Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Initial Environmental Examination

Project number: 41220-013 September 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Subproject: Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath, Lubuagan, Kalinga

Prepared by the Municipality of Lubuagan, Province of Kalinga for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 August 2019) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01941 $1.00 = PhP 51.505

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BUB Bottom-Up Budgeting CHARMP2 Second Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management Project CNC Certificate of Non Coverage CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DA Department of Agriculture DED Detail Engineering Design DENR Department Of Environment And Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EHSM Environmental Health And Safety Manager EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist FMR Farm to Market Road GAD Gender And Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IROW Infrastructure Right of Way LGU Local Government Unit MDC Municipal Development Council MPN Most Probable Number NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines NCB National Competitive Bidding NECA Non Environmental Critical Area NECP Non Environmental Critical Project NIA National Irrigation Administration NOL No Objection Letter NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP National Road Improvement and Management Program NRM Natural Resources Management OMC Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous and Contractor’s PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement PDR Project Description Report

ii PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPCO Provincial Project Coordination Offices RPMO Regional Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWD Persons With Disability RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right of Way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD Standard Bidding Document SEMS Social and Environmental Management Systems SPMU Subproject Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Safeguards Specialist TA Technical Assistance TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates WMA Watershed Management Area WMC Watershed Management Council WMPCO Watershed Management And Project Coordination Offices

iii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – Hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level Mm – millimeter mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – Percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 2 A. Environmental Clearance Requirements ...... 2 1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 2 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 4 A. Overview ...... 4 B. Project Location ...... 4 C. Project Rationale ...... 5 D. Project Development Plan ...... 6 1. Project Components ...... 6 2. Description of the Project Phases ...... 7 E. Manpower Requirements ...... 8 F. Project Cost ...... 8 G. Project Duration and Schedule ...... 9 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 10 A. Elevation and Slope ...... 10 B. Climate ...... 10 C. Soil Types ...... 11 D. Land Use ...... 11 E. Hydrology ...... 13 F. Water Quality ...... 13 G. Water Sources ...... 14 H. Flora and Fauna ...... 14 1. Flora Characteristics ...... 15 2. Fauna Characteristics ...... 15 I. Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 15 1. Demographic Characteristics ...... 15 2. Basic Social Services ...... 16 3. Economic Situation ...... 17 4. Income and Expenditures...... 17 5. Present Transport System...... 18 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 19 a. Pre-Construction ...... 20 1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ...... 20 2. Identification and establishment of the route or the stretch of the project ...... 21 3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work ...... 21 4. Recruitment of workers ...... 21 b. Construction ...... 21 1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ...... 21 2. Clearing and removal of obstructions ...... 21 3. Soil erosion ...... 22 4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing footsteps/footpath ...... 22 5. Civil works ...... 22 6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure...... 22 7. Implementation of spoil management and control measure ...... 23 8. Solid and liquid construction waste management system...... 23 9. Water Quality ...... 23 10. Workers health, safety and hygiene ...... 23 11. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ...... 24 12. Damaged to properties ...... 24 13. Concrete washout ...... 24 14. Use of Hazardous Substances ...... 24 v 15. Public safety ...... 25 c. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase ...... 25 1. Operation of upgraded access road ...... 25 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 25 A. Stakeholder Consultations ...... 25 B. Information Disclosure ...... 27 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 27 A. Grievance among IPs ...... 28 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 29 A. Implementation Arrangements ...... 29 B. Environmental Mitigation ...... 30 C. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 39 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...... 41 A. Conclusion ...... 41 B. Recommendation ...... 42

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary list of ECP types and ECA categories ...... 2 Table 2: Preliminary cost estimate on major scope of works...... 8 Table 3: Indicative subproject implementation schedule ...... 9 Table 4: Result of the water analysis at the Surung Watershed Management Unit ...... 13 Table 5: 2015 population per sex per sitio ...... 15 Table 6: Projected population for the next 10 years ...... 16 Table 7: Income distribution by household ...... 18 Table 8: Household expenditures ...... 18 Table 9: Assessment of potential environmental impacts ...... 19 Table 10: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Improvement of Kela- Bangtitan-Bacao- Duya-as Footpath ...... 26 Table 11: Responsibilities for EMP implementation ...... 29 Table 12: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 30 Table 13: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 40

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Lubuagan Municipal Map and Road ...... 5 Figure 2: Elevation and slope of proposed footpath subproject ...... 10 Figure 3: Present day climate in Lubuagan, Mountain Province ...... 11 Figure 4: Soil type map of the municipality of Lubuagan ...... 12 Figure 5: River network of the Municipality of Lubuagan ...... 14

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: A copy of the Payment for CNC Application ...... 45 Appendix 2: Post Activity Report – Validation of Proposed Subproject ...... 46 Appendix 3: Pictures of the Footpath for Improvement ...... 47 Appendix 4: Barangay Consultation/Orientation Documentation ...... 48 Appendix 5: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject ...... 63 Appendix 6: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Subproject ...... 64 Appendix 7: Grievance Intake Form ...... 66 Appendix 8: Executive order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit ...... 69 Appendix 9: Certification of No Trees to be affected…………………………………………....72

vii

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared as part of the Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policy Statement for the Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan- Bacao-Duya-as Footpath in Upper Uma, Lubuagan, Kalinga Province. This Sub-project is the concreting of an existing footpath with an estimated length of two thousand six hundred (2,600) meters. The main proponent of the project is the Local Government Unit of Lubuagan, Kalinga assisted by the Department of Agriculture – Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project. The LGU will implement the subproject led by the Municipal Engineer’s Office. 2. The objective of the proposed Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath is to uplift the social and economic condition of the community through the provision of all- year-round safe access. 3. The Sub-project was categorized as Environment Category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other footpath project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of barangay Upper Uma and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different sub-project phases and formulation of corresponding mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Lubuagan with the cooperation of RPCO, PMU, WMCO and POs. 4. The total cost of the subproject is Five Million Pesos (PhP 5,000,000.00). Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 88% of the total Subproject Cost will be covered by the Project (INREMP) and the remaining 12% will be borne by LGU Lubuagan as cash equity counterpart. 5. Major land use along the proposed project is agriculture. None of the sub-project areas are located near or within ecologically sensitive areas. 6. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns considering that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing footpath and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. 7. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A public consultation at Barangay Upper Uma confirmed that the Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath is essential for social and economic development. 8. A grievance redress mechanism shall be established by the LGU of Lubuagan to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed. 9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU through its Municipal Planning and 1

Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in the bid and contract documents for detailed design, project supervision and civil works. During construction, they will closely conduct monitoring the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. Environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure. 10. The major positive impact of the project will be economic and better accessibility. The subproject will directly benefit people located in the barangay. 11. This Sub-project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP. II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

12. According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary list of ECP types and ECA categories

A. List of ECPs As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants 2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects) 3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots 3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna) 4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests

5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes 6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.) 7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers 10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities 11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood. 12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

13. Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into 3 major groups: • Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). • Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘ based on the size of the project (Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non Coverage’. • Group III (Non Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

14. This subproject is an improvement of existing barangay footpath access which falls under the group of Category B. Given that the subproject is the rehabilitation of access footpath with no more than 50% increase in capacity, a Certificate of Non-coverage (CNC) was requested by the LGU to the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB). A copy of the payment for CNC application is attached (Appendix 1).

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

15. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into 3

account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the three (3) environmental categories (A, B, C, FI) as follows:  Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.  Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.  Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.  Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

16. According to Philippines environmental guidelines, the subproject is considered under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Overview

17. The general objective of the proposed Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya- as Footpath is to facilitate the delivery of basic services as well as to improve the social and economic condition of the community through the provision of all-year-round safe access. Specifically, it aims to provide safer access to all users especially to children, pupils, elderly, teachers, pregnant mothers, farmers, and differently-abled persons with the concreting of footpath and installation of handrails. The proposed project will traverse to the Uma Elementary School thus will provide a safer and better access for the pupils and teachers. It also aims to increase economic opportunities within the barangay by decreasing time and making it easier for manual hauling.

B. Project Location

18. The project is located at Barangay Upper Uma. Said barangay is one of the 9 barangays of Lubuagan municipality. Barangay Upper Uma has a total land area of 7,250.40 4

hectares classified into forest land, agricultural land, and residential land. It lies on the western part of Lubuagan and bounded on the north by barangay Western Uma, Lower Uma, and Dangoy, south by barangay Mabilong, East by barangay Poblacion,Dangoy Mabilong, and Barangay Mabilong and Province of Abra in the west.

19. The project location is accessible only through footpaths which interlink the three (3) sitios of barangay Upper Uma namely Bangtitan, Duya-as, and Magmag-an.

Figure 1: Lubuagan Municipal Map and Road

C. Project Rationale

20. Barangay Upper ranked no. 2 as the poorest barangay in Lubuagan, as per the result of 2015 Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS). This may be attributed to the physical location of the barangay and its inaccessibility from the town center. The footpath going to the barangay is slippery both during dry season and wet season because of the type of the terrain and soil in the area. 21. Economic activities are limited because of the issues in accessibility. Most often, the farmers limit their production for their own consumption and items sold in the stores are very limited and expensive because of the costly manual hauling. 22. Barangay Upper Uma is primarily agricultural. Production of rice, both commercial variety and heirloom rice are very much viable in the area because of the irrigated rice paddies and ample supply of water. Production of legumes and root crops may also be enhanced with the available fertile agricultural areas within the barangay. Coffee production 5

is also common in the area. Soft broom makers and blacksmiths are very common in the area. Almost all households are engage in tiger grass production and soft broom industry. 23. At present, there is no road going to barangay Upper Uma. Its main access is footpath via Kela, Lower Uma or via Awichon, Dangoy. Thus, this project is proposed.

D. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

Design Consideration

24. The proposed subproject, Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath will have a total length of 2.6 kilometers with a design width of 0.90 meter with a total project area of 2,340 m². The route will start at Kela of Barangay Lower Uma station 0+000 towards Barangay Upper Uma at station 2+600.

Design and Specifications 25. The construction works and specification of materials shall comply with engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Materials as quantified and estimated (cost) are assumed to be available at Tabuk City. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the subproject will be through national competitive bidding (NCB). Specified hereunder are the items of works to wit:

 Clearing and Grubbing This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation and debris as designated in the Contract, except those objects that are designated to remain in place or are to be removed in consonance with other provisions of this Specification. The works shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all objects designated to remain.

 Structure Excavation

Structure excavation shall be made to meet established design, grade, elevation or dimensions on plans.

The contractor shall clear all bushes within the contract limits and suitably dispose off to the designated areas.

The contractor shall exercise extreme precautions and perform safety measures during the excavation.

Any existing properties shall be suitably protected. If damaged by the contractor, property shall be repaired by him to the satisfaction of the owner.

 Structural Concrete

This Item shall consist of furnishing, bending, placing and finishing concrete in all structures except pavements in accordance with this specification and conforming

to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the Plans. Concrete shall consist of a mixture of Portland Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, admixture when specified, and water mixed in the proportions specified or approved by the Engineer. - Concrete mixture shall be class “B” with a compressive 1:2.5:5 with a compressive strength of 2500 psi @14 days curing period - Forms shall be firmly in contact with the foundation and shall not deviate from the true line by more than one cm. at any point. - Forms shall remain in place undisturbed for not less than 24 hours after concrete pouring. - Payment for pavement with deficient thickness and strength shall be based on DPWH standard and specifications.

 Grouted Riprap Class A

Stone boulders and aggregates must be hard, durable, free form dirt and other foreign materials that are injurious to concrete. Stone weight must be ranging from 15-25 kilograms with at least 50% of the stones weighing more than 20 kilograms.

Provide 4” diameter PVC weep holes at 1.00 m O.C.

Mortar mixture shall be one part of cement to three parts sand

 Fabrication and Installation of Railings Railings shall be 1” GI pipe schedule 40

2. Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase/Pre-Development Phase

26. The pre-construction phase involves the social preparation of the community for the entry of the project to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of canal systems, preparation of the detailed engineering plans and programs of work, ROW negotiation if there be issues, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, DA-INREMP staff, community beneficiaries especially the Peoples’ organizations and contractors.

b. Construction/Development Phase 27. The construction phase involves the mobilization of construction workers and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end with the demobilization of construction workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community residents under the close supervision of the DA-CHARMs technical staff.

c. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase 28. The phase involves the actual maintenance of the proposed footpath during its expected economic life. Monitoring tools and parameters will be set forth in the MOA that the LGU and DA will sign to ensure sustainability of the constructed facility. The specific monitoring items and parameters, location and frequency, monitoring responsibilities and sources of budget are presented in the EIAMMP.

d. Abandonment Phase 29. This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard. 30. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left over sand and gravel, steel materials and lumber.

E. Manpower Requirements

31. Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby barangays. 32. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed subproject. 33. The Contractor shall employ quality and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the subproject.

F. Project Cost

34. The Subproject Cost as estimated has the total amount of Php 5,000,000.00 which includes the costs for the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (composed of material + labor + equipment) (Table 2). Said Direct Cost has an amount of Php 3,741,316.63. The OCM (Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous) and Contractor’s Profit will be 15% and 10% of the direct cost, respectively. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 5% as required by the national government. See table below for the summary of the preliminary cost estimate.

Table 2: Preliminary cost estimate on major scope of works ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY UNIT COST COST Removal Of Structure 101 sq.m And Obstruction 9 1,572.40 14293.116 103 Structural Excavation cu.m 52 452.51 23,530.52 105 Subgrade Perparation sq.m 3,187 25.84 82,352.08 8

404 Reinforcing Steel Bars kgs 1,254 84.53 106,036.12 Structural Concrete( 405a Class A)(Footbridge) cu.m 8.62 38,036.78 327,991.11 Structural Concrete( 405b Class B) cu.m 242.3 9,606.15 2,327,088.99 505 Grouted Riprap cu.m 192.72 7,634.87 1,471,392.47 Fabrication And SPL. Installation Of Railings lot 1 630,392.96 630,392.96 SPL. A Project Billboard lot 1 3,690.24 3,690.24 SPL. Construction Safety B And Health lot 1 30,478.74 30,478.74 Total 5,017,246.35 say 5,000,000.00

35. Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 88% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project (INREMP) equivalent to Php 4,400,000.00 and the remaining 12% will be borne by LGU Lubuagan as cash equity counterpart. The amount of equity counterpart based from the presented subproject cost above is Php 600,000.00

G. Project Duration and Schedule

36. After the conduct of technical assistance to partner LGUs in November 2017, the LGU technical staff started the preparation and completion of the SPD. The completed SPD will be submitted to DA-INREMP for review and concurrence. When found substantial, it will be endorsed to the ADB for the request of NOL which is targeted on the last quarter of 2018. During these stages, the DED is simultaneously being prepared by the LGU Engineering Office and is expected to be final and complete on or before the time of the ADB NOL. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved.

37. Procurement Procurement period may start on March 2019 and shall take 10 to 12 weeks to comply with the ADB Procurement Guidelines, thus the subproject is expected to be awarded within the month of May 2019. Construction will take 180 calendar days. After the completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents before the year ends and the turn-over ceremonies shall also take place at the same time.

Table 3: Indicative subproject implementation schedule

Subproject Milestones 2018 2019 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Ocular Inspection, Validation, Geotagging SPD Preparation DED Preparation SPD Review and Approval Preparation of Bidding Documents Procurement Stage Construction Stage Completion and Turn Over O&M Activity 9

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Elevation and Slope

38. The topography of barangay Upper Uma is a rugged mountain terrain characterized by rolling to moderately sloping areas utilized for ricefields, vegetable gardens, and residential purposes. Sitio Magmag-an has the highest elevation of 1,700 m above sea level. Sitio Duya-as is located at 1,045 m asl while Sitio Bangtitan is located at 800-1,000 m asl. 39. In particular, the elevation of the proposed footpath rehabilitation ranges from 890 m asl to 930 m asl with an average slope of 11.9 %. Further details are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Elevation and slope of proposed footpath subproject

B. Climate

40. According to Corona’s Classification, the municipality of Lubuagan has a Type III climate which means seasons are not very pronounced relatively dry from November to April and wet during rest of the year. Dry season starts from January to June while wet season starts from July to December. The coldest months are November and December, while the warmest months are March, April, and May. Typhoons occur during the months or period from July to November. 41. In Lubuagan, the average annual temperature is 22.4 °C. The month of June is the warmest month with an average 19.3 °C. The month of January is the coldest month with average temperature of 15.1 °C. 42. Rainfall is significant most months of the year, and short dry season has little effect. In a year, the average rainfall is about 3,000 mm. The driest month is February. Highest rainfall normally occurred in November (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Present day climate in Lubuagan, Mountain Province

C. Soil Types

43. Soil classification of barangay Mabongtot is composed mainly of clay, sandy soil, loam soil, and clay loam. The soil depth is usually 1 meter before reaching the stoney and rocky layer of the soil as per PIP. The soil in the area belongs to the antipolo series, most part have dark color which is loam soil, some part have brown color, soil texture varies upon the slope landform and strata location, the surface soil located along the valley area of silty clay loam while those of higher portion are clayey, the subsoil in all location, clayey.

D. Land Use

44. The land use of barangay Upper Uma are as follows. Residential use, which is 0.10%, pertains to areas where the family dwellings are built (locally known as sa-ad) or the area (boboloy) where the cluster of dwellings which comprise the village is located. The residential areas are relatively of flat terrain. Clustering of houses is made imperative by security reasons. The forest (70%) pertains to areas inclusive of mountain ranges, ridges, and wood lots which provide the village with forest product and, are, therefore basically of lush vegetation. However, within the barangay’s forest are production areas: the uma or kaingin where farmers grow cash crops such as legumes, upland rice, vegetable, and root 11

crops. The pasture land areas (4%) pertain to areas where community graze their large animals particularly carabao and cattle because of bountiful grass. The agricultural area (2%) pertains to manually-constructed rice paddies along the mountain sides. The grassland area (24%) pertains to open/denuded areas in the forest production area because of kaingin and which is undergoing a fallow period, thus looks barren without any intensive farming activity being done on it. Water bodies (0.04%) pertains to rivers and creeks or those used as source of fresh water for fish and irrigation. 45. In general, the whole area covered by thick forest in the barangay form part of the watershed area – the Surung Watershed Management Unit. 46. It must be noted that no houses present within the 5-10 meters range on both sides of the proposed footpath access. The location is an open area and will not traverse any structure. There are also no trees, crops and other assets encroachment at the easement and right of way of the footpath. The actual land use types along this proposed subproject are mostly agricultural lands planted of heirloom rice, legumes, root crops, and tiger grass.

Figure 4: Soil type map of the municipality of Lubuagan

E. Hydrology

47. The proposed footpath is within the Surung Watershed. As mentioned in the report of DENR INREMP characterization research, the Surung Watershed Management Unit is one of the tributary of the Upper Chico River. It is the 3rd largest area among the eight watershed within the Upper Chico river basin which occupying 15% of the URB total area. Surung Watershed Management Unit has an accumulated discharge of 56 cubic meters per second.

F. Water Quality

48. The proposed footpath is adjacent and eventually cross to the main stream of the Chico River. The upper rivers remain no water classification in pursuant to DAO No. 34, Series of 1990 and DENR Memorandum Circular No. 09, Series of 2001. In accordance with the Manual of Procedure for Water Classification, the rivers within Surung Watershed are assumed to be Class A waters since most of the upstream stations are under this classification. “Class A” waters are for public water supply, which is usually sources of water supply that will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) in order to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water. 49. Physical examinations of the waters of the Surung Watershed were based on the Philippine National Standard for Drinking and were collected from the six (6) established water sampling points (Table 5). All the major tributaries and inlets and outlets of the Surung Watershed, along Chico River, are not contaminated with the effect of physical pollutants as shown from the normal results of pH range, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and total solids. However, the river is not recommended for bathing especially for individuals with wounds unless water is treated with chlorine. Table 4: Result of the water analysis at the Surung Watershed Management Unit

Parameters Station Location Total suspended Total dissolved mark pH Total solids, ppm solids, ppm solids, ppm Chico River 1 (Brgy. Poblacion 8.38 13 203 216 Tinglayan) Pasil River 2 (Sitio Mosimus Dupag 6.26 30 359 389 Tabuk) Chico River 3 (Sitio Mosimus Dupag 7.98 22 228 250 Tabuk) Chico River 4 (Brgy. Ambato 8.03 15 231 246 Tinglayan) Bunog River 5 (Brgy. Poblacion 7.31 25 341 366 Tinglayan) Chico River 6 7.21 29 425 454 (Brgy. Dupag Tabuk) DENR Standards (Class A) 6.5 – 8.5 50 ppm - - Source : MGB-CAR, August 2016 report

G. Water Sources

50. The water sources of the barangay are springs of Pot-akan, Bomangeg, Allog, Tomog, Bellao, Botenya, Comang, Pokopok, Killoy, Kabulao, Mataliling, Bichok, Balicos, Maang-at, Lotmon, Saliyasi, Peyeg, Wa-in, Mabatin, Surung, Gonggonga-as, Langa-an, Toba, Beya-ay, Kabiggen, Sachingat, and Tagalakan. The other possible sources of water is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: River network of the Municipality of Lubuagan

H. Flora and Fauna

51. Barangay Upper Uma forest is rich in biodiversity just like any other barangay in the municipality of Lubuagan. It has forest classified as tropical montane rainforest with different species of trees and animals or biodiversity. Some of these trees are byakan, chogway, peyayon, biyanti, pakak, lupa, sabang, tabbog, sewi, lapadchik, isit, achamoy, and taggey. As per Upper Uma PIP, there are no government declared National Parks, Natural reserves, wildlife sanctuaries. Some of the forest products available in the locality includes, wild animals, birds, timber, bamboos, and fruits. Agroforestry is established near a forest with mixed plantations of coffee and other fruit trees.

52. The proposed footpath subproject is about 10 km away from the northern side of Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park. The staff of the DA-INREMP, LGU Lubuagan, and its consultants have conducted a field validation that there are no trees at the easement and right of way, and no endangered and critically endangered species of flora and fauna within the proposed footpath rehabilitation project during the field visit on June 19, 2018 (Appendix 2). However, there will only be a small portion of the crops that may be affected due to

clearing within the right of way of the proposed footpath access. Photographs are shown in Appendix 3. 1. Flora Characteristics

53. In Surung Watershed, vegetational analysis was conducted by DENR- CAR CENRO Tabuk staff 2013 to 2014 on different land covers to validate the land cover map, and analysis on biodiversity was done using quadrat method; 20 m x 20 m plots were established and subdivided into four sub-quadrats, measuring 5 m x 5 m, and line transect method. The vegetation based on Shannon’s diversity index is 2.8067, which means that there is moderate biodiversity in the area. Closed Forests are dominated by oak species; shrubland/brushlands are dominated by lantana species; and grasslands are dominated by cogon species.

2. Fauna Characteristics

54. Faunal species were assessed by DENR- CAR CENRO Tabuk staff 2013 to 2014 using site observation and focused group discussions. Results seem that the watershed is dominated by avian species, where in some are endemic to the area (Figure 6). Species of mammal, reptiles, and insect are also observed as dictated by seasonal changes and suitable natural conditions for food and habitation.

I. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Demographic Characteristics

55. Based on the 2015 result of CBMS survey, barangay Upper Uma has a total population of 892 and with a population density of 12 people per square kilometer. 56. Out of the 892 total population, 470 are male and 422 are female. It is composed of 166 households and with an average household size of 6. This total population is distributed to three (3) sitios or clustered houses. Here is the breakdown of 2015 population per sitio:

Table 5: 2015 population per sex per sitio Sitio Male Female Total Population Bangtitan 147 137 284 Duya-as 243 217 460 Magmag-an 80 68 148 Total 470 422 892 Source: 2015 CBMS

57. Meanwhile, with an average municipal growth rate of 0.42%, projected population of the barangay in the next ten (10) years is estimated to reach 1,123.

Table 6: Projected population for the next 10 years

58. With regard to ethnicity, about 98% of the total population of the barangay belongs to Kalinga Tribe with only 2% intermarried from other sub tribes.

2. Basic Social Services

2.1 Health Services

59. Barangay Upper Uma has no operational Barangay Health Station (BHS). Health services are being provided by a midwife hired by the MLGU of Lubuagan, barangay health workers (BHWs), and health personnel augmentation by the Department of Health (DOH) under the supervision of the Municipal Health Officer of Lubuagan at Lower Uma BHS. This BHS provides health services such as maternal care, child care, environmental and sanitations, nutrition, TB control, and other health program.

60. In cases of illnesses and situations beyond the capability of the BHS, the services of Lubuagan Municipal Health Office (MHO) and of the Kalinga District Hospital (KDH) are ready. These facilities are located at barangay Poblacion around 3 kilometers or 1 and half hour hike.

2.2 Water

61. Barangay Upper Uma is being supplied with domestic water from several protected springs. The spring (ubbog) is the source of potable water for the barangay. In Bangtitan, potable water is sourced from Battiway Spring and Tomog/Binologbolog Spring. However, supply of potable water supply is inadequate to provide so sitio need due to undeveloped spring or water sources such as Pot-akan and Dos-akan.

62. Most of the households access to potable water supply is at level II.

2.3 Education

63. As per records of the Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO), barangay Upper Uma has Uma Elementary School. Early childhood care is being served by a Day Care Centers at Bangtitan and Magmag-an, while DCC at Duya-as is not functional. Day Care services at Duya-as is being done at a private building in Duya-as. For High School and Senior High School students, the student from Upper Uma are enrolled at the Lubuagan National High School located at Roadside, Lower Uma. Students from Upper Uma will be traversing the proposed Footpath subproject.

3. Economic Situation

3.1 Agricultural Area

64. The major source of income in the barangay is agricultural production of rice, coffee, watercress, sayote, beans, and sweet potato which are being produce both for household consumption and for market. Tiger grass production is also considered a major crop in Upper Uma because there is deliberate planting/propagation and harvesting. Tiger grass is the basic raw material for soft broom which has a steady market in Kalinga Province and other centers. The average household farm size is 1.99 hectares but only 15.90% of it is devoted for staple food (rice) production. Significantly, 0.64 or 32.12% is devoted to tiger grass production and 0.45 hectare or 22.42% is devoted to coffee production. This means that coffee and tiger grass are the major cash crops of the barangay. 65. The agricultural produce are being hauled manually by farmers through comboy or porters from farm site to community and from community to Poblacion, the center of Lubuagan.

3.2 Agroforestry and Plantation Areas

66. The bya-ang is a mini –agroforestry practices by households. It is established by a family near their dwelling. The bya-ang is planted with coffee, orange, calamansi, banana, and interspersed with climbing vegetables.

3.3 Fisheries

67. The barangay relies on the aquatic bounty of the streams and brooks as open areas to catch local species of freshwater fish primarily for home consumption. The barangay use traditional methods which is locally available materials such as persu, bamboo fish line (bingwit), sakoy and manual draining of water. 68. An aggregated 6,986 square meters within the barangay confines is devoted to fishpond. The same are operated by more or less 34 households, Thus, each of the fishpond operators manages a fishpond with an average size of 205 square meters. 3.4 Commerce and Industry

69. To augment household income from agricultural production, majority of the households are engage in soft broom industry and black smiting while some are engage in sari-sari store.

3.5 Tourism

70. Barangay Upper Uma has a scenic view surrounded by rice terraces/paddies. However, there is no promoted agro-tourism. There is also no organized effort to promote eco-tourism sites in the barangay.

4. Income and Expenditures

4.1 Income Distribution by Household

71. The table below shows that majority of the household has monthly income ranging from 20,001-25000.

Table 7: Income distribution by household Annual Income Bracket No. of Households Percentage 65,001 & above 8 4.97 60,001-65,000 24 14.91 55,001-60,000 6 3.73 50,001-55,000 11 6.83 45,001-50,000 20 12.42 40-001-45,000 10 6.21 35,001-40,000 5 3.11 30,001-35,000 17 10.56 25,001-30,000 12 7.45 20,001-25,000 48 29.81 15,001-20,000 0 0 11,001-15,000 0 0 5,001-10,000 0 0 5,000 & below 0 0 Source: CHARMP2 PPIP

4.2 Household Expenditures

72. Although 89.16% of the total household are living below the poverty thresholds 0% experienced hunger due to food shortage (Table 8).

Table 8: Household expenditures Items Average Annual Expenditure Percentage Food 34,500.00 62.59 Clothing 2,936.00 5.33 Education 13,785.00 25.01 Medicine 3,900.00 7.08 Others - 0 Source: CHARMP2 PPIP

5. Present Transport System

73. At present there is no transport system going to Barangay Upper Uma. This barangay is only accessible by foot through earth footpath and steps that becomes slippery and unsafe during rainy seasons. However, road construction is ongoing through the initiatives of the Municipal Local Government Unit of Lubuagan through the DTI-DPWH convergence program.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

74. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing foot trail. There will only be localized short- term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by (i) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; (ii) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; (iii) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; (iv) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and (v) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

75. Meanwhile, environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures in each activity during project pre-construction, construction and operation phases are presented in Table 12. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VIII. 76. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will involve a minimal widening and alignment adjustments. Potential environmental impacts that could be expected from the Subproject are described in Table 9.

Table 9: Assessment of potential environmental impacts Potential Environmental Impacts or Clearing & Concrete Fabrication & Grouted Values the Subproject construction Grubbing Footsteps/Footpath Installation Riprap would likely create: of Handrails Land surface disturbance – surface Minor Minor None Minor scrapping, top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing Affects temporal water regime: decrease water quantity and quality and flow regularity or None None None None seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion Altered or impaired hydrology of the None None None None immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular stream flow Decrease in downstream natural None None None None resources’ economic and social values/uses Decrease site’s attraction in terms of losing some geological or geomorphological None None None None values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance Vegetation loss affecting rare species None None None None habitats, particularly of known local, national or international nature conservation importance, Adverse impact on local and transient None None None None fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation 19

Potential Environmental Impacts or Clearing & Concrete Fabrication & Grouted Values the Subproject construction Grubbing Footsteps/Footpath Installation Riprap would likely create: of Handrails importance. Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, None None None None weeds or rare diseases Frequent incurrence and increased None None None None intensity of grassfire Contamination of the immediate and/or Minor None None Minor broader environment cause by the storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works Air particulate emissions which may Minor Minor Minor Minor cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human health and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase Excessive solid waste accumulation Minor Minor Minor Minor during infrastructure construction Increase in noise and/or vibration during Minor Minor Minor Minor construction Unnatural lighting effects that may None None None None impact upon flora and fauna, or deplete the sense of naturalness of the area Natural landscape fragmentation and None None None None discontinuity Adverse impact on land use and the None None None None amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the integrity of agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on) Adverse impact on existing or potential None None None None recreational value and quality of known traditional experience associated to site natural setting Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ visual None None None None value and its surrounding area -from different vantage points Rating: None = no adverse impact; Minor = slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate = slight negative impact for a year but not damaging enough to cause ecological, health and economic disturbance.

77. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increased delivery of agricultural products, increased tourism, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved footsteps/footpath safety due to installation of safety signs, and others. 78. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

79. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’, and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

2. Identification and establishment of the route or the stretch of the project

80. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan. 3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

81. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject will be prepared by the LGU. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities. 82. The LGU will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision. 4. Recruitment of workers

83. The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

84. The contractors will source construction materials under their own arrangements. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could harm the environment particularly illegal gatherings of local materials such as lumber for forms work and collecting of stone for riprapping which may lead to soil erosion and disfigurements of the landscapes. 85. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works. 2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

86. The contractor will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing footpath which would result to have minor damage landscape. No trees will be affected during site preparation and ground clearing. 87. There are no encroachments of any residential houses or dwellings, businesses, or institutional structures found along the right of way of the proposed rehabilitation of access footpath. There are no house/ dwelling structures found on these areas. 88. The contractor will not use or permit the use of illegally gathered lumber as forms or scaffold during the entire construction period of the subproject.

3. Soil erosion

89. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed along subproject footsteps/footpath. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities should be taken up only during the dry season. 90. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures to minimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours. 4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing footsteps/footpath

91. During ground surface clearing and grubbing, the potential impacts would be minor and short-term to the earthly resources as well as to the quality of surface water downstream. The contractor will be required to do the following: 1) the construction site should be located away from production areas or rice fields, 2) all construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from production areas or rice fields, 3) no waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in production areas or rice fields, 4) erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion, 5) earthworks should be conducted during dry periods, 6) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters, 7) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 8) pit latrines to be located away from surface waters, 9) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, and 10) no use of heavy equipment at steep slopes. 5. Civil works

92. Since the subproject will only involve a 1-meter wide concreting of the existing footpath, no major side slope cutting and excavation is expected, the main impacts on land during construction are access problems. The contractor shall apply appropriate mitigating measures during concrete pavement activities such as 1) piling of aggregates at sites which should be used/or removed promptly, and 2) all materials and possible waste should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and other government regulations. 6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

93. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from the operation of construction equipment (if any) and dust generated from haul footpaths, unpaved footpaths, exposed soils and material stock piles. 94. In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and construction footpaths, 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, 3) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed, 4) backfill immediately after work is completed, 5) restrict working time between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm, 6) maintain equipment in proper working condition, 7) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use, and 8) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas if possible.

7. Implementation of spoil management and control measure

95. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will be disposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations. 8. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

96. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will be no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites. 9. Water Quality

97. This subproject has only minor potential impacts on water quality downstream. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, and 3) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.

10. Construction drainage system

98. The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding. 11. Workers health, safety and hygiene

99. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the creeks/ river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities. 100. Mitigation measures include: 1) sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors should be placed, 2) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, 3) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 4) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 5) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 6) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers, 7) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for

all construction workers, 8) adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 9) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, 10) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 11) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. 12. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

101. The proposed subproject has no direct or indirect impact to the ecological environment particularly flora and fauna, since the location of the project is far away from the whereabouts of this important forest species. Also, a Certification of no trees to be affected was released by CENRO Tabuk. The certification was based on the results of the joint validation between the DA-INREMP, MLGU, and DENR CENRO conducted on January 15, 2019 (see Appendix 9). 102. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals. 13. Damage to properties

103. Another potential impact during construction is damaged to properties (structures, irrigation, farmland) and access footpath due to civil works, transport of materials and other project-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access footpath used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. 14. Concrete washout

104. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. 15. Use of Hazardous Substances

105. Storage and use of fuel, and lubricant will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. The rehabilitation of the footpath however does not require the use of hazardous substances. Nevertheless, applicable adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas

16. Public safety

106. Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: 1) installation of fencing around excavation areas and construction sites (if any), 2) provision of proper signage and lighting and direct traffic and pedestrians, and 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of the upgraded footpath

107. The operation of the Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as footpath will have potentials impacts both positive and negative to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and open for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Lubuagan and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) provide appropriate warning signs, 2) regular removal of debris, and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging, 3) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 4) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies, 5) adherence to land use and zoning regulations.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

108. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A barangay consultation to include neighboring beneficiary barangays conducted wherein they manifested support for the Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath.

109. During this consultation, the proponent has made presentation of the Sub-project describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented (Table 10 and Appendix 4). The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the footsteps/footpath will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows. Concerns on the subproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants.

110. As a result of the consultation meeting conducted, the barangay council expressed their acceptance and support to the project by executing a resolution endorsing the Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath (Appendix 5).

111. The LGU of Lubuagan expressly showed their interest in all the subprojects of INREMP starting from the pre-implementation phase up to implementation stage. This is manifested in their cooperation and participation during orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. Support from the LGU further heightened with the passing of SB resolution accepting and supporting the Rural Infrastructure (RI) and Natural Resource Management (NRM) component of the project (Appendix 6).

Table 10: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Improvement of Kela- Bangtitan-Bacao- Duya-as Footpath Date: October 4, 2018 Venue: Bangtitan, Upper Uma Number of Participants: 86 Participating agencies/institutions: Barangay Officials, POs, IPs of Uma,women, youth, elderly, MLGU, DA-INREMP, Questions Responses The following are the responses of the participants when asked what benefits they’re expecting to gain from the subproject:

Benefits from the  The Footpath give ease and safe access to the barangay, footsteps/footpath schools, farms, and to center of Lubuagan especially to students, rehabilitation women, children, PWDs, and the elderlies expressed by on-  Delivery and access to social services will improve site and off-site  stakeholders Safe access for all, accidents prevented  Encourage more income generating activities and increase productions

Project Management Team Beneficiaries Response Pre- construction Response phase issues  No issues identified  No issues identified Suggestion/s:

 The lot owners will be the  Only eligible contractor will one to implement the implement the subproject projects and to ensure the quality and part of the monitoring, land Construction owners and locals will be phase issues prioritized in hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower  Possible soil erosion on  Riprapping activities to be slopes included in the work program  Steep areas  Installation of hand rails

Operation and  No issues maintenance phase issues Aside from the anticipated issues and its corresponding mitigation Suggested impact ▪ measure, the beneficiaries of the subproject to be vigilant during mitigation construction phase to check possible adverse impact and adopt measures corresponding mitigation measures

B. Information Disclosure

112. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, INREMP-DA, DENR-FMB, the Municipality of Lubuagan, Kalinga Province and the affected Barangay officials, the Provincial Environmental and Natural Resource Officer, and DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through:

 Barangay meetings, Family Development Sessions, Signage at project site, posting to the Full Disclosure Policy Bulletin Board.  Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. The SPMU in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

113. The Local Government Unit of Lubuagan has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the sub-project site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level. 114. Consultations with stakeholders in regards to the subproject were done. Since, they were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, the LGU will have to anticipate complaints that may arise during project implementation, which are listed below: a. Footpath related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the footpath under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause sudden disruption to passersby. b. Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project rehabilitation/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc. c. Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

115. If case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration. 116. The BDC then and the Punong Barangay will be the first people/group to be approached by the aggrieved party for any complaint. Both groups may then resolve the issues at their level. In case, either group cannot resolve the matters at their level, they shall 27

make proper documentation of the case and submit the same to the Municipal Development Council (MDC). The MDC is composed of the different barangay chairman of the municipality, and they are mainly the policy-making body especially with regards to barangay affairs. Thus, the MDC will be the body to resolve the grievances endorsed to them by the BDC. In case, the MDC is not able to resolve the disputes, it will then be endorsed to the Sangguniang Bayan, which shall the body to finally resolve the disputes. 117. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the RPMO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of RPMO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix 7). The RPMO's GRM officers will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party. 118. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following: (i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the RPMO, and the RPMO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form; (ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; (iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the RPMO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. (iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; (v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the RPMO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and (vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

119. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

A. Grievance among IPs

120. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples,

the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders. a. Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; b. If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and c. If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 11.

Table 11: Responsibilities for EMP implementation Agency Responsibilities LGU of Lubuagan, Kalinga  Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction and operation  Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP  Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government environmental policies and regulations  Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009  Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works  Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements  Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns  Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB.

PPMO and WMPCO  Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP  Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB  Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB  Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits. TA – PMIC and DA-INREMP  Engage environment specialists who will undertake supervision and monitoring of EMP implementation and contractor’s environmental performance  As part of day-to-day project supervision, closely supervise 29

Agency Responsibilities and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP  Assist PMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors.

Contractors  Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions  Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP  Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor. EMB – DENR  Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government  Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB  Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project  Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed  Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

B. Environmental Mitigation

121. Table 12 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Sub-project. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 12: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities Cost Component/Activity Environmental Implementatio Monitor Estimates Impacts n Pre-Construction Phase 1. Confirmation of  Conduct community no required No negative consultations and meetings  PMU PPMO resettlement, environmental with barangay officials, relocations, impacts concerned POs, affected and persons, indigenous compensation peoples, ensuring that there is equal representation of women.  Conduct information awareness campaign regarding subproject location. 2. Identification Subproject Subproject site validation and siting posing with following conditions:  PMU PPMO prioritization adverse impact of footpath, on the . Ensure that the conduct environment validation process as topographic and immediate per DENR NCIP-MOA survey and surroundings on INREMP Right of Way implementation is being 30

(ROW) Lack of complied with negotiation information . Hold consultative and/or low meetings with balanced participation of representation of men the community, and women, indigenous particularly peoples and affected women, persons on the indigenous subproject components peoples and and management plan marginalized . During the subproject sectors conceptualization and 1. initial design stage and even prior to finalization ROW conflict of design, the between and proponent LGU shall among land invite representatives owners from all sectors of the community, including the indigenous peoples and equal representation of women, for the conduct of orientation. The aim is to generate reactions and comments for integration into final subproject design . Involve barangay officials, indigenous peoples and affected households in ROW negotiation . Secure the waiver of rights to any claim/ compensation if there are any claimants. 3. Preparation of Work with proponent LGU RI PMU PPMO detailed Minimize Engineer for the completion engineering negative of the proposed upgraded designs and environmental footpath detailed designs and programs of impacts to ensure the following work for the measures are included: subproject  Identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites;  No disturbance or damage to cultural objects and landmarks;  No or minimal encroachment into agriculture or forested lands.  Locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;  No or minimal disruption to village water supplies along footpaths, utilities, and electricity with contingency plans for unavoidable disruptions;  For local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities 4. Recruitment of Gender . Hire local workers as Contractor  PMU Part of the workers discrimination much as possible, and Contractor’s 31

and tendency to give equal privilege for contract recruit outsiders women and indigenous peoples to get involved in selected tasks appropriate for them. . During recruitment of construction workers, the Contractor shall ensure that qualified community members, to include the indigenous peoples and equal representation of women are given priority in recruitment of workforce; this will be stipulated in the contract documents.. Construction Phase Implement Pollution, injury,  Procure construction Contractor  PMU Part of the construction interrupted usual materials from sources  PPMO Contractor’s materials footpath use, with valid environmental  DA- contract acquisition, transport disrupted clearances, i.e. for INREMP access, and storage access, noise sand, gravel and timber system from those with valid DENR-MGB/EMB permits.  All borrow pits and quarries should be approved by Municipal Engineering Division.  Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to construction the sites.  Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage.  Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural objects and landmarks.  If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.  All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration.  All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.  After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.  Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.  Define & schedule how materials are extracted 32

from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.  Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.  All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. Clearing and Damage or loss  Contact PENRO/CENRO Contractor  PMU Part of the removal of of vegetation for advice on how to  PPMO Contractor’s obstructions and landscape minimize damage to  DA- contract vegetation INREMP  Restrict vegetation removal to within RoWs.  Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees.  All RoWs to be re- vegetated and landscaped after construction completed.  Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques.  Secure waiver of right to any claim and/ or compensation from claimants. Implement soil Land erosion  Berms, and plastic sheet Contractor  PMU Part of the erosion control fencing should be placed  PPMO Contractor’s measures around all excavations  DA- contract and earthwork areas. INREMP  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.  Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.  Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.  minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation,  prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and  If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours. Civil works: ground Degradation of  All construction sites Contractor  PMU Part of the surface levelling and terrestrial and should be located away  PPMO Contractor’s concrete paving of aquatic from forested or plantation  DA- contract the footpath resources and areas as much as INREMP decreased water possible. quality  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from 33

forested and plantation areas.  No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.  Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface waters.  Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.  No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.  No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.  Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.  No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.  No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. Implement noise and Dust and noise  Regularly apply wetting Contractor  PMU Part of the dust control agents to exposed soil  PPMO Contractor’s and construction  DA- contract footpaths. INREMP  Cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.  Minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed.  As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00, in particular, activities such as pile driving, etc.  Maintain equipment in proper working condition  Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.  Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.  Construct temporary noise barriers. Dust and noise from Air and noise  provision of noise control Contractor  PMU Part of the borrow pits measures to comply with  PPMO Contractor’s national standards,  DA- contract watering of the footpath INREMP close to the settlements, use covered truck,  secure appropriate environmental permits,  the borrow and material 34

dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and  protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits. Implement spoil Contamination of  Uncontaminated spoil to Contractor  PMU Part of the management and land and surface be disposed of in  PPMO Contractor’s control measure waters from government –designated  DA- contract excavated spoil, sites, which must never INREMP and construction be in or adjacent surface waste waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.  Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in government –designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.  Contaminated spoil disposal must follow government regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.  Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations. 35

 Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity. Implement solid and Contamination of  Management of general Contractor  PMU Part of the liquid construction land and surface solid and liquid waste of  PPMO Contractor’s waste management waters from construction will follow  DA- contract system construction government regulations to INREMP waste include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force.  Disposal areas for solid and liquid waste must be determined by the government.  Disposal of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source.  Construction sites should have large garbage bins.  A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.  Solid waste should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.

Water quality Water and soil  set up proper and Contractor  PMU Part of the adequate sanitary  PPMO Contractor’s facilities,  DA- contract  ensure strict observance INREMP of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers,  provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and

Implement Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short- Contractor  PMU Part of the construction and rain water term drainage away from  PPMO Contractor’s drainage system natural channels construction sites to  DA- contract prevent ponding and INREMP flooding.  Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.  Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites  Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.  Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil. Workers health, Land and people  proper fencing, protective Contractor  PMU Part of the safety and hygiene barriers, and buffer zones  PPMO Contractor’s 36

should be provided  DA- contract around all construction INREMP sites,  sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed,  worker and public safety guidelines should be followed,  provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites,  the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women,  standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in,  worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,  appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,  adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site,  drinking water must be provided at all construction sites,  sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and  all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Ecological Land  poaching of edible Contractor  PMU Part of the environment (Flora animals and birds of the  PPMO Contractor’s and Fauna) locality in spite of  DA- contract prohibitions. INREMP  providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna.  all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals. Damage to Land The contractor will Contractor  PMU Part of the properties immediately repair and/or  PPMO Contractor’s compensate for any damage  DA- contract that it causes to properties INREMP (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other

construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. Concrete washout Soil and water The Contractor shall 1) Contractor  PMU Part of the contamination collect and retain all the  PPMO Contractor’s concrete washout water and  DA- contract solids in leak proof INREMP containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. Use of Hazardous People, land and Vehicle maintenance and Contractor  PMU Part of the Substances water refueling will be confined to  PPMO Contractor’s areas in construction sites  DA- contract designed (with concrete INREMP flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas. Public safety People  installation of sturdy  PMU fencing around excavation  PPMO areas and construction  DA- sites, INREMP  provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians,  deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 38

 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase Operation of the Increased risk of • Installation of hand railing LGU  PMU Part of the upgraded footpath accident or injury, on some portions of the Lubuagan  PPMO proponent air pollution and project for the ease and  DA- obligation noise. safety of the beneficiaries INREMP especially the elderly, Obstruction of children, PWDs, and run-off along women drainage canals causing run-off • Provide slope protection overflow leading or grouted riprap to to erosion of the protect the area from footpath. erosion Provide appropriate Exploitation of warning signs and lighting natural • Regular removal of debris, resources in the logs and other materials area. along drainage canals to avoid clogging Unplanned • Regular vegetation control urbanization along run-off area to ensure free flow Increased • Ensure that existing delivery of environmental agricultural management policies are products effectively implemented and proper coordination Tourism involves different agencies. • Adherence to land use and zoning regulations • Promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue. Conduct of O & M Lack of . Sustain involvement of LGU  PMU Part of the organizational and participation of Ips, women and Lubuagan  PPMO proponent coordination indigenous marginalized sectors  DA- obligation meetings peoples, thru conduct of regular INREMP women or other meetings on O and M marginalized concerns with O and M sectors in sub- committees and project organizations. operation and maintenance . Conduct O and M orientation to Lack of community in native knowledge on dialect prohibitions and obligations of community members on the proper use of completed facilities

C. Environmental Monitoring Plan

122. Table 13 presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level, project management unit, provincial project coordination office, regional project management office, and ESS. The RPMO and ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on 39

ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any. 123. The RPMO and ESS during project implementation will be required to organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the RPMO, ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with PPCO, RPMO, SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Subproject Name: Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duyaas Footpath Location: Lubuagan, Kalinga Province Reporting Period: Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Attained (Yes, No, Compliance or Partial) 1 2 3 4

Recommendation/s: Signature: Date:

Table 13: Environmental Monitoring Plan Activities Location Means of Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring Responsible Unit Monitoring Cost Pre-Construction Completion of the Final location of the Review of the SPD Prior to issuance of NOL PMU, WMPCO, INREMP Subproject Documents subproject with SSS and ESS, Project Cost ADB Completion of detailed Final location of the Review of detailed Prior to approval of PMU, WMPCO, INREMP engineering design in subproject design documentation detailed design with SSS and ESS, Project Cost accordance with EMP ADB requirements Completion of social and Final location of the Confirm IEE report and Prior to issuance of NOL PMU, WMPCO, INREMP environmental subproject disclosed to the public with SSS and ESS, Project Cost safeguards ADB Establishment of Final location of the Confirm GRM is Prior to start of site works PMU, WMPCO, INREMP grievance redress subproject established and with SSS and ESS, Project Cost mechanism disclosed to the public ADB Construction Implementation of As indicated in IEE Site visit, ocular Monthly and as part of PMU, WMPCO, INREMP construction phase EMP for specific inspections, interviews regular project supervision with SSS and ESS, Project Cost environmental mitigation mitigation measures with local residents, ADB measures specified in (e.g., subproject coordination with Random checks and to IEE EMP footpath, borrow concerned barangay/s validate complaints sites, construction/ workers’ camps, air and noise, water contamination and others)

124. The RPMO shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by DA-INREMP to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

. Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon); . Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements; . Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable; . Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP; . Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.); . If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan; . Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities; . Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented; . Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement; . Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response; . Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required; . Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

 Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the NPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Subproject.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion

125. The IEE presents the general environmental profile of the subproject, covering about 2.6 km footpath and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the project.

126. Rural infrastructures like access and water supply projects, arguably are vital structures needed to spur economic development in Lubuagan, Kalinga, with full potentials and opportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources. 127. The Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath project for one shall be a crucial infrastructure for uplifting the quality of life of the people by providing an all-year- round easy and safe access, improving the prompt delivery of basic services and increasing economic opportunities, thus supporting the developing economy of the barangay and eventually the entire municipality. 128. Hence, the Project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through the implementation of the EMP.

B. Recommendation

129. The end goal of the proposed Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath is to uplift the social and economic condition of the community through the provision of all-year-round safe access. It aims to increase productivity and profit, decrease farm expenses on hauling works, hasten delivery of agricultural products to market outlets, enable timely transport of farm inputs to production areas, and maximize agricultural potential of the production area after footpath improvement.

130. The proposed Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath will boost the economic activities of the influence area. With the subproject, socio-economic services will be easier not only for the public sector but also to private and semi-private providers. Considering the many benefits this subproject provides, implementing the subproject is recommended.

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: A copy of the Payment for CNC Application

Appendix 2: Post Activity Report – Validation of Proposed Subproject

The proposed Improvement of Kela-Bangtitan-Bacao-Duya-as Footpath was validated on June 19, 2018 composed of LGU staff from Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal Assessor’s Office, barangay officials, land owners and three (3) staff from DA-INREMP including their engineer. The team conducted a walk-through from the proposed start of the project, Kela of barangay Lower Uma to Sitio Bangtitan of Upper Uma, Bacao then up to Duya-as, Upper Uma. They follow the existing footpath which the beneficiaries traverse every day. To track the stretch of the project, the team used Global Positioning System (GPS). The following are the findings of the team:

 The total length of the project is 2.6 kilometers of existing earth footpath;  The proposed footpath does not traverse any tree plantations, or vegetable plots and will not disturb the present trees thus, does not adversely affect the environment;  No existing dwellings or buildings that will be affected hence, there will be no displaced families;  The stretch of the proposed footpath will traverse some portions of rice fields. However, during consultation and dialogue with the owners, they said they are willing to waive their right over the portion of the properties for the good of the public;  There are some portions of that needs slope protection or grouted riprap to protect the area from erosion and also to safeguard the rice fields that will be disturbed;  There is also a need to install hand railing on some portions of the project for the ease and safety of the beneficiaries especially the elderly, children, PWDs, and women;  The site is not within any protected areas nor in any declared cultural heritage sites;  The proposed project is very much a necessity to support the social and economic development of the target beneficiaries.

Appendix 3: Pictures of the Footpath for Improvement

Appendix 4: Barangay Consultation/Orientation Documentation

Pictures of Barangay Consultation/Orientation

Appendix 5: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject

Appendix 6: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Subproject

Appendix 7: Grievance Intake Form

Appendix 8: Executive order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit

Appendix 9: Certification of No Trees to be affected