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Messiah Notes.Indd
Take One... The Messiah Violin Teacher guidance notes The Messiah Violin is on display in A zoomable image of the violin is available Gallery 39, Music and Tapestry. on our website. Visit www.ashmolean.org/education/ Starting Questions The following questions may be useful as a starting point for thinking about the Messiah violin and developing speaking and listening skills with your class. • What materials do you think this violin is made from? • Why do you think this violin is in a museum? • Where do you think it might come from? • What kind of person do you think would have owned this violin? • Who could have made it? • Does the violin look like it has been played a lot or does it look brand new? • How old do you think the violin could be? • If I told you that nobody is allowed to play this violin do you feel about that? These guidance notes are designed to help you use the Ashmolean’s Messiah violin as a focus for cross-curricular teaching and learning. A visit to the Ashmolean Museum to see your chosen object offers your class the perfect ‘learning outside the classroom’ opportunity. Background Information Italy - a town that was already famous for its master violin makers. The new styles of violins and cellos that The Object he developed were remarkable for their excellent tonal quality and became the basic design for many TThe Messiah violin dates from Stradivari’s ‘golden modern versions of the instruments. period’ of around 1700 - 1725. The violin owes Stradivari’s violins are regarded as the fi nest ever its fame chiefl y to its fresh appearance due to the made. -
The Baroque Cello and Its Performance Marc Vanscheeuwijck
Performance Practice Review Volume 9 Article 7 Number 1 Spring The aB roque Cello and Its Performance Marc Vanscheeuwijck Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr Part of the Music Practice Commons Vanscheeuwijck, Marc (1996) "The aB roque Cello and Its Performance," Performance Practice Review: Vol. 9: No. 1, Article 7. DOI: 10.5642/perfpr.199609.01.07 Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr/vol9/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Performance Practice Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Baroque Instruments The Baroque Cello and Its Performance Marc Vanscheeuwijck The instrument we now call a cello (or violoncello) apparently deve- loped during the first decades of the 16th century from a combina- tion of various string instruments of popular European origin (espe- cially the rebecs) and the vielle. Although nothing precludes our hypothesizing that the bass of the violins appeared at the same time as the other members of that family, the earliest evidence of its existence is to be found in the treatises of Agricola,1 Gerle,2 Lanfranco,3 and Jambe de Fer.4 Also significant is a fresco (1540- 42) attributed to Giulio Cesare Luini in Varallo Sesia in northern Italy, in which an early cello is represented (see Fig. 1). 1 Martin Agricola, Musica instrumentalis deudsch (Wittenberg, 1529; enlarged 5th ed., 1545), f. XLVIr., f. XLVIIIr., and f. -
Gender Association with Stringed Instruments: a Four-Decade Analysis of Texas All-State Orchestras
Texas Music Education Research, 2012 V. D. Baker Edited by Mary Ellen Cavitt, Texas State University—San Marcos Gender Association with Stringed Instruments: A Four-Decade Analysis of Texas All-State Orchestras Vicki D. Baker Texas Woman’s University The violin, viola, cello, and double bass have fluctuated in both their gender acceptability and association through the centuries. This can partially be attributed to the historical background of women’s involvement in music. Both church and society rigidly enforced rules regarding women’s participation in instrumental music performance during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. In the 1700s, Antonio Vivaldi established an all-female string orchestra and composed music for their performance. In the early 1800s, women were not allowed to perform in public and were severely limited in their musical training. Towards the end of the 19th century, it became more acceptable for women to study violin and cello, but they were forbidden to play in professional orchestras. Societal beliefs and conventions regarding the female body and allure were an additional obstacle to women as orchestral musicians, due to trepidation about their physiological strength and the view that some instruments were “unsightly for women to play, either because their presence interferes with men’s enjoyment of the female face or body, or because a playing position is judged to be indecorous” (Doubleday, 2008, p. 18). In Victorian England, female cellists were required to play in problematic “side-saddle” positions to prevent placing their instrument between opened legs (Cowling, 1983). The piano, harp, and guitar were deemed to be the only suitable feminine instruments in North America during the 19th Century in that they could be used to accompany ones singing and “required no facial exertions or body movements that interfered with the portrait of grace the lady musician was to emanate” (Tick, 1987, p. -
The Science of String Instruments
The Science of String Instruments Thomas D. Rossing Editor The Science of String Instruments Editor Thomas D. Rossing Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) Stanford, CA 94302-8180, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-7109-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7110-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7110-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction............................................................... 1 Thomas D. Rossing 2 Plucked Strings ........................................................... 11 Thomas D. Rossing 3 Guitars and Lutes ........................................................ 19 Thomas D. Rossing and Graham Caldersmith 4 Portuguese Guitar ........................................................ 47 Octavio Inacio 5 Banjo ...................................................................... 59 James Rae 6 Mandolin Family Instruments........................................... 77 David J. Cohen and Thomas D. Rossing 7 Psalteries and Zithers .................................................... 99 Andres Peekna and Thomas D. -
Electric & Acoustic Guitar Strings: a Recording of Harmonic Content
Electric & Acoustic Guitar Strings: A Recording of Harmonic Content Ryan Lee, Graduate Researcher Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign In conjunction with Professor Steve Errede and the Department of Physics Friday, January 10, 2003 2 Introduction The purpose of this study was to analyze the harmonic content and decay of different guitar strings. Testing was done in two parts: 80 electric guitar strings and 145 acoustic guitar strings. The goal was to obtain data for as many different brands, types, and gauges of strings as possible. Testing Each string was tested only once, in brand new condition (unless otherwise noted). Once tuned properly, each string was plucked with a bare thumb in two different positions. For the electric guitar, the two positions were at the top of the bridge pickup and at the top of the neck pickup. For the acoustic guitar, the two positions were at the bottom of the sound hole and at the top of the sound hole. The signal path for the recording of an electric guitar string was as follows: 1994 Gibson SG Standard to ¼” input on a Mark of the Unicorn (MOTU) 896 to a computer (via firewire). Steinberg’s Cubase VST 5.0 was the software used to capture the .wav files. The 1999 Taylor 410CE acoustic guitar was recorded in an anechoic chamber. A Bruel & Kjær 4145 condenser microphone was connected directly to a Sony TCD-D8 portable DAT recorder (via its B&K preamp, power supply, and cables). Recording format was mono, 48 kHz, and 16- bit. -
Breedlove Owner's Manual
1 BREEDLOVE Owner’s MANUAL Breedlove Owner’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS A Note From Kim Breedlove 4 How To Experience Breedlove 7 Humidity, Temperature and Solid Wood Instruments 8 Neck Truss Rod Adjustment 10 Breedlove Bridge Truss 12 Adjustment Bolt Sizes for Breedlove Instruments 14 Steel-String Acoustic Guitar Set Up Specifications 15 Changing Strings on your Breedlove Guitar 16 Breedlove Mandolins 17 Electronics Configurations for Acoustic Guitars 19 Cleaning Your Breedlove Instrument 19 Breedlove Factory String Specifications 22 Breedlove Warranty 22 Keep a record of your Breedlove Guitar 25 5 THANK YOU Thank you for purchasing your new Breedlove instrument. You are now the caretaker of a fine stringed instrument. Every instrument we produce is special to us and we hope it will bring you many years of enjoyment. To preserve the remarkable tone and playability of your Breedlove we have some simple suggestions to help ensure that your instrument will be making beautiful music for years to come. Should you ever have questions or concerns please send us an email at: [email protected] Sincerely, Kim Breedlove 5 DISTINCTIVELY CRafted SOUND. We love what we do. After all, it’s in our name. We are master luthiers who create instruments of true distinction. It’s in our DNA to push the boundaries of design and craftsmanship. Being different is never the easy path. But in our view, it has far greater rewards. And while we respect tradition, we simply choose not to make instruments of yesterday. Imagination compels us to make instruments of tomorrow. 7 Welcome to the Breedlove family where you are about to experience the highest quality craftsmanship, customer service and an unmatched passion for music and fine instruments. -
Dopage 31 Juillet
REVUE DE PRESSE du 31 juillet 2008 NOUVEAU CAS DE DOPAGE SUR LE TOUR DE FRANCE Le Monde - 27 juil 2008 Jusqu'au dernier jour, le dopage aura poursuivi le Tour 2008. Dimanche 27 juillet, quelques heures après la victoire de Carlos Sastre, sacré sur les Champs-Elysées, un nouveau cas de dopage éclabousse la Grande Boucle. Le Kazakh Dimitri Fofonov, de l'équipe Crédit agricole, a été contrôlé positif à un stimulant interdit sur le Tour de France, l'heptaminol. "Fofonov a été contrôlé positif pour un stimulant à l'issue de la 18e étape", entre Le Bourg-d'Oisans et Saint-Etienne, a annoncé le président de l'Agence française de lutte cotnre le dopage Pierre Bordry. L'heptaminol est un vasodilatateur qui permet d'augmenter le débit aortique. Fofonov a terminé le Tour à la 19e place au général, juste derrière le Russe Alexandre Botcharov, qui court lui aussi sous les couleurs du Crédit Agricole. Le Kazakh a expliqué à sa formation avoir pris un produit contre les crampes acheté sur Internet. "C'est un non-respect des règles élémentaires", a déclaré Roger Legeay, manager général de l'équipe française, qui a suspendu immédiatement son coureur. "Un coureur ne peut prendre aucun médicament, sans autorisation du médecin de l'équipe, sans lui en avoir parlé", a ajouté Roger Legeay. Agé de 31 ans, Fofonov avait commencé sa carrière dans la petite équipe belge Collstrop en 1999. Fofonov avait ensuite couru chez Besson Chaussures en 2000, chez Cofidis entre 2001 et 2005 avant d'être recruté par le Crédit Agricole. -
Antonio Stradivari "Servais" 1701
32 ANTONIO STRADIVARI "SERVAIS" 1701 The renowned "Servais" cello by Stradivari is examined by Roger Hargrave Photographs: Stewart Pollens Research Assistance: Julie Reed Technical Assistance: Gary Sturm (Smithsonian Institute) In 184.6 an Englishman, James Smithson, gave the bines the grandeur of the pre‑1700 instrument with US Government $500,000 to be used `for the increase the more masculine build which we could wish to and diffusion of knowledge among men.' This was the have met with in the work of the master's earlier beginning of the vast institution which now domi - years. nates the down‑town Washington skyline. It includes the J.F. Kennedy Centre for Performing Arts and the Something of the cello's history is certainly worth National Zoo, as well as many specialist museums, de - repeating here, since, as is often the case, much of picting the achievements of men in every conceiv - this is only to be found in rare or expensive publica - able field. From the Pony Express to the Skylab tions. The following are extracts from the Reminis - orbital space station, from Sandro Botticelli to Jack - cences of a Fiddle Dealer by David Laurie, a Scottish son Pollock this must surely be the largest museum violin dealer, who was a contemporary of J.B. Vuil - and arts complex anywhere in the world. Looking laume: around, one cannot help feeling that this is the sort While attending one of M. Jansen's private con - of place where somebody might be disappointed not certs, I had the pleasure of meeting M. Servais of Hal, to find the odd Strad! And indeed, if you can manage one of the most renowned violoncellists of the day . -
Extracting Vibration Characteristics and Performing Sound Synthesis of Acoustic Guitar to Analyze Inharmonicity
Open Journal of Acoustics, 2020, 10, 41-50 https://www.scirp.org/journal/oja ISSN Online: 2162-5794 ISSN Print: 2162-5786 Extracting Vibration Characteristics and Performing Sound Synthesis of Acoustic Guitar to Analyze Inharmonicity Johnson Clinton1, Kiran P. Wani2 1M Tech (Auto. Eng.), VIT-ARAI Academy, Bangalore, India 2ARAI Academy, Pune, India How to cite this paper: Clinton, J. and Abstract Wani, K.P. (2020) Extracting Vibration Characteristics and Performing Sound The produced sound quality of guitar primarily depends on vibrational char- Synthesis of Acoustic Guitar to Analyze acteristics of the resonance box. Also, the tonal quality is influenced by the Inharmonicity. Open Journal of Acoustics, correct combination of tempo along with pitch, harmony, and melody in or- 10, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.4236/oja.2020.103003 der to find music pleasurable. In this study, the resonance frequencies of the modelled resonance box have been analysed. The free-free modal analysis was Received: July 30, 2020 performed in ABAQUS to obtain the modes shapes of the un-constrained Accepted: September 27, 2020 Published: September 30, 2020 sound box. To find music pleasing to the ear, the right pitch must be set, which is achieved by tuning the guitar strings. In order to analyse the sound Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and elements, the Fourier analysis method was chosen and implemented in Scientific Research Publishing Inc. MATLAB. Identification of fundamentals and overtones of the individual This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International string sounds were carried out prior and after tuning the string. The untuned License (CC BY 4.0). -
The Federalist Revolt: an Affirmation Or Denial Ofopular P Sovereignty?
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS College of Liberal Arts & Sciences 9-1992 The Federalist Revolt: An Affirmation or Denial ofopular P Sovereignty? Paul R, Hanson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/facsch_papers Part of the European History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Hanson, Paul, R."The Federalist Revolt: An Affirmation or Denial of Popular Sovereignty?" French History, vol. 6, no. 3 (September, 1992), 335-355. Available from: digitalcommons.butler.edu/facsch_papers/500/ This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Monarchist Clubs and the Pamphlet Debate over Political Legitimacy in the Early Years of the French Revolution Paul R. Hanson Paul R. Hanson is professor and chair of history at Butler University. He is currently working on a book- length study of the Federalist revolt of 1793. Research for this article was supported by a summer grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and by assistance from Butler University. Earlier versions were presented at annual meetings of the Society for French Historical Studies. The author would like to thank Gary Kates, Ken Margerison, Colin Jones, Jeremy Popkin, Michael Kennedy, Jack Censer, Jeffrey Ravel, John Burney, and the anonymous readers for the journal for their helpful comments on various drafts of this article. -
Syrinx (Debussy) Body and Soul (Johnny Green)
Sound of Music How It Works Session 5 Musical Instruments OLLI at Illinois Hurrian Hymn from Ancient Mesopotamian Spring 2020 Musical Fragment c. 1440 BCE D. H. Tracy Sound of Music How It Works Session 5 Musical Instruments OLLI at Illinois Shadow of the Ziggurat Assyrian Hammered Lyre Spring 2020 (Replica) D. H. Tracy Sound of Music How It Works Session 5 Musical Instruments OLLI at Illinois Hymn to Horus Replica Ancient Lyre Spring 2020 Based on Trad. Eqyptian Folk Melody D. H. Tracy Sound of Music How It Works Session 5 Musical Instruments OLLI at Illinois Roman Banquet Replica Kithara Spring 2020 Orig Composition in Hypophrygian Mode D. H. Tracy Sound of Music How It Works Session 5 Musical Instruments OLLI at Illinois Spring 2020 D. H. Tracy If You Missed a Session…. • PDF’s of previous presentations – Also other handout materials are on the OLLI Course website: http://olli.illinois.edu/downloads/courses/ The Sound of Music Syllabus.pdf References for Sound of Music OLLI Course Spring 2020.pdf Smartphone Apps for Sound of Music.pdf Musical Scale Cheat Sheet.pdf OLLI Musical Scale Slider Tool.pdf SoundOfMusic_1 handout.pdf SoM_2_handout.pdf SoM_3 handout.pdf SoM_4 handout.pdf 2/25/20 Sound of Music 5 6 Course Outline 1. Building Blocks: Some basic concepts 2. Resonance: Building Sounds 3. Hearing and the Ear 4. Musical Scales 5. Musical Instruments 6. Singing and Musical Notation 7. Harmony and Dissonance; Chords 8. Combining the Elements of Music 2/25/20 Sound of Music 5 7 Chicago Symphony Orchestra (2015) 2/25/20 Sound of Music -
The Issue of Size: a Glimpse Into the History of the Violoncello Piccolo
Page 1 The Issue of Size: A Glimpse into the History of the Violoncello Piccolo by Johanna Randvere Early Music Department University of the Arts, Sibelius Academy April 2020 Page 2 Abstract The aim of this research is to find out whether, how and why the size, tuning and the number of strings of the cello in the 17th and 18th centuries varied. There are multiple reasons to believe that the instrument we now recognize as a cello has not always been as clearly defined as now. There are written theoretical sources, original survived instruments, iconographical sources and cello music that support the hypothesis that smaller-sized cellos – violoncelli piccoli – were commonly used among string players of Europe in the Baroque era. The musical examples in this paper are based on my own experience as a cellist and viol player. The research is historically informed (HIP) and theoretically based on treatises concerning instruments from the 17th and the 18th centuries as well as articles by colleagues around the world. In the first part of this paper I will concentrate on the history of the cello, possible reasons for its varying dimensions and how the size of the cello affects playing it. Because this article is quite cello-specific, I have included a chapter concerning technical vocabulary in order to make my text more understandable also for those who are not acquainted with string instruments. In applying these findings to the music written for the piccolo, the second part of the article focuses on the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, namely cantatas with obbligato piccolo part, Cello Suite No.