeley Gazette. Wilmont Attorney General Ramsey Clark and whom were Black. He has been silent Sweeney, a Black city councilman and of such prominent Black Democrats about the recent halt of federal funding vice-mayor, led the effort. as Ron Dellums, Julian Bond, Richard for Black House, an all-Black wing of For the last two years these forces Hatcher, Charles Evers, and Percy Berkeley High School. have been working to overturn the Sutton. Bond served as cochairman April Coalition's initial victory. As of a national support committee. early as March 1972, Sweeney out­ Bailey's recall was also opposed by Black party needed lined the idea of recalling one or all the National Bar Association, a na­ To defend themselves against per­ of the coalition candidates in a speech tional organization of Black lawyers. vasive racism and worsening social before the Rotary Club. conditions, Black people don't need In last January's election for rent 'Coalition politics' self-styled "power-brokers" like Bailey. control commissioners, the "Communi­ The Communist Party was also out Real power for Black liberation could ty" slate, composed of the same forces beating the drums for Bailey as "pro­ be mobilized by breaking with the HANCOCK: April Coalition leader, re­ as the April Coalition, was re­ gressive, outspoken and determined." racist Democratic and Republican fusing to actively oppose recall, went soundingly defeated. A slate backed The CP has been a consistent support- parties and building an independent vacationing in middle of campaign.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 19 In Review Soviet Issues writers facing on trial labor The Trial of the Four. Compiled Issues Facing the Labor Movement by Pavel Litvinov. Edited by Peter in the 1970s. Edited by Paul Da­ Reddaway. Viking Press. New vidson. Pathfinder Press. New York, 1972.406 pp. $10. York, 1973. 31 pp. 60 cents. The Trial of the Four contains in­ The New Left of the 1960s either dis­ valuable information on the move­ missed the working class as a force ment for socialist democracy that has for social change, or it tended to adapt emerged among Soviet students and its ideas to suit an Archie Bunker intellectuals in the past few years. image of the U.S. worker. The book documents the infamous Issues Facing the Labor Movement arrest and trial of Alexander Ginz­ in the 1970s presents a very different bur~, Yury Galanskov, Vera Lash­ view of the American worker. Paul kova, and Aleksei Dobrovolsky in Davidson, a railroad worker and the 1967 and 1968. It first circulated in editor of this collection of articles, samizdat form in the Soviet Union explains that this pamphlet is designed in 1968, about the same time as the to "describe the ferment within the labor underground Chronicle of Current Waiting for Lefty' movement, explaining what is hap­ Events first began to appear. A large Waiting for Lefty. By Clifford Odets. Presented by the En­ pening on the job and in the unions; section of the first issue of the Chron­ the new pride and power of Black and icle was devoted to this trial, including semble Theatre Company, directed by Sheldon Patinkin, at Latino workers; the effects of the a near-complete transcript of the trial the Manhattan Theatre Club, 321 E. 73rd St., New York, women's liberation movement; the itself, articles printed in the Soviet N.Y. {212) 288-2500. Tickets $2.50. audacity of young workers and their press, and letters of protest from So­ determination to change the conditions viet dissidents. "We're storm birds of the working class!" With this cry of defiance, of work and life in this country." the ranks of a taxi drivers union declare their intention to strike, Caroline Lund's article, "Young shaking free of the threats and lies of company spies, union bureau­ Books crats, hired thugs, and New Deal "friends." It is the final scene of Clifford Odets's 1935 play depicting the labor militancy of the Pamphlets Since the book was compiled, Ga­ Depression era. lanskov has died, after being "oper­ The Ensemble Theatre Company's revival is no mere journey ated on" by another inmate at the into nostalgia; everything possible is done to involve the audience. Workers Offer Hint of Labor's Future," Mordavian prison camp. The theater is decked out like a union meeting hall, with the the­ describes the alienation of the contem­ Galanskov and Ginzburg were the atergoers treated as if ,they were fellow-drivers coming to the bois­ porary workplace: "Everybody likes two principal defendants. in the 1968 terous meeting. Both cast and audience join in singing '30s favorites money," as 30-year-old auto assem­ trial. Both were charged with com­ like "Buddy, Can You Spare a Dime?," "Solidarity Forever," "Union bler Tony Navarette said, "but who piling "anti-Soviet" works and circu­ Maid," and "Ten Cents a Dance," while waiting for the leader of the has the time to enjoy it? By the time lating them among members of the militant wing of the union, Lefty Costello, to show up so the meeting you get off an assembly line, you're democratic opposition movement. can begin. like a dunce." Ginzburg was arrested for his Col­ A certain price is paid for this intimacy. The 1935· production in­ Many of the articles point out the lection of Materials on the Sinyavsky cluded flashbacks that revealed incidents in the cabbies' lives that significance of struggle by workers and Daniel Trial, also called the White sparked their hatred of capitalism. Somewhat unrealistically, the for democratic rights. This is the dy­ Book. (Sinyavsky and Daniel are two namic that mobilized miners against writers who were tried and sentenced the entrenched union bureaucracy led in 1966 for allegedly writing and cir­ by Tony Boyle, for example, as de­ culating "anti-Soviet" writings abroad. Theater scribed by Calvin Goddard and Frank Galanskov was arrested for his ed­ Lovell. iting of Phoenix 1966, a collection Ensemble Company incorporates these into the meeting itself as Marvel Scholl has a sketch on "The of literary, political, and religious amateur skits performed by the union members. Making of a Union Bureaucrat," and writings that had been refused pub­ But the skits themselves are terrifying glimpses of America in the a second·· article, "Death Is a Constant lication by the official publishing grip of Depression and at the brink of war. A young Jewish intern Companion." houses. is laid off by the anti-Semitic hospital directors, who have also An article by William Branson de­ To give some credibility to their shut down a charity ward; a chemist is fired for refusing to do scribes the situation facing rail work­ charges of "conspiracy," the bureau­ war research; one young cabbie cannot earn enough to marry, ers, whose efforts to win the right to crats and the secret police dragged in while another watches his family reduced to starvation. In each vote on contracts have been blocked fabricated incidents and well-rehearsed case, holding the power of life and death over the drivers is some thus far by the union leadership. Rail witnesses who testified that Ginzburg rich man who cares nothing for human health, human dignity, union activists have formed the Right and Galanskov had "ties" with foreign or human life. Their answer: "Strike!" to Vote Committee to fight for this journalists and "agents." · Opposing the militants is Harry Fatt, secretary of the Cab Drivers demand. One of the defendants, Dobrovolsky, Union, Local 752. A labor statesman in the modern style, Fatt The pamphlet is available from Path­ testified against the other dissidents red-baits the strike committee, puts down striking as out of step finder Press, 410 West St., New York, at the trial, bolstering the bureaucrats' with "the trend of the times," and calls on the workers to "stand N.Y. 10014. -DAVID SALNER phony case. behind that man in the White House [Roosevelt]." But even with In contrast to the rehearsed testi­ his goons to rough up the militants, dissent breaks through. monies of Dobrovolsky and others, Suddenly a messenger rushes up with the news that "they just the defiance and dedication of Ginz­ found Lefty, behind the car barns with a bullet in his head." The burg, Galanskov, and their support­ act of terror backfires as the union members, fists raised, vote re­ ers emerge very clearly through the soundingly to strike. lines of the transcript. It is an electrifying finish to a rousing performance. Martin Freid­ The Stalinists hoped to use this trial berg as one of the cabbies, J. J. Barry as the union misleader, and as an example to other writers and Carole Shelyne as his secretary stand out. l3ut the whole cast is dissidents of what they might expect thoroughly professional and excels at the improvisation, which is if they continued with their activities. essential to the production. The Ensemble Theatre Group is seeking But just as the Sinyavsky-Daniel trial bookings before interested audiences, including unions. Those who had done previously, the trial and can arrange bookings or offer other material help to this new troupe convictions of Ginzburg and Galan­ should call Sheldon Patinkin at (212) 873-9849. skov only served to further activate Some reviewers will no doubt pass over this production as an the Soviet oppositionists. Demonstra­ irrelevant artifact of "the red thirties," seeing present-day capitalism tions and protests took place outside as reformed or American workers as immune to radicalism. Yet as the courtroom. Letters and petitions recently as a few weeks ago, two members of the United Farm Work­ exposing the frame-up nature of the ers Union were murdered in cold blood. trial were sent to Soviet officials and As the ravages of soaring prices and cuts in public services inten­ were circUlated in samizdat, and the sify, American workers will revive their rich traditions of militancy. Chronicle of Current Events began As one character in the play puts it, "You don't believe in theories to appear regularly. until they happen to you." -ERNEST HARSCH Waiting for Lefty is part of that tradition, a burst of fire from the past and a glimmering of the future as well. -STEVE BECK

20 Militant sets Book tells of UAWspurns plans for fall Kutcher fight Chrysler offer sales campaign against gov't of3percent Sales of this issue of The Militant begin the fall One of the bestsellers at the recent SWP convention By FRANK LOVELL campaign for weekly street sales of 9, 500. This was The Case of the Legless Veteran by James With hardly more than two weeks remammg goal, along with our subscription goal of 15,000 Kutcher. This book has just been reissued by before the Sept. 14 strike deadline in the auto new readers (to be sold during two national blitz Monad Press, and will be distributed exclusively industry, Chrysler Corporation came forward Aug. weekends and by 14 traveling teams), represents by Pathfinder. 28 with its first wage offer. The United Auto Work­ an ambitious circulation-building effort. We hope In 1948, James Kutcher, a legless World War ers has designated Chrysler as the "strike target" our readers and supporters will join in. II veteran, held a clerical job in a Veterans Admin­ this year. At the recent convention of the. Socialist Workers istration hospital, lived in public housing, and Chrysler's negotiators offered an increase of Party, workshops were held so that the experiences collected a disability allowance. Then the full force about 3 percent a year. This comes to no more of the past circulation campaigns could be shared of the United States government was turned against than 65 cents over three years, far below the 6.2 and put into use this fall. For example, Carl Fina­ him. percent guideline under Phase 4 of the govern­ more from the Oakland/Berkeley area reported Because the Socialist Workers Party, to which ment's wage-control machinery. William O'Brien, that a large, experienced sales committee is essen­ he belongs, was put on the attorney general's Chrysler's chief negotiator, said the offer is "the tial for successful sales. (Their weekly sales goal "subversive list," the attorney general branded him basis for getting off the ground and getting into last spring was 500 and they came close to main­ "disloyal." A "loyalty board" took his job away. hard bargaining." UAW President Leonard Woodcock charged that taining that throughout the summer.) The government then cut off his disability allowance Chrysler had intended only "to fill the legal neces­ "For every category we thought was important just before Christmas, leaving him destitute. And sities" of good-faith collective bargaining. Douglas to take advantage of," he said, "plant sales, campus the state of New Jersey moved to evict him and his Fraser, director of the union's Chrysler depart­ sales, regional sales, day teams, evening teams, aged and sick parents from public housing. ment, said O'Brien "got confused between 2.6 and Saturday mobilizations, Thursday night sales­ With the aid of more than 800 organizations 6.2 percent," the second figure being what union one member of the sales committee was assigned to and many prominent individuals (professors, negotiators had expected. do just that." unionists, journalists, religious figures, Chicanos, From Chicago, another area that maintained The UAW is demanding an annual wage re­ sales of 500 during the summer, Lenore Sheridan opener clause, an improvement in the present cost­ reported that with new sales locations their Satur­ of-living formula for wage increases pegged to day sales teams always have back-up locations. News from Pathfinder consumer price rises, early retirement after 30 If the first place proves unproductive, they im­ years employment, no compulsory overtime, health mediately move on to their second location. Blacks) Kutcher fought back- and continued and safety reforms in the auto plants, and free They've also developed a campaign spirit among fighting through the courts for eight years. He dental care. their Saturday salespeople-they decide beforehand finally won. and became the only member of an The minimal offer by Chrysler reflects the new organization listed as subversive to be restored and tougher bargaining position of General to a U.S. government job. Motors, which dictates wage and price policy in Militant Gets Around I. F. Stone wrote, "Basic political liberties and the auto industry. basic procedural safeguards are threatened by the No policy position is taken without GM ap­ what a realistic sale for each team would be and standards of judgment and procedure applied in proval. The Justice Department charged last then stay out until they've sold it. The Case of the Legless Veteran." January that top executives of Ford, GM, and John Staggs from Cleveland explained that of This is a book of great human interest and Chrysler had held a series of secret meetings at their weekly campus sales of 150, about 7 5 are drama about a modest man who found himself which confidential cost information was exchanged, sold by members of the Young Socialist Alliance to be the rallying point around which upholders and that they conspired to fix prices in the sale who attend college, and. the other 7 5 are sold by of civil liberties could gather to fight the McCarthy­ of cars to fleet users. The government's bill of '1light teams of other supporters on commuter ire witch-hunt. It is a book of political value, dis- particulars also charged that the conspirators met campuses. These teams sell primarily in the class­ to work out mutual assistance pacts in the event room buildings, where in addition to selling The of strikes during the 1970 auto negotiations. This Militant, they can take the time to talk about other "GAD, I WISH I'D SAID THAT" practice has not changed in 1973. activities such as the local SWP election campaign. The present miserly wage offer coincided with Not all the workshop discussion was on or­ demands for price boosts in 1974 model cars and ganizing large numbers of people to sell large trucks amounting to $1.25-billion. On Aug. 28, numbers of Militants. One Chicagoan related his while Chrysler was telling the UAW that wages experiences as a cab driver. With many passengers "t'Ll MAKE should be extended with little change, representa­ he found the response to The Militant somewhat THEIULES tives of the four auto manufacturers were in Wash­ less than rewarding, but from the other drivers he ASWECiO ington demanding permission from the Cost of found a tremendous response. ALONG" Living Council to raise prices despite soaring · "All day long they sit in lines at the airport and profits. Higher prices are justified, they claimed, at hotels," he said. "Many of them are young, many because new cars must meet stiffer general safety are Black, and they're interested in what The standards. Militant has to say." Average increases per car are: GM, $102; Ford, $106; Chrysler, $70; and American Motors, $61. All announced that they will be back for further • Beginning with the issue dated Sept. 21 we price hikes after they settle with the UAW on wages. will print sales scoreboards reporting the number Profits of the auto industry at present prices were sold by each area that has accepted a sales .quota. $2.5-billion in the first half of this year. A GM vice­ The sales campaign ends in mid-November, and president, Henry Welch, claimed that a price in­ by then we hope to have established weekly street crease at this time "includes no profit for GM." sales of at least 9,500. The auto industry expects declining sales in 1974 If you want to join in this effort, fill out the with the predicted downturn in the economy and coupon below. The cost of each bundle copy is declining purchasing power of consumers. The 17 cents, and we bill you at the end of each month. giant corporations are hoping to maintain their Sales kits containing posters, stickers, brochures, present record-breaking profits. and subscription blanks are available. There are One of the reasons Chrysler is indicated to take also "read The Militant" buttons for 25 cents each the brunt of strike action by the UAW this year and canvas Militant sales bags available for $4. . is because the plants of this corporation, largely -NANCY COLE The government's blatantly undemocratic attempt in centered in Detroit, are outmoded and need to be 1956 to take away James Kutcher's pension got head­ renewed or relocated. ------line coverage in many newspapers. This Herblock In the coming year of declining production, the cartoon appeared in the Washington Post shortly after I want to take a sales quota of ____ demand for cars can easily be supplied by GM and that hearing. Ford while Chrysler diversifies and modernizes Send me a weekly bundle of ____ its plant and equipment. cussing the state of civil liberties then and now and A series of spontaneous strike actions by workers Name ______offering insights into how to defend and extend in Chrysler's Detroit plants has signaled the UAW Address ______the democratic rights of Americans. leadership and plant management that health and This is the first U. S. edition or' this book, ex­ City safety on the job is an urgent demand that must panded and updated. A limited printing was issued State Zip------be met, requiring structural changes in antiquated in 1953 in Great Britain, after 36 American pub­ 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. installations and methods of operation. lishers rejected the book because of the political Just as the corporations are looking ahead to climate in the U.S. ways to safeguard their profits, the workers in Kutcher retired from his VA job in 1972 and many UAW locals are also looking ahead to pro­ now lives in Manhattan.. He was an active partici­ tect their wages and their jobs. They are demand­ pant in the movement to end the war in Vietnam ing an improvement in the escalator clause in their and continues his socialist activities. present contract to keep wages fully abreast of His book is available from Pathfinder Press, rising prices. They are also calling for a reduction Inc., 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. It in the hours of work to ease the workload and put sells for $8.95 in cloth, $2.95 in paper. more workers on the job in the coming period of -PEGGY BRUNDY cutbacks.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 21 off, shooting the container approxi­ Rico in the U.N. is coordinating a store owners and managers, in an mately six inches in the air. week of activities in the U.S. in soli­ effort to appease them. Jones said that Stellman testified that the "weapon" darity with the independence struggle. among other things discussed at that was certainly not an explosive, nor The solidarity campaign will culmi­ meeting were "plans by Teamster of­ Calendar a bomb, and was no more incendiary LOS ANGELES nate with a demonstration in front of ficials to purchase television time." THE WELFARE SCANDAL. Speakers: Rachel Miller, than a match or a lighted cigarette. the U.N. Sept. 24. In contrast, 120 drivers from Team­ president California Welfare Rights Organization; Wal­ The defense then rested its case. The activities coincide with the an­ sters Local496 in Boston have signed ter Lippmann, delegate to California stale exec~live Today the defense is arguing a mo­ niversary of the Grito de Lares on a petition denouncing the Fitzsimmons board from Social Services Union Local 535 IAFL­ tion for dismissal of the case. Defense CIO), member of Socialist Workers Party. Fri., Sept. 7, Sept. 23, commemorating the historic gang and in support of the Farm 8 p.m. 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave. Donation: $1, h.s. attorney Morton Stavis is arguing that rebellion against the Spaniards in Workers Union. The petition was pre­ students 50c. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more infor­ there was a "calculated and deliberate Puerto Rico in 1868. sented at an Aug. 2 press conference. mation colll213) 464-9759. failure" on the part of the government On Aug. 7, Cesar Chavez met with to comply with prov1s1ons of the NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE 150 labor officials from the Boston FORT WORTH 5: Irish Political Prisoners in the U.S. Jencks rule. Under this rule, 44 pages AF L-CIO. The meeting led to promises Speaker: Kenneth Tierney, one of the Fort Worth 5. of material on informer William Lem­ ... UFW of strike support and material aid. Fri., Sept. 7, 8 p.m. 2744 Broadway !near 105th St.) mer should have been turned over Continued from page 24 Emphasizing the importance of the Donation: $1, h. s. students 50c. Ausp: Militant Forum. to the defense in order for them to major store owners. In a recent inter­ For more information colll212) 663-3000. pickets at selected food chains, Jones cross-examine him. The material was view with The Militant, Nick Jones, ,pointed out, "We can cost the stores only provided to them today, after New England organizer of the UFW, thousands of dollars in a single day." both sides had rested their case. said that 75 percent of the supermar­ In most areas, farm workers' sup­ The defense maintains that if the ket chain stores in eastern Massa­ porters are looking toward the reopen­ ... Ervin case is not dismissed, "at least the chusetts had agreed to sell only UFW ing of schools and making plans for Continued from page 4 testimony of Lemmer must be stricken lettuce and grapes. Jones asserted that boycott support activities on the cam­ this. Both parties are committed to from the record." none of the chain stores had given puses. the defense of capitalist minority rule. Closing arguments are expected to up without a fight and that picket "Students have formed a major part To end government Wategating this be presented late this afternoon or lines, mass pressure, and loss of busi­ of the boycotts' backbone in-the past," capitalist system, based on minority tomorrow. ness were necessary before any agree­ Jones told The Militant, summariz­ rule, must be replaced by a system ments were made. ing the sentiment of UFW supporters of majority rule. And such a social According to Jones, the success of throughout the country. "We think we transformation will require a massive the Boston boycott>has the West Coast can count on them in the future. First, struggle by working people for a so­ ... U.N. Teamster bureaucrats worried. On July to make certain that cafeterias sell cialist government, coupled with the Continued from page 14 31, a number of them flew to Boston only UFW lettuce and grapes, and then struggle of Black people for self-de­ for a meeting with major chain to take on the food chains." termination. On Aug. 28, the committee took steps Black people cannot rely on racists to put off for another year further like Senator Ervin to fight for them. discussion on the case of Puerto Rico. They need a Black political party of Supporters of independence for their own, a party independent of the Puerto Rico have undertaken a cam­ paign to publicize and gain support Socialists say: 'Viva Ia huelga!' Democrats and Republicans, to fight Throughout the country, members the Socialist Workers Party, at­ against the racist oppression that goes for the issue. An additional focus of this campaign involves opposing U.S. of the Young Socialist Alliance and tended by 1,400 socialist activists, hand in hand with capitalist rule. And Socialist Workers Party have been pledges to the United Farm Work­ working people as a whole need to plans to build a giant petroleum port actively supporting the United ers Union its solidarity and con­ break with the Democratic and Re­ on the Puerto Rican coast. Farm Workers struggle. tinuing support. We hail your publican parties, the parties of war, There is a direct relationship between SWP candidates in a number of valiant and inspiring struggle! unemployment, inflation, and strike­ the two issues. The planned "super­ cities are making use of their cam­ "The top leadership of the Team­ breaking, and organize a labor party port" not only symbolizes the colonial exploitation of the island by Ameri­ paigns to publicize and help build sters Union, the big growers, and based on the unions to advance their support for the UFW strike and the government have combined to fight. can business interests, but once it is built American companies with huge boycott, and are urging their cam­ try to destroy your union. They investments in the project would paign supporters to join in these have great resources. But they will intensify the pressure against changing efforts. They have also joined the not succeed. For the UFWU repre­ the status of Puerto Rico. picket lines and issued statements sents the needs and desires of mil­ ... VVAW of support, challenging their Demo­ lions of workers. You are setting A student Front for the Inclusion of Continued from page 5 crat and Republican opponents to an example for other unions to fol­ of chemicals that the defendants had the Colonial Case of Puerto Rico in the United Nations has also recently do the same. low. been accused of preparing as "danger­ "All those who want economic and ous weapons." been formed. Its aim is to involve The recent SWP convention sent social equality and justice must join Stellman's experiment showed that a broad layer of students in the cam­ the following telegram to the United hands to assure your victory! in 50 percent of the tests absolutely paign. Farm Workers: "VIVA LA HUELGA! nothing happened. the other 50 The United Committee for a Discus­ In "The 25th National Convention of "VIVA LA CAUSA!" percent, the lid of the container popped sion of the Colonial Case of Puerto Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, P.O. Box 5462, University, Ala. 35486. Lake Charles: YSA, c/o Cathy Harrison, P. 0. Box 16, MSU, Lake 982-6051; Merit Books-1212) 982-5940. ARIZONA: Phoenix: c/o Steve Shliveck, P.O. Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. Charles, La. 70601. Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway l106th St.), New 85281. New Orleans: YSA, c/o Clarence Williams, 3141 N. Tonti St,, New York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: 1212) 663-3000. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oaldand: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., Orleans, La. 70117. OHIO: Bawling Green: YSA, Box 27, U. Hall, Bowling Green Stale Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: 1415) 654-9728. MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, c/o Dave McKim, 2103 Belair Rd., Balti­ University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402. Chico: YSA, c/o Kathy Isabell, 266 E. Sacramento Ave., Chico, Calif. more, Md. 21213. Tel: 1301) 732-B996. Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32084, Cincinnati, Ohio 95926. College Parle YSA, University P.O. Box 73, U of Md., College Park, 45232. Tel: 1513) 381-2897. Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. 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22 In the September YOUNG lEW Humanism SOCIALIST 'Socialists SO~ialism sue George Novack Are humanism and socialism antithetical? Is Marxism equipped to deal with questions such as the meaning of life? Or is Marxist watergate theory valid only for social and economic analysis? These are some of the questions that have been debated by such prominent figures - as Jean-Paul Sartre, Roger Garaudy, and Leszek Kolakowski gang' Humanism and Socialism is a major contribution by an Ameri­ VIEWPOINT: SPEAKERS FOR RADICAL can Marxist to this international discussion. George Novack outlines Also featuring: * Youth CHANGE A national speakers bureau the challenge directed at Marxist theory by existentialists like Sartre, featuring. leading activists in the so­ positivists like Karl Popper, and reformist humanists like Erich and the Fight Against Fromm. Index, 160 pp. Cloth $6.95, paper $2.25 Inflation * Struggle cialist movement and in the struggles against racism, sexism, and exploita­ Against Racism in Edu­ tion. Topics include: The Real Meaning PATHFINDER PRESS, INC., 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. cation in New York * of Watergate/Feminism and Marxism/ 10014 The Fight of the United An Answer to Rising Prices/United Farm Farm Workers Union * Workers Struggle: Why Socialists Sup­ Interview on the Banning port It/When America Goes Socialist of the Ligue Communiste * The Ev.olution of The For a free brochure or to arrange an in the Sept. International Socialist Review engagement on your campus or before Guardian Newspaper your organization, contact: View point, ( ) Enclosed is $1 for six P. 0. Box 220, Old Chelsea Station, Jiri Pelikan on New York, N.Y. 10011 (212) 255-9229. months I ) Enclosed is $2 for one year (11 issues). ( ) I would like to order Lessons of the a bundle of __YOUNG SOCIAliSTS a month Now available at 12 1/2 cents per January-June 1973 Militant copy. bound volume and index, Prague Spring $10.50. NAME ______Index only, $1. ADDRESS ______The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, CITY ___ ST ATE_ZI P_ New York, N.Y. 10014. APOWGISTS FOR STALIN'S CRIMES

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THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 7, 1973 23 THE· MILITANT t actions for farm workers boycott By MIRTA VIDAL "This is going to be a long fight, and the picket lines are just the beginning." This statement from United Farm Workers organizer Barbara Cigainero in Houston, Texas, captured the mood of farm workers' supporters as the focus shifted this week from the fields of California to activities in support of the UFW-called boycotts in cities For additional on-the-spot cover­ age of the United Farm Workers struggle, kJrn to pages 8-9.

throughout the country. Marches, rallies, as well as memo­ rial meetings for Nagi Daifullah and Juan de la Cruz, the two striking farm - workers killed recently in California, demonstrated the growing support for the farm workers' struggle from trade unionists, religious groups, and com­ munity organizations. Many of these activities have served to publicize and build boycott activities and further or­ ganize support for the UFW. Meetings for slain strikers Militant/Mike Heneghan In San Francisco, more than 100 Throughout the country, picket lines have convinced thousands to turn away from stores carrying scab produce. supporters of the UFW from the Mis­ sion District attended a dawn memo­ rial service and then joined a cara­ Farm Workers. in memory of Daifullah and de la the same. van to Delano Aug. 25. The cara­ In New York, about 300 people Cruz. The procession then marched to In Minneapolis, the UFW Support van, sponsored by several Mission attended a memorial service sponsored the home of Samuel Costa, president Committee has just been given a free District organizations and spearhead­ by the Farm Workers Boycott Sup­ of Fisher Facio Foods. Facio, the offiCe at District 77 Machinists Labor ed by the Nicaraguan Relief Fund port Committee at St. Paul the Apos­ city's m~jor chain selling nonunion Temple. It also received the endorse­ and the UFW Boycott Support Com­ tle Church on Aug. 20. Speakers in­ lettuce, has been the main target of ment of such figures as Lieutenant mittee, delivered a truckload of non­ cluded AI Worspan of the Union of boycott activities in Cleveland. Governor Rudy Perpich, state senate perishable foods, clothing, and sup­ American Hebrew Congregations; In Pittsburgh, a mass for Daifullah leader Nick Coleman, and the Catho­ plies to the striking farm workers. Lucius Walker of the Interreligious and de la Cruz Aug. 22 was fol­ lic Bishops Council. On the same day, UFW supporters Foundation for Community 9rgani­ lowed by a march of 30 farm work­ The launching of the fall campaign joined rank-and-file Teamsters in a zation; a representative of Cardinal ers' supporters to a nearby A& P. of boycott activities in Minneapolis militant picket line of 300 trade union­ Cooke; and Moe Foner, executive A memorial service in Chicago was comes on the heels of a successful ists, which launched a strike against secretary of the Drug and Hospital attended by 200 people. And another boycott against Guild wines. , Thirty San Francisco's Sears stores. The Workers Local 1199. The meeting al­ protest memorial service was held in major stores, including the largest vol­ strike encompasses two union locals so received a message from Coretta Washington, D. C., this week, ad­ ume liquor store in the area, have -Department Store Local 1100 and King. dressed by UFW_ organizer Gilbert now removed all scab wines from their Teamsters Local 853. DSE Local1100 Nearly 100 people joined a candle­ Padilla and local religious leaders. stock. has been actively supporting-the United light march in Cleveland Aug. 22, Two hundred people also partici­ Picketing of Safeway, A& P, and pated in a protest of the killing of other major food chains that continue Daifullah and de la Cruz in Dear­ to carry non-UFW lettuce and grapes born, Mich., Aug. 26, organized by has already showed significant re­ Chicanos back lettuce strikers the Arab-Yemeni-American Society of sults. UFW organizers in Pittsburgh, By AL BALD/VIA der6n told the rally, "When we ex­ Dearborn. for example, report that 40 to 50 and SKIP BALL press solidarity it is with the work­ Between 200 and 300 people joined cars are turned away every day at DENVER- A five-day, 65-mile ers and against our common a day-long picket in front of the John each of the three stores being picketed. march by striking farm workers enemy. F. Kennedy memorial building Aug. During the last two months, farm from Center, Colo., and supporters "What we need is a basic under~ 20 in Boston. And in Houston, 100 workers' supporters in Chicago have from Greeley, Colo., grew to 200 standing between groups of different people picketed a major Safeway store been picketing 40 Jewel food stores as it reached Denver Aug. 26. political philosophies of the neces­ on Aug. 18 to protest the killings. simultaneously and report that 18,000 The march came on the heels of sity for solidarity in all struggles," At the initiative of the UFW, sup­ people have been turned away. Jewel, a lettuce strike in Center against the he said. porters are being urged to send let­ the largest food chain in Chicago, giant Finnerman growers. Finner­ Len Avila, organizer of the march ters of protest to Attorney General was also the main target of the grape man signed with the Teamsters after and the main UFW organizer in the Elliot Richardson, demanding that the boycott several years ago. a UFW strike took out 75 percent San Luis Valley, urged support for government intervene to put an end of the original work force in early "the boycott against Coors beer, to the conspiracy between the growers, Union support grows summer. As the harvest came to a Farah pants, and the Black boycott Teamster goons, and California po­ Significant trade-union support for close, the UFW won a court ruling against Gulf." Workers striking the lice to use violence against striking the farm workers has been obtained permitting its organizers to enter racist, union-busting Coors empire farm workers. in Chicago. On July 20, 200 people the Finnerman fields. were among the many trade union­ attended a meeting to organize the The march ended with a spirited ists at the rally. Boycott stepped up Jewel boycott. Sponsors of that meet­ rally on the steps of the state Other speakers included Richard Throughout the country, boycott ac­ ing included AFSCME Council 19, capitol, where striking lettuce work­ Longoria· of the Denver Boycott tivities are moving into high gear. the Chicago Peace Council, Clergy and ers and their supporters addressed Office and Ernesto Vigil of the· UFW supporters in Philadelphia re­ Laity Concerned, Concerned· Postal the crowd. Crusade for Justice, the Denver Chi­ port that momentum for the boycott Workers of America, the Illinois Union Jose Calder6n, recently elected cano civil and human rights or­ has been picking up there. The Phila­ of Social Service Employees, and the statewide chairman of the Colorado ganization. Vigil is one of the dec delphia Black Panther Party recently Independent Precinct Organization. Raza Unida Party, was among fendants charged following the announced that it would begin regu­ In Boston, farm workers support those who marched from Greeley. March 16. police attack on the Cru­ lar picketing of A& P stores in north activity has made a big impact on the Speaking as an individual, Cal- sade. Philadelphia and urged others to do Continued on page 22

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