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Computer-Assisted Composition a Short Historical Review
MUMT 303 New Media Production II Charalampos Saitis Winter 2010 Computer-Assisted Composition A short historical review Computer-assisted composition is considered amongst the major musical developments that characterized the twentieth century. The quest for ‘new music’ started with Erik Satie and the early electronic instruments (Telharmonium, Theremin), explored the use of electricity, moved into the magnetic tape recording (Stockhausen, Varese, Cage), and soon arrived to the computer era. Computers, science, and technology promised new perspectives into sound, music, and composition. In this context computer-assisted composition soon became a creative challenge – if not necessity. After all, composers were the first artists to make substantive use of computers. The first traces of computer-assisted composition are found in the Bells Labs, in the U.S.A, at the late 50s. It was Max Matthews, an engineer there, who saw the possibilities of computer music while experimenting on digital transmission of telephone calls. In 1957, the first ever computer programme to create sounds was built. It was named Music I. Of course, this first attempt had many problems, e.g. it was monophonic and had no attack or decay. Max Matthews went on improving the programme, introducing a series of programmes named Music II, Music III, and so on until Music V. The idea of unit generators that could be put together to from bigger blocks was introduced in Music III. Meanwhile, Lejaren Hiller was creating the first ever computer-composed musical work: The Illiac Suit for String Quartet. This marked also a first attempt towards algorithmic composition. A binary code was processed in the Illiac Computer at the University of Illinois, producing the very first computer algorithmic composition. -
University Microiilms, a XERQ\Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
71-18,075 RINEHART, John McLain, 1937- IVES' COMPOSITIONAL IDIOMS: AN INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED SHORT COMPOSITIONS AS MICROCOSMS' OF HIS MUSICAL LANGUAGE. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 Music University Microiilms, A XERQ\Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by John McLain Rinehart 1971 tutc nTccrSTATmil HAS fiEEM MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED IVES' COMPOSITIONAL IDIOMS: AM IMVESTIOAT10M OF SELECTED SHORT COMPOSITIONS AS MICROCOSMS OF HIS MUSICAL LANGUAGE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy 3n the Graduate School of The Ohio State University £ JohnfRinehart, A.B., M«M. # # * -k * * # The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by .s* ' ( y ^MrrXfOor School of Music ACm.WTji.D0F,:4ENTS Grateful acknov/ledgement is made to the library of the Yale School of Music for permission to make use of manuscript materials from the Ives Collection, I further vrish to express gratitude to Professor IJoman Phelps, whose wise counsel and keen awareness of music theory have guided me in thi3 project. Finally, I wish to acknowledge my wife, Jennifer, without whose patience and expertise this project would never have come to fruition. it VITA March 17, 1937 • ••••• Dorn - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1959 • • • • • .......... A#B#, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 1960-1963 . * ........... Instructor, Cleveland Institute of Music, Cleveland, Ohio 1 9 6 1 ................ • • • M.M., Cleveland Institute of ITu3ic, Cleveland, Ohio 1963-1970 .......... • • • Associate Professor of Music, Heidelberg College, Tiffin, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Credo, for unaccompanied chorus# New York: Plymouth Music Company, 1969. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Theory and Composition Studies in Theory# Professor Norman Phelps Studies in Musicology# Professors Richard Hoppin and Lee Rigsby ill TAPLE OF CC NTEKTS A C KI JO WLE DGEME MT S ............................................... -
Chuck: a Strongly Timed Computer Music Language
Ge Wang,∗ Perry R. Cook,† ChucK: A Strongly Timed and Spencer Salazar∗ ∗Center for Computer Research in Music Computer Music Language and Acoustics (CCRMA) Stanford University 660 Lomita Drive, Stanford, California 94306, USA {ge, spencer}@ccrma.stanford.edu †Department of Computer Science Princeton University 35 Olden Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA [email protected] Abstract: ChucK is a programming language designed for computer music. It aims to be expressive and straightforward to read and write with respect to time and concurrency, and to provide a platform for precise audio synthesis and analysis and for rapid experimentation in computer music. In particular, ChucK defines the notion of a strongly timed audio programming language, comprising a versatile time-based programming model that allows programmers to flexibly and precisely control the flow of time in code and use the keyword now as a time-aware control construct, and gives programmers the ability to use the timing mechanism to realize sample-accurate concurrent programming. Several case studies are presented that illustrate the workings, properties, and personality of the language. We also discuss applications of ChucK in laptop orchestras, computer music pedagogy, and mobile music instruments. Properties and affordances of the language and its future directions are outlined. What Is ChucK? form the notion of a strongly timed computer music programming language. ChucK (Wang 2008) is a computer music program- ming language. First released in 2003, it is designed to support a wide array of real-time and interactive Two Observations about Audio Programming tasks such as sound synthesis, physical modeling, gesture mapping, algorithmic composition, sonifi- Time is intimately connected with sound and is cation, audio analysis, and live performance. -
MUSIC 214 Is a Course That Further Explores Chromatic Harmony and Introduces the Student to 20Th Century Compositional Techniques
COURSE OUTLINE : MUSIC 214 D Credit – Degree Applicable COURSE ID 010231 AUGUST 2020 COURSE DISCIPLINE : MUSIC COURSE NUMBER : 214 COURSE TITLE (FULL) : Harmony IV COURSE TITLE (SHORT) : Harmony IV CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM C-ID : MUS 150 – Harmony IV CATALOG DESCRIPTION MUSIC 214 is a course that further explores chromatic harmony and introduces the student to 20th century compositional techniques. Emphasis is placed on Neapolitan, augmented-sixth, tall, added sixth and altered dominant chords, and modulation to distantly-related keys. Students compose examples of the music concepts being studied. 20th compositional techniques covered in MUSIC 214 include impressionism, tone rows, pandiatonicism, polytonalism, and advanced approaches to meter and rhythm. Total Lecture Units: 3.00 Total Laboratory Units: 0.00 Total Course Units: 3.00 Total Lecture Hours: 54.00 Total Laboratory Hours: 0.00 Total Laboratory Hours To Be Arranged: 0.00 Total Contact Hours: 54.00 Total Out-of-Class Hours: 108.00 Prerequisite: MUSIC 213 or equivalent. Corequisite: MUSIC 204. GLENDALE COMMUNITY COLLEGE --FOR COMPLETE OUTLINE OF RECORD SEE GCC WEBCMS DATABASE-- Page 1 of 5 COURSE OUTLINE : MUSIC 214 D Credit – Degree Applicable COURSE ID 010231 AUGUST 2020 ENTRY STANDARDS Subject Number Title Description Include 1 MUSIC 213 Harmony III Identify and write secondary/applied and Yes borrowed chords; 2 MUSIC 213 Harmony III realize figured bass lines using secondary Yes chords, sequences, and modulation; 3 MUSIC 213 Harmony III conduct intermediate to advance -
Nationalism, Primitivism, & Neoclassicism
Nationalism, Primitivism, & Neoclassicism" Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)! Biographical sketch:! §" Born in St. Petersburg, Russia.! §" Studied composition with “Mighty Russian Five” composer Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov.! §" Emigrated to Switzerland (1910) and France (1920) before settling in the United States during WW II (1939). ! §" Along with Arnold Schönberg, generally considered the most important composer of the first half or the 20th century.! §" Works generally divided into three style periods:! •" “Russian” Period (c.1907-1918), including “primitivist” works! •" Neoclassical Period (c.1922-1952)! •" Serialist Period (c.1952-1971)! §" Died in New York City in 1971.! Pablo Picasso: Portrait of Igor Stravinsky (1920)! Ballets Russes" History:! §" Founded in 1909 by impresario Serge Diaghilev.! §" The original company was active until Diaghilev’s death in 1929.! §" In addition to choreographing works by established composers (Tschaikowsky, Rimsky- Korsakov, Borodin, Schumann), commissioned important new works by Debussy, Satie, Ravel, Prokofiev, Poulenc, and Stravinsky.! §" Stravinsky composed three of his most famous and important works for the Ballets Russes: L’Oiseau de Feu (Firebird, 1910), Petrouchka (1911), and Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring, 1913).! §" Flamboyant dancer/choreographer Vaclav Nijinsky was an important collaborator during the early years of the troupe.! ! Serge Diaghilev (1872-1929) ! Ballets Russes" Serge Diaghilev and Igor Stravinsky.! Stravinsky with Vaclav Nijinsky as Petrouchka (Paris, 1911).! Ballets -
Chunking: a New Approach to Algorithmic Composition of Rhythm and Metre for Csound
Chunking: A new Approach to Algorithmic Composition of Rhythm and Metre for Csound Georg Boenn University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Fine Arts, Music Department [email protected] Abstract. A new concept for generating non-isochronous musical me- tres is introduced, which produces complete rhythmic sequences on the basis of integer partitions and combinatorics. It was realized as a command- line tool called chunking, written in C++ and published under the GPL licence. Chunking 1 produces scores for Csound2 and standard notation output using Lilypond3. A new shorthand notation for rhythm is pre- sented as intermediate data that can be sent to different backends. The algorithm uses a musical hierarchy of sentences, phrases, patterns and rhythmic chunks. The design of the algorithms was influenced by recent studies in music phenomenology, and makes references to psychology and cognition as well. Keywords: Rhythm, NI-Metre, Musical Sentence, Algorithmic Compo- sition, Symmetry, Csound Score Generators. 1 Introduction There are a large number of powerful tools that enable algorithmic composition with Csound: CsoundAC [8], blue[11], or Common Music[9], for example. For a good overview about the subject, the reader is also referred to the book by Nierhaus[7]. This paper focuses on a specific algorithm written in C++ to produce musical sentences and to generate input files for Csound and lilypond. Non-isochronous metres (NI metres) are metres that have different beat lengths, which alternate in very specific patterns. They have been analyzed by London[5] who defines them with a series of well-formedness rules. With the software presented in this paper (from now on called chunking) it is possible to generate NI metres. -
Contributors to This Issue
Contributors to this Issue Stuart I. Feldman received an A.B. from Princeton in Astrophysi- cal Sciences in 1968 and a Ph.D. from MIT in Applied Mathemat- ics in 1973. He was a member of technical staf from 1973-1983 in the Computing Science Research center at Bell Laboratories. He has been at Bellcore in Morristown, New Jersey since 1984; he is now division manager of Computer Systems Research. He is Vice Chair of ACM SIGPLAN and a member of the Technical Policy Board of the Numerical Algorithms Group. Feldman is best known for having written several important UNIX utilities, includ- ing the MAKE program for maintaining computer programs and the first portable Fortran 77 compiler (F77). His main technical interests are programming languages and compilers, software confrguration management, software development environments, and program debugging. He has worked in many computing areas, including aþbraic manipulation (the portable Altran sys- tem), operating systems (the venerable Multics system), and sili- con compilation. W. Morven Gentleman is a Principal Research Oftcer in the Com- puting Technology Section of the National Research Council of Canada, the main research laboratory of the Canadian govern- ment. He has a B.Sc. (Hon. Mathematical Physics) from McGill University (1963) and a Ph.D. (Mathematics) from princeton University (1966). His experience includes 15 years in the Com- puter Science Department at the University of Waterloo, ûve years at Bell Laboratories, and time at the National Physical Laboratories in England. His interests include software engi- neering, embedded systems, computer architecture, numerical analysis, and symbolic algebraic computation. He has had a long term involvement with program portability, going back to the Altran symbolic algebra system, the Bell Laboratories Library One, and earlier. -
Musicianship IV Syllabus
University of Missouri-Kansas City Conservatory of Music and Dance CONS 242: Musicianship IV Spring 2015 Credit hours: 4.0 CRN: 17576 Instructor: Dr. David Thurmaier, Associate Professor of Music Theory Office: 302 Grant Hall Phone: 235-2898 Email: [email protected] Office Hours: M, T, W from 10-10:50 and by appointment Teaching Assistant: Taylor Carmona Office: 304 Grant Hall Email: [email protected] Catalog Description Continuation of CONS 241. Study of late-nineteenth century chromaticism and analytical and compositional methods of twentieth and twenty-first century music, including set theory and twelve-tone theory. Particular attention is given to the development of critical writing skills and the creation of stylistic compositions. Prerequisite: CONS 241 Meeting Time and Location Monday-Friday, 9-9:50 am, Grant Hall 122 Required Materials Kostka, Stefan and Roger Graybill. Anthology of Music for Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Laitz, Steven G., The Complete Musician: An Integrated Approach to Tonal Theory, Analysis, and Listening. 3rd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Roig-Francolí, Miguel. Understanding Post-Tonal Music (text and anthology). Boston: McGraw Hill, 2007. Notebook, music paper and pens/pencils In addition, you will be required to use the Finale notation program (or equivalent) for composition assignments. This is available for personal purchase at a substantial student discount http://www.finalemusic.com. I recommend against using such free programs as Notepad, as you are not able to take advantage of the many features of Finale. Continual failure to purchase and/or bring required books will result in deductions on homework or exams. -
1 a NEW MUSIC COMPOSITION TECHNIQUE USING NATURAL SCIENCE DATA D.M.A Document Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requiremen
A NEW MUSIC COMPOSITION TECHNIQUE USING NATURAL SCIENCE DATA D.M.A Document Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joungmin Lee, B.A., M.M. Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2019 D.M.A. Document Committee Dr. Thomas Wells, Advisor Dr. Jan Radzynski Dr. Arved Ashby 1 Copyrighted by Joungmin Lee 2019 2 ABSTRACT The relationship of music and mathematics are well documented since the time of ancient Greece, and this relationship is evidenced in the mathematical or quasi- mathematical nature of compositional approaches by composers such as Xenakis, Schoenberg, Charles Dodge, and composers who employ computer-assisted-composition techniques in their work. This study is an attempt to create a composition with data collected over the course 32 years from melting glaciers in seven areas in Greenland, and at the same time produce a work that is expressive and expands my compositional palette. To begin with, numeric values from data were rounded to four-digits and converted into frequencies in Hz. Moreover, the other data are rounded to two-digit values that determine note durations. Using these transformations, a prototype composition was developed, with data from each of the seven Greenland-glacier areas used to compose individual instrument parts in a septet. The composition Contrast and Conflict is a pilot study based on 20 data sets. Serves as a practical example of the methods the author used to develop and transform data. One of the author’s significant findings is that data analysis, albeit sometimes painful and time-consuming, reduced his overall composing time. -
A Stylistic and Analytical Study of Concerto No.2 for Piano And
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2002 A stylistic and analytical study of Concerto No.2 for Piano and Orchestra, Op.33, by Lee Hoiby Ji-Won Mun Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Mun, Ji-Won, "A stylistic and analytical study of Concerto No.2 for Piano and Orchestra, Op.33, by Lee Hoiby" (2002). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1027. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1027 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. A STYLISTIC AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CONCERTO NO. 2 FOR PIANO AND ORCHESTRA, OP. 33, BY LEE HOIBY A Monograph Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in The School of Music By Ji-Won Mun B.M., Pusan National University, 1996 M.M., Louisiana State University, 1999 May 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to the members of my committee--Professor Constance Carroll, Dr. Jeffrey Perry, Professor Michael Gurt, and Dr. Jennifer Hayghe--for their support throughout this project. I would especially like to thank Dr. Perry and Dr. Hayghe for providing expert advice, insightful editing, and constant encouragement. -
Composing Interactions
Composing Interactions Giacomo Lepri Master Thesis Instruments & Interfaces STEIM - Institute of Sonology Royal Conservatoire in The Hague The Netherlands May 2016 “Any musical innovation is full of danger to the whole State, and ought to be prohibited. (...) When modes of music change, the State always change with them. (...) Little by little this spirit of licence, finding a home, imperceptibly penetrates into manners and customs; whence, issuing with greater force, it invades contracts between man and man, and from contracts goes on to laws and constitutions, in utter recklessness, ending at last, by an overthrow of all rights, private as well as public.” Plato, The Republic 1 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my family. Their love, support and advice are the most precious gifts I ever received. Thanks to Joel Ryan & Kristina Andersen, for their ability to convey the magic, make visible the invisible and p(l)ay attention. Thanks to Richard Barrett, for his musical sensitivity, artistic vision and gathering creativity. Thanks to Peter Pabon, for his outstanding teachings, competences and support. Thanks to Johan van Kreij, for his important practical and conceptual advises, suggestions and reflections. Thanks to Alberto Boem & Dan Gibson, for the fruitful and worthwhile discussion that produced many of the concepts introduced in chapter 2. Thanks to Kees Tazelaar, for the passion, foresight and expertise that characterise his work. Thanks to all the people that contribute to the Institute of Sonology and STEIM. Thanks to their ability to valorise the past and project the future. Thanks to my fellow students Semay and Ivan, for the joy and sharing. -
Stravinsky and the Octatonic: a Reconsideration
Stravinsky and the Octatonic: A Reconsideration Dmitri Tymoczko Recent and not-so-recent studies by Richard Taruskin, Pieter lary, nor that he made explicit, conscious use of the scale in many van den Toorn, and Arthur Berger have called attention to the im- of his compositions. I will, however, argue that the octatonic scale portance of the octatonic scale in Stravinsky’s music.1 What began is less central to Stravinsky’s work than it has been made out to as a trickle has become a torrent, as claims made for the scale be. In particular, I will suggest that many instances of purported have grown more and more sweeping: Berger’s initial 1963 article octatonicism actually result from two other compositional tech- described a few salient octatonic passages in Stravinsky’s music; niques: modal use of non-diatonic minor scales, and superimposi- van den Toorn’s massive 1983 tome attempted to account for a tion of elements belonging to different scales. In Part I, I show vast swath of the composer’s work in terms of the octatonic and that the rst of these techniques links Stravinsky directly to the diatonic scales; while Taruskin’s even more massive two-volume language of French Impressionism: the young Stravinsky, like 1996 opus echoed van den Toorn’s conclusions amid an astonish- Debussy and Ravel, made frequent use of a variety of collections, ing wealth of musicological detail. These efforts aim at nothing including whole-tone, octatonic, and the melodic and harmonic less than a total reevaluation of our image of Stravinsky: the com- minor scales.