January 28;-1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · 140l EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HARVEY BOYNTON: A KINGFIELD ing, fishlng. or relaxing. An enthusiastic generations of residents of southeastern fisherman, l\Ir. Boynton once caught the sec Michigan owe their economic livelihood LEGEND ond largest trout ever to be landed in New foundhmd. to the fact that Mr. and Mrs. Kowalski During World War II, Mr. Boynton served had the vision and the foresight to add HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN as a second Lieutenant in the 91st Infantry, sausage-making to their little Ham OF MAINE 361 Regiment in Italy, where he was wound tramck grocery business. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ed. He received the Purple Heart, Bronze We sometimes forget, Mr. Speaker, Star and the Distinguished service Award. that this is still the land of opportunity; Wednesday, January 28, 1976 In 1969, the Boynton's went to Italy and we sometimes forget, too, that opportu traveled along the same route where he had Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, I was ex been with the army. On Tuesday of this week, nity comes disguised as a challenge to do tremely saddened 1·ecently to learn of Laura Boynton received a letter from the a good job at whatever it is that we the death of Harvey Boynton of King president of the 91st Infantry Association, tackle, and to work hard if we want to field, Maine-a man who was an insti stating that a notice of Mr. Boynton's death succeed. We sometimes forget, and then tution at one of Maine's best known ski would be placed in the Stars and Stripes pa along comes someone like Agnes Kowal areas, Sugarloaf Mountain. per in Washington for national publication. ski to help us remember this priceless Prior to his sudden death earlier this Mr. Boynton wa~ vice president of that or part of our American heritage. ganization. He was the first commander of It is a genuine pleasure for me, Mr. month, Mr. Boynton ran a ski shop at the Norton-Wouri American Legion Post in Sugarloaf for 20 years, and he was a Kingfield in 1946. Speaker, to pay tribute to the matriach familiar figure to all who visited the ski On Sunday, a memorial service will be held of the Kowalski family as she celebrates area. at the Dick Bell Interfaith Chapel at Sugar her 85th birthday-still strong, still in He was a leading business and civic loaf at 1 p.m. good health, still concerned about the leader in Kingfield, and his unselfish family business and its role in bolstering service to others won him the 1973 Man the area's economy, still involved in social of the Year Award of the Sugarloaf Area activities in the Polish-American com Association, an organization he helped MRS. AGNES KOWALSKI: GOOD munity, still a pillar of financial support found. · CITIZEN, VALUABLE NEIGHBOR for parish charities. The extent of Mr. Boynton's service to My wish for Agnes Kowalski is that she his community is detailed in the follow: enjoy many more years of good health HON. JAMES G. O'HARA in which to continue her role as good ing article fOI' a recent issue of the Cen OF MICHIGAN tral Maine Morning Sentinel. Mr. Boyn citizen and valuable neighbor. ton will be sorely missed by his family IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and friends, and by all of us who came to Wednesday, January 28, 1976 know him through their love of skiing. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, JIM McHALE-A DEFENDER OF The article follows: February 1, Mrs. Anges Kowalski of RURAL LIFE HARVEY BOYNTON: A KINGFIELD LEGEND Hamtramck, Mich., will observe her 85th (By Laura Dunham) birthday. On that date, a host of her Harvey Boynton, who died earlier this friends, neighbors and admirers will be HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. month, was virtually a legendary figure to paying their t1ibute to this woman of OF CALIFORNIA Kingfield folks and visitors to Sugarloaf, indomitable courage and vision. I would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES USA, where he had maintained a ski shop like to take this opportunity today, Mr. Wednesday, Jan·uary 28, 1976 Ior 20 years. Speaker, to express publicly the admira It all started when Graydon Erickson was Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. teaching school in Kingfield, and the Boyn tion in which we hold Mrs. Kowalski for ton's son David became interested in skiing the contribution she has made to the Speaker, I wish to draw the attention and jumping on a small ski jump just north community in which she lives. of my distinguished colleagues to the of town. About that time, Amos Winter and Mrs. Kowalski was born in a small vil changes we are witnessing in farming a group of young men were cutting the first lage south of Krakow, Poland, in 1891. and to the progressive steps which one trails to Sugarloaf and establishing a small She was a young girl of only 13 when her man has taken in this field. rope tow. Mr. Boynton who had a clothing family emigrated to the United States In the last few decades the small fam store, which he had operated since 1945 saw ily farm has been replaced by an ever a need for ski apparel and equipment and and settled in New York. It was there started to stock supplies for the local chil that she met the late Zygmund Kowalski, growing number of large, mechanically dren who were getting hooked on the new they were married, and in 1912 they oriented agribusinesses. We have seen sport moved to the Detroit, Mich. area. our farm population decline rapidly and As the mountain grew and the first small In 1920, Mr. and Mrs. Kowalski opened our number of farms decrease by 50 per base lodge was erected, Harvey and Laura a smal grocery store in Hamtramck. It cent since 1950. These are not just sta Boynton opened a store in the lodge and tistics, but a demonstration of an altera started a business which grew so much in was a humble beginning, Mr. Speaker; a small grocery store in Hamtramck. It tion in our past view of farming as a way three years that it was necessary to move into for a family to provide for itself and a single building across from the base lodge. many ne\vly arrived American citizens They remained there until the present base make for themselves here in this country. others while living in tune with nature lodge was built. About three years ago, the But the Kowalskis were a particularly a life filled with the creation of abundant ski shop was torn down and a new shop in hardy breed. They worked hard and they food products-a good, simple ).ife-to the valley crossing complex was opened. prospered. the present view so aptly described by Mr. Boynton's association with the region our Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Butz, also grew. He helped organize the Sugar As a sideline at that small grocery store in Hamtramck, the Kowalskis began and I quote: loaf Area Association to promote business in Farming isn't a way of life, it's a way to the area. He also served as president of the making sausage in a backroom of the organization and on its board of directors. grocery store. They worked hard and make a living. In 1973, he was named Man of the Year they put in long hours, and slowly but Pennsylvania's Secretary of Agricul for his many contributions to the Sugarloaf steadily, they built the sausage-making ture, Jim McHale, does not see the life region. operation into the main part of their bus of farming in such businesslike terms. Mr. Boynton loved the outdoors and was iness. Today, Mr. Speaker, it is a multi always ready to go off on a snowmobile sa His past struggles to encourage rural de fari on a Sunday afternoon. He, along with million-dollar-a-year food processing v~lopment through better health plans, four other persons had leased Round Moun business-the Kowalski Sausage Co., farmer-to-consumer marketing, and the tain Pond Camps, which reportedly was one which is so well known in southeastern spread of knowledge on self-sufficient of his favorite spots. Surrounded by five Michigan. That business now employs farming practices have given may peo mountains, he would spend days hunt- several hundred persons, and several ple, old and young, the impetus to begin, 1402 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 2B, 1976 or return to, farming as a way of life. masonry, welding, electricity and food proc in the area near my home. One out of every He feels, as I do, that farming presents essing." four families in that tract was living below a means for many to remove themselves As envisioned now, the project would be a the government's official poverty income, and and their children from the dependent, joint venture between the Agriculture De there is little doubt that conditions have be partment and the Department of Com come substantially worse since then. For f~t-paced, cement life of the city and munity Affairs. Possible sources for fund young people, and especially young blacks, that every possible incentive should be ing would include nonprofit corporations and unemployment may be as high as five times provided to those who have the urge to Comprehensive Employment Training Act the overall rate. The hard truth is that a become self-sufficient off the land. 1 monies. Wilcox has expressed a desire to get whole generation has been cast into economic commend his strong efforts to move his the Community Action Program agencies in limbo, and will remain permanent exiles State toward this ideal. I was very sad volved. from prosperity unless our policies are dened to hear that Jim McHale relin McHale added that much of the farm changed. quished his post as secretary of agricul training would incorporate research findings The human n1.eaning of the cun·ent level from projects now underway at Penn State. of joblessness in Atlanta can be seen in just ture on December 31, 1975. It seems that Specifically, powering some machinery with a few startling facts: the Republican members of the State methane gas produced from manure, fertiliz One, for the first time in decades there government of Pennsylvania disagree ing fields with sludge-both projects at Penn are now soup kitchens being operated by sev with Mr. McHale's perception of agricul State-would be techniques employed at the eral churches in the Atlanta area. For hun tural priorities and could not muster a farm. dreds of people, this is a vital supplement majority to approve his remaining in the "We want to encourage a labor-intensive to their diet. For many it is the only meal of position of secretary. His service will be agriculture that can depend on varied the day. remembered by many. I wish him well in energy sources," said McHale. "This is the Two, on a number of streetcorners in this type of agriculture that may be best suited city, men are lined up at 7 o'clock in the any tasks he undertakes in the future for family farming." morning seeking temporary jobs that pay as and hope that his many projects will still little as $1.50 an hour. According to one esti remain intact and financially supported mate there are well over 10,000 such men by the State. men so desperate for work that they will The following article which I wish MRS. CORETTA SCOTT KING TESTI spend 10 or 11 hours to earn 10 or 12 dollars. to insert in the RECORD summarizes one FIES FOR FULL EMPLOYMENT Three, when a painfully small number of of these projects which 1 am particularly public service jobs were advertised under in favor of as an exemplary model of the CETA program, over 3,000 people ap the ideals of self-suffi.ci'ency and environ peared at the Civic Center in downtown At HON. ANDREW YOUNG lanta. Some waited all night just for the mental preservation through a return to OF GEORGIA chance to apply for a job. organic, small-scale farming. Hope IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fully, other States will follow suit upon Finally, in several Atlanta neighborhoods Wednesday, Janua1·y 28, 1976 there is now the sorry spectacle of elderly realizing the many benefits of training men and women going from door to door, lit our young to live off the land once again. Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, erally begging for work. When a staff mem The article follows: on December 8, 1975, the Joint Economic ber of my organization told one such woman FARM TRAINING PROGRAM NEARS REALITY Committee of the U.S. Congress, chaired that he had no work to offer she burst into A plan to lease a farm at nominal cost to by Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY, held its tears to plead for 15 cents. She did not even t rain young people to become energy efficient regional hearings in Atlanta, Ga. During have the bus fare to return home. farmers is nearing reality, it was disclosed Against this tragic backgrolmd I think these p.earings, Mrs. Coretta Scott King, it is simply wrong to speak of a real recov by Pennsylvania Agriculture Secretary Jim president of the Martin Luther King, Jr. McHale. ery or to debate its pace. On the national "For four years we have worked on a plan Center for Social Change, testified ex level, unemployment has not only increased to train young farmers through a living ex pressing her concerns and views regard massively in the last years, but most projec perience rather than the usual classroom ing the dilemma of unemployment which tions do not even suggest a return to pre textbook approach," said McHale. "And now America now faces. During her testi vious levels until the 1980s. We are not ac we are ready to act on that plan." mony, Mrs. King told the committee: tually talking about a recovery from high levels of unemployment, but an acceptance Earlier this week, McHale and staff mem The problem of unemployment is at base bers of the Agriculture Department and the of high unemployment as a permanent part a political problem. We are suffering the of American life. Whatever the trends of Department of Community Affairs visited highest unemployment since the great de Springton Manor Farm, a 300-acre farm in industrial production or the GNP may be, pression, basically because of conscious, po they will have little human meaning if they Chester County owned by Forward Lands Inc. litically motivated decisions. The poor, mi Accompanying McHale was Jim Pierce, exec ignore the literally millions of Americans, norities, and average workingman, have been black and white, who are now suffering un utive director of the National Sharecropper deliberately chosen by the current adminis Fund which solicits private contributions to der the impact of the current recession. tration to bear the brunt of our economic And, let me speak just of black America for operate the Frank Porter Graham Expert policy. mental Farm and Training Center in North a moment, although unemployment cuts Carolina. Mrs. King has presented many points across the lines of race and tortures the McHale had visited the Graham Center of consideration which I hope my col spirit of every worker, especially the poor last month and was impressed with its pro leagues will take time to evaluate: and unskilled. gram to provide people with the skills and But, for black Americans, in particular, knowledge to remain in rural areas as farm TESTIMONY OF MRS. CORETTA SCOTT KING the economic policies and actions of the past ers. Pierce was invited to consult with state BEFORE THE JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE few years have been nothing less than a officials in setting up a similar program in I wish I could join in the discussion of the frontal assault on all the gains and victories Pennsylvania. economic recovery and how it is progressing, of the '60s. Even the slow and often inade Besides visiting Springton Manor Farm, but, in honesty I cannot. For the millions quate progress of that decade has turned McHale, Community Affairs Secretary Wil of unemployed it must be said that the no into absolute reverse in the '70s. The legis liam Wilcox and staff members from the De tion of "recovery" is little more than a cruel lation we black Americans struggled for and partment of Welfare also visited state-owned joke. For the 43,000 officially unemployed at times died for is now being literally un farms at hospitals in eastern and western Atlantans and the tens of thousands of dermined. To my mind, current policies Pennsylvania. others excluded from that category, there has amount to nothing less than the repeal of McHale felt the Springton Manor Farm was been no recovery, nor is one in sight. Even the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the gutting the best site to launch a farm training pro in the profoundly inadequate definitions we of its promise of justice. What good is the gram. The owner, Forward Land Inc., is a use, the number of jobless people in Atlanta legal 1·ight to sit ill a restaUl·ant 1f one can nonprofit corporation that acquires land for has recently risen. Once again the official un not afford the price of its food. And what open space use. It reportedly would lease the employment for September stood at 9.3 %, good is the promise of fair employment when farm to the state on a long-term basis at up a tenth of a percent from August, and up there is no employment. For black Ameri minimal cost. 4 full percentage points from September cans, the deliberate creation of high unem "We want to develop a comprehensive 1974. ployment has meant nothing less than the training program," said McHale, "similar to And this masks an even more vicious and denial of the basic human right to live as the one operating in North Carolina. This socially explosive reality. In neighborhoods full fledged members of the American would consist of learning through doing like my own, the unemployment rate is not system. courses in such diverse subjects as land use, 9 or 10%, but perhaps twice that figure. In But are there really economic policies grading, farm management care and con 1970, when the average rate for Fulton which can insure decent jobs for all Amer servation, methods, accounting, carpentry, County was 3.0% , unemployment was 7.1 % icans? January 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1403 I believe there are, and I am proud to above all else is leadership with the courage day off to greet the President. It was true serve with Mr. Murray Finley, President of and compassion to take the needed steps. that the federal workers of Huntsville were the Amalgamated Clothing Workers, as co given the day off, but NBC failed to say that chairperson of the Full Employment Action it was the national observance of Geot·ge Council, a broad coalition of labor, minority, Washington's birthday and federal workers church, and. business groups dedicated. to SLANTING THE NEWS throughout the Unit-ed States were given the supporting legislation which will insure de day off as they had always been in obser cent jobs for every American. I know Sena vance of that holiday. tor Humphrey and others on this committee HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG (Ken Clawson, Director of Communica are familiar with the work of the Action tions of the White House, telephoned Tom Council, so I will simply place these council OF COLORADO Brokaw that evening and asked that the item documents in the written record.. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be corrected. Tom Brokaw admitted the error Senator Humphrey, in fact, is co-sponsor Wednesday, January 28, 1976 bub there was no retraction on NBC until of two measures I believe are major contri three months later, on May 31, 1974, after the butions to the st.ruggle for genuine full em Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, dur NBC error was cited by a White House ployment. One, the "Economic Planning and ing the last several years thoughtful ob spokesman and reported by the wire serv Balanced Growth Act" proposes nothing more servers have become increasingly con ices.) dramatic than that we seek to plan ahead cerned about the emergence of so-called Catch phrases: With unnoticed and unat and try to anticipate problems, rather than tributed bias, an editorialized catch-phrase allowing them to catch us unprepared. The advocacy journalism in the national is added to the nation's vocabulary, by force chronic poverty and unemployment in Ap media and the decline in the old-fash of habit. Catch phrasing is a printed-word palachia stands as a sad monument to the ioned journalistic virtues of impartiality, and audio technique that has been stream effects of not planniug ahead. And black objectivity, and fairness. lined by television with the use of "Anti Americans, perhaps more than any other While some of the attacks on TV net War Movement," "Peace Movement," "The group. are all too aware of the effects of in works are undoubtedly excessive, in my Saturday Night Massacre " "The Mysterious dustrial reloqation, or rapid automation on opinion, many of the concerns which Alert," and "The Christmas Bombing" (and the economy of urban areas. Black people have been expressed are valid and de the word "Watergate" itself, used to house were drawn to central cities of our country all charges of the period). The streamlining by the promise of jobs. serve serious consideration. I, therefore, was applied by using catch phrases as mat But, even as they were arriving, the jobs commend the following article, published ter-of-fact routine and by repetition as "fact were passing them in the other direction, by Conservative Digest, to the attention phrases," making them appear to be non 1noving to far-out areas and are now even of my colleagues : · biased actualities. being "exported" to other countries. I sup [From the Conservative Digest, Examples: 1. The terms "Anti-War" and pose we are now to believe that the jobless February 1976] "Peace Movement" suggested that those who should migrate to Singapore or Taiwan to How THE TV NEl'WORKS MANIPULATE You opposed the movement were "PTo-War" and/ compete for their former jobs. Clearly, no one or "Anti-Peace." The "Anti-War" and "Peace who has examined the problems first-hand (By Bruce Herschensohn) Movement" was, in actuality, the Anti-U.S. can doubt that America a-:: a country ought News does not simply occur and is then Policy Movement a.nd, for the sake of ac to do what every American business does simply reported on television. Events occur. curacy, it should have been referred to in to plan ahead to deal with the employment Someone decides if a particular event is that manner. problems which the future will hold. worth reporting. Someone decides how it As the years progressed, it became more and The other bill, the "Full Employment and should be reported.. Someone decides what more apparent that some within the move Equal Opporttmities Act" is even more cen the narrative should be. Someone decides ment were opposed not only to U.S. policy, tral to the issue at hand. Introduced by how the narrative should be read. Someone but advocated the victory of the North Viet Representative Augustus Hawkins, the bill decides what moving visuals or graphics namese, the Viet Cong, and. the Khmer seeks to force the government to fulfill the should be used. Rouge, though they were never referred to as promise of full employment that it made There is a whole slate of decisions to be Pro-Communist, but only as "Anti-War" and thirty years ago, in . the 1946 Employment made. Within those decisions, the techniques "Peace" advocates. Act. The bill's central thrust is the clear, employed can influence the audience's re 2. "The Saturday Night Massacre" became uncompromised right of every American to ceptivity to a particular event. These tech the phrase used for the discharge of Archi a job. It commits the Federal Government to niques are the "fine print" of television that bald Cox and. the resignations of Elliot follow all the particular fiscal, monetary, and pass by virtually unnoticed and unchal Richardson and William Ruckelshaus. "Mas other measures needed to insure that such lenged. Some are used by instinct. Some are sacre" conjures images of murder in the old job opportunities are provided. This bill has used by design. West or the murders of St. Valentine's day. been criticized by some as unworkable and It is time to itemize some of the "fine "The Monday Night Massacre" was not tmrealistic. But if a government com print" in use by the newest and most in used for the April 30, 1973 White House mitment to full employment is unrealistic, fluential mass medium of communication. It termination of Bob Haldeman, John Ehrlich then someone must explain how France, is time to list some of those techniques that man and John Dean. That night was not Sweden and. many other European countries can discredit ideas a.nd people and can also selected for stigmatization, since the national have done the job. The men and. women who be used to advance other ideas and other media were pleased. to see them go. lose their jobs i-n those countries do not people. There was an awkward, repeated attempt end up forgotten and deprived, but reem The truth but not the whole truth: Al to label President Ford's pa,rdon of President ployed in new industries, new construction though the whole truth is known to the re Nixon as "The Sunday Morning Massacre," and the provision of health, education and porter or commentator, only a portion is but it met with no success. other services that are frequently far better told, which casts an invalid impression by Pretense balancing: The motive i'S to show than our own. In short, the opponents of intent. that the presentation is showing all sides full employment want us to believe that Examples: 1. Dan Rather reported a story of a particular story when, in fact, the what is possible for less wealthy countries that had appeared in The Wall Street Journal balance is tilted. is impossible in America. I, for one, cannot that alleged President Nixon had. "soundly Example: On Vietnam Veteran's Day o:t. accept such a view. slapped" a man in Orlando, Florida. Rather 1974, there were three s-egments to CBS's These measures would make a substantial stressed the fine professional reputation of news coverage of that event. The first seg impact on our cunent unemployment. But the reporter who wrote the story. ment was the ceremony at Arlington Ceme I would like to end by stressing one point. Dan Rather did not report the follow-up tery, the second was a story of Vietnam The problem of unemployment is at base story that also had appeared. in The Wall veterans who were demonstrating on Capitol a political problem. We are suffering the Street Journal that the day before Rather's Hill, and. the third was the story of a veteran highest unemployment since the great newscast in which the man who purportedly whose face had been blown to bits in the depression, basically because of conscious, had been slapped stated: "I wasn't slapped. Vietnam conflict and who had terrible and politically motivated decisions. The poor, I was affectionately tapped on the cheek. unjust problems with the Veteran's Admin minorities, and average workingman, have It's the greatest thing that ever happened istration. This left the audience with three been deliberately chosen by the current to 1ne." stories "regrading Vietnam Veteran's Day," administration to bear the brunt of our 2. Senator Barry Goldwater's criticism of one favorable and two unfavorable. economic policy. President Nixon was given wide network The favorable story and the first unfavor It is time we put a stop to this anti-social coverage, but when Senator Goldwater also able story (the dissenters on Capitol Hill) accused the press of being "hounds of de were truly news stories of activities per and anti-human strategy. The unemployed struction," his statement was given no net formed in recognition of Vietnam Veteran's are not pawns to be sacrificed in some eco work news coyerage. Day. The third story, which tilted the nomic chess game, but American citizens 3. When the President visited Huntsville, balance, was not a news story, but a story whom our leaders are elected. to serve. We Alabama on February 18, 1974, Tom Brokaw that had been reported months previously on have the economic tools and methods to of NBC News commented that thousands of the network news. create full em~loyroent today. What we need federal workers in Huntsville were given the Selectivity of interviewees: The meaning o! 1404 ·h-X'tENSlte>NS 0F'ltE:MAltKS JanuaPjj 28;' 19·rc a news event can be given a d·ecided tilt by out as ·they want, "it can be discarded. Other the courtroom!' Did'they "slip through" the those selected to be interviewed. ·' methoos of creating news are to give an un back door or did they "walk in"? Example: 1. On the Monday following important item' and extended story length, Ign.orfng : fol.lQw-_~f'I? sto1·ies: Follow-up Archibald Cox's discharge, the networks ran to ·have reporters· quote· other reporters, or ·to stories are often ignored when their usage 19 congressional attacks on President Nixon emphasize the ··fact that there is no news would be beneficial to those the networks and two defenses, though this was not a regarding a "continuing story." oppose or :J:larmful to those the networks en representative sampling of the Congress. T1·agedy and comedy reporting: There Is dorse. This technique is similar to, but not 2. Within days of Cox's discharge, Walter no hiding of passions within this type of re quite the same as, a total disregard of an Cronkite gave Archibald Cox 11 minutes of porting. The commentator comes right out important story. n3twork news time in a single interview, with it. Examples: 1. Howard Hunt testified before without any defender of the President. It Example: John Chancellor, usually one of the Senate Select Committee about spy work was the longest single interview ever given the most responsible commentators, gave a that was conducted ·against Senator Bari·y on a nightly network news presentation. chilling example of dramatic tragedy report Goldwater in 1964. The story died the riext Prior to the Cox inte·rview, the only other ing on the night of Archibald Cox's discharge day. two special interviews Cronkite had con· and the resignations of Elliot Richardson 2. In October 1974 the NBC and CBS net ducted on the CBS Evening News were with and William Ruckelshaus. When televised works carried a "source" report that Richard John Dean and Daniel Ellsberg. passion exceeds the immediate magnitude of A. Moore, special counsel . to the President, T1·eatment and respect given an inter the event, such excess can sometimes c·reate had been named as an additional unindicted viewee: The audience is immediately given its ultimate importance. The following are coconspirator. The New York Times carried ai1 impression about the person being inter excerpts from John Chancellor's report: the same "source" story on the front page. viewed by the questions he is asked and by "The country, tonight, is in the midst of The special prosecutor's office immediately the manner in which he is addressed by the what may be the most serious constitutional issued a formal denial of the story. reporter conducting the interview. crisis in its history ... That is a stunning The next day, The New York Times men Example: Shortly after the announcement development, and nothing even remotely like tioned the special prosecutor's correction on of President Ford's amnesty plan, Dan it has happened in all of our history . . . page 14. However, CBS and NBC never re Schorr of CBS interviewed a draft evader You are watching a special NBC Report of ferred to the prosecutor's denial in any way. with a display of courtesy one would think another event this year that we never be Mr. Moore asked NBC reporter Carl Stern, would have been reserved for Pope Paul VI. lieved would have happened in the history who had broken the ol"iglnoal incorrect Although Scho:rr had asked questions of of this Republic . . . A constitutional situa story, whether NBC would at least mention those in the Nixon administration as though tion that is without precedent in the history the correction as the Times had done. Carl he were volleying cannon balls, his questions of this Republic . . . In my career as a cor Stern replied, "I would like to, but as a tele to the draft evader were delivered with the respondent, I never thought I would be an vision man you should know that's not the tap and impact of a beach ball. nouncing these things ..." nature of the beast." Mr. Moore never was Using the license reserved only for jour Obviously, dramatic reporting is human, named a. coconspirator, unindicted or other nalists, Schorr participated in the cover-up understandable, and often valuable, as in wise, or even called as a witness, but the of the name and face of the evader as well as the case of the death of a national figure or damaging story remains extant, staining in the locale in which he was hiding. The obvi 1n the event of a natural disaster. But when the public record a man otherwise known for ous questions, such as asking what the evader it involves an element of political or partisan the highest integrity. thought of those who served or those who controversy, or both, it can be destructive. Acceptance of editorials: It has become an were wounded or those who were kllled or Oblique emphasis reporting: This is the accepted fact that network news will have an those who were jailed because they didn't most important and most often used tech editorial. But why? Why should an editorial hide, were not asked. nique of network news. Seemingly straight view be placed on a news program? Why is it Neither Schorr nor any other nationally reports are very often subtle editorializations. not possible for the audience to find out the televised interviewer chose to interview any The use of words and phrases gives transient news without hearing a.n edito1·ial? returned prisoner of war to ask their opin and subliminal points of view to the audi· Repetition: This is the simplest and oldest ions of the amnesty proposals. ence, most often without audience knowl technique of any medium that wishes to Crediting and discrediting: This newswrit edge. propagandize a point of view. It was Inher 1, 1974, ing technique is designed to give credit to Example: On October CBS reported ited from ages past and has never been used an editorial factor of the writer's choosing. the opening of the trial of Bob Haldeman, more strikingly or more effectively than it John Ehrlichman, John Mitchell, Robert Example: The National Citizens' Commit has in television newscasts. tee for Fairness to the Presidency was re Mardian, and Kenneth Parkinson. CBS' Fred When a story appears night after night ferred to both by NBC and OBS as "a group Graham opened the report with: with little added to the account, or if a "A central issue of the case is whether the continuing story is repeatedly given prece that calls itself The National CitizenS' Com dence over news items that are, obviously mittee for Fairness to the Presidency." "A passions and publicity of Watergate will pre vent a fair trial, yet only a handful of pro more urgent in the context of . the day's group that calls itself" sounds as though it events, it is a safe bet that the network is might not 1·eally be what its name implies. testors showed up as the once-powerful Nix on High Command came to court. Somebody setting up its own emphasis to maintain an But the organization was truly national; spat on John Ehrlichman's coat, but Kenneth objective, which is usually met. The creation with people representing every state of the Parkinson passed almost unnoticed. John of the most important story today, . with Union, it was certainly a committee com Mitchell showed he still has enough clout to repetition tomorrow, can truly make it im posed of citizens, and its purpose was surely wheel in through the judge's entrance, and portant the day after tomorrow. to advocate fairness to the Presidency. H. R. Haldeman and Robert Ma.rdian slipped EX!amples: 1. Our atrocities committed in Yet the term "a group that calls itself" was through a ba.ck door into the courtroom." Vietnam. never fixed by NBC or CBS to the American An examination of that paragraph gives 2. Charges against the Nixon administra Civil Liberties Union or Common Cause or five illustrations of point-of-view reporting: tion. Americans for Democratic Action or, for that 1. "A central issue of the case is whether 3. Bad news regarding the economy. matter, the Symbionese Liberation Army, the passions and publicity of Watergate will 4. Charges against the intelligence-gath though it was hardly liberating anyone, was prevent a fair trial, yet only a handful of ering community. not an army, and had a. membership of seven protestors showed up ..." The word "yet" In a country that deserves to rely upon people. The name persisted even after its suggests a disqualification of preceding free communications and must retain them membership had declined to three (CBS, phrase. at all costs, irresponsibility has been bred by April 18, 1975). The group was further dis 2. " ... as the once powerful Nixon High a national free press that betrays its name tinguished by the networks and others within and achieves distortion from the privileged the national media by their reference to it as Command came to court ..." "High Com mand" is a military term, not the term used sanctuary of an evening newscast. the S.L.A. for presidential appointees. From that sanctuary, newsmen cannot be Creation of news: Sometimes there is on called to account. They cannot be made to event during the day relating to a. continu 3. " ... Somebody spat on John Ehrlich man's coat, but Kenneth Parkinson passed reveal their source, though that source may ing story that the network wants to sustain. be inflicting damage upon the innocent. Creating a. related event is no real problem. almost unnoticed ..." The word "but," just as the word "yet," is a disqualifl.er, which They do not have to face a press conference, One method is for the network to send a for they are the press. They are not subject newsman and a camera crew over to the in this case suggests that spitting on John Ehrlichman may only have been a fluke. to investigative reporting, for they are the Capitol to talk to a senator or congressman reporters. about "the story." If the congressman or 4. ". . . John Mitchell showed he still has Walter Cronkite ends the CBS Evening senator is willing, he or she can make news enough clout to wheel in through the judge's News with the phrase, "And that's the way in an instant. Many are willing, since it is entrance ..." It was not because of clout, but it is." After the techniques of the trade have an opportunity to be seen and heard by because none of the other defendants re been used, some probably believe "that's the millions. quested permission to park within the build• way it is." Only sometimes. More often it is Networlts generally recognize a particular in~ . . the way the network has made the day's senator's or congressman's point of view be· 5. " ... and H. R. Haldeman and Robert events appear. Too often, that's the way it fore an interview is filmed. If it doesn't turn Mardian slipped through a baclt door into isn't. Januar;·y 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .1405
.~RRY S~RD . for~ bettpr day, or . g:ath~rl,ng .du~t . until . the So:m~h,~w ~~~~ . Ehrin~~a,'l'!s~ legisl'"tUJ;&tJ .. tires leaked fiat. had nibbled away at the sa.J.es tax, With ex FarmS and homes were foreclosed. Elec emption after exemption added, untU we HON. RICHARDSON PREYER tricity beyond the city limit was a novelty. had a tax both hard to administer and one OF NORTH CARO~A The "New Town" was a deplorable slum. that failed to meet the needs of the ci-tizens Schools were eight months and even years, of North Carolina. Some of my closest ad lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and more dropped out than stayed in. One of visors urged great dreams and little action, Wednesday, January 28, 19'16 the banks in town went broke and the one that I would have no political future if I that kept open didn't seem to mean much removed the sales tax exemptions. My answer Mr. PREYER. Mr. Speaker, this past to the average citizen. Many schools paid was tha.t I did not come to the Governor's weekend the former Governor of North teachers in "script" to keep from closing. Office to build a political future. Carolina Terry Sanford announced his The merchants accepted the script, and It is not my nature to brag, but the polit withdrawal from the race for President the teachers kept too.ching. ical guts to pay for what we get, demon of the United States. Governor Sanford All of these conditions were totally be strated by Governor Ehringhaus, and the now returns to his duties as president of yond ·the control of the people who were political vision to put our faith in people, most benighted. It was as if some god on demonstrated by President Roosevelt, were Duke University, a role he distinguishes Mc;mnt Mitchell had decreed a blight on the high school lessons I learned well and have as he has his past service as a combat lanq.. It had nothing to do with willingness not forgotten. paratrooper officer, attorney, State sen to work hard. The forces of Wall Street and The problem in America today is not so ator, and Governor. I am certain he will the bank panic and the paralysis of Washing~ much that we 1,1,eed a political platform of continue to speak out on important is tori were beyond the reach ·of ordinary things to do. We need the spirit and the will sues as he has in recent months. The mortals. · · and the self-reliance. We need leadership kind of message he has for our country Out of this I saw citizens of a little North with guts an4 vi~ion. Carolina town show the grit Robert E. Lee one chief reason I am running is that I is exemplified by the following statement talked about. The rations were short, but the feel so strongly that it is outrageous that we printed in the Raleigh, N.C., News and cheer was good. There was never any question have a government policy that tightens Observer some weeks ago. It is an ap of giving up. They would . work .out of it. money to create unemploYm.ent. A man·~ job . peal not so much for the election '·of a Self reliance and concern for others not so is his right, if he does it well and properly. candidate as for the election of reason lucky marked their lives. The tar on the Our policy is wrong. It is like the old Hoover and faith in our pursuit of national goals. heels stuck. days. I would put into effect immediately a It is a message that is strong with North Off in Raleigh a governor wa.s saying the full employment policy, which means that Carolina good sense and I commend it sta.te must have a sales tax. To keep our government will be using its efforts to pro~ schools open, he said, the state must pay mote productive jobs in private enterprise. to all candidates in the coming year and the bills. A tax on food and clothes and medi We do not need forced unemployment to stop to my colleagues in this House in partic cine, when we could hardly buy them in the inflation. We can handle both by the full use ular: first place! To critics, Governor Ehringhaus of our productive capacity, by a balanced fed TERRY SANFORD said, "If it is a choice between a sales tax eral budget in ordinary times, by lower in General Robert E. Lee gave North Caro on the one hand and a decent school on the terest rates, to name a few of the paths the linians the "Tar Heel" nickname. After one other, I stand for the school." I understood government can follow. of the fiercest conflicts of the Civil war, ac that. That was my kind of platform. This country has never had a full em cording to Creecy's "Grandfather Tales of In Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt was ployment policy. Our economic policy has North Carolina," the North Carolina troops starting Social security to do away with never put people first. It can be done. We can were taunted by soldiers from another state "county homes" and abject poverty for older work toward the time when every person who whom they felt had folded under pressure people. He was putting people back to work, wants to work can get a job. during the attack. In derision, because North understanding that the working man and Full employment will reduce some of the Carolina was a big producer of tar, pitch and woman came first, and that the prime pur~ causes of crime. Full employment will help turpentine, they yelled, "Any more tar down· pose of government was to help P.eople to help stop drug abuse. Full employment will help in the Old North State, boys?" themselves. A lot of fat cats objected, but eliminate slums and ghettos. Fu:l employ "Not a bit," retorted a battle-weary North President Roosevelt insisted that such was ment will reduce discrimination. Full em Carolinian. "Jeff Davis brought it all up. He's the purpose of government. That is why the ployment will give us a chance to reform the going to put it on your heels to make you American settlers fled Europe. Individual op welfare program. All this can be done with stick better in the next fight." portunity. The right to make the most of proper leadet~hip. General Lee, hearing of the incident, re your own life, regardless of birth or rank. The Bi-g Washington government needs to be marked; "God bless the Tar Heel boys." government ought to help, not hinder. I shaken and jolted. I'm capable of doing th~. I have been asked by The News and Ob understand that. That was my kind of We are over-regulated. One agency will server to state my political platform, but I platform. threaten to close your business if you do cannot do this adequately without starting I admired the governor with political guts something, and another is likely to threaten where I began. I have always felt there was and I admired the President with vision and a fine if you do not. Washington is regula something special about North Carolina. I faith and creative action. I began to think tion gone wild. They spy, investigate, prepare admit to prejudice. about maybe running for governor when I needless guidelines, and forget all about the I grew up in Laurinburg on dusty Cale came of age, and that I would have political taxpayro~ who pay them. We need someone donia Road before Kerr Scott's road bonds. · courage, and I would be creative to make to take charge of Washington that is not a We lived in a rented house. In the summer things better. part of Washington. That is one reason I we suckered and handed tobacco on Jack As I observed these lasting political les think a former Governor or North Carolina Roper's farm and picked cotton for Thad sons, I was in high school. I might not have ought to be running for President. Peel, and worked daily in our own big garden gone to college except Presbyterian Junior Our President could have helped keep to keep desperately ahead of the nut College was only six miles away and there down the cost of electricity, gas, heating oil, grass. The cotton mill behind our garden were not any jobs anyhow, and then word and gasoline. He didn't have to follow the ran two twelve-hour shifts. The whistle blew filtered ba.ck to Laurinburg that at the state Arab states. But he did. If I were President, at six and six, starting the choir of crowing~ university they would give you a job and lend I would want to be the champion of the roosters, city limits in those days being no you money to pay your way through college. people. I would have left on the lids to keep bar to chickens. Some years later, when I was governor, down the price of lights and fuel. Herbert Hoover was elected President, Gene all of this was an inde.Uble part of my atti I am not in favor of taking gun!'; away Tunney beat Jack Dempsey, Jack Murphy· tudes. For one example, I knew we must have from ordinary citizens who do not commit went off to college at Chapel Hill, Wherever the tools for building people. The Community crimes, and I am in favor of leaving the that was, and Jennings King and La.uder College system with technical institutes regulation of handguns to the states and Gibson went to a college Mr. Duke was build within reach of every citizen of the state is, cities according to their needs and dangers. ing at Durham, which my father, being ~ I contend, one of the most far-reaching ac~ There should be no national law, which Methodist, thought was wonderful. complishments of my term as governor of would only require the creation of another What has all this to do with my running North Carolina.. Almost 60 institutions, with regulatory agency, although the federal gov for president? It has a lot to do with it. It almost 200,000 enrolled today, came into ernment must regulate and control inter also has a lot to do with a "Tar Heel," and being, and maybe already a million North state sale and transportation of handguns. being from North C.arolina. Carolina people have been enriched and I would spread out the responsibility to My father and grandfather had a hardwa=re given the opportunity to advance their lives. people through their cities and towns and store. It went broke when Herbert Hoover We paid for them too, and a lot of other states. This is "working federalism." This was president. Jobs that people worked at things that have helped people. Some leaders country is too vast and diverse to work under just disappeared in those bleak years. The with vision would only have dreamed and one set of guidelines set up foil' both south mills slowed down so much the weekly pay talked, but it takes political courage, a will ern California and Vermont, to apply equally averaged $5. Cars sat idle for lack of gasoline ingness to risk unpopularity, in order to in North Carolina and North Dakota. I'd and license plates, either jacked up waiting serve bes1t. use the states more to cut through the Wash- .. 1406 -EXTE SIONS ·o:v REMARKS January 28, 19'i'6 ington bureauc:ra.cy, to get their sticky fin TEXAS MAYOR "ONE-UPS" J-HJD SECRETARY KISSINGER: CHOU EN gers out of our Uv:es. Pres14ent Ford promises . i .. LA!, THE LONG· MARCH, THE he will do this,. but he 1.s President now, and he hasn't. I would. MYTH, AND THE REALITY There is waste and waste and waste in HON. DALE MILFORD government. The military 'budget is ex · OF TEXAS tremely wasteful. We. have as many generals IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. LARRY Me ALD as we did in World W-az II. The waste actu OF GEORGIA ally hurts our e1fective defense. When one Wednesday, January 28, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES talks of cutting the milita.l'Y budget he is Mr. MilJFORD. Mr. Speaker, dis likely to be attacked as being soft on de tinguished colleagues, I would like to call Wednesday, January 28. 1976 fense, but I am not. I quit a draft free job to volunteer for parachute combat duty, and your attention to a delightful mockery Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. my American Legion comrades know as I do, of the Federal bureaucratic system by a Speaker, in all the recent attention paid that there is tremendous waste in the .Armed Texas mayor. officially and unofficially~ to the death Forces. We can cut that budget. I wourd. The article ran in the Fort Worth Star of Chou En-Lai, it is important to re The welfare program is wasteful, both of Telegram, Sunday, January 25. call the background of some of the peo money and lives. I would abolish the welfare And if it does not capture the frustra ple and events. When Sec1·etary Kissin program and start over. I am in favor of a tion of local politicians, businessmen and ger was in Communist China last fall he program that puts emphasis on training and people on the street, I do not know what jobs, a program that appreciates people and made the following statement in a toast: gives purpose to life. would. I understand that today is the 40th anni I am not in favor of court ordered busing The article follows: versary of the end of the Long March. This because it does not work to the advantage KEEP CmCLING THE BLOCK, MIDLAND TELLS occasion therefore has profound meaning for of the school child. Neither am I in favor of UNCLE SAM the People's Republic of China and those promoting a constitutional amendment to MIDLAND.-When the Department of Hous here tonight-including the Vice Premier prohibit school busing. That is like standing ing and Urban Development asked Midland and Ambassador Huang-who made that epic in the school do01• to prevent integration. It for a reserved parking space at the municipal March. That event was testimony to the · was a dishonest grandstand play designed to airport it got a dose of its own bureaucratic world as well of the courage and the vision fool the people and it did not work and never medicine. of those who set out on a patb whose length had a chance of working. If you count the Mayor Ernest Angelo said it took Midland and contours they could not know. Their st3tes that are concerned about busing, you eight months to get its application for HUD success was a triumph of spirit as much as can see l'ight away that there are not enough funds through the government's red tape. So exertion. And it demonstrates that faith is states to ratify such an amendment. The when HuD•s regional office in Dallas asked even more important than material circum common sense approach is to look at the Midland to set aside a parking space at the stancen in achieving great things. cause of busing in the first place, and do airport for a HUD field employe, Mayor An· I can only wonder if the Secretary something about that. Disadvantaged schools gelo wrote HUD's Dallas office: in disadvantaged neighborhoods stay dis "You must submit three executed and 14 had been poorly advised or whether he advantaged because no one in authority does confirmed copies of this application. purposely chose to make this statement. much of anything about improving them. "Submit the make and model of the pro Undoubtedly, the fervor poured into We need to improve these schools. It will posed vehicle (to be parked in the spaee) obituaries in the weeks ahead will pro take bold and creative leadership, but it is together with certified assurances tha.t every vide sources of material for articles and the only permanent solution. one connected with manufacture, servicing school books glorifying even fmther the Racial discrimination has not disappeared and operation of same were paid according late Premier of China and the march from American life, and it is not going to to a wage scale that complies with require that has ceased to be pictured as any be reduced much more by additional laws. ments of the Davis-Bacon Act. "Submit a genealogical table from every thing but heroic. We need leadership with sensitivity, with an 01 urge to call on the best instincts that are one who wlll operate said vehicle so that we John Gunther, whose Inside Asia" be within us, to treat all people, officially and can asce1·ta:in that there will be an exact came authoritative because it was popu unofficially, with the sense of human dig• equal percentage of whites, blacks and other lar, is filled with enthusiasm for China's nity and ''~orth that caused this nation to minorities as wen as women and the elderly. Reds who, according to Gunther, "are be founded. The same applies to the fnex "Submit eertified assurances that all OJl"' not very red by our standards.', eusable discrimination against women tn erators. of said vehicle and any filling station When Chiang Kai-shek drove the jobs and pay and other opportunities. personnel that service same will be equipped We lack vision and cow·age in interna· with steel-toed boots, safety goggles and Communist wh1g of the KuomintantJ out tional affairs. We do not live up to our re· crash helmets and that the vehicle will be of Hankow, the great city up the Yangtse, spcmsibility in the world as the leader of equipped with safety belts and air bag to in1927, the survivors gathered in Kiang- free people and people who dream of free· show compliance with the occupational i and set up their own Red Government. dom. safety and health act. They were hard to weed out because in In Angola, the most recent example of our "Submit environmental impact state emergencies they hid their arms and took blind and stumbling foreign policy, we rush ments. You will probably want to hire an on civilian anonymity. For '1 yeaJts they arms to one side of a little civil war, not expensive consultant for this item as you probably have no one on your staJI with the held out in Kiangsi and one of the because we know much about our side, not stories never written of tbat Pel'iod, nor because it is of any earthy concern to us wl1o expertise to prepare it. The statement should runs Angola, but solely because Russia and show the number of times the vehicle will be ever likely to be, is the story of the tt·ea t Cuba are helping the other side. Never mtnd operated, time of day, etc. etc., and conclu ment China's peasants received in the that Red China and South Africa are help sion as to the effect this will have on the at path of the Red horde"s wanderings. ing our side. mosphere in West Texas. "To. obtain approval of a negative impact Gen. Baron von Falkenhausen was We need the kind of national leadership Chiang chief military advise~ and that will stand above this foolish kind of statement you will not be able to opera.te the car on gasoline pl'Oduced from domesti~ architect of the plan to draw. an iron schoolyard scutrung. It would have been ring around the lair in Kiangsi, south great had we simply condemned the Soviet oil because that would require someone dis Union in the eyes of the world, and espe cover it. process and deliver it and it is pos west of Shanghai and sepru·a.ted from the cially in the eyes of the African nations, for sible that some private person, :firm or corpo sea by Fukien Province. The aim was to their intervention and imperialism, instead ration might realize a profit. However. if the starve the Communists out. On the night of joining in and becoming part of the petty gasoline is produced from foreign oil this of October 16, 1934, Mao and his follow will be acceptable. (You will) not b& able to mess. Where is our moral strength and self operate the car from energy produced from ers slipped through a breach in Chiang's confidence that a great free nation should be coal because this might require diggi11g a ring of fortifications. and began the exerting in international affairs? hole in the gr01.md; not operate the car by 6,000-mile march that was to last a year I close my case with a familiar quot-ation solar ene1·gy because this is the most abun and take them across 12 provinces, to from a sturdy No1·th Cru:olina mountain ma.u, dant energy available and is too practical to Yenan, in Shensi, below the Great Wall Thomas Wolfe: "I believe we are lost here in justify any expenditure for research and de in the north. America, but I believe we sl1all be found ... I velopm.ent. '' tllink the t1·ue discovery of America is before Angelo's postscript noted the city would Some non-Communist sources have us. I think the true fulfillment of O'lU' spirit') be happy to dispense with the red tape and given the figure as :ao.ooa for those who our people, of our mighty and immortal land, grant a. pa}·king space. left Kiangsi. Gunthe1·. the supel'ficial is et to come. I tblnk thEio true discovery of Copies were sent to President FOro and 1·eader's autholit.y~ wrote that 14>0.060 Ol.U' own demooracy Is still before·us.'' other gove
Date Population Date Populatio' served served Systems location In service Scheduled (thousands) Systems location In service Scheduled (thousands)
Massachusetts: 31.2 Amherst_ ____ ------. __ ------November 1970. _•••••••••••••• ----- 10.3 ~=~~~~~~~===:::::::::::::::::::::: ~~gt~~~~~\974:::::: ::::::::::::::: 43.1 Auburn. __ .------March 1973 ______------16.0 Southbridge •• ------December 1971.. ______------_ 19.3 Bellingham •• ------.-----_____ ------June 1975.------13.8 6. 3 Boston ______----___ ----______• November 1972. ______------800.0 174.5 Brookline ______----_------___ • November 1972. ______------52.8 5. 4 Clinton ______October 1972------13.4 4. l Dalton _____ ------. June 1971. __ ------7.8 19.2 East Longmeadow ______,---~------Aprll1975 ______[~~~~~i~~~~~~iii~~i~iii~iiiiiWestfield ______~~i~{!t~~1~~::~~~~i:~~~~i~~~i~iFebruary 1970 ••• ______----- ___ ~_ 13.2 31.4 Easton._------Apnl 1972" -~ ------12.0 35.1 Framingham_.------September 1971. •••• ______63.1 186.2 Georgetown ______----_------December 1975 ___ _ 5.6 ~~f~f~e~::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~a~J~}J}r!~i~~=::::::::::::::::::: : 7. 2 Grafton ______------__ • _____ ---••• March 1976 •• ----. 11.5 Michigan: Hamilton •• ------May 1973 •••••• ------__ ------10.1 Alf(onac. _------~----- __ ___ June 1977 ______12.0 Holliston._------September 1975 ••• 11.8 Chnt~n TownshiP------September .1973 ___ April1975 ______64.0 16.6 DetrOit. ____ ------4.9 Grand Rapids·------October 1970 ______May 1975.. ______l,m:~ 7.6 · Monroe. __ ------October 1970 ______• __ 24.0 4.5 Oak Park·------30.0 13.6 Pontiac~------September 1973 ___ ·March 1976 ______86.0 ~1!~~~mmmmmm~~m:~~~::!~~~=~~~~:~~J~l~~~~m~~ 73.0 17.1 1 8.4 61.4 ~l~m~;~~=::::::::::::::::::::::::-~:~~~~;-~;;i:::::~~~~~~~~~~r~~~~~= 91.0 23.0 Northampton. ___ ------.------. November 1972 •• _----- ______-----. 29.6 Independent· !r=~~~~~~~i~~~~==:::::::::::::::::::~~;~ telephone companies: : ~~~~======~ir~~=i§j~======Quincy------_ August 1971. ____ ------89.2 Michigan: Muskegon ______February 1972. ______------125.0
U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN ANGOLA our activities were covert. This concerns ticipate in the Angolan civil war. The me. The extent of our involvement in message is clear and in this instance the Angola has been clearly known for some amendment is largely symbolic. On this HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER time to the Soviet Union and the warring basis I supported the House approval of OF VmGINIA factions in the African nation; the the Tunney amendment. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American people also have the right to Wednesday, January 28, 1976 know this information. MODEL JUVENILE · DELINQUENCY Congress has an important role in PROGRAM Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, the House the formulation and implementation of has approved the Tunney amendment- u.s. foreign policy. It cannot cope on a offered in the House by Congressman day-to-day basis with the decisions nec .HON. PHILIP H. HAYES GIAIMo-to the fiscal year defense ap essary to carry out our policies and I do OF INDIANA propriations bill. The amendment ap not believe Congress is demanding this ·IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proved by the Senate l::;tst December pro kind of participation. However, major Wednesday, January 28, 1976 · hibits the use of funds in the bill for U.S. policy directions, especially when they activities involving Angola, other than involve active military conflict, are prop Mr. HAYES of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, intelligence gathering. · The Tunney · er subjects for congressional debate and leaders of the. city of Huntingburg in my amendment is not so much a judgment approval. It is important to make this congressional .district have developed a . as to whether the U.S. involvement in point. Passage of the Tunney amend program that has significantly reduced Angola is right or wrong-instead it re ment does not necessarily signal an end its juvenile delinquency rate and might flects a determination on the part of the to the U.S. involvement in Angola. Con well serve as a model for other medium Congress to obtain from the administra tinued assistance by the United States sized communities facing a similar tion a clarification of the reasons why to one of the factions within Angola can problem. it judges our involvement to be correct. and should be debated on its own merits. The program has two primary com and in the best interests of the United The position of the House and Senate ponents. In May of 1974, the city received States. on the Tunney amendment sends a mes a grant from the Indiana Criminal Jus It also -reflects serious misgivings in sage to the administration that Congress tice Planning Agency to hire a youth Congress about the nature of U.S. in and the American public demand to know counselor. And the city has opened a volvement in Angola_Until very recently. the basis for the policy decision to par- local, privately funded youth center Janurn-.y· 28, 1976 EXTENSIONs·· OF' REMARKS 1'411 which is operateq under the counselor's It has often been said that no matter Israel to· the .United States. His· visit, I direction. how difficult a Federal program may be~ believe, underscores ·once again the Although the hiring of a counselor and people in Minnesota will find a way to unique ties that bind our Nation to his. the opening of a youth center have not make it work. This has certainly been It also serves to underscore the· im made Huntingburg's juvenile delin true of the Robbinsdale experience. I am periled existence of Israel against a back quency problem disappear, police records particularly proud of Mayor Jim Mc drop of bloodshed, hypocrisy, and deceit, show a significant reduction in crime by Donald, the Robbinsdale Council. and its and the vital role the United States has young people over the past 2 years. housing authority. They deserve con played in helping her to overcome these According to Mayor Dale Helmerich gratulations for their excellent work. forces that would have crippled lesser Fewer juveniles are being apprehended by An unusual feature of this particular nations long ago. police, and the number being formally pro· closing was that it involved the coopera This backdrop has become increasingly cessed through juvenile court has drastically tion of a large number of other people darker for Israel. We have seen the PLO decreased. The vandalism tha.t was once a common expectation is now an infrequent and agencies. It is one thing to do a job invade Lebanon from Syria while pre occurrence. personally; quite another to successfully tending to pursue diplomacy in good organize other independent agenies and faith at the United Nations. We have A key factor in this success is a di personnel to assist in the completion of seen an increase in the concentration of version program in which first-time a task. economic and military power in the Mid juvenile offenders are referred to the First, a rental subsidy is being pro dle East which threatens and furthel' iso· youth counselor rather than to court. vided by the Federal Government under lates Israel. The counselor also works with young section 8. But, in this case, the pl'iority And we have seen Israel continue to people referred from local schools, par was assigned from an allocation granted survive. ents, police, and the juveniles themselves. by HUD to the Minnesota Housing Fi Yet I am distressed, Mr. Speaker. that The center is open 35 hours a week nance Agency. This, of course, took close while the United States continues to and provides a relaxed atmosphere for cooperation and hard work by the area strive for a negotiated settlement to end games, dances, and other recreation. The HUD office in St. Paul and the MHFA. the differences between Israel and her center also serves as a clearinghouse for Second, mortgage money for the fa Arab neighbors-and to seek a solution jobs. And workshops are held for parents cility was obtained through the Minne to the agonies of the Palestinian Arabs to help them understand and deal with sota Housing Finance Agency by the sale it threatens to undermine its own inten their problem children. of tax exempt bonds. Minnesota's Hous tions by reducing economic assistance to Mayor Helmerich says establishment ing Finance Agency was not the first in Israel by some $440 million over the com of a counselor's office and a youth center stitution of its kind in the United States, ing fiscal year. is a positive example of what can be ac but it is one of the most agg.ressive and Such a drastic cut in our aid to Israel complished when a communi'ty bands successful promoters of housing. offe1·s her enemies a blueprint for in together to assist and develop its most Third, the city of Robbinsdale made creased terror, intimidation. and tenor valuable of resources: Its young people. an important local effort itself. It dedi ism. Without our full support. Is1·ael's cated this year's Community Develop ability to defend itself is reduced. AMERICA'S FIRST SECTION 8 ment Revenue Sharing moneys to help With this awful truth in my mind, Mr. HOUSING PROJECT in absorbing land costs. In addition, the Speaker, I strongly urge the House-Inter city used ta.x increment financing to ab national Affairs Committee to complete S.Ol'b another large portion of land costs. action on the Security Assistance au HON. BILL FRENZEL Further, the city vacated a portion of a thorization to Israel for fiscal year 1976, OF MINNESOTA street to add to the parcel of land. and to begin immediately conside1·ation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fow·th, there was a donation by local of legislation for the coming year. Wednesday, January 28, 1976 Pl'ivate interests of another small parcel To strengthen the substance of that of land to fill out the parcel to provide consideration, I am today introducing a Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, on the the necessary square footage to cover resolution to maintain aid to Israel in fis morning of January 21, there occurred the density requirements. cal year 1977 at the same level as that for what is believed to be the Nation's first The citizens of Robbinsdale can in fiscal year 1976. The effect of this is to closing on a new section 8 housing proj deed be proud of the work done by a increase the administration budget re ect to be located in the city of Robbins variety of ag·encies and people in their quest by about $500 million for fiscal year dale, Minn. behalf. I surely am proud of what the 1977. On Friday, January 30, the city of city has done. Mr. Speaker, Israel needs our full eco Robbinsdale will mark the beginning of The Robbinsdale closing occurred only nomic support. More importantly, she the project with a special ground-break 1 day prior to another closing :In needs the assw·ance that the United ing ceremony. The ground is pretty hard Blackduck, Minn., a small rural com States will continue to stand beside her in Minnesota in January but, indeed it munity not far from the Canadian bor as she struggles for survival and peace in is· a special occasion. der. Other Minnesota projects have been the Middle East. After the passage of the Housing Act closed since and it is my hope that there of 1974, it has taken much time to pre may be many other candidates for first pare regulations and procedures under closing, because certainly we needed to WEST COVINA, CALIF.-53D which our totally new national hous get the section 8 program into high gear ANNIVERSARY ing program will be operated. After the as soon as possible. regulations and procedures were in place, ·However, until another community it has taken much additional time to presents a documented case, I am going . HON. JIM LLOYD evaluate proposals, set priority on the to consider the city of Robbinsdale as the OF CALIFORNIA proposals, and finally to put out bids. winner in the section 8 derby. Since the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The new procedures are complex, and it city is within my congressional district, Wednesday, January 28, 1976 is extremely difficult for local housing I consider it a winner in any case. authorities, local councils, developers, Mr. LLOYD of California. Mr. Speaker, and finance agencies to begin to make ef I would like to share with my colleagues f0ctive use of the new section 8 program. in the CongTess an occasion and achieve Robbinsdale was tl:e first community SUPPORT OF AID TO ISRAEL ment of which I am truly proud-the 53d anniversary of incorporation of West to get the job done because the people Covina, Calif. nf Robbinsdale wanted these housiug HON. H. JOHN HEINZ HI nnits very badly, and because the local West Covina is the city in which I live, rlected and appointed officials of Rob OF PENNSYLVANIA and where I served as mayor and city IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES councilman. It is therefore with a great binsdale were ~specially alert to carry out the wishes of the people. In addition, Wednesday, January 28, 1976 deal of community ptide that I share in the celebration of West Covina's 53d it took the willing and enthusiastic co-: Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker,·! join today birthday. operation of a number of other State and with the millions of Americans in wel area agencies to do the job. In the 53 years since West Covina be coming Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of came a city, its growtll and development ~ .1412 EXTENSIONS-OF REMARKS '' January 28, 1976
, . have been remarkable. Only. 535 persons . Congress finally approved legislation to es- tives and· the other body were locked in· : • • , ,. lived in the citrus and walnut groves tablish such a strategic oil reserve. It is es- a battle over language regarding a spend which became known as West covina in sential now that Congress and the Ford Ad- ing limitation. Finally on the last day ministration give this program the priority before we adjourned, a lengthy para 1923. In the 1920's, West Covina was also that it so clearly requires. known for being a huge flower garden The congressional plan provides for a graph or two promising a spending lim- with hundreds of acres planted in blos seven-year program to accumulate about 500 itation was added to the tax cut exten soms grown for seed and market. mlllion barrels of crude oil and petroleum sion bill. Many of us in the Congress will The city t•emained a small and quiet products that are to be stored around the be watching to see whether the majority community within the San Gabriel Valley country. The goal is to have a reserve equal party stands by what I believe should be to 90 days of imports, based on 1975 figures. a firm commitment to hold down spend untill955, when Garvey Avenue was en The petroleum would be stored in salt larged and transformed into the San domes, tanks and possibly mines. Site ing in the face of this tax cut extension. Bernardino Freeway. In that same year, studies are already under way. I include in my remarks at this point West Covina was named the fastest In practice, the 90-day reserve could be an editorial from the Daily Times of growing city in the United States. Today, stretched further. The assumption in con- Salisbury, Md., which expresses the fact about 73,000 persons make West Covina gress was that a new oil embargo would in- that a great many Americans will also be their home, and commercial and recrea terrupt imports by no more than half. The watching us to see whether or not we tional development has kept pace with 1973 Arab embargo reduced imports by about are sincere in our expressed position to a third, though since then the percentage of ·· h ld d d' · th 1976 the population. imports from .AJ:ab producers has increased. O OWn spen mg In e year : Regional shopping centers and county The chances are that the stored reserve, MORE DEBT AND INFLATION offices have earned West Covina the nick when completed, could substitute for Arab The 1975 tax cuts will be extended into at name of "Headquarters City of the San oil for about 180 days. In addition, the Presi- least half of 1976, and while the American Gabriel Valley." It is also the city of dent has standby authority to take a variety taxpayer may be the short-range winner, the beautiful homes, with an environment of conservation actions, up to rationing, that compromise worked out between Congress conducive to family living. would extend available supplies·still more. and President Ford spells only one thing- West Covina's physical attributes are Congress has not sought a crash program more deficit financing. many, but I believe that the reason that to build up the strategic reserve. Its time- The President's attitude was initially one table calls for 10% of the total supply goal which called on a spending ceiling to corre it has flourished, prospered, and grown to be 'acquired and stored within 18 months, spond with the tax cut extension. Congress these past 53 years is because of its peo 25% within three years, 65% within five defied him on that point and sent up a bill ple-our main community resource. years, and the full amount at the end of which lacked that provision. He vetoed it. west Covinans take pride in their city. seven years, by the beginning of 1983. This His veto message asserted that there could They take an active interest in their phased approach provides for orderly site still be a tax cut. All Cong:-ess had to do was schools and in the recreational opportu acquisition and nondisruptive petroleum get on the stick as regards spending reduc nities in the community. They are also purchases. The only trouble is that the tions to match the income loss. Then the big in whole program is years late in getting compromise began. Both the President and active their city government and board started. Congress can claim victory. of education. It is not really launched yet. One big prob- The face-saving compromise is vaguely Fifty-three years have gone by since lem Is assuring adequate and continuing worded anti-spending verbiage. It says some municipal incorporation and many funding to pay for the project. At present thing like Congress is determined to control changes have taken place. But, just as prices, the 50 million barrels that are sup- spending. And, it promised to reduce spend the past has been rich and fulfilling, the posed to be in storage by mid-1977 would ing equal to any additional reduction in city of West Covina and its people are cost about $650 million. Added to that are taxes. But there's nothing binding about it. continually workint; to insure a better the costs of acquiring and developing storage There certainly are good reasons for con- future for the next generation of West sites. tinuing the tax cut mainly as a primer of the President Ford's budget, as it now stands, recession pump. The restoration of the older Covinans. all but ignores the strategic-reserve progt·am. taxes would have hit the poor the hardest. On behalf of my colleagues in the Con Fortunately, however, Congre~ does not But is it not possible to reduce spending in gress, I salute West Covina on its 53d an- have to look far to find the means for meet- the bloated federal government? niversary of cityhood. · ing most of the program's costs: · This is the Pt'oblem-reducing spending. Legislation to greatly expand production And with elections coming up now in less from the Elks Hills Naval Petroleum Reserve than a year, don't look for much, if any in Kern County cleared both houses of Con- thing, to happen in either tax cuts or re THE URGENT NEED FOR FINAL gress as long ago as last July, and now awaits duced spending. The safer forecast is more ACTION ON. ELK HILLS LEGISLA action by a joint conference committee. Elk debt and more inflation, while politicians TION mns production could eventually total 300,- posture and promise. 000 barrels a day-worth, on an annual basis, about $1 billion to the government. The Elk HON. ALPHONZO BELL HUls conferees have before them a provision OF CALIFORNIA. to earmark at least part of that production THE FUNERAL INDUSTRY AND PRO either in the form of oil or sales revenue POSED FEDERAL REGULATIONS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the strategic reserve. They should not fail Wednesday, January 28, 1976 to approve this priority need. Prompt action is necessary. The long delay Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to call on the Elk Hills legislation, the long delay'in HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI to the attention of my colleagues an edi establishing a strategic oil reserve have been OF WISCONSIN torial from yesterday's Los Angeles American reliance on imported oil grow, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Times speaking to the need for final ac American vulnerability to any interruption tion by the Congress on legislation to of supp1ies increase. Wednesday, January 28, 1976 open the Naval Petroleum Reserve at Elk Further delay, either in enacting requisite Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, over the Hills in California to production. legislation or in carrying it .out, would be last few years we have become more Although I do not necessarily fully unacceptable. aware of the potential for overregulation concur with the writer's comments con by the Federal Government, which I be cerning strategic storage, I whole lieve is a step in the right direction. Cer heartedly concur with his call for tainly there are areas which need regula tion to some degree, and at times that prompt final action by the conferees on MORE DEBT AND INFLATION the Elk Hills bill. regulati"on must come from the Federal Government. However, at the same time, The complete text of the editorial we must avoid oven-egulation at the follows: HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN Federal level by carefully considering all PUTTING OIL IN THE BANK OF MARYLAND aspects of any proposed regulations. The United States, virtually alone among IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These considerations must include the the industrialized nations, does not have any purpose of the regulations, the need for significant stored reserve of petroleum to fall Wednesday, January 28, 1976 back on should imported oil supplies be in- regulation, and the overall effect of the terrupted. · Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, as we all implementation of the proposed regula Last month, more than two years after the recall shortly before our adjournment on tions. Accordingly, I would like to call Arab oil embargo demonstrated the need, December 19, the House of Representa- attention to testimony given to the U.S. ~X'J::E.NSlON£ OF- RE:M:ARKS 1413 ·
Federal Trade Cp:mmissioJl by Wj_scon. through statu_te or, a4.m~P-iF?t~ative rules at Advert isi_ng of f1,meral servic~s could bri~1g sin's Lieutenant Goyemor, the HonorabJ~ any leve.l of government. . . '· . about more competitive prices and it could J. We have all been socialized to avoid dis• actually trigger discussions within a family Martin Schreiber, .on proposeq trade cussions of death and we have beeni~sula.ted as to individual -preferences for funeral serv-: regulation rules affecting_funeral indu~ f1;om the normal supply. and demand mark~t ices. Advertising need not be unprofessional, trv nractices. Mr. Schreiber's testimony forces for funeral services due to .the subject unethical, or result in unfaJr competition. a;. chairman of tlie Governor's Council matter. It will be a slow process to condition Unfair or deceptive advertising is clearly for Consumer Affairs reflects . the con people to _be . more realistic about funeral prohibited by law; here in Wisconsin _there cern of responsible oitizens, businessm_en, services-to ask about itemized costs of fu is p.o ot her prohibition against advertising. and. Government officials over . the po neral services, the_ differences between cre In spite of this, advertising, other than in tential of counterproductive, . unneces mation an~ regular burial, the cost differ the yellow p~ges, is not common. ences and utility of a more expensive casket, In my opinion, any and all inquiries about sary, and ineffectiv~ Federal regulations. and the reasons for having embalming and funeral services should · be encouraged. In this respect, I. commend to the_at burial vaults. Few people could discuss these Funeral directors should certainly not be tention of my colleagues Lieutenant Gov matters rationally immediately following a expected to give highly detailed price infor ernor Schreiber's testimony which ques death in the family, even though they are mation over t he telephone. Our survey tions the basic intent and necessity _of all factors in the cost of the funeral services results showed that funeral directors have adopting Federal regulations affecting provided. I might a.dd that our sur_vey results somewhat st andard prices for most o:f thE'ir the funeral industry: showed that, with the exc~ption of the casket, services-such as cost per mile for trans the· burial vault and possibly long distance portation, standard cash advance item 0osts, COMMENTS ON THE PROMULGATION OF A transportation, the cost of no single item fees for viewing room, embalming, and cas FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULA exceeded $100; however, collectively, they kets. Therefore, it would be difficult for them TION RULE CONCERNING FUNERAL INDUS• add up to an expensive funeral package. to at least provide basic price information TRY PRACTICES People need to · be encouraged to make on request. In a more competitive market, it I appreciate having this opportunity to advance arrangements, or at least discuss would be to their advantage to have infor comment on the proposed Federal Trade arrangements with their famllies 1n advance. mation available to answer inquiries.· Commission trade regulation concerning fu This is an area which the FTC rule should One of the questions accompanying th_e neral practices. The Governor's Council for address in some detail. Here in Wisconsin, proposed rule asked what I consider to be Wisconsin by distribuitng the survey devel· the procedure is set up in the statutes for the essential question: what impact ,-.,ould oped by the FTC to all funeral ·directors. I pre-arranged funeral (Sec. 156.125.). Paf• this rule have on consumers? Using the con would like to convey to you our findings and ment for the services is made in advance; text of existing Wisconsin law aild current observations as they relate to this proposed however, the money draws interest in a bank funeral practices in Wisconsin, I would say rule. · or trust company and can be withdrawn at the impact would be negligible. Many con In my opinion, the FTC is dealing with any time. The individual's investment is sumers would be offended by the explicit dis two different issues in this proposed rule protected and the famUy is spared the ordeal closures; others would choose to ignote dealing with funeral practices: one, the act of making the arrangements at the last min them; and funeral directors would, in the ual trade practices of funeral directors; and ute. One of the greatest problelllS, in my end, have more paperwork. However, what is secondly, the disclosure of information about opinion, is that people make elaborate fu important is that I doubt it would lead to the funeral services to the public. neral arrangements for a relative based more rational, unemotional decisions in the The first is an area which can be dealt either on what they think that person would purchase of funeral services. Untu· the with simply by specifying certain prohibited have wanted or on what they feel is their groundwork has been laid to ma-ke people practices, such as the removal of bodies with obligation to have only the best-and there receptive to this kind of information and to out authorization. Many states, including fore the most expensive. Obviously, when a businesslike approach to fune!"al services, Wisconsin, already have statutes and admin people have this doubt or sense of obligation, this kind of rule will have little impact on istrative rules dealing with these and other they can easUy be led into unnecessary and people's lives. · potential abuses by unethical funeral direc overly expensive arrangements by an unethi I appreciate this opportunity to have com tors·. Since there are no significant number cal funeral director. While it may help the mented on the proposed FTC rule. If you of complaints on file with any of Wisconsin's situation to establish rules and regulations have any further questions, please do not enforcement agencies, it appears that the on proper disclosure of information and hesitate to contact this office. Wisconsin law has been effective in prevent what is acceptable conduct for a funeral ing unethical practices: director, the root problem will not have been With respect to other potential abuses, eliminated-a refusal to make rational, un such as those listed in the first question emotional decisions about funeral arrange accompanying the proposed FTC rule, our ments before a death in the family occurs. DETENTE: A LOOK FORWARD survey results indicate ; that most funeral To the extent that the proposed FTC rules directors in Wisconsin have made no attempt help in this socialization process, I support to limit the availability of consumer infor its provisions. Key elements in creating pub HON. JOHN P. MURTHA mation. In parts of the country where there lic awareness include itemization of costs, is insufficient protection against unethical advertising of funeral services, and the en OF PENNSYLVANIA funeral directors and where there is a docu couragement of inquiries about the cost of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mented record of abuse, the FTC proposed funeral services. It is essential, in my Wednesday, January 28, 1976 rule would provide valuable consumer pro opinion, that the actual costs of funeral tection; however, in Wisconsin the proposed services be revealed. Many would argue that Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, in 1969 rule would add little to our disclosure re .. this kind of itemization will only drive all the cu1Tent phase in our relations with quirements. funeral prices higher, since the higher priced the Soviet Union began when President The receptiveness of the public to the dis funerals will no longer be able to subsidize Nixon declared that- closure portion of the proposed rule must be the losses on cheaper funerals, Initially, given careful consideration. While I agree itemization may force the price of services After a period of confrontation, we are that consumers should be provided with more up to the lower end of the scale; however, now entering an era of negotiation. complete information on whic~ to base a in the long run prices should adjust to the Last week marked the seventh anni buying decision, I am not convinced that the free market forces of supply and demand. public is ready for detailed disclosures, espe versary of that statement. It should also There wm always be people for whom cost mark a time when the American Govern..: cially the kind of information covered in is not a factor who will want more elabo Sec. 453.3 of the proposed rule. In develop rate funerals; and there will always be peo ment and people resolve to take a careful, ing these proposed rules, the FTC may be ple at the lower end of the economic ~::cale thoughtful look at U.S. policy toward assuming a level of interest in the details of who cannot afford even the least expen Russia. funeral arrangements which may not now sive funeral. If package prices were estalJ Certainly no one can disagree with the exist. For most people the loss of a member lished for the lower end of the scale, for remarks of Secretary of State Henry of the family and the emotional ordeal of funerals under $500, these two extreme cases Kissinger that- a funeral is very difficult; needless to say, could offset each other. The greatest number it is difficult to think of the experience in In the thermonuclear age, there is no al of people fall in the middle price range of ternative to coexistence. Rhetoric cannot re terms of a typical consumer transaction. It funerals. If these consumers were made is one thing for the FTC to establish dis move the Soviet nuclear arsenal or reduce aware of the actual costs of items in the the risk of needless confrontation. closure requirements for buying a mobile funeral services through itemization, they home and quite another to require compre might select a lower cost funeral package. But there are many paths to that co heusive disclosure on the details of funeral Until people are made to pay the actual arrangements. existence. Increasingly the reaction to costs of services they receive, there will be American policy-usually termed "de Rather, the public must be educated to no incentive for consumers to consider costs care about the facts and figures in funeral and there will be no opportunity for !ree tente"-is that it simply is not working. arrangements in advance. . But I do not be n1.arket forces of supply and demand to oper The behavior of the Soviet Union has lieve that t(his education can be acc~mplished ate. left a tremendous gap between American ...-\ . 1414 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Januarry 28, 1976 expectations ·for detente and interna leagues' attention a relatively new disci close contact with the House of Repre tional realities. pline of medicine and one of the organi sentatives Subcommittee on Govern In the January 26 edition of U.S. zations dedicated to helping us make cer ment Activities and Transportation and News & World Report, the growing con tain that Government regulations do not its recent oversight hearings on the im cern of the American people about the hamper the safety and speedy delivery of plementation of the Ha~ardous Trans development of detente was reflected in this health care. portation Act by the Department of this statement: I am now speaking of the field of nu Transportation and the Federal Aviation PLAYING BY TWO SETS OF RULES clear medicine a.nd the 2-yea.r-old Amer Administration. Americans often define detente a,s a live ican College of Nuclear Physicians. It found itself in agreement with the and-let-live relationship between the super Nuclear medicine is the clinical field members of the House subcommittee on powers. Moscow's definition is quite different. concerned with the diagnostic and thera the necessity for the safe transportation There it is interpreted as a process that- peutic use of radioactive materials called of hazardous materials-including nu Enables the Kremlin to secure important clear supplies-without the disruption of advantages ft•om the U.S. in the way of tech radiopharmaceuticals. It is a vigorous, nology, credits, grain and parity in strategia dynamic field that has had a phenom speedy delivery of medical supplies. weapons. enal growth over the past few years and Both the subcommittee staff and the Permits 1\Ioscow to support "wars of na will continue to grow rapidly in the fu Air Line Pilots Association reaffirmed the tional liberation" in the "third world" and ture given the proper conditions. necessity for fast and efficient air ship to back Communist bids for power in Western Nuclear medicine not only is an infant ment of radiopharmaceuticals-subject Europe-so long as the risk of nuclear war compared to the basic practice of medi to proper packaging and quantity safe is avoided. cine, but the fearful images sparked by guards. Prohibits the U.S. from supporting demo The organization also is vitally in cratic forces in Communist Eastern Europe thoughts of nuclear reaction make it or inside Russia. more difficult to deliver the benefits of terested in the proposed congressional this discipline to our Nation. amendment to the Public Health Service I would add these observations of my The newness of the discipline was un Act and has made its input to the Sen own: derlined recently in the action of the ate Subcommittee on Health in this area There is no doubt Soviet military forces American Medical Association which of health care. are on the increase while U.S. forces are only in November of last year voted to The college also was one of the orga decreasing. Total Soviets under arms establish a special section of nuclear nizations filing comments on proposed total between 3.5 and 4.2 million men, medicine although a number of other Federal Aviation Administration regula while U.S. troop strength is at 2.1 million; · special sections had existed for a long tions on the monitoring of radioactive The Soviet Navy is ra,pidly increasing time. materials by aircraft operators. A num at a time when U.S. naval ship strength Speaking on the issue at the annual ber of organizations felt the emphasis in is at its lowest point in 30 years, and convention of the AMAin Atlantic City the regulations was wrong, and the col our future building policy remains un last year, Dr. Gerald DeNardo, president lege felt the proposed ru1es could hamper clear; and of the American College of Nuclear Phy the speedy delivery of medical supplies. We are at a vital juncture in the SALT sicians, noted: As a result of comments, the Depart talks that will tell us a great deal about The College respectfully urges the estab ment of Transportation revoked the rules the future arms ·course of the world; lishment of a Section on Nuclear Medicine. and proposed new ones. these negotiations are a key to the future There is a special urgency for action at this The college also is working with the defense postw·e of both countries. time. Food and Drug Administration and In 1974 when I served as one of three The pressure of current social crises, while other Government organizations in pro members on the Subcommittee of the affecting all medical practice, are especially moting programs which will benefit the Armed Forces Conm1ittee overseeing the pressing in the area of nuclear medicine. The Nation in the field of nuclear medicine. SALT talks, negotiators stressed one air transportation of radiopharmaceuticals The activities in this area are too nu point to us continually: pay attention to is just one area in which we have been active recently. This, and the resolution of other merous to recount here. The principal Russian actions, not Russian words. matters, would be more effectively enhanced purpose I had in mind today was to draw The thrust of the Soviet defense by the establishment of a section. attention to just one of the many efforts policy-the buildup of conventional Until such a section exists, the practition being made to cooperate with the Fed forces-is clear from the facts. I am ers of nuclear medicine cannot properly con eral Government to facilitate the delivery hopeful the President's budget request tribute to organized medicine and the health of health care to our people. for defense will stimulate the kind of care delivery system. The college also is active in encow· cool, respectful, intelligent congressional, This is the principal purpose of the aging State organizations of nuclear and national debate that is sorely needed college. It grew out of the society of nu medicine to work on that level to give us on American defense policy. I believe clear medicine which is devoted prin a more consistent nationwide program such a debate is essential to the future cipally to the scientific progress of the in this area. of the United States. discipline. I would like to mention that the col We do not have to abandon "detente" The founders of the college felt that lege is closing its second year with its or peaceful coexistence for this debate to an organi~ation was needed to deal with convention in Miami Beach, Fla., begin be a success. But neither can we blindly the problems of a more ordinary natw·e ning January 28. During this convention, persevere with a key defense and foreign which were hampering or threatening to the members will discuss ways of build· relations policy without being certain of hamper the safe and economical delivery ing on cooperative efforts to foster the our goals and policy development. We of this health care service. safe and economical delivery of nuclear have to set a clear national course that The college listed among the problems medicine. recognizes the Soviet Union's goals and encountered in the field the following: responds in a way that will keep us No. Public fear, lack of understanding, and 1 in defense and stabilize our foreign misinformation about nuclear medicine; OMNIBUS RAIL LEGISLATION: policy for the years ahead. Unnecessary and costly regulations A GOOD BEGINNING and restrictions; Complex State and Federal regula HON. H. JOHN HEINZ HI tions; OF PENNSYLVANIA AMERICA COLLEGE OF NUCLEAR Transportation difficulties involving IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PHYSICIANS nuclear medicine supplies; and The previous lack of a cohesive effort Wednesday, January 28, 1976 in attacking such problems. Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, I would like HON. JERRY M. PATTERSON The thrust of the new organization's to express my admiration and respect to OF CALIFORNIA effort have been in the direction of fos all those who have worked long and hard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tering activities which will help practi to bring S. 2718, the Rail Revitalization tioner deliver this health care to the and Regulatory Reform Act of 1975, Wednesday, January 28, 1976 public safely and at minimal cost. through the legislative process. Mr. PATI'ERSON of California. Mr. For instance, the college has been in I particularly wish to congratulate Speaker. I am pleased to call to my col- January 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1415 those who have worked, successfully I NEW YORK CITY'S NEW BUDGET and Mr. Zuccotti was with the Department believe, to resolve the differences be DIRECTOR of Housing and Urban Development, the men tween the administration and Congress first met. Mr. Kummerfeld as a consultant to Mr. zuccotti, when the latter was chair on this important bill. The act indicates man of the City Planning Commission, on at last that we in Congress recognize the HON. WILLIAM A. BARRETT a task force studying alternatives to city important role that railroads can play in OF PENNSYLVANIA housing. the future of this country. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is this association, too that he could be As a Member of Congress from the one of a group of men perhaps overly loyal 17 -State region affected by the Regional Wednesday, January 28, 1976 to Mr. Zuccotti, that wm be watched by Rail Reorganization Act of 1973, I had Mr. BARRET!'. Mr. Speaker, on Jan politicians and City Hall observers. For in what has come to be a highly sensitive city been anxious about the economic effect uary 26, Mayor Abraham Beame of New position, Mr. Kummerfeld will be watched the reorganization would have on the York City named as the city's new budget for his political and professional perform State of Pennsylvania. I think the bill we director, Mr. Donald D. Kummerfeld. ance. have worked so hard to come up with Don has served as an adviser and a con TWICE IN WASHINGTON is a good beginning. sultant for over the past 6 years to the But politics will not be entirely new to the This bill has been designed to elimi Subcommittee on Housing and Commu 41-year-old specialist in urban housing and nate those problems that drove seven nity Development of which I am privi municipal financing. He was a member of railroads into bankruptcy in the North leged to chair. He participated very ac the Federal budget statf twice, first in 1959 east. We have done this by providing a tively in our subcommittee's wide-rang and again following a fellowship at the London School of conomics from 1961 to funding structure for ConRail, and by re ing review of alternative solutions for 1968. He served as statf assistant to two forming the administrative procedures our Federal housing policies back in 1971 Budget Directors, David Bell and Kermit and regulatory policies under which our as a consultant to the subcommittee, Gordon. railroads operate. In doing so, we have and served the subcommittee extremely Donald Kummerfeld was born in Gilroy, swept away many of the outmoded re well, along with his able colleague who Calif., on June 11, 1934. He attended Stan strictions that prohibited railroads from was then special counsel to my subcom ford University, earning a B.A. in philosophy competing with other transportation mittee, John E. Zuccotti, who is now the in 1956 and a master's in political science modes, and have made it possible for deputy mayor of New York City. two years later. From 1958 to 1960 he was a university scholar at Harvard and received railroads to borrow funds in the private Since that time, Don Kummerfeld has a master's in public administration. In 1968 market. served as an adviser to my subcommit and 1969, he was statf director of the Urban Unfortunately, ConRail will not be tee on matters pertaining to long-term Institute, a nonprofit research group in able to encompass all the lines in the 17- financing problems of the housing in Washington; and in 1969 co-founded Gov State region, including about 1,200 miles dustry. I congratulate Mayor Beame on ernment Research Company, a consultant of track in Pennsylvania. I am pleased, another excellent appointment to a most concern to businesses dealing with the Fed however, to note that the final version crucial agency in the New York City eral Government. my government. I am sure that Don Kum Mr. Kummerfeld joined the First Boston of the omnibus rail bill includes Corporation in 1971 as a vice president in the amendment to establish a Fossil Fuel merfeld will serve his mayor and the city public finance department, where he gave Rail Bank through which potentially 800 of New York with the highest standard. advice ou urban housing and development additional miles of Pennsylvania rail Mr. Speaker, I include following my and long-term bond borrowing to the District lines could be preserved. remarks an article that appeared in the of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Broward County, · Also, the conference report incorpo Tuesday, January 27, edition of the New Fla. and the Hackensack Meadlowlands Com rates most of my original proposal to York Times on Mr. Kummerfeld: mission in New Jersey. He has served as an continue the operation of ''contested CITY's NEw BuDGET DmECTOR-DONALD DAviD adviser to the House Banking and Currency KUMMERFELD Committee and the House Budget Commit branch lines'' serving vital industries tee. with no feasible transportation alter (By Fred Ferretti) Mr. Kummerfeld is the author of "The native. While not quite as strong as the Donald David Kummerfeld, already con Housing Subsidy System: A Critical Analy legislation I introduced on October 2, firmed as the city's newest Budget Director, sis," and co-author of a study in municipal the conference report provides for a 5- was preparing for his obligatory City Hall financing, not the sort of short-term financ year decreasing subsidy program for news conference yesterday when, according ing the city has been involved in recent lines scheduled for abandonment, in to mayoral aides, he asked: "What should years, but long-term bonds. He said that he cluding a 100-percent subsidy for the I wear? I don't want to look like a banker." had not been involved in selling or advising He was told, "We don't care what you wear, on New York City securities while with First first year. This will assure the continua just don't talk like a banker." Boston. tion of rail service and allow the States Mr. Kummerfeld, until his city appoint He visits a cottage on Cape Cod in East or users of rail service the time they ment was a $100,000-a-year vice president Erewster with his wife, Elizabeth Kubota need to raise revenue to meet their share of the First Boston Corporation, laughed Miller, aud their daughter, Theodosia, 14, of the subsidy for the following 4 years. over the incident, discounted most of it and golfs and plays tennis. "But my passion is This legislation will not solve all of said: "There was remarkably little coaching. gardening. On my terrace I grow tomatoes, the problems facing the rail industry in They really totally trust me." lettuce, peppers, cucumbers. I spend whole this country. And, the organization we Perhaps that will be so, but within that weekends diddling in my garden. I don't preparatory banter rests the realities that know if I'll have any chance for that now." have created, ConRail, must be closely Mr. Kummerfeld will be faced with almost scrutinized so that we can assure the immediately. Will he be perceived as another American people that their tax dollars bankers' man at City Hall? Will he be are being wisely spent and that in the trusted? VA BURIED UNDER PAPERS long run rail service and transportation AN ADVANTAGE CITED STACKED, STREWN, JUMBLED will be improved. He said yesterday that he had been deeply However, this legislation is a much into the banking and financial communities needed start toward the revitalization of professionally, that "I know people in this HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO community," and that that would be an an industry important to our country OF ILLINOIS advantage to him. As for the trust, that and vital to our Nation's future. A re will come with his performance, he said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES habilitated and strong railroad industry "I can't think of a n1ore challenging job," Wednesday, January 28, 1976 means economical transportation of our he said. "Helping restore the city's fiscal much-needed energy resources, efficient health might be looked upon as almost im Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, today I want delivery of bulk commodities, speedy de possible to achieve, but with that high level to share with my colleagues part IV of livery of agricultural goods to the mar of challenge goes a high level of reward. the Chicago Trib1me's excellent series on ketplace, stronger competition in the in "Reward? To be part of the historical con the Veterans' Administration. To find tribution that will be made if we are success ternational market and cheaper goods ful. It's that challenge that turns me on." out if this $16 billion a year agency is for American consumers. It was this call to challenge as well as a doing its job, four Tribune reporters in- I hope that Congress will continue long-time association with First Deputy terviewed hundreds of veterans and VA to evaluate and correct those Govern Mayor John E. Zuccotti that brought Mr. officials and employees, and examined ment regulations and policies that have Kummerfeld to the city government. In the scores of docun1ents and records for the encumbered the economic growth of this late 1960's when Mr. Kummerfeld was with report. I commend them for their inves country in the past. the United States Bureau of the Budget he tigative efforts: Pamela Zekman, William 1416 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS JanuctTy 28, 1976 Gaines, Jay Branegan, William Craw "searchers," whose full-time job is to cruise ording came on and said, 'I'm sorry, we're ford, antl James Coates: the six floors of the building looking for closed,'" he said. The problem: for seven missing files. years his initials were listed inconectly in v A BURIED UNDER PAPERS-STACKED,· STREWN, . . JUMBLED . "They take these folders and drop them the computers. anywhere,•· said Joan Parker, a "super search Thomas Gaucius, 22 Villa Park, didn't get "We're nothing put a giant papermill here,", er" who is assigned the most stubborn cases. his checks for attending the College of Dn Edward Kellv said as he stood in a work area. "You can really get frustrated with the sys Page because the VA sent them to Germany, of the Veterans Administration's Chicago re tem. I call California, Washington, and New where he had been stationed briefly seve:·i'.l gional office, where the cases of hundreds of York looking for folders. You have these years ago. And although the VA finally cor veterans are handled daily. nonchalant people who just don't care be rected his address, it won't rei~;:sue new A look around confirms his opinion. Vet cause it is not them waiting for a check." checks until the originals are returned from erans' file folders are everywhere. The paperwork problem is not limited to overseas. "Those are the regulatim~s." the They are stacked two feet high on clerks' big offices like Chicago. An agencywide study VA insisted. desks. They are piled on window ledges. of the VA by the General Services Adminis When Stanley K. applied for GI benefits Strewn on tables. Balanced on open file draw tration concluded, "More than most agencies, to take a physical therapy training program ers. Jumbled onto carts being pushed by scur paperwork is the lifeblood of the Veterans last January, the VA replied with a letter rying file clerks. Resting on empty cha-irs. Administration.'' saying he owed the government $5,938. He The Tribune asked for a tour of the The VA uses 10,000 different form letters, hadn't received any VA checks since he had regional office at 2030 W. Taylor St. to see pushes ·out 75 million pieces of mass mail graduated from Loyola in 1972. Nonethel~ss. why veterans' files get lost, their letters mis annually, gets 90 million pieces back, and when one VA computer would issue him a placed, their checks delayed, and their cases spends $11 million on notes to itself, the check for his new courses, another would persistently rejected by VA computers. GSA found. take it away to pay off his supposed "debt." It happens often, Kelly, assistant to the The mountain of VA paperwork is grmv David Sachno:ff, 29, of Hazelcrest, person regional director, said his study of delays ing at the rate of 10 per cent a year, VA ally took his application for GI benefits to showed 40 per cent of the cases had some officials estimate. The GSA itself keeps 14 the VA regional office. The VA lost it. A col.m sort of error, made either by the veteran, million inactive files for the VA, according selor at the Illinois Institute of Technology the VA, or some school or employer. to H. D. Thomas 1f the VA's record manage took another application to the VA for him. Congressional offices report they get more ment division. Six weeks later, the VA said it had lost that' complaints about VA red tape than about "They are stored in buildings once used one, too. 25, Ill., almost any other agency. to keep munitions," he said. "Each one js Robert Jefferson, of Carthage, three What mistakes can mean for a veteran who bigger than a football field." Thomas esti times sent in the certification for his ap is counting on his VA money is summed up mated the VA has 1.3 million cubic feet of prenticeship program, and still didn't get by Jerry Thomas, a student at Chicago State paper-enough to fill more than a quarter any checks for six months. The VA did not University, who was depending on his VA million filing cabinets, each five drawers tell him the problem was that the computer check to feed his family. It had been hope high. still thought he was enrolled in a cor lessly ensnarled somewhere in the bu To be sure, the VA does do a lot of its respondence course he had told them he'd reaucracy. work with computers, but The Tribune dis finished. ''I've borrowed n>oney up to here," he told covered that most of the machines are woe William E. Harp, 27, of Melrose Parll:. The Tribune, drawing his hand across his moved to the Chicago area two years ago fully behind the times. chin. "I don't have anything except carfare from Florida, but from May to October oi in my pocket. I'm scrimping and saving and Since the first computers became pop last year he could not get VA benefits for borrowing to feed my kids." ular in the late 1950s, there have been his courses at Triton Junior College, River But so overwhelming is the avalanche several revolutions in computer technology, Grove. It took the VA that long to get his of forms and documents that the VA often resulting in successive "generations" of com file from St. Petersburg to Chicago. is unable to do much to speed help for puters, each faster, more powerful, and more One VA response to this chronic problem veterans like Jerry Thomas. versatile than its predecessors. in check delays for a $25 mlllion a year "vet "Our business is processing paper. We get When the VA began to computerize its op erans representative" program hastily set up it by the baleful every day," Kelly said as erations in the early 1960s, it bought com over the summer of 1974 to place about 1,300 he led a reporter past a long table stacked puter equipment outright, instead of leasing counselors ["vet-reps"] full- or part-time on high with the folders of veterans seeking it, in an effort to save money, an official state all college campuses. education benefits, compensation, pension, ment notes. It concludes: "The result-the The vet-reps were supposed to help the or any one of a dozen other VA services. VA is the owner of first-generation systems veteran fight the paperworlt problems, "but "We probably get 4,000 pieces of mail a unable to function in the third-generation it was a failure," said Ronald Owens, a vet.. day, plus all the internal memoes nnd re atmosphere of the 1970s." e1·ans counselor at the University of Illinois ports. And the mail is filled with applications. Another problem is that the VA's 33 com Chicago Circle Campus. "It didn't do any and correspondence and documents like mar puters are scattered haphazardly all over the thing for the students. They put poorly riage licenses, birth certificates, death cer country at Hines, Ill., Austin, Tex., Philadel trained people out here." tificates, discharge papers, doctors' reports, a phia, Los Angeles, and St. Paul, Minn. While Moreover, the vet-rep program duplicated myriad of items," he continued. most government agencies with decentralized a Health, Education, and Welfare operation Most of the documents are destined for computers assign one to handle all the needs called the Veterans Cost of Instruction Pro one of the 600,000 active-case folders kept on of a specific geographic region, each VA com gram [VCIP], that had begun several years file at the Ohicago office, part of the cumber puter serves the entire country with a differ earlier. Owens is a Circle employe paid with some, antiquated manual system used here ent VA program. VCIP funds. He said the two VA vet-reps sent and in most of the 58 VA regional offices. Thus, a veteran getting education benefits to Circle were kicked off campus because l1e The VA. hopes eventually to replace the is paid by Hines with checks mailed from a felt they were incompetent. endless drawers of files-drawers that must Treasury Department computer in Kansas Proponents of the VCIPs say they do a bet be searched every time a veteran writes the City. If he's overpaid, he is dunned by St. ter job than vet-reps because they are in agency-with an ultra-modern computer sys Paul. If he has insurance, Philadelphia han dependent of the VA, and thus do not have tem called TARGET, which will give clerks dles that. And the computer in Austin is to go through channels. They say they can instant access to any veteran's file through supposed to keep track of what's in all the be more aggressive in helping the veteran. small computer terminals at each desk. other computers. "All the vet-reps can do is pick up the Implementation of the TARGET system E?.ch computer must store much of the phone and make an inquiry," said Gerald was begun in 1973, and it was expected to be same information, and each extra computer Dennis, a VCIP counselor at the College o'' in full operation by 1978, VA officials say. means one more chance for something to go Du Page. "They are dealing with other peo Now it looks like 1981. wrong. ple in the VA who are their superiors. They In the meantime, the VA and the veteran "There is certainly very little consistency can't put the pressure on. They can't demam~ must put up with the manual system that, in the organization [of our computers] as action. They can't raise any trouble. So nll Kelly said, has 25,000 folders out of the file we know it today," VA computer expert they do is come back to the veteran and tell drawers at any given time for some type of Ralph E. Smith conceded. him to wait. And wait. processing, and 3,000 folders lost, misplaced, The Tribune found that the veterans hav "The veterans representatives are as or misfiled. Careles"Sness is a big problem, ing the most problems with the V A's end frustrated about the Veterans Administra he said. less stream of red tape were those getting tion as I am, but they can't do or say any "There are a lot of people walking around or trying to get-education assistance checks thing about it." with these pieces of paper," Kelly explained. under the GI Bill. Some examples: But the VA regional director, Claude Gil "They are l.ow men on the totem pole and Ernest Kunst, 34, of East Moline, had only lam, says the vet-rep program is needed. sometimes they don't know what the pieces a trickle of income for six months while he "There were a lot of the VCIPs who were of paper mean and how important they may battled to get payments due him for an ap doing the . vet-rep function very well, and be to a inan's life." prtmticeship progra,m. "One time the VA some who did it not so well, but they also · So fraught with errors is the system that in Chicago kept me on hold for an hour until had a lot of other duties," he said. the VA regional office here employs 10 it was their quitting time. Then a tape rec- "The vet-rep gives the veteran a live per- Janun/ty 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1417 son from the VA to actually see. They seem STRANGLING IN REDTAPE Acme Corp, .as a family-owned electronics to serve a good purpose out there." component manufacturer with 150 workers Several vet-reps told The Tribune that and $3 m.illion in annual sa'les. Its vice when they can't find a way to help a vet HON. BILL ALEXANDER president for manufacturing and marketing, eran. get his check through .normal bureau identified as Mr. Farr, has an "extremely cratic channels, they tell the vet to go to the OF ARKANSAS limited" knowledge of Labor Department top~all his congressman. · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES programs, the interviewers report. Mr. Fal'l''s information was acquired mainly from con Gillam was appalled. "I can't fatJ;lom any Wednesday, January 28, 1976 one condoning that. We have· a. system for versations with a federal job-safety inspector processing difficult cases and I think people Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speake1·, I who had visited the plant and from reading should use it." WQuld like to share with my colleagues requests for data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. an article from the Wall St1·eet Journal M1·. Farr "has considerable difficulty in dis GI BILL MARKED BY FRAUD, FOULUPS this past October which depicts the los entangling Labor Department activities from (By Jay Branegan) ing battle American small businesses are those of othe1· federal and state agencies," Paperwork and computer foulups plague fighting to keep pace with rising paper the report declares. "His firm is operating the Veterans Administration and fall most work. at best on the fringe of awareness." heavily on the 1.8 million veterans getting · Secretary DWllop has left the Depart Acme was inspected by federal safety offi education benefits. ment of Labor. I hope his successor views cials in 1974, cited for general housekeeping But that isn't the only problem facing increased ''redtape" with an even greater violations, and fined $300. Mr. Farr couldn't the $3.9 billion GI Blll program. A big prob abhorrence: rule out the possibility of another citation lem is fraud. "particularly in light of his minimal knowl In Chicago, for instance, the Veterans Ad STRANGLING IN REDTAPE edge of established standards" in the job ministration found that four beauty and (By James c. Hyatt) safety law. barber colleges were carrying far m01·e vet WAs~INGTON.-A glass-covered, ornately Mr. Farr hasn't returned any forms under erans on their rolls than their authorized lettered motto hangs on a wall of Labor Sec· the welfare and pension plan disclosure act limit At Tyler Barber College, 6531 S. Cottage retary John Dunlop's private office. since 1967 because "of the time and effort Grove Av., 1,500 veterans were getting bene He calls it his bronze rule: required." He hasn't ever received a com fits while the school was only accredited for "Regulate unto others as you would have plaint about his failure to file, and thus has 50, the VA found. them regulate unto you." concluded that the reports aren't mandatory. Nearly every one of the Tyler students His staff recently had the slogan framed (In fact, they are.) The firm has no pension sent the VA falsified class attendance cards after hearing another of his many lectures plan and so far hasn't received any descrip and collected standa1·d monthly GI Bill pay on what he views as a deeply ingrained tive information about the new pension law ments-at least $270 for a single person, $321 Washington problem-the "natural arro signed by President Ford on Labor Day, 1974. for· a couple-that they didn't deserve, ac gance of regulatm·s." Recently the department's contract com cording to the VA regional director Claude Such pronouncements blasting the bu pliance office sent a letter addressed to "Plant Gillam. The money is sent directly to the reaucracy suddenly are common in Wash Contract Compliance Office," asking for veteran·and is intended to cover both tuition ington. President Ford wows a convention of various reports. Mr. Farr "displayed consid arid living expenses. businessmen by promising to remove the erable irritation with the compliance officer's ·"we could find no evidence that any of government's foot from their necks. Congress 1·equest for data," the interviewers re1:on, them ever attended classes," Gillam said. debates how to deregulate huge industries. because he'd recently filed au annual report Some veterans insisted that they were in The heads of many federal agencieS are sum to the Equal Employment Opportunity Com class, he said, but their explanations to local moned to the White House to hear an appeal mission. The department's form, moreover, officials "sounded like they were coming out to eliminate redtape and become more effi contained no instructions for filling it out. of a Xerox n~achine." cient. The town is full of talk about the need The interviewers urged Mr-. Farr to call When the fraud at the four schools was for less government interference. the department on the spot fo1· clarification. discovered by the Illin<>is Veterans Commis Meanwhile, Secretary Dunlop is backing up During the call "it became clear that the sion, it withdrew VA approval making those his views with some studies that vividly agency representative was expressing con sti.ldents ineligible for GI benefits. illustrate the gap between regulators in siderable uncertainty that Acme should have Othei.· cases of fraud have popped up Washington and the small employer. Presi received the reporting requests. . .. Farr's around the country, including several at a dent Ford thought so much of the studies reaction was a combination of incredulity school in Maryland, where 16 per cent of the that he had them distributed to the entire and extreme irritation." ex-GI's getting benefits for a full class load Cabinet. Ironwork's Castings Inc. is a 50-year-old, during one recent term did i~ot complete a When Secreta1·y Dunlop distributed the family-owned metal foundry and plating s!ngle course, the VA said~ studies to his subordinates in July, he at- company supplying parts to the auto indus The VA says it does not know how wide tached this statement: · · try; it has 25 employes, one of wbom works spread is the fraud at residential schools and "It is vital, in my view, that those who full time 011 govermnent reco1•ds and reports. colleges. But, au official said, "It it could write regulations or design enforcement and H. R. Alger, president, tries to keep tracl~ happen in Maryland, it could happen any compliance programs in the department more of federal safety programs by reading the where." The trouble is the VA now has no fully appreciate the point of view, perspec .. Federal Register. He hasn't seen any Labor way tq tell if its students veterans are really tive and experience of those who are faced Department safety literature. Mr. Alger reaus going to school. with the obligation to live under often com business and trade publications rather than .This type of fraud is coupled with abuses plex statutes and regulations/' wading through "the detailed, and to him, in correspondence courses, documented in a Included in the material he distributed often uninterpretable materials prepared by previous Tribune Task Force series. The VA were summa.ries of interviews· which Labor the government itself," the interviewers pays 90 per cent of the cost of these expen Department researchers had conducted a few report. months earlier with four concerns employing sive home-study lessons, which often are Mr. Alger declares that ··there is no way worthless. fewer than 1,000 workers apiece. "These case you can keep .up with all the regulations and studies," he wrote, "provide us with an op Another problem with tod~y's GI Bill pro portunity to view the department through run a business at the same time." He con grams is that the :Viet Nam v.~~eran's "real cedes there are "bound to be some laws that ability to purchase post-secon,qary education the eyes of those whose daily . conduct at we're not .following because they may not has diminished with respect to liis World the work place is, in varying d4!'grees, con sti·ained by the department's regulations. We have filtered down to this level." War counterpart,u according to a congres The firm has been cited for a health viola sionally-commissioned study by the Educa- thus are able to experience vicariously some of their problems and frustrations." ti.on because of an excessive concentration tional Testing Service. · · vf zinc at its plant. Ironworks receive<.! a World War II veterans got enough money A REMINDER TO BUREAUCRATS $120,000 Small Business Administration loan to cover the cost of any college, public or Mr. Dunlop adds in an interview that fed to help correct the problem, but DAr. Alger private, plus a living allowance, the report eral employes should seek, wherever possible, :C.gures he needs to spend another $200,000 noted. But today's $270-a-month base edu to obtain "volunta1·y compliance" with regu for pollution control related to this prob cfttional allowance does not evfm cover tui lations, and that he hopes the survey of lem. "He laments the need to make capital tion at most private, four-year colleges, attitudes toward the Labor Department will investments of this kind," the study reports. according to the 1·eport. · · remind bureaucrats that they haven't been "mucll preferring to have spent such money U.S. Rep. Lester Wolff, [D., N.Y.], who has "given some kind of lash to use on the in ways ").;hat might have improved produc introduced legislation to boost GI benefits, electorate." . · tivity and the firm's competitive position.•· complains, "The way the program is set up He1·e, in a shortened form and edited to Asked \vllat he'd like to tell Sec:re·t;ary Dun- now there is a basic limitation as to how preserve the anonymity of the oompanies lop, PresidEnit Alger says: · many soldiers c'an afford to participate in the and individuals involved, are sumri1ar!es of "I feel iike an awful lot of people do. We GI Bill." the case studies: ne-ed less meddling from tbe govel'nment. 1418 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Janua1·y 28, 1976 We c;hould get back to the good old solid posed by the government it. could "wipe out" Like the ·"bloodbath'.'. in Vietnam, the "orgy wa~·s of supply and demand, and let business the firm. According to Mr. McG1·egor, the of recrimination" · in America has turned reg'ulate itself. 'Competition will make .neces compliance officer replied,:: "H ·you go bank out to .be official hyperbole. Instead of the sary a lot of the improvements that are re rupt, you deserve it. You're going to pay for "wave of McCarthyism" so widely predicted quired, without regulation by Washington." the sins of discrimination you've committed by administration officials, there is a bipal' Enterprise Oil Co. is a wholly owned sub over the years." tisan silence. Vietnam is "behind us," Presi sidiary, with 200 employees, of a medium Mr. McGregor worries that under the new dent For'd proclaims, and no one wants to sized petroleum processing and distribut pension law every word he says ·to an em look back. 'ing company. ployee "could result in some. kind of sub In most countries' a 20-year war costing Enterprise "has to reply on outside sources sequent legal action." As a result, he has over $150 billion, 55,000 battlefield deaths, of information to clarify their legal obliga become highly reluctant to give employees and lasting damage to the economy would tions" to comply with federal laws, the any advice on pension matters. not be written off so easily. Ordinarily gen interviewers report. Jack Brown, president, Small businessmen, he concludes, feel erals who lose battles are dismissed. In par says, 'I'll bet it would cost us $100,000 a year "they are being hemmed in on all sides by liamentary democracies governments that (to do the job internally). A businessman big labor, big management and big govern lose wars expect to fall. In the US the archi must have an interpreter of regulations." ment." tects of the final disaster are still in power. He says the firm's insurance company has . Far from reexamining the world view that sen·t him enough material on the new pen led a generation of American leaders, and sion law "to keep us busy for 10 years, tell· REVIEWING OUR FOREIGN the rest of us with them, into the famous ing us in a cover letter that you have to read POLICY quagmire, they have rededicated them this or you're liable for not knowing about selves-and us-to that same world view. the new pension act. It would take a lawyer There is an eeri'e quality of deja vu to 10 years to read it." · HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON the major post-Vietnam national security The firm recently, and unknowingly, be OF MASSACHUSETTS initiatives. Mayaguez (echoes of the Gulf of came subject to minimum wage laws when Tonkin); nuclear threats in Korea (shades price increases raised sales volume to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Gen. MacArthur); a proposed military levels at which minimum-wage coverage Wednesday, January 28, 1976 spending program that locks the country takes effect. "How many more of these little into five years of escalating budgets (a replay tidbits are in the law?" Mr. Brown asks. "I Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, of the Kennedy buildup of the early 1960s); don't know. You're not aware of them until when our clients in Saigon and Phnom renewed threats 'of military intervention in you violate the law." Penh collapsed last spring, there was a the Persian Gulf (memories of the Domini WHY INCRIMINATE YOURSELF? . widespread fear here in Wasl)ington that can Republic and Vietnam). Enterprise Oil has never asked the Labor the failure of U.S. policy in Southeast The official lesson of Vietnam, it seems, is Department for information or legal guid-. Asia would lead to a firestorm of bitter that America's global defense perimeter must ance. "The government bureaucracy is so ness and recrimination between Ameri be redrawn, alliances cemented and the inefficient that you're not guaranteed any cans. That prospect has clearly failed to threat of American military power, includ thing." Mr. Brown says. "Why blow the materialize-in fact, the exact opposite ing nuclear weapons, made more credible. whistle on yourself? At the beginning of the The foreign policy debate, to the extent Federal Energy Administration we were ter seems to have occurred. The subject of there is one at all, is about where to draw rified to call up. We didn't even want them Indochina has been consigned to silence, the new defense line and what weapons to to know we were located here. They would both by the general public and by those use? Should Turkey keep its honorary mem send over an inspector." most responsible for our long involve bership in the free world? How much pres The firm responds to federal requests for ment there. sure should be put on Portugal? How fast statistical information, but one of its of A sense of relief and a desire to move should the US stand in Korea? But there is ficials says, "I've never seen any benefit from no challenge to either the vision of American on to other matters are certainly under or the vision of international politics that them." Government forms should carry a standable after a decade of violence, statement, he says, that indicates whether inspired five American Presidents to risk each information request is mandatory.· frustration, and division, but we do our;. and lose in Indochina. A few years ago, Enterprise had "every selves a great disservice, I think, if we The discussion on ·foreign policy is taking· thing fixed up so that we could get a clean fail to examine the meaning of this place within narrow limits because the par bill of health," says Mr. Brown. It then asked tragic experience. Unless we pause to re ticipants on all sides basically accept the· the department's safety inspectors to call. flect on Indochina and to adjust our same world view. There is a tacit agreement. as to the goals America <>hould be pursuing. They refused. , world view in accordance with its teach in international politics, , shared assump Capital Manufacturing Co. employs 2~0 ings, we run the serious risk of repeating tions about what is happimh'lg in the world, workers to make machine parts on the fringe such . blunders in the future. Although and a common faith about what American of a big city. . the cases are not exactly parallel, the power can do. Donald McGregor, the company's industrial recent covert commitment of U.S. aid in Basically the discussion of current Ameri relations manager, consults a law firm on can foreign policy since the debate in Indo legal questions involving the government Angola seems to indicate . that top ad ministration officials, and particularly china accepts uncritically the cold war and he consults an insurance company on model of reality. America's goal remains as pension questions. On safety issues, he con the Secretary of State, have learned very President Johnson stated it: "We are the sults officials of other companies with similar little from the past. Third world coun number one nation and we are going to stay problems. tries are still perceived as squares on the the number one nation." Despite detente, Mr. McGregor has never visited the Labor superpowers' chessboard, and Congress the central threat to the peace is still the Department's regional office near his plant. and the American public are still per Soviet Union. Soviet power must be con "Most businessmen are scared to death of ceived as avoidable nuisances when for tained by maintaining superior nuclear coming to the attention of the government," eign policy is formulated. forces and projecting conventional military he asserts. "There's a fear that if you ask a might through alliances, military aid ar question, you're implying that you're doing Clearly the time has come for a na rangements and foreign ,bases. The world something wrong and asking for an investi tional debate on the most fundamental must be made as safe as possible for Ameri gator to come in. You just don't want your goais and assumptions of U.S. foreign can economic growth by discouragilig or name on a list." policy, a debate that can give us a global aborting anti-capitalist revolutions wher In deciding whether to fill out forms from posture based on consensus instead of ever possible. American economic power the Labor Department, Mr. McGregor says he furtive decree. Nobody has called for such must be employed to counter efforts of the checks each one to see if it contains anum a debate more eloquently than Richard nonindustrialized countries to alter the ber that he believes indicates the form orig present international economic system. inated at the White House Office of Manage- Barnet, whose article in the January 17 The most fundamental assumptions of ment and Budget. · issue of the New Republic deserves to be American foreign policy are beyond debate 1'Ninety-nine percent of the time the num read by every Member of Congress. Be .. within government because tlie bureaucra ber means that it is a mandatory report," cause of its length, I am ipgerting this cies charged with making policy depend he explains. So he fills out such forms. The excellent article in the R~conn in two upon them for their survival. It is not for company spends between $12,000 and $15,000 installments. The first segment follows: the air force to question whether "national a year answering government questions ~nd THE GREAT . FOREIGN POLICY DEBATE WE security" requires keeping the foreign bases surveys, he says. · · OUGHT . TO BE HAVING acquired in the 1950s or for the CIA to q\tes Mr. McGregor is still unhappy about a job tion whether American interests must be discrimination case he encountered while · (By Richard J. Barnet) served by clandestine or paramilitary opera employed elsewhere; in that instance, he Six months after the worst defeat in tions in the Third World. Bureaucracies keep says, the federal compliance officer was told American history the great debate on what doing what they do. To overcome bureau that' if the company paid the settlement pro- went wrong in Indochina has yet to happen. cratic inertia requires deliberate choices to Janua1'y 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1419 move in a different dh·ection and political an almost automatic approval of what the issue is whether, given the present world en support for alternative poltcies. President wishes to do-"commitment," vironment, th~se policies will ·make the But politicians do not like to question the "credibility," "Isolationist;" "responsibility," planet more dangerous or less danger.ous basic assumptions o.f foreign policy either. and of ~ourse "national security" itself. As a for everybody, including the United States. Indeed the last time the United States had first step to a more serious debate on foreign We need a. serious public debate on au al a "great debate" on fundamental issues of policy we should examine the extent to which ternative national security strategy based on foreign policy was the eve of World War II we a1·e trapped by the peculiar language de-legitimizing nuclear weapons: renuncia when the cotmtry was divided on what to do George Orwell predicted would dominate tion of first use; major diplomatic initiative about Hitler. Henry Wallace .and Robert 20th-century politics. A moratorium should for substantial cutbacks by the US and Taft, each in his own way, tried to start a be declared on meaningless terms like "com thG USSR in nuclear weapons; a strong cam debate about America's role in shaping the mitment" and "credibility" and especially paign to limit proliferation. At the very least postwar world, but the Truman administra the incantation "national security." They the cliches of the arms race, such as "bar tion and the "internationalist wing" of the could be treated as. expletives and deleted gaining chips" (amassing new weapons for Republican party fashioned a bipartisan from political discourse. the purpose of persuading adversaries to get consensus on foreign policy that held firm Commitment is a good example. What rid o:l,' theirs) ought to be subjected to until the final years of the Vietnam war. exactly did the government commit to whom? critical debate. After a 30-year arms race. we Even the celebrated Great Debate of 1951 How was the commitment made? For what have some experience of how nations behave over the right of the President to station reason and for how long? So is "credibility." in. deadly competition, and the experience divisions in Europe in peacetime was more Who should believe what about the United do~s not support the theory under which the a debate about the limits of presidential States, and why? :S:ad we gotten behind the US nuclear buildup is being planned. Yet, power and the c)loice of military strategy abstractions that became war cries to debate despite the grim prognosis for "stabilizing" (Fortress America v. Forward Strategy) than who Thieu was, who supported him, what (another favorite expletive) the arms race a debate about goals and purposes. his commitment was to his country and who and avoiding nuclear war, there is no nation In the years of the bipartisan consensus the Communists were and what their com al debate that takes account of this experi political leaders have avoided clear-cut de mitments were, we might never have de ence. bate on the most fundamental issues, prefel' ceived ourselves into thinking that we could The second most important goal of Amer ring instead to use fo:t:eign policy as political win the war-or should. At least the Ameri ican foreign policy has been the contain mood music: posturing about "rolling back" can people would have had a better idea of ment of communism. But this goal has be Soviet power from Eastern Europe (1952); a the price involved. come confused over the years. The issues fictitious "missile gap" (1960); Nixon's "sec The use of historical and psychological were clearer in the 1950s when the United ret plan" (1968). analogies also inhibits rational debate on States had the power to isolate the USSR The one thing on which the "best and the foreign policy. How many of the decisions and China, keep the left from taking power brightest" and their critics agree is that the that locked the US in Vietnam were made or sharing power in West Europe, and to disaster in Indochina was a consequence of in the shadow of Munich? It is unlikely that destroy pro-Communist movements in the miscalculation. The strength of the revolu better decisions will be made by invoking Third World. Indeed, until recently, US pol tionary forces in Vietnam was underesti the spectre of Vietnam. ':rhe problems of one icy was designed to encourage a "mellowing" mated, the passivity of the American people generation cannot be solved by replaying the of the Soviet system. But the comfortable was overestimated (Dean Rusk calls it a lack history of another. Nor is much clarity gained consistency of militant anti-communism is of patience), and the serious political and by talking about nations as if they were gone. The Communists in the Kremlin have economic implications of fighting a pro human beings-whether pitiful helpless become friends of the President (Brezhnev tracted colonial war were virtually ignored. giants or candidates for a nervous break was one of Nixon's most loyal backers) and At crucial moments Lyndon Johnson, Rich down. Metaphors from the physical world business associates of the Chase Manhattan ard Nixon and Hem-y Kissinger lost touch such as "power vacuum" are also deceptive. Bank; the Communists in Chile and many with reality because they did not understand The word forecloses the whole question of other places are still targets of CIA opera what was happening either in Vietnam o1· in imperialism by assuming a law of nature tionr. the United States. that small, weak countries must inevitably The fundamental purpose behind the anti The best hope of restoring a sense of real be dominated by one super power or another. Communist policy was to contain the expan ity to foreign policy is to challenge and test However to restore a sense of realism to sion of Soviet power. That purpose has failed official wisdom through democratic debate. the discussion of American foreign policy not because of Soviet strength tut because of In Democracy in America Tocquevllle pin requires more than a reform of language. It America's growing weakness. It is not Soviet pointed the difficulties. Since the public does requires examination of major national goals gains but American losses that have produced not like secrecy and quickly loses patience, and evaluation of how well we have been do a shift hl the balance of power. The United he said, democ1•acies are "decidedly inferior ing in reaching them. In the nuclear age the States· has been forced to agree to the divi to other governments" in the conduct of first goal of a foreign policy is protection sion of Germany and to Soviet control over their foreign relations. What he meant was from nuclear attack. Since there is no de Eastern Europe. (There is no other meaning that it is harder for a nation in which pol fense, as Presidents and secretaries of De to the Helsinki Conference.) The left is icy is debated to act decisively and consist fense have repeatedly told us, survival of the struggling to keep power in Portgual, is gain ently. More recently Dean Acheson lamented United States depends upon our not being ing strength in France and Italy, and will "the limitation imposed by democratic po involved in a nuclear war. (I am assuming probably play an important role in Spain. litical practices," which makes it difficult to that even if an American Adam and Eve were In the Unit-ed Nations it is the United States, "conduct our foreign affairs in the national to rise from the radioactive rubble to re not the Soviet Union, that is becoming in interest." Debate is supposed to embarrass populate the earth, as Sen. Richard Russell creasingly isolated from the majority of the the executive and hamper his style. The prayed at the height of the Vietnam waT, · members. After 30 years of the cold war the argument for "stopping politics at the that would not be viewed as a wholly satis Soviet Union is stronger militarily and more water's edge" is that dissension exposes factory outcome by a majority of Americans.) active diplomatically on a world scale than weakness to potential enemies. Others ar After spending tens of billions on nuclear ever. Although Stalin's massacres are over, gue that since ordinary citizens cannot weapons since 1945 the US is of course the Soviet system remains essentially un understand the subtleties of foreign policy, much more vulnerable than it was then. The changed. (Indeed the cold war has probably in debate leads to jingoism. This notion :flatly Soviet Union is now a formidable nuclear produced more negative changes Ameri contradicts democratic theory, which holds power, and nuclear proliferation has pro can society than positive changes in Soviet that the testing of ideas in the political ceeded inexorably. The latter development society.) marketplace is the best way to avoid the means that nuclear weapons are not only During the cold war the natlonal security catastrophic errors caused by the distorted bureaucracy became so fascinated with the in many new hands but in many new dis confrontation that it forgot what it was vision of isolated leaders. putes. Some of these, such as the Israeli-· about. To regah1 some clarity and sense o:t There is an obvious difficulty in carrying Arab and India-Pakistan conflicts involve realism in our foreign policy, Americans need on a serious debate on foreign policy; the such deep feelings of desperation as to to debate the premises of anti-communism, issues are complex, remote and emotionally tempt the use of suicidal weapons. As the which means, as we have seen, quite different charged. But it is doubtful that national se new oommandant of the marine corps, Gen. things to different people. The basic reason curity issues are inherently more complex Louis Wilson, recently remarked, it is doubt~ for containing the Soviet Union, George than most domestic problems of advanced ful that a general nuclear war can be averted Kennan argued in his famous February 1946 industrial societies. Foreign policy issues are, once a tactical nuclear weapon is used on cable was that the men in the Kremlin be nevertheless, remote from most people's im a battlefield. Thus, despite the minor arms lieved that tl\eir own security demanded that mediate concern. To get public attention control arrangements associated with de "our society be disrupted, our traditional way when it is needed-it is usually not desh·ed tente, the dangers of nuclear war appear to of life destroyed, the international authority statesmen res01·t to oversell and scare tac be growing. of our state be broken." In short, at the most tics, making points, in Dean Acheson's The United States is embarking on a mas fundamental level, the cold war was fought words, "clearer than truth.;, sive weapons building program and has re in. the name of preserving American society. Over the last generation code words have asserted the_ right tq ure nuclear weapons The principle issue fQr debate is whether been developed .that are desj.gned . to elicit first, even against nol~-nuclear powers. The strategies chosen for preserv'i.ng American so- 1420 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ' January 28, 1976 ciety ·have, r~ther, undermined it. . Having· stallation banquet were a moving tribute thanks that although I am an American of . analy!Zied the threat of commun.tsm as a mllL to our democratic system of govern Chinese Ancestry and a junior member of our tary threat and invested. about $1.6 trnuon ment. Asserting that- association, I have been selected as your. to counter it, the United States has sys president. Indeed I praJ that the "Spirit of tematically starved its own ctvn society. The we are closer to the attainment of our 76" will continue to throb with vitality in fiscal crisis of the cities and the appalling Democratic ideals than at any other point the hearts and minds of Americans now and physical decay in every metropolitan center of · time 1n our glorious history," he called in the future. I also pray that we Americans are the products of a generation of neglect. for renewed confidence in our nation's lead will continue to reach for the stars and ex There is an urgent need to debate whether ers and urged his audience to seek to "rede plore the unlimited universe of man's full the failure to reinvest adequately in Ameri fine" and "rediscover" the "spirit of '76." potential. Today, America proudly stands as can society and in the American industrial I know that my colleagues will find the bulwark of democracy and the bastion base has not weakened the foundations of of man's freedom and dignity. If America American power, whether the health of the Mr. Chun's remarks as inspiring as I did, falls in the coming years, the world will American economy has not indeed been sacri and I therefore submit them for inclu retrogress to totalitarianism and· a commu ficed to "national security." To what extent sion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. nistic aristocracy and mankind will once are unemployment and inflation attributable SPIRIT OF '76 again travel the path of the dreaded dark to the mismanagement of our economy Honored guests, Fellow Superintendents, ages. I hope and pray this disaster will not through distorted investment priorities? This Ladies and Gentlemen: the great honor of happen. is not a new debate. The fiscal conservatives being president of the National Assn. of And now I turn to other thoughts. I would in the Eisenhower era, like Secretary of the Superintendents fills me with deep humility like to take this opportunity to extend my Treasury George Humphrey, thought the So and sincere appreciation. In this Bicentennial appreciation to Mr. AI Yatchmeuoff, Ma viet strategy was to force America to spend year, this honor has special significance to chinery group superintendent, captain Ray itself into bankruptcy. With the advent of me because it embodies the very ~ssence of Hughes, production. officer, and last but not the rhetoric of omnipotence-"we shall bear our great democracy and the "spirit of 76". least, captain Henry Hoffmann, shipyard com any · burden, pay any price"-such notions I would like to make the "Spirit of 76" mander, for their leadership and direction. were dismissed as troglodyte.· The debate the theme of my thoughts to you tonight. I These men 'have· provided the type of leader should be resumed abo:ut the real meaning can think of nothing more appropriate than ship which reflects the "Spirit of 76" and of "national security." Can this society be to reflect with all of you the progress and the the precepts of our equal employment op secure 1f it does not assure the opportunity great strides which our glorious Nation has portunity program. To me, they exemplify for decent work, decent health care, decent made from 1776 to 1976. our Nation was the type of leadership which is critically housing and a decent diet for its citizens? founded on the concept that every man needed throughout our nation, especially at Can it do this if it continues to define "na should be treated with dignity and respect our seat of government. When I am con tional security" in primarily military terms? and that all men regardless of race, religion, fronted by the statement that America is on When the cold war began a few voices color or creed should be given equal oppor the downhill because we have no leaders like warned of the dangers of the "garrison tunity in thefr pursuit of life, liberty and those of the past, I reject such a. proposition. state," that we might lose our freedom happiness. This respect for the dignity and The Democratic form of government is struc through our efforts to defend it. Watergate rights of the individual is in direct contra tured so as to recognize and bring out the dramati!Zied the vulnerability of our system diction to the totalitarian form of govern most talented leadership such as the men I of civil Uberties and the ease with which ment which preaches that the state is su have named. It is my strong conviction that executive tyranny can be established in the preme and all individuals are subordinate throughout our society the good ship "Amer name of "national security." The attempted to its objectives. ica" is manned by dedicated and capable Nixon coup-the systematic campaign to Today, after 200 years of sailing through leaders who will eventually set it on a safe take control of the machinery of government the vast and oftentimes stormy oceans of course again. If there is any strength which to harass and destroy political enemies time, our democracy survives and the basic I believe sustains a democracy-it is that a was narrow~y averted but it illustrated how concept upon which our Nation was founded democracy continuously brings out the best far our constitutional system had been erod· continues to fiourish. While other democratic, in people and produces many leaders to en ed by secrecy, emergency powers, lying 1n . quasi-democratic or constitutional forms of sure the continuity of a free nation. On the the national interest, and other familiar by government have been threatened and other hand, a totalitarian nation produces a products of protracted war. The second gravely weakened by Communism and other few tyrants who take with them their form unique source of strength, besides the ex dictatorial forms of government, I am of the of government as soon as they depart from traordinary American economy is a system of strong opinion that we are closer to attain this earthly vale. constitutional liberty that has been admired ment of our democratic ideals than at any In conclusion, I must say a few words about arou,nd the world. It is surprising that the is other point of time in our glorious history. my office, the other day, I stepped on a sues concerning the protection of those lib Today, there is no slavery, there is no weighing machine which gives a person's eries are not integrally related to the debate landed aristocracy, there is no legalized dis weight as well as an assessment of his abili on foreign policy. Certain kinds of foreign crimination, there is no deplorable poverty, ties and attributes. My wife reached for the policies require more secrecy and more de there is no unchecked lawlessness, there is card as soon as I mounted the scale and ception than others. The issues ought to be no constraint of an individual's rights and read: "You are an outstanding, intelligent put in such a way that the American people there is no control of his thought process. leader with a magnetic personality and a could vote on the extent to which they are As a matter of fact, if one should list all of strong character. You are also highly per willing to sacrifice freedom for "national se the positive elements which man desires in sonable, witty and extremely attractive to curity." The issue is not whether the Rus his pursuit of life, liberty and happiness, the opposite sex." My wife paused for a long sians might like to see our society disrupted, America would be so far ahead of other while, then said sarcastically: "Dear, it also our traditional way of lif~ destroyed and the nations that we would not even see the has your weight wrong." Inspite of my loving international authority of our state broken, second place nation. About the only fault wife's blunt opinion, I intend to exert every to quote Kennan again-that can be taken which America and Americans can be criti effort during the forthcoming year to ensure for granted-but whether this is more like.. cized for is that--although we are the most that our superintendent's organization con ly to come about through Soviet calcula well-off people in the world today-we do tinues its dynamic role in improving the tions or American miscalculations. not appreciate the blessings which our cre shipyard and in supporting our Pacific fleet. ator has generously showered upon us. I solicit your support, advice and continuing Thus in this Bicentennial year-! feel that assistance and by tb.e end of my term, I hope we should take time to meditate and reflect we will prove my wife wrong-at least about PEARL HARBOR SUPERVISORS CALL on how fortunate we are to be Americans. the first part of my fortune: FOR RENEWED CONFIDENCE IN We should get down on our knees and pray Mahalo Nui Loa again for the high honor and give thanks to our Creator just as the you have acorded me and for your kind ancl NATIONAL LEADERSHIP Pilgrims did when they found themselves considerate attention. safe in a land of freedom and opportunities. This Bicentennial year shol,lld be a year of HON. SPARK M. ~1ATSUNAGA thanksgiving for the guidance which the OF HAWAII Good Lord has given us in safeguarding and AMERICAN COLEGE OF NUCLEAR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strengthening our democratic form of gov PHYSICIANS ernment; this Bicentennial year should be Wednesday, January 28, 1976 a year in which we implore om· Creator to help us continue to be free men until his HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, Mr. coming at the millennium. Clifford T. F. Chun, a production su And so I stand before you and I give thanks OF FLORIDA perintendent at Pearl Harbor Naval for the privilege and honor of being an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Shipyard, was recently elected president American. I give thanks that I have oppor Wednesday, January 28, 19'16 of the Pearl Harbor Branch of the Na tunities and that my children wlll fall heir tional Association of Supervisors. His to these opport:unities. I give thanks that I Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would remarks at the organization's recent in- am a free man in body and in spirit. I give like to bring to the attention of my col- January :28, 1976 EXT~NSIONS OF-REMARKS 1421 leagues the official recognition of a rela tion of . the · H:az~rdous .. Transportation interested in an update of the capital tively new discipline of medicine-nu Act.. by the Depart~ent. oi. .Transporta requirements of the industry.. The fol clear medicine--and the establishment tion and the Federal Aviation Admin lowing is a copy of the article: of the American College of Nuclear istration. The college found itself in [From tlie Wall Street-Journal, Jan. 26·, 1976] Physicians, which has been of consider agreement with the members of the sub STRAPPED FOR.CAPIT~L, MAJOR On. FIRMS,SE~L able assistance to the Congress in its committee on the necessity of safe INTERESTS IN PRODUCTION To GET FINANC- efforts to insure the safe and speedy de transportation of hazardous materials ING livery of this s.ophisticated ·type of health including nuclear supplies-without the (By James C. Tanner) care. . disruption of speedy delivery ·of medical A long-neglected mode of raising capital Nuclear medicine is the clinical field supplies. is being resurrected by major oil companies concerned with the diagnostic and ther Both the . subcommittee staff and the and others to help meet their soaring spend ing needs. apeutic use of radioactive mate.rials, Airline Pilots' Association reaffirmed the With the technique, Mobil Oil Corp. has called radiopharmaceuticals. It is a vig necessity of fast and efficient air ship quietly raised $350 mlllion in new financing orous, dynamic field that has had phe ment of radiopharmaceuticals, subject to in recent days. Other recent users include nomenal growth over the past few years proper packaging .and quantity safe Texaco Inc., Atlantic Richfield Co., Stand and will continue to grow rapidly in the guards. ard Oil Co. (Indiana) and Gulf Oil Corp. future, given the proper conditions. The organization is also vitally inter In Mobil's case, the financing came from Not only is nuclear medicine an in ested in the proposed amendments to the loans provided by a consortium of U.S. and Public Health Service Act, and has made Canadian banks. But, technicl.'l.lly, Mobil · fant compared to the basic practice of didn't take on any new bank debt. Rather medicine, but the fearful images sparked its input to the Senate and House Sub than borrowing the money outright, Mobil by· thoughts of nuclear reaction make it committees on Health in this area of sold an interest in the future production of more difficult · to delive.r the benefits of health care. its U.S. oil and gas fields to a third party, this discipline to our Nation. The college was one of the organiza which in turn arranged the bank loans. The newness of the discipline was un tions filing comments on proposed Fed The ownership interest is known as a pro derlined recently in the action of the eral Aviation Administration regulations duction payment, and it becomes the collat on the monitoring of radioactive mate eral for the banks supplying the loan. The American Medical Association, which, banks are repaid from a share of the reve despite the long-time existence of other rials by aircraft operators. A number of nues from future production of the property. special sections, voted only in November organizations felt that the emphasis in Should the properties fail to pan out and of last year to establish a special section the regulations was wrong, and the col this is highly unlikely because the banks' en~ on nuclear medicine. lege felt that the proposed rules could gineers scrutinize the reserves carefully be Dr. Gerald DeNardo, president of the hamper the speedy delivery- of medical fore closing the deal-the oil company isn't American College of Nuclear Physicians, supplies. As a result of comments, the liable for the loans. spoke to this issue at the annual conven Department of Transportation revoked LUSH TAX ADVANTAGE tion of the AMA in Atlantic City last the rules and proposed new ones. Produ;::tion-payment financing isn't new. year, and noted: The college is also working with the For decades, it was widely used in the oil in The College respectfully urges the estab Food and Drug Administration and other dustry, particularly by independent oil oper lishment of a Section on Nuclear Medicine. Government organizations in promoting ators. Outside the industry it was controver programs which will benefit the Nation sial, because it provided users with a lush There is a special urgency for action at this tax advantage. time. in the field of nuclear medicine. By using this financing device, prior to The pressures of current social crises, while The activities in this area are too 1969, a lot of little oil companies grew big, affecting all medical practice, are especially numerous to recount at this time. My often through acquisitions. They could ac pressing in the area of nuclear medicine. The purpose is simply to draw attention to quire and develop properties with relatively air transportation of rediopharmaceuticals is some of the many efforts being made to little cash, and whne the properties paid just one area in which we have been active cooperate with the Federal Government themselves out, the oil operators weren't re recently. This, and the resolution of other quired to pay income taxes on the revenue matters, would be more effectively enhanced to facilitate the delivery of health care that were pledged to retire the production by the establishment of a section. to our citizens. It might also be worth payments. Until such a section exists, the practition noting that the college is active in en Then Congress put a stop to this. The ers of nuclear medicine cannot properly con couraging State organizations of nuclear 1969 Tax Reform Act defined a production tribute to organized medicine and the health medicine to work with the States for payment as a straight loan. That meant that care delivery system. more consistent nationwide programs. the oil companies had to pay taxes on reve The college is closing its second year nues pledged to production payments. As a This is the principal purpose of the result, this method of financing quickly fell college. It _grew out of the Society of of existence with a convention in Miami out of use. NuClear Medicine, which is devoted prin beginning January 28. During the con Now it is being revived on a massive cipally to the scientific progression of the vention, members of the college will dis scale by the major oil companies that are discipline. The founders of the college cuss ways of building on cooperative locked into huge development projects re felt that an organization was needed to efforts to foster the safe and economical quiring enormous amounts of capital. "It deal with problems of a · more ordinary delivery of nuclear medicine. Recognizing really opens up another avenue in raising n~ture which were hamperhig or threat the vital importance of progress in capital in a capital-short economy," says an· ened to hamper the safe and economical preventing and treating diseases with official of a Midwest-based oil company.'·· delivery of this health care service. · the best methods and technologies that LAGGING PROFITS The college listed among the prob are available, .I hope my colleagues join Oil company profits have declined from. with me in wishing them well. 1974's spectacular heights. The amount of lems encountered in the field the fol cash they can generate internally and their lowing: public fear, lack of understand ability to borrow through traditional chan ing, and misinformation about nuclear nels have diminished proportionately. But medicine; unnecessary and costly regu massive projects already begun-such as lations and restrictions; complex State CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN OIL development of oil and gas fields off U.S. and Federal regulations; transportation INDUSTRY shores, in the North Sea and on Alaska's difficulties involving nuclear medicine North Slope-require the continuous infu sion of vast sums. supplies; and the previous lack of a co HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN The major oil companies see the produc hesive effort to attack such problems. OF OHIO tion payment as at least a temporary way The thrust of. the new organization's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out of this bind. With it, they can raise capi efforts has been in the direction of foster tal without running up a huge bank debt. ing activities which will help practi Wednesday, January 28, 1976 "For Mobil," says R. H. Gardner, treasurer, tioners deliver this health care to the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, an "we look at it as bridge financing that public, safely and at minimal cost. article on capital investment problems of doesn't hurt our bank fiexibllity." For instance, the college has been in Texaco chose this means of financing to the oil industry appears in Monday's edi raise $250 million recently. The production close contact with the Subcommittee on tion of the Wall Street Journal. In view payment involved its interests in cerain oil Government Activities and Transporta of recent legislative action on oil price and gas fields in Texas and off the coast of tion, particularly regarding its recent controls and depletion allowance repeal, Louisiana. oversight hearings on the implementa- I thought that my colleagues would be Last month, Atlantic Richfield closed the 1422 EXTE SIGNS OF REMARKS January 28, 19;6 sale of a $420 million oil and gas production ficiai of General American Oil Co. of Texas, the Fathers of our country. Here in our payment to a new corporation, Alasca Inc., a big Dallas-based oil and gas producer that created specifically for the transaction. is generally credited with initiating the con Nation's Capital we are privileged to Alasca, in turn, financed the purchase of the cept decades ago. At least for now, the inde have one such man whose life and works production payment with a private place pendents say that their capital require are the very embodiment of the faith, ment of $200 million of notes with institu• ments-far smaller than the majors'-can be the sense of conscience a.nd the response tional lenders and a $200 million loan from a met through normal debt channels. to duty that have so endeared the Fomld group of banks that included First National ing Fathers to us all. I speak of Dr. E. City Bank, Chase Manhattan Bank and M?r· c. Smith, pastor of the Metropolitan gan Guaranty Trust Co. of New York. W1th Baptist Church. its capital outlays averaging $2 billion a year, Atlantic Richfield will apply the pro CLARENCE M. MITCHELL HONORED History, Mr. Speaker, is nourished by ceeds from this production payment toward instructive example. The instructive ex~ the development of its North Slope oil and HON. CARL D. PERKINS ample of the life of Dr. E. C. Smith has gas properties. indeed enriched the public service, OF KENTUCKY USED OUTSIDE OIL INDUSTAY exalted the public life, and added lustre Indiana Standard recently completed the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the work of the church in America. acquisition of certain oil- and gas-producing Wednesday, January 28, 1976 Ernest Clarence Smith, pastor of Met properties in Wyoming and two gas-treat Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, on Tues ropolitan Baptist Church since 1928, has ment plants from Pasco Inc. The purchase served his church, his community, and day, January 27, a host of ~riends and price was about $224 million, but Indiana his country with an unwavering and Standard paid less than $90 million in cash. admirers of Clarence M. Mitchell hon The balance came from a $135 million pro ored him at a luncheon at the Shoreham untiring devotion to the betterment of duction payment. Hotel. mankind. His leadership can only be Production payments are finding new fa I think it is fitting that Clarence characterized as inspired commitment to vor outside the oil industry, too. Union Car Mitchell's services to his country and his the cause of social justice, racial har bide Corp. recently sold a $160 million pro mony, and spiritual regeneration. duction payment that will be repaid with people have been recognized. The honorary cochairpersons for the A man of immense wisdom, Reverend future output of uranium and vanadium Smith was educated a 1t Virginia Semi from Rocky Mountain mines and tungsten event were the distinguished U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Mr. BROOKE; the nary and College, Virginia Union Uni ore mined in California. W. R. Grace & Co. is versity, and is the recipient of honorary negotiating $60 million of similar financing Honorable Patricia Roberts Harris, Mrs. to be discharged from future phosphate-rock Kivie Kaplan, and George Me2.ny, presi doctorate degrees from Virginia Semi production in Florida. Grace is also in the dent of the AFL-CIO. nary and Virginia Union University. For process of obtaining financing for a joint During my years in Congress, Mr. 23 years, he was an instru0tor in the coal-mining venture with Hanna Mining Co. Speaker, it has been my privilege . to School of Religion a;t Howat·d University. through a production payment. His contributions to the churchdom This isn't the first time production pay meet with and talk with many distm guished Americans about the issues be are 'as numerous as they are outstanding ments have been used in the coal industry. and 'they refiec't the extraordinary career In 1966, Continental Oil Co. used $460 mil fore the country during a period of 27 lion in production payments to acquire Con years. of a man who ha:s touched so many lives solidation Coal Co., the nation's second But I would be hard put to name any in the course of his service to God and largest coal concern. (According to some offi one of them who had more reasonable mankind. For 19 years, he was vice presi cials in the oil industry, this use of the pro dent of the Virginia Baptis't State Con duction payment outside the oil business ness of approach, more compassion in his outlook, and more genuine concern for vention. He has authored several publi focused national publicity on the practice cations for church school workers, and and ultimately led to Congress's elimination what is right and wrong than Clarence M. Mitchell. under his astute guidance, Metropolitan of the tax break.) Baptist Church has constructed and paid In the past year, Gulf Oil used a $67 mil If we in the United States followed the lion production payment to finance the ex Japanese custom of paying special hom for a modern educational structure and pansion of a coal mine. Gulf also recently age to our rmique and irreplaceable citi is building a 100,000 youth center. used the technique to obtain $100 million zens, he would long since have been de Washingtonians celebr·aJting our Na from banks for development of several off clared an American National Treasure. tion's Bicentennial see reflected in Dr. shore Louisiana oil fields and $27 million E. c. Smith the sterling quaUties that from another group of banks to develop its Rarely in its history has our country produced a man whose dignity and de endear the Founding Fathers to all offshore holdings in the African state of Americans. cency, and whose essential worth ha~e Zaire. As the pa:triots recognized the out SHARING POLITICAL RISKS been so recognized and esteemed by his standing leadership qualities of the An obvious advantage of this type of fi fellow countrymen. nancing is that it reduces the oil companies' The lengthening years that I have Fa;ther of our Country, George Washing risks, particularly abroad, where there is been privileged to know and to work ·ton, so the 3,000 members of the historic often a. chance that their properties could be closely with Clarence Mitchell have Metropolitan Baptist Church have for nationalized. In Zaire, a Gulf official says, served but deepen the affection I have 48 years enthusiastically followed his "the banks shared the political risks" by fi to leading. His leadership of 'the powerful nancing the oil company's development for him, and my appreciation for his intellect and his honor. Committee of 100 Ministers continues there, while Gulf, he says, "undertook the even today on numerous matters before technical risk of bringing the field on pro The generous and magnanimous our newly eleoted government reminds duction." spirit of Clarence Mitchell has enriched (Because their risks are greater than us of the courage, tenacity ,seemingly this country, and I am glad to see that he boundless energy of a Patrick Henry. with ordinary loans, banks making produc has been appreciated in his own time. tion-payment loans often charge a premium Dr. E. C. Smith has meant so much ranging up to one percentage point over to me personally as ·the inspiration of my prime, the interest rate they generally youth, a counselor in my early. ministry, charge their best corporate customers.) and a guide in my political llfe that I Republic National Bank of Dallas, a unit BICENTENNIAL SALUTE TO DR. E. C. SMITH rank him with a Thomas Paine in his of Republic of Texas Corp. and a pioneer in ''Common Sense." The practical wisdom production-payment financing, provided with seven other banks the $100 million Gulf of a Benjamin Franklin is seen in Dr. is using for its fields off the Louisiana coast. HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY Smith's prudent application of religion The other banks included Manufacturers OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA to life in the modern educational bt ild Hanover Trust Co. and Bankers Trust Co. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing, the Kiddie College, and the youth Major oil companies are interested in pro center he has built. duction payments, a Republic National vice Wednesday, January 28, 1976 The political sagacity of a Thomas Jef president says, "because this type of financ Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, as this ferson is reflected in the fact that both ing isn't reflected on the balance sheets as direct debt. That is the key." great Republic celebrates it Bicentennial the National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Independent oil companies, who were the and we reflect upon the vh'tues of the Inc. and the Progressive National Bap·!;ist principal users of the production payment Founding Fathers of our Nation, I think Convention of our great Nation count when it still offered tax advantages, don't it most appropriate that we pay tribute him among the most revered and re share the new enthusiasm. "This isn't some also to those who today carry on in the spected ministers to serve them in the thing for the independents now," says an of- best tradit.ion of the faith and works of history of ·the national church bodies. January 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1423 I consider it an honor and a privilege cant attention to and p1·ogress in all of those the basis of recommendations which I shall areas. Let us look at a few of those challenges make to you, the city council, for legislation to introduce into the CONGRESSIONAL by which our system can be streamlined. RECORD this testimonial in recognition of in detail. CrrY GOVERNMENT IS BETTER ORGANIZED Evaluation will help city government to de Rev. Ernest Clarance Smith, a great cide where to spend valuable tax dollars to American who, by his deeds, has earned Our executive branch reorganization plan be sure that Atlantans receive the maximum the respect and admiration of the citi is in place with nine departments function benefit from them. Also, budget-related pri ing under the able leadership of a dedicated orities will be set and followed. zens of our Nation's Capital as a Found group of commissioners. With the coopera ing Fa,ther of religious leadership. Further, we will have, for the first time, tion of the city council, the process of re staff working specifically on the most produc organization was completed one year earlier tive way to seek and obtain Federal dollars. than expected. In the face of changing Federal priorities and As anticipated, we are having to work out regulations, cities must be aware of the im the fine points of our new charter during the portance of up-to-date knowledge of the ATLANTA: STATE OF THE day-to-day functioning of government. Our CITY-1976 Washington financial scene. Many American new city charter is now only two yea1·s old cities now retain Washington-based con and, like the U.S. Constitution or any new sultants to work directly on the Federal charter, faces many more years of interpre level to ensure their maximum access to es HON. ANDREW YOUNG tation from the cow:ts, the citizens and sential Federal dollars. Although needed, At OF GEORGIA elected officials. That interpretation and defl- 11.i.tion will not hamper the functions of gov lanta has no such representative yet. But we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES do rely frequently on the efforts of organi ernment anl the delivery of vital services to zations such as the U.S. Conference of May Wednesday, January 28, 1976 the people of Atlanta. ors and the National League of Cities. These Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, THE CITY OF ATLANTA IS FINANCIALLY SOUND organizations, on whose executive boards I on January 5, 1976, Maynard Jackson, The city of Atlanta's financial stability was have been elected to serve, are charged with mayor of Atlanta, delivered his annual recognized by Wall Street in late September. protecting the interests of the 80 % of the state of the city address before the At Standard and Poor's Corporation and Moody's national population that is urban America. investors service, America's foremost mUDic We cannot afford to be left out of that proc lanta City Council. It was with optimism ipal bond rating services, reviewed Atlanta's ess. In 1974, Atlanta received $44.1 million in and determination that Mayor Jackson financial policies, practices and current status Federal grants as compared to only $5.6 mil addressed himself to Atlanta, its prog and, despite the climate generated by New lion in 1970. This money, secured through ress, and its future. I believe it will be York City's financial crisis, reaffirmed our aggressive pursuit by city government, was of interest to my colleagues to witness city's financial stability and continued the used in several vital areas, including public how Atlanta, one of our Nation's great high grade, excellent ratings for Atlanta's safety, community development, housing, est cities, is coping with the demands of bonds. planning, cultural affairs and environmen a rapidly growing population with the However, we have been hit as badly by run tal protection. A loss of these funds would away inflation as other American municipal create severe needs in these and other im pressures and perils dictated by our pres ities and States; and, although we are in bet portant areas. But this Fede1·a1 money also ent age. The mayor stated: ter financial shape than most cities, we in increases the local responsibility to produce These are times that call upon all of us tend to maintain our "people-o1·iented" for Atlantans worthwhile cost-effective pro to open our eyes to the realities around us, policy of quality service to the citizens of grams with these funds. Our Bureau of to avoid the "tunnel vision" that can lead Atlanta with strict adherence to a fiscally Budget policy and evaluation will help city to disillusionment. We must look critically sound, balanced budget. I believe members government to meet that responsibility at our past, learn from it and build a firmer of council share that intention and commit successfully. foundation for our future as a united ment. ATLANTA IS NOW A SAFER CITY Atlanta. Yet, the cost of city services is rapidly out A recent poll -taken in Atlanta by Pat Cad It is upon this understanding that stripping Atlanta's ability to meet the de dell''s nationally recognized Cambridge Sur mand from its present tax structure. We have vey Research, Inc., and sponsored by the Mayor Maynard Jackson made the fol responded to this dilemma with four basic lowing address: C & S National Bank, revealed that public policies: safety is a. topic of major concern for many THE STATE oF THE CrrY 1. In my last budget message, we directed Atlantans. I am pleased to report to you that (By Maynard Jackson) city commissioners to "do more with less", we have made significant progress in public and the departments have responded well to safety during 1975. 1975 was not an easy year for Atlanta. this fiscal imperative. The sorry state of our national economy and The Bureau of police Services in the City 2. We have avoided tax increases where Department of Public Safety is charged with the local manifestations of those problems; possible and have taken a hard line against the continuing adjustment of city govern the responsibility of enforcing the law, but property tax increases for 1976. our police officers spend almost 70 % of their ment to the dramatically different require 3. We are emphasizing during my adminis ments of a new city charter and to the time performing crime prevention services. tration efforts to increase program efficiency These services range from work with young resulting sweeping reorganization; our in and effectiveness through timely planning creasing sensitivity to the many human re people and crisis-oriented families to direct and evaluation. ing traffic to building good, solid police lations questions to which we must find 4. Support of helpful annexation plans. answers-an of these factors made 1975 a community relations. We feel that these year filled with the constant search for MODERN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR A MODERN services are just as important as the tradi answers to complex questions. CITY tional role of police officer as "enforcer". A This is not a time to meet together at We have begun to define and evaluate pro police officer cannot survive out on the year's end and pat each other on the back grams on the basis of their productivity and streets of a city if he or she is perceived as with self-satisfied smiles. This is not a time effectiveness. We now have an annually a member of an "occupying army". Any po to gloss over our problems as though they adopted comprehensive development plan lice officer must have the support, trust and do not exist. This is not a time to pretend (CDP) which is Atlanta's overall statement cooperation of his or her community to func that there are no desperate people walking of goals and objectives for maintenance and tion effectively in preventing and fighting the streets of our city begging for jobs. This improvement of city services and facilities. crime, and the success of our team-policing is not a time to ignore what the economic The comprehensive development plan (CDP) experiment especially proves that. crisis that has gripped our nation has done is a tool that will provide among other things, Our FBI-reported crime statistics bear out to the people of our great city-that those the basis for much-needed program evalua the wisdom of this approach. Although we arc who desperately seek work are both skilled tion. At periodic intervals, we must evaluate far from satisfied, Atlanta has made signifi and unskilled, educated and uneducated, our own progress toward achieving depart cant strides in reducing crime during the white as well as black. mental goals and work programs by asking past two years. In fact, during the first 11 These are times that call upon all of us whether a program does what it was created months of 1975, better training, better plan to open our eyes to the realities around us, to do. On the basis of this kind of evalua ning and dedicated work by the Atlanta Bu to avoid the "tunnel vision" that can lead tion, we will be able to determine whether reau of Police Services paid off insubstantial to disillusionment. We must look critically a given program should be refined, revamped continued reductions in homicide (down at our past, learn from it and build a firmer or discontinued. For the first time in our 25.1 % ), auto theft (down 10.8%), robbery foundation for our future together as a city's history, we now have a firm commit (down 7.6 % ), and burglary (down 11.6%). united Atlanta. ment to conduct this kind of on-going study Our crime rate, therefore, is down in s.t least I ask you today to join with me in under and evaluation. Right uow, in fact, we are four of the seven major areas of criminal standing our recent past, evaluating it, aud conducting an intensive evaluation of how activity; the independent Atlanta Crime then looking toward the new year. At this the city council and the executive branch Commission reports that downtown is the time last year, I addressed the city council pt·ocess contracts and how that process can safest place in metro-Atlanta; and the re and discussed several areas which demanded be speeded up without sacrificing the needed gional and national rates of crime increase our iinmediate and careful attention. I am system of checks and balances. That study, are more than five times Atlanta's overall pleased to report that there has been signifi- being conducted at 1ny direction, will form rate of crime increase ! 1424 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 28, 19'1'6 We also are experiencing a great deal of citizens living in these areas. Ours has be formation and unseemly hystel'la. Many were success with a number of crime prevention come a leading model of citizen participa in response to fear and ignorance, and some programs which stress public involvement tiou in American urban planning. were just poorly and ineptly reported. All of and. public education. The best known of "Sensitivity" may seem out of place in a these concepts, however, are merely tools to these outreach programs is T.H.O.R. (Target "State of the City" report. It might seem help us as a government and as a society of Hardening/Opportunity Reduction). With that a cold. purely objective analysis of facts human beings to learn to judge each other nine neighborhood headquarters strategically and figures would be more appropriate. I dis on the basis of quality and not on the basis agree. I am convinced that one of the major of race or sex or height or weight or religion located throughout the city, T.H.O.R., since or color of hair and shape of eyes. We are its inception a little over a year ago, has con accomplishments of this administration will be the opening up of government to all At committed to providing the opportunity to ducted 49,000 residential security surveys and all Atlantans to compete in the economic 17,500 commercial security surveys. We know lantans. My primary goal is to make this government work for all Atlantans by listen arena. That does not mean we advocate favor it works because burglaries dropped over 11% ing any one group over any other group or durlng 1975! ing t o the voices of all, including those who are too rarely heard by our society. We have any one Atlantan over any other Atlantan This record of accomplishment and com just because of race. It does mean that 've mitment cannot be viewed without some responded to those voices in many areas, and next month I will present to the citizens of must make basic changes in how the histori irony, however. In spite of the giant strid'=ls cally unfair system works in order to be sure we have taken in this area-internally with Atlanta a report on the fimt two years of my administration so that we can understand that "lowest and best" is achieved in an open the programs, activities and procedures to and competitive bidding process where Fed improve communications and morale and de specifically how responsive and how effective we have been to the needs and concerns of eral and city affirmative action 1·equirements velop a more professional bureau of police are met and where all bidders have an equal services, and externally with improved, struc all Atlantans. We have tried to be sensitive to the day chance to compete. tured exchange between police officers and to-day operations that make a city livable. I think "competition" is a key word in citizens on every level-we are faced with the any discussion of these complex questions. possibility of losing approximately 313 feder "Herbie the curbie," born of necessity, has been in operation for a little over a year, and Just being black is not enough to win any ally funded police positions at the termina city contract, but neither shall it ever again tion of funding by t.he U.S. Law Enforcement our new system of equalized garbage col lection is in place at a savings to Atlanta be a reason for exclusion from any city con Assistance Administration (LEAA) of "high tract. I am committed to excellence and ef impact" anti-crime programs. This loss, if it taxpayers of $3.4 million per year. "Operation SCAT" (Special Cleanup Action Team) was ficiency, and neither of these is deleted or occurs, and other budget restrictions will cre diluted through a fair, equitable, legal proc ate a situation where extraordinary effort on created in September to give special atten tion to cleaning up historically neglected and ess of open competition. In other words, it the part of every police officer and extraor does not cost more and take longer just be dinary cooperatiol on the part of every citi other heavy-activity areas. The city of At lanta is cooperating with Central Atlanta cause one of the participating firms is black. zen and other city employees will be neces It may not be easy for those among us sary if we are to continue to move forward Progress, Inc., on a new "environmental patrol" to concentrate on keeping downtown who are frightened by change to respond in this area. We intend to fight vigorously to positively to this new openness. There will preserve federal funding, however. Therefore, Atlanta clean and attractive. We also are increasing our struggle to rehabilitate and be tensions and there wlll be strains upon I have agreed to serve as chair of a task our relationships with each other, but that force of mayors, appointed by the President preserve 0\.1r precious neighborhoods. But we have not restricted ourselves to has always been the case. We must expect of the U.S. Conference of Mayors, to lead the that. A profound American, Frederick Doug these aspects of city life. We dramatic~.lly fight for renewal by the Congress of U.S. lass, once said that you cannot have "crops LEAA funding at an adequate level. have increased and formalized the city's com mitment to the arts and culture through the without plowing up the ground"; you can The Bureau of Fire Services has demon department of parks, libraries and cultural not have "the ocean without the awful roar strated its excellence by leading Atlanta to a affairs. That city department's new bureau of its many waters". I believe, as Douglass city fire safety rating in the highest class of cultural and international affairs has taken said, that "if there is no struggle there is achieved by any American city. the concept of "open government" and ap no progress." We cannot become a great A MORE LIVABLE CITY THROUGH plied it to our city's cultural life. Structuring city until we are able to argue the issues "OPEN GOVERNMENT" vigorously and without fear that our opinions events which are exciting and free to the will be viewed as "disruptive." We will never, The Department of Public Safety is not citizens of Atlanta, this dynamic bureau has never, never solve our problems unless we the only area in which we have reached out provided individual artists with commissions face them and the hypocrites whose words to the citizens of Atlanta for their advice and grants assistance, provided service grants to arts groups, and sponsored and co-spon urge us to "come together" while their ac and help. Full citizen participation in all as tions keep us apart. pects of governmental planning has become sored a number of exciting projects which It is my firm belief that our city cannot a hallmark of this administration. have involved maximum citizen participation come together in racial unity to build the Our continuing effort to involve citizens at all levels and across all economic, racial kind of progressive, humane coalition to in the decisions that affect our lives can be and sexual boundaries. "Mayor's day for the which many of us are committed without seen most clearly in a more aggressive urban arts'' on May 9, brought tens of thousands first examining and coming to terms with design commission and in the development of people into downtown Atlanta for free ourselves. We must be cOinfortable with our of Atlanta's one-year, five-year and fifteen performances and demonstrations by the human differences and confident that we can year comprehensive development plan (CDP). finest artists Atlanta has to offer. Following agree more than we will disagree, and that The CDP, mandated by the new city charter, up "mayor's day for the arts" with the crea we can do so with a loving spirit of devotion is to be used as a guide for the orderly tion of the neighborhood arts center on to our city, which is more important than growth and development of our city. Citizen Georgia Avenue, the "city sounds" summer any of us. We still have the best race rela participation in the development of the CDP concert series in central city park, the tions of any major city in America; and if is a democratically structured process calling "Georgia grassroots music day" in under we do not "cut off our nose to spite our for public hearings throughout the city in 24 ground Atlanta, the October "festival of face", we will have a bright futm·e as a city sub-areas called neighborhood planning units women in the arts" and the December "per truly united, an example of hope to a divided (N.P.U.). These hearings, conducted annually forming arts festival". This bureau has re America. as a part of the process of producing and up affirmed this government's commitment to dating the comprehensive development plan, bring art to Atlantans-downtown, uptown, THESE AnE " TRYING TIMES", BUT GETTING as well as regular N.P.U. meetings, allow midtown, eastside and westside, southside BETTER neighborhoods and communities to bring and northside, rich and poor, blacl{, brown What does o1.U' immediate future hold? their ideas, their suggestions and their prior and white-in a fresh new way. In the past, 1976 is not a year to dream big dreams. Tlle ities to the attention of city government for we have supported the arts officially and di national economy has not recovered and we incorporation in the comprehensive develop rectly on a limited basis; however, direct city will continue to feel the effects of that na ment plan. It is a process which is still evolv support has more than doubled in the past tional slump. Our revenues are not increas ing and which gives us a new way of plan two years and our commitment is to make ing with the same rapidity with which our ning together for a better quality of life. It "the arts" enjoyable and open and accessible costs are rising. Unemployment continues to allows us to make wise decisions today based to all Atlantans. be a matter of major concern. We are going on our goal for a more livable city tomorrow. Another primary concern in "opening up" to have to consolidate and maximize our It allows us to establish consistency in the government to the people is in the area o! existing resources. We must do more witll planning process and to avoid duplication, jobs aud contracts. It is unnecessary for me less. All of us must be prepared to sacrifice waste, neglect and insensitivity. to review here in detail the terms and con for Atlanta's long-term goals. In 1975, the city council approved the cepts with which we have become familiar I do not mean to suggest that Atlanta has boundary lines for the 24 neighborhood plan during the last year. Words like "joint ven nothing to anticipate. In the public sector ning units. Neighborhood planning commit ture", "affirmative action", and "equal em alone, we have four major capital improve tees now have been organized in 18 of these ployment opportunity" have made the head ment projects which will get underway in neighborhood planniug units. Next year, we lines more often than any of us can re 1976, creating new jobs and a more livable should have "sketch plans" for every N.P.U., member. Regrettably, many of the stories we Atlanta. Our new central·library (made pos produced with continuous pa1·ticipation by heard and read were based on incol'l'ect in- sible through the efforts of a marvelous, January 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1425 determined, interracial coalition of Atlanta A TRIBUTE TO JOSEPH C. MUSCA Pel·haps the greatest single contribu voters), the Richard B. Russell Federal of tion that Italian Americans as a group fice building (which will be located in the have reaped on American society is their heart of our vibrant downtown area). 1n· creased Marta construction, and work on HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE continued reverance for the values of the Hartsfield Atlanta International Air OF NEW YORK the family and their related concern for port Midfield Development. All of these pro· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their local community. And this comes at jects, amounting to approximately $1.5 bil· an especially critical time-a time when lion, will give our local economy a much• Wednesday, Janum·y 28, 1976 these kinds of values seem to be eroding. appreciated boost. Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, I would Stability, hard worl{, decency, honesty We can look forward also to exciting inno like to bring to the attention of my col these are characteristics of the vast ma vations in many areas under the federally funded community development program, leagues a very special person-someone jority of Italian-Ameircan families. Un administered by the city of Atlanta Depart who through years of community service spectacular in themselves, they help ment of Community and Human Develop has emerged as one of western New maintain the fabric of American life. ment. Our $18.8 million first-year community York's outstanding citizens and commu Joseph Musca's efforts in western New development grant will be utilized in desig nity leaders. York are certainly indicative of this nated target areas to benefit Atlanta citizens Joseph C. Musca has just been named heritage. through neighborhood improvement projects, vice consul for the Italian Government Those of us who share this great heri some transit area development projects and other physical improvement activities con for western New York State. Buffalo tage, as Mr. Musca does, can be both sistent with the objectives of the Federal born, at the age of 5, Mr. Musca returned proud and thankful; proud of our role as Housing and Community Development Act with his parents to their hometown of spiritual heirs of Columbus and those of 1974. During 1976, $9.3 million will be Campobello di Licata, Sicily. Mr. Musca who followed him, and thankful for this utilized for additions and improvements to reentered the United States in 1949 and great, rich land of ours, which has given our parks, initial development of a new since 1969 has served as consul agent for freedom, opportunity, and hope to mil neighborhood facility and expansion of western New York. In that capacity, he lions of the world's oppressed. an existing facility, major improvements In recognition of the kind of man to the city's storm sewer and drainage has devoted his time and energy in aid systems, improved street lighting in the ing and counseling countless persons who Joseph Musca is, as well as in celebration central and other business districts, com have sought his assistance. of his recent appointment as vice consul, pletion of the Plunkettown interim as Mr. Musca has exhibited great con the Federation of Italian-American So sistance program, and rehabilitation of 350 cern for the 'betterment of the entire cities is sponsoring a testimonial dinner housing units. Also, in the 1976 program, western New York community and its honoring Mr. Musca. The dinner will take economic development and improvement citizens by taking a very active role in place at the Statler Hilton Hotel in Buf programs will help to revitalize little Five many civic, cultural, and charitable or falo, N.Y., on January 31, 1976. Guests Points and Lakewood Heights business com munities. With the $1.2 million the council ganizations and in several of these he will include New York State Court of An has approved for this purpose, improvement has served in an executive capacity. Mr. peals Judge Domenic L. Gabrielli; Rob loans will be made available for restoration Musca's record of service and citizen ert Gaja, Italian Ambassador to the of commercial areas, and major public im ship is a great credit to both the govern United States; and Vieri Traxler, consul provements, such as street lighting, side ment he represents and the community general of Italy. walk repair, parking and street improve Mr. Speaker, I would like to join in ments, will be completed. in which he lives. Joseph Musca's achievements are part the honoring of Joseph Musca by offering In selected transit station areas, $4.5 mil my own personal congratulations. He lion will be spent in 1976 for physical im of a long legacy of accomplishments left provements and redevelopment activities. In us by a proud, distinguished Italian deserves this promotion, as well as the late February, I will make my recommenda American heritage. Throughout our recognition of his outstanding achieve tions to the city council on program ex ments. penditures for the 1976-1977 community country's history, no group has made a development program, the second program more notable contribution to our great year. democracy than Italian Americans. CUTBACKS IN ELDERLY PROGRAMS ATLANTA: BELIEVE IN IT, ENJOY IT AND Entire books have been devoted to the TALK UP contributions of Italians in America. In 1976 will be a year when the most impor government, Italian Americans have dis tant asset our city can have will be an in HON. JOE MOAKLEY tinguished themselves as Members of OF MASSACHUSETTS tangible one. It will be a year when our own Congress, Governors and mayors, Cabinet vision of what our city can be and our self IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES confidence can take us another step closer to officers and jurists, and in countless oth "the great city," the successful city, the eth er positions in Federal, State, and local Wednesday, January 28, 1976 ical city. government. Today, my Italian-Ameri Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, Presi Fear, self-doubt and negativism will cause can colleagues in Congress include 2 us to see ourselves "as grasshoppers" and so dent Ford has requested cutbacks in the appear to others. Lack of confidence can Senators and 23 Representatives. funding of services for senior citizens dwarf our accomplishments and our courage Italian Americans helped to build our which was authorized by the Congress and can seduce us back into the quicksand railroads and bridges and construct many under Public Law 94-135. of "if only" land and the suffocation of medi of our greatest buildings. Italian-Ameri I strongly oppose the administration's ocrity. can artists and sculptors poured their proposals. This country's senior citi That is the choice we must make. Will we love for their adopted country into the zens should be highest among national be a city of grasshopper mentality, or will we beautification of our public buildings. share the prolllise of our future together? priorities. Will we look at the present good things about The U.S. Capitol itself is an endming The administration's budget for fiscal ourselves and our city and "talk up Atlanta," monument to their skill and dedication. 1977 does include funding in the areas or will we choose to present a negative atti Italian-American musicians and sing of transportation, homemaker services, tude to each other and to the nation, one ers, actors, and actresses excel in the per and legal aid for older Americans. that can do more to hurt us than any eco forming arts and entertainment fields. For instance, State and community nolllic slump or natural disaster? Every industry in the United States services programs under title III of the I choose Atlanta, already America's great has benefited from, and continued to Older Americans Act would be funded at est city. I choose to believe that we shall benefit from the input of Italian capital continue to succeed and that we can create a level of $97 million. The programs un an urban model of excellence of which gen· and energy. In addition, Ameircan labor der this title received approximately $105 erations yet unborn can be proud. Let us has been strengthened greatly by its Ital million in Federal funds in fiscal1975. believe and work together, Atlanta, to buUd ian-American leaders and membership. We cannot permit these cuts. Allowing • that kind of city and that kind of future. Italian influence on American civiliza this is turning our backs on the senior Believe in Atlanta I Enjoy it, and talk up! tion can be found in every facet of our citizen who has worked all of his or her CXXII--91-Part 2 society, save none. life, and has little to show for it. At a 1426 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 28, 1976 time when inflation hits the older seg ment of the longstanding dispute be George Halas founded the Chicago Bears ment of our population hardest of all, tween the Soboba Indians and the metro 56 years ago. As the team's coach for 40 we cannot and must not consider cut politan water district by authorizing years, "Papa Bear"-as he is fondly backs which hit at these people's stand the Secretary of the Interior to approve called by many-forged the Bears into ard of living. a release agreement that would be nego a football team professionally respected There are currently efforts taking tiated between the Soboba Band, the for its talent, skill, and spirit. George's place to bring transportation and other Metropolitan Water District of Southern leadership and expertise in coaching led services to more senior citizens. We can California, and the Eastern Municipal the Bears to 321 victories-a record in not discontinue the progress we have Water District, thereby releasing the NFL history. made. To deny older Americans new serv two districts from the Indians' claim His career in professional football is ices is wrong. To reduce existing pro for damages and authorizing the Interior distinguished by many firsts-George be grams is outrageous. Secretary to enter into an annexation ing the first to use the films of opponents' and water service agreement with the games to prepare for upcoming battles Eastern Municipal Water District to pro as well as the first coach to hold daily vide for the construction of facilities that practice sessions. George Halas led the SOBOBA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS will supply the Soboba Indians with a way in broadcasting the games on radio permanent source of water. To date, no allowing fans to follow their favorite such agreement has been entered into. team. HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS For this reason, I am introducing this Perhaps one of his fondest memories legislation today as a means of obtaining might be the year 1940 when the Bears OF CALIFORNIA suitable domestic water facilities for the under his capable leadership successfully IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soboba Reservation. romped the Washington Redskins, 73 to Wednesday, January 28, 1976 Mr. Speaker, I would like to insert for 0, in the NFL championship game. Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, yesterday the RECORD the following resolution George is an individual who has long I introduced legislation to enable the In adopted by the Soboba Tribal Council been interested and active in the area of dian Health Service of the Department endorsing my legislation: professional football with a career dat of Health, Education, and Welfare to RESOLUTION ing back to 1920 with his participation provide the Soboba Band of Mission In Whe1·eas, the Soboba Reservation water in the founding of the NFL. George dians assistance in obtaining suitable supply has degenerated to the point that Halas has been a constant voice and a water and sewerage facilities. many residents are without domestic water leading spirit in the evolution of football for extended periods, and as a professional sport, as president of Currently, this group, located in the Whereas, the Bureau of Indian Affairs no Upper San Jacinto River Basin in south longer has authority to provide domestic the National Football Conference. His ern california, is precluded from receiv water facilities, and unceasing efforts and accomplishments ing assistance from the Indian Health Whereas, Department of Health, Education have rightly earned him a place in the Service because of provisions in Public and Welfare (DIH) is precluded from furn Pro Football Hall of Fame and the fond Law 91-557. These provisions provide ishing Soboba residents the same services title of "Father of Professional Football." that the eastern and the municipal water as received on other reserve.tions due to George Halas is truly a great human districts are to construct a water dis provisions of P.L. 91-557, and itarian who deserves the recognition of tribution system and water supply in Whereas, the foregoing conditions deprive the city of Chicago as well as the Nation. exchange for the annexation of the the Soboda people of a healthy environment, and Soboba's 5,056 acres. Because the band Whereas, the Soboba people have been has voted not to cede its land to the denied participation in housing and other MALPRACTICE PROBLEM water districts involved, construction of programs which would provide better living IDENTIFIED an adequate water supply has not taken conditions because of increased demands place and the Soboba Reservation water which would be placed on the existing in supply has degenerated to the point that sufficient water supply, and HON. DALE MilFORD many residents are without water for Whereas, Congresswoman Shirley Pettis OF TEXAS has indicated a willingness to have P.L. extended periods. Additionally, because IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of an insufficient water supply, the 234 91-557 amended to provide Public Health Service with authority to assist the Soboba Wednesday, January 28, 1976 members of the band have been denied Band under the general authority of P.L. participation in Federal housing and 86-121 provided she is assured that her ap Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, distin other programs. proach to the problem has the support of guished colleagues, a magazine which My bill would expedite matters bY the Soboba Band. comes to my office regularly-Texas amending Public Law 91-557 and permit Now therefore be it resolved that the Parade-has published an article well ting the Indian Health Service, under its Soboba Band of Mission Indians inform Mrs. defining the issues involved in the doc general authority-Public Law 86-121; Pettis that we appreciate her concern in our tor against the lawyer hassles over m&.l problem and endorse her solution to provide practice and the insurance. 42 U.S.C. 2004a-to "provide the Soboba assistance in getting a suitable reservation Indian Reservation with sanitation domestic water supply. It is a serious problem. There are no facilities and services on the same basis Be it further resolved that the Bureau of easy answers. as other federally recognized Indian Indian Affairs and Public Health Service be My personal opinion is that the first groups." requested to endorse the legislation proposed step toward a soluti'On is public aware The history surrounding the Soboba by Mrs. Pettis to provide a means of obtain ness of the issues. This article, "Mal Reservation water supply goes back many ing suitable domestic water facilities for the practice: Who Pays?" by Randall Ben years. Springs and wells largely supplied Soboba Reservation. ham initiates that first step in Texas. domestic and irrigation water on the res I hope you will take the time to read ervation until about 1936 when, appar this article and see what you can do to ently, the metropolitan water district ward educating the public in your area constructed the San Jacinto tunnel as a GEORGE S. HALAS on the complexities of the malpractice pa.rt of its Colorado River aqueduct and issue. the tunnel intercepted large subterra The article follows: nean flows of water thereby diminishing HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY MALPRACTICE: WHO PAYS?-You Do! ( By Randall Benham) the :flow of certain springs on the reser OF U.LINOIS Dr. Homer Arnold can't say exactly when vation. Subsequently, a total of 21 springs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the reservation dried up. The Soboba it happened, but he knows his life has Wednesday, January 28, 1976 changed. An Austin thoracic and cardio-vas Indian Reservation thereupon-in 1941- culal' surgeon and president of the Travis demanded damages from Metropolitan Mr. MURPHY of nunois. Mr. Speaker, County Medical Society, Dr. Arnold feels his for water depletion on the reservation. today I join thousands of Chicagoans in medical practice-and the practice of medi The enactment of Public Law 91-557 applauding the selection of George S. cine is his 11fe-just isn't the same any in1970, was an effort to permit a settle- Halas as "Chicagoan of the Year." more. His attitude is different, the patients January 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1427 act differently. It's enough to make a man confidence in physicians and to a "lawsuit pense is the growing practice of "defensive wonder if it was all worthwhile: half a life mentality," The "Marcus Welby" syndrome medicine"-the use of excessive, sometimes time of education spread among Archea, Cal wherein patients, led on by television's unnecessary tests, corroborations and exam ifornia public schools. Humboldt State, and miracle-makir:g physicians, are outraged at inations intended more to protect the doctor the University of Oklahoma, the seven-day anything less than a perfectly happy ending. than the patient. Of the $80 bililon Ameri work weeks as an intern at Northwestern 2.) Malpractice awards are skyrocketing. cans spend annually on health care, more University and Chicago's Wesley Memorial Twenty years ago Medical Protective Insur than $21.5 billion is wasted, according to ansurgery for ex bitch or not?' of surgery-have found that priv·ate insur ample-may be tempted to abandon their "There's no doubt that my practice has ance companies aren't interested in carrying specialty for a less risky brand of medicine. changed. I'm more cautious. I don't talk them at any price. Although a general prac Surveys indicate that the more highly anybody into anything. No opinions, just titioner performing surgery can buy ade trained a doctor is, the more esoteric his facts ... And it's hard-really hard--espe quate coverage (up to $1 million) for as specialty, the more likely he is to be sued. cially when I know that a certain surgery little as $6,168, the same coverage for an For many young doctors choosing between will improve a man's chances of survival on obstetrician in Harris County (Houston) general practice and specializing, the legal down the line. But I can't run the risk. What costs $21,300, and for an orthopedic surgeon, risks of further education may become n de if the surgery fails and the man's family says $26,900. A 20 percent surcharge is added termining factor. For about 15 days last summer most peo I talked him into it ... ? I even dodge emer should the doctor be in group pvactice, and each claim made against the policy (even ple-physicians, patients and insurers alike gency room calls at the hospital. I mean, you thought the malpractice crisis had been know, I take 'em if I ge>t 'em, but I don't if it is unsuccessful) adds 25 percent. With make myself as available a-.s I used to. What gr.oup practice and a single unfounded claim downgraded to a minor -irritation. Following the work slowdowns of the doctors in Austin, am I gonna do?-go down to that emergency a Houston or,thopedic surgeon is tagged $41- room and help some guy who was in a car 450 a year. San Antonio and Fort Worth, the legislature wreck who probably'll never pay me anyway Texas hospitals face an equally expensive passed two bills that Governor Briscoe signed and who might just decide to sue? Emergency situation. Paying only $20 a bed a few years into law almost immediately. Both self destruct in December 1977. The first (SB466) room ~ecisions have to be made quickly, and ago, hospital malpractice insurance prem sometimes they're wrong. I just have too iums are now $600 a bed. Argonaut Insurance placed the rates of medical liability insur much to lose .... Company, claiming losses of more than $80 ance companies under the regulation of the "Things have changed ... It troubles me, million on malpractice insurance in 1974, State Insurance Board, a position they have actively avoided (with the help of the Texas it troubles me mctfally, but there's nothing cancelled the policies of 75 Texas hospitals I can do about it. The risks are too great. last October. And in one hospital, the Alvin Medical Association) for more than 20 years. They scare me off." Gulf Coast Hospital, malpractice premiums The second, (SB 491) created a "Blue-Rib Dr. Arnold's unease is but a single com rose from $8,300 a month in January to bon" commission to study the malpractice paratively superficial, facet of the p{:oblem $25,000 a month in March. problem and, more significantly, gave the that headline writers have correctly dubbed Finally the doctors responded. Following SIB power to impress the 400 insurance com The Malpractice Crisis. The crisis's most ob the example set by their California colleagues panies doing business in Texas into sort of an vious dimensions are these: a few days earlier, hundreds of Texas doctors involuntary insurance cartel called the Joint 1.) Malpractice suits are increasing. A in Austin, San Antonio and Fort Worth pro Underwriting Association (JUA). The bill spokesman for the insurance industry claims tested last June by picketing and refusing also established a two-year statute of limita that 90 percent of all the malpractice suits in to participate in any but emergency sur tion on most malpractice claims, doing away the United States have occurred since 1964. geries. The profession, said Dr. Sanford with the so-called "long-tail" claims that Moreover, the number of suits filed annuaUy Glanz, had "not faced such a crisis since stretch back dozens of years. The Board's has doubled in the last five years. This year 1778 when half the doctors in Philadelphia method of persuasion was simple: if a com more than 20,000 malpractice suits are ex were killed by the bubonic plague." pany wanted to keep writing auto, theft, life, pected. On a more individual level: one of Although the onus of the malpractice homeowners or any other kind of insurance every four physicians, nation-wide, will face crisis appears to fall to the physicians and in Texas, it had to join the JUA and write a suit sometime in his career. Although state insurance companies, the patients are the medical liability insurance, too. Pooling the wide figures aren't available for Texas, medi ones who really suffer. Although insurance risks, the companies now offer malpractice cal spokesmen in one area, Tarrant County premiums are deductible for income tax pur insurance to any physician who has been (Fort Worth), claim the odds are even worse: poses, most doctors estimate that they r1ust turned down by at least two companies reg two of five physicians will someday undergo generate two dollars in income for each pre ularly writing malpractice policies in Texas. the discomfort and embarrassment of baving mium dollar. Texas Medical Association fig The maximum coverage that a doctor can their professional lives laid bare before a jury. ures suggest that insurance premiums add as purchase is $300,000 (a maximum of $100, Why the upsurge? Experts cite several rea much as $2 to a routine office visit and $10 a ooo for any one claim and $300,000 in a year), sons: an increasingly sophisticated public, day to a patient's hospital bill. One Texas and the JUA has the right to assess policy the advent of specialists who don't engender specialist says his premiums add as much as holders up to 100 percent of their annual the emotional ties of trusted family physi $200 to the cost of particular surgeries. premium to cover any Association losses. In cians, -excessi\'e publicity leading to declining A less-publicized, more easily hidden, ex- theory it should have worked fine. Every 1428 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 28, -1976 doctor in Texas could at least be assured of norant about the human. anatomy, "Sure, cal care wasn't ~t fault. Is society .willing base coverage by a $100,000/$300,000 policy, p~o.ple . know wha~ ~ l,leart is-t]1.at's w;hei'e to carry the: financial burden of such ·a proj and surplus lines (Lloyd's of London, etc.), yo-q. . d9 your thinking if . you're 1;\ tr\le ect? Should .an malpr~
of student clubs in Detroit whose purpose· ton," one of the members of the House Un }i:e needed money, and prodded by ):lis wi~e. is the understanding .·of .black history. A~~~ica~ . A~t~vit~es .. Committee angrily de-. he turned to drama, which was. a growi:ng The sense of history shown by the ele ma_Jid~d: ."Why did you .not stay in ~tussla ?" · interest .foJ: ,her and for J{ai-Ie~ in tp.~t pe-· "Because my father was a slave," Robeson ment~ry .scP,ool students. who are actlve riod ~t c~:tur,al flowering known as the Har retorted, "and my people died to build this lem R~.l'!-aissance. , . . , 1n these -clubs ·moved· me deeply. And ~ ~ country, and. I am going to stay right here know that much of this historical self His first major role was in, El;lgene O'Ne.ill's and have a part of it, Nst like you. And rio new. pl.ay, "All -God's C.h~lun Got Wings," to awareness has arisen because individuals fas~ist-minded people will drive me from it. be followed by a revival of , ~' The Emperor like Paul Robeson devoted their life and Is that clear?" Jones,".. the role first created by the black work to the cause of human development He said in 1957: ". . . I care . . . less than actor Charles Gilpin. and dignity. nothing al?out what th~ lords of the land, the Robeson's performance in these plays.made I wish to share with my colleagues an big white folks, think of me .and my !deas ... an instant impact on theatergoers and critics But I do care-and deeply-about the Amer alike. obituary on Paul Robeson published in ica of the common People . . . the working the Washington Post on Saturday, Jan-· Reviewing it in the American Mercury, men and women whose picket lines I've George Jean Nathan said: "Robeson, with uary24: joined, auto workers, seamen, cooks and relatively little experience and with no PAUL ROBESON: RENAISSANCE MAN OF THE stewards, furriers, miners, steel workers and training to speak of, is one of the most thor ARTS, SOCIAL ACTIVIST t he foreign-.born, the various nationality oughly eloquent, impressive and convincing (By Dorothy G11liam) groups, the Jewish people with whom I have actors that I have looked at and listened to been close, and the middle-class progressives in almost 20 years of ·professional theater Unusual in this century was a voice like . . : the people of the arts and sciences, the Paul Robeson's. In the ability of his songs going." students-all of that America of which I He emerged as a leading developer of black t o evoke empathy and stir memories, his sang in the 'Ballad for .Americans' ... that was in the tradition of Feodor Chaliapin do the work." music in 1925, when he began his · singing ·, and Enrico Caruso. career with a concert in New York. It was · ·· Robeson was a man ahead of his time, the first concert ever given that consisted His luminous bass-baritone, his role as voicing utterances in the '30s and '40s that a leading early developer of black music were controyersial for any man. solely of Negro music. Together with Law and his songs of many peoples in many Robeson's personal odyssey was inseparable rence Brown, his accompanist · for many languages, mark him as a significant in from the life and struggles of black Amer years, who had been working on special ·ar fluence on American culture, and on world icans and common people around the globe rangements of Negro spirituals, he took the culture, too. to whom he felt closest. Neg'l.'O spiritual as an art form to a foremost But the range of his talent extended He was born on April 8, 1898, in Princeton, position on concert stages. beyond his muJical voice. In his numerous N.J., which Robeson later called a "humiliat The audience at the Greenwich Village sta.ge and screen roles, from his portrayal of ing" Southern town transplanted to the Theater simply sat and clamored for encores, the haunted Brutus Jones in Eugene O'Neill's North. His father was William Drew Robeson, and the critics went wild. "The Emperor Jones," to "Othello" in the a minister; his mother, Maria Louisa Bus "All of those who listened last night to longest run of any Shakespeare play in till RObeson, a schoolteacher. the first concert in this country made en Broadway history, his performances were The elder Robeson escaped from slavery in tirely of Negro music," said the New York called by some critics the tours de force of a North Carolina when he was 15, and worked World critic, "may have been present at ·a great actor. his way through Lincoln University. Robeson turning pohit, one of those thin points of In the years before he developed as an time in which a star is born and not yet worshipped him. "H~ was the glory of my artist, his achievements as an athlete (he boyhood years," he said. "How proudly . . . visible-the first appearance of this folk had twice been named an end on Walter I walked at his side, my hand in his, as he wealth to be made without defel·ence · or Camp's All-America football team) and a moved among the people." His mother died apology. Paul Robeson's voice is difficult to scholar (he was Rutgers University's class when he was 5. By then a blind, semi-invalld, describe. It is a voice in which deep bells valedictorian, Phi Beta Kappa, and held a she was burned to death when a coal from a ring ..." law degree, from Columbia University), stove fell on her long-skirted dress. For the next 35 years, Robeson's singing marked him as a man of extraordinary After attending elementary and high school was to earn him worldwide fame, and for versatility. in small New Jersey towns, he won, through most of the 1930s and '40s, he was one of But he was more than a concert artist, academic competition, a four-year scholar the wodd's leading concert singers. stage and screen actor, athlete and scholar. ship to Rutgers and entered in 1915, the Jerome Kern wrote "01' Man River" ·with · He was a passionate humanitarian. school's third black student. Robeson in mind, but because of a delay · When, in 1957, he began his book, "Here I Unlike, say, a Picasso, who could draw in the premiere of "Show Boat" he didn't Stand," with the words, "I am a Negro," and from the time he was old enough to grasp get his chance to appear in it until the stated six paragraphs later, "I am an Ameri London production in 1928. He gave Sunday · a pencil, Robeson's magnificent voice did afternoon concerts at Drury Lane, for which can," these seemingly redundant declarations not dominate his early life. He sang in were no mere empty words. For while Robe church, and did occasional concerts while he Lawrence Brown came over froin Paris. ' son's blackness, indeed even his militance Robeson starred in films and more than long before it was either chic or safe, is un was at Rutgers. But the glee club did not 11 major plays in this country and England. questioned, that the white establishment want him because of the social affairs that In 1930 he played "Othello" with Peggy cast aspersions on his patriotism is the cen followed its concerts. Ashcroft, Sybil Thorndike and Maurice tral fact of the final decade of his career. When he tried to make the football team, Brown. An early victim of Sen. Joseph McCarthy's he was slugged in the face, smashed in the Announcement of Robeson as Ot hello Communist hunting in the early '50s, Robe nose and had his shoulder dislocated. He prompted joy and outrage. A black ili the son's brilliant career was painted over with was 17. role would violate every Shakespearean con the dull brush of political innuendo. He went on to be selected at first-team cept, said some; the most natural thing in But it was a tarnish from which Robeson All-America end for two years-1917 and the world, said others. Stage historians knew was never to recover. His punishment was the 1918. He also was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, an American Negro had played Othello· in lifting of his passport for eight years, can was class valedictorian and debating cham the past-Ira Aldrich, a native of Maryland, celing of numerous concerts, and a cloak of pion. He then entered Columbia University appeared successfully in the role in Europe silence over his brilliant career, which only law school. in the last century. (The theater at Howard began :to be lifted in the 1970s, 10 years after Driven by high aspirations, he assumed University is named in Aldrich's honor.) he had retired because he was too sick to law would help "raise my people, the black The highlight of Robeson's theater career resume his career. people of the world." During his second year, was to come 13 years later when he played Robeson was a man of deep principles who he met and married Eslanda Cardozo Goode, "Othello" on Broadway for 296 consecutive stuck by them even when it became clear a vivacious young women who was the first performances, setting the all-time record for that it would result in professional disaster. black analytical chemist at Columbia Medi any Shakespeare play on Broadway. ' · While contemporary historians and.Robeson cal Center. She died in 1965. From 1927 to 1939, Robeson made England point out he was not a member of the Com He played professional football on week his home base, touring most of Europe and munist Party, he refused to disavow :Q.is ad ends to help pay his way through law school crisscrossing the Atlantic to make films and miration for the Russian people, a stand then and turned to acting for the same reason. perform concerts. criticized· by some blacks as well as many Offered a chance to tour England in "Voodoo," Robeson made his first trip to Russia in whites. in which he had first appeared in an ama 1934, partly to talk about making a film with teur production at the Harlem Y, he ac the great Sergei Eisenstein. Stopping in He stood, too, for liberation of colonized Berlin en route, he was nearly mobbed by Africans, all of which made him, in the eyes cepted. stormtroopers, an event that left him deeply of some, doubly dangerous-a dangerous After graduation he got a job writing briefs shaken. black and a dangerous Red. for a downtown law otnce. He was not ·per-· When he left he told Eisenstein: "I hesi Once, because he had commented that in mltted to appear in court, and when a white tated to come . . ·. I feel like a human being Russia "I felt for the first time like· a full secretary refused to take his dictation, the for the first time since I grew up. Here I am human being-no color prejudice like in Mis frustration and bitterness came crashing not a Negro but a human being ... Here, for · sissippi, no color prejudice like in Washing- down-he walked out. the first time in my life I walk in full human Janua-rrf. 28., 19 76 EXTENSIONS OF_: R111\tAJtK&. 1431
dlgnity. Yo~ ~~nnot imagine what that The State Department took away his pass-- .r:I'HE WOMEN'S MOVEMENT IS STILL means to me as a Negro." port in 1950 on the grounds that his trips MOVING As fascism 1·aged tn Europe, Robeson felt abroad possibly "would not be ln the interest lt his duty to sing, and he sang in Barcelona of the u.S." where be witnessed the ravages of the Span- In the meantime a number of books HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER ish Civil War and in besieged Madrid. dropped references to Robeson. College He returned to America in 1939, the same Football, published in 1940, listed a lO-man OF COLORADO year as the beginning of World War II. He All-America team for 1918, the only 10· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said be felt he was evading his full responsi- man team in All-Amerlca history. Paul Wednesday, January 28, 19'16 bility by llvlng in England. The New Deal Robeson, end, was the missing man. made this country seem a more hopeful place Until the 1970s, most major bookstores Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, the than when he left. One of his first acts was or libraries, .or books on concert singers following article by my distinguished to refuse any engagements where blacks were published after 1949, failed to include him colleague, BELLA Aszua. reappeared In the segregated. In the South, this meant he sang in the index, or mentioned him only ln December 22, 1975, iSsue of the Village only at bl~ck colleges and universities' but . passing, or only once. . , , , I many whites came. . , , . . Most , newsreel and film :fo~tage of tJ:ie Voice. ·am sure it will be .of ·interest to That same year, at the peak of his career, ~aj~r ·movies in which he st,arred. vanished. us all: · · he retired from making films, and denounced When the American: Film Institute wanted THE WoM E~'s MOVEMENT. Is STILL MoVING Hollywood. "I thought I could do something . : to show "The Emperor Jones" in 1978, all (By Bellas. Abzug) for the Negro race ln films-show the truth extstin~ 35. rom. prints and . ne·gat~ve~ ap In h is postmortem. (Vlllage Voice, ·Novein- ' : nbout them and about other p~opl~, too . · ~ • peared ·to. have been destroyed, so tJ;le AFI . ber 17) on the defeat of the Equal Rights The Industry is not prepared·to permi~ me to ·uncovered some 300 bits and . pieces of 16 Amendment in New York State, Pete Hamill portray the life or express the ltving interests. mm. material and painsta.kingly mac:ie up set up his defenses against the expected re hopes and aspirations of the struggltng peo- a complete print of the film for showing at buttals by predicting that some women will ple from whom I come •.. You bet th~y wlll the Kennedy Center. never let me play a part in a film in which a In his major polltical statement, "Here complain that no man should be allowed to Negro is on top." I Stand," published in 1957, Robeson com- write about the Women's Movement. He made the famous recording, "Ballad for mented on the popularly held belief that I agree it would have been better if Pete Amerlcarui,"in 1939, which became a rallying he was politically naive and courted by the had not rushed into print. Not because he t.s cry for Americans to make them proud of Communists so they could gain thl'Ough a man, but because-despite his friendships their heritage. No run-of-the-mill patrlotto him a foothold among American blacks. with me and other feminists-he doesn't song, tt sang of the man-in-the-street In · "It has been alleged that I am part of some know beans about the Women's Movement. terms as starkly truthful as shiningly faith- kind of 'international conspiracy.' I found astonishing his journalistic arro ful, and was subsequently performed around "The truth is I am not and never have been gance in thinking he could reach his verdict prematurely proclaiming the collapse of a the country. involved ln any international conspiracy or "Who are you? any other kind, and do not know anyone who national movement simply on the basis of a "Well, I'm everybody who's nobody. Is ••• touching description of a near-deserted head "I'm the nobody who's everybody. " .•. In 1946. at a legislative hearing in quarters the morning after; quotes from a "I'm just an Irish, Negro, Jewish. Oalifornta, I testified under oath that I was half-dozen women, some anonymous; a smat Italian, French, and English, not a member of the Communist Party. but tering of untrue gossip; and his judgment Spanish, Russian, Chinese, . since that I have refuSed, to giv~ tes~imony that women's issues are of "minor ltnpor Polish, Scotch, Hungarian, or slgn affidavits as to that fact. There Is no tance" to the working class and that the Litvak., Swedish, Finnish, . mystery involved in thls refusal ... I have ERA campaign "divided the Left on grounds . Canadian, Greek and Turk. made it a ina~ter ·of principle . . . (because of sex." And Czech and double-check American · · • that) infringe&. upon . the constitutional There t.s a. great deal of wish~ul thinking, Man in white skin can never be free rights of all Americans . . .''. but very little truth, In the post-election While his black brother is in slavery • • ·,. In 1952, he wa.S awarded ·the Stalin Peace analyses by the Times, Hamill, and assorted He gave concerts from New York to Los Prize. · TV programs which transmogrified one set Angeles, and was also in demand as a speaker. It took eight years, a worldwide campaign back in a long and continuing campaign into He collected an array of awards th.tt ranged and a Supreme Court ruling to have his pass a complete rout of the entire Women's from the Spingarn Medal of the NAACP to rt t d ln 1958 Movement. the coveted Diction Award of the American po res ore · · ·Although the hard analysis of the defeat Academy of Arts and Sciences, which had A "long, standing ovation" in tJ;le wor~ Is stlll being put together by the ERA co of the New York Times greeted Robeson only been given nlne times in the 20 years when he gave his first Carnegie Hall recital alition, a case can be made that It was the lt had existed. in 11 years, on May 9, 1958. very breadth and diversity of the movement In 1941, he Joined in founding the Councn Then he went abroad to fulfill concert, that led to a complacency which in turn led on African Affairs. television and theater engagements ln Eu- to an inadequate campaign. There were, of Robeson•s career began to suffer from poll- rope, New Zealand and Australia. He returnee! course, the problems created by an off-year tical innuendo beginning in 1946. election that brought only a 24 per cent turn In 1947, a congressman asked a star antl- home in 1963,in poor health, and retired. out of voters in New York City and a larger Communist witness how he identified Com- Intimates dispute the rumors that Robe turnout upstate where there were electoral munists. His criteria: applauding at a Robe- son was in his last years a bitter, tragic figure contests. But, also, many feminists I have son concert or owning a Robeson record. who had changed his mind about his con- talked to since the referendum have told me In 1948 Robeson was called before the troversial political stands. "Nothing," said that because of the impressively broad co Senate Judiciary Committee and asked his son, Paul. "could be further from t he alition of groups supporting ERA, including whether or not he was a Communist. He re- truth." both the Democratic and Republican parties, fused to answer because the question was From the statement Robeson issued ln they felt there was no urgency to get deeply · "an invasion of my right to secret ballot." 1964, it appears simply that the times have involved In the campaign. During a 1949 tour at the height of the caught up with his ideas. Much of that broad support turned out · , Cold war he caused an uproar in the United ".'The power of Negro action of which I to be tokenism. It did not produce enough S~tes when he told the World Peace CoJ?.• wrote in my book has changed from an idea money to finance a vigorous campaign, or. gress in Paris, "It is unthinkable that Amer- to. reality .•. The. concept ·.o.f mass mill enoug~ concentration of purpose or troops, to ican Negroes could go to war on behalf of tancy, or mass action, is no longer deemed mount a get-ou~-the-vote operation. The th'ose who' have oppressed them for genera- •too radical' In Negro life.'' · danger is that the longterm significance of tions against the Soviet Union, which in one On his 75th birthday in 1973, a near-capac the defeat will be exaggerated by both friends generation has raised our people to full hu- tty crowd, including a galaxy of stars, tlocked and enemies of the movement and feed what man dignity." to Carnegie Hall for a three-hour celebration, can be a very ugly and emotional aftermath: In 1949, Robeson took part in peaceful and greetings arrived from heads of state an attempt to rescind the legislature's rati protests against the conviction of U .8. Com- around the world. Robeson's jubllant son fication of the federal Equal Rights Amend munlst leaders, and subsequently two of his said the day tore to shreds "the curtain that ment which, although it would not stand up concerts were thrown into an uproar when in the courts, would have to be fought. Also they were invaded by anti-Communist ele- has sun·ounded my father." likely is a renewed and more highly orga ments. It was called a cultural celebration, and nized attack on abortion rights. The 1950 Peekskill riots culminated anti- the program carried a statement Robeson Most of the postreferendum discussion re ;Robeson sentiment. They occmTed when made in 1937, but which seemed prophet· veals a total ignorance of past women's the American Legion in that upstate New ically to foresee the consequences of his struggles, including the century-long battle York town led a demonstration in an effort . passion: for women's suffrage, which encountered on to prevent one of his concerts and violence "The artist must elect to fight for freedom the way· to 1inal victory many defeats far ensued. After that, he found closed concert or for slavery. I have made my choice. ·I ·had worse .thap. . what .·happened ill New York a halls and groups afraid to sponsor him. no alternative.N . few weeks ago. 1438 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Janua,ry 28, ~976
Then, as now, women suffragists ~iscover social, political, and educational discrimina per cen:t of women favoring it, compared ed that the referenda route iu the states tion. With a 68 per cent majority of men. Simi could be extremely rocky and nonproductive. It is understandable that Schlafly and larly, a Gallup Poll in September repo1·~ed For years, the suffragists, having met with other anti-ERA propagandists perpetuate that 71 per cent of Americans feel the coun little success in getting Congress to pass a myths about. the real status of women in try would be governed as well or better witb, suffrage amendment to the U.S. Constitu America. It is also understandable why many more women in public office, and 73 per cent tion, tried a state-by-state approach, seeking women and men, in the absence of an effec said they would vote for a qualified woman to win some form of suffrage in the individ tive statewide campaign by pro-ERA forces, for president. New York voters, while defeat ual states. should have fallen for their arguments, espe ing ERA, elected 60 per cent of the women The biggest defeat was in New York, where cially in the present negative political cli who ran for various offices around the state, the referendum lost by a margin of 194,984 mate when fear and economic insecurity are continuing a national trend that has seen votes. But two years later, a. state referendum dominant. the election of thousands of women to local ·won· handily, and two years after that, the But it is less understandable why alleged and state office in the past few years. The New York legislature almost routinely rati friends of women's rights seize on the false trend didn't just happen. It was in response fied the federal amendment, which had fi arguments of ERA opponents to seek to prove, to the "Win With Women" campaign de nally won Senate approval in June 1919. as Hamill does, that ERA is "something out veloped by the multipartLsan National Wom Then, as now, the press eagerly reported of time a leftover," and that "maybe the en's Political Caucus, which has been on the that many women were opposed to having movement of the Women's Movement is scene, only since 1971. rights extended to them. Men were always over." . The slogan developed by Karen DeCrow able to find some women to speak and dem To put ERA in perspective, the federal S\lpporters in NOW-"Out of the mainstream onstrate against suffrage, to accept nominal amendment has been ratified by 34 states into the revolution"-is an acknowledge leadership of the opposition organizations, and has until 1979 to get the necessary ratifi ment that many of the movement's basic and to declare that they would never, never cation by four other states. Fifteen states goals have been accepted as the goals of a think of voting. have enacted state equal rights provisions majority of American women, and that van.. The arguments were familiar. Votes for or amendments to their own constitutions. guard groups feel a need to press on toward women would destroy the family, make hus In none of these states have any of the hor larger goals. How many women I've met who bands and wives unhappy, leave children un· rors conjured up by the anti~ERA forces ma ritualistically say, "'I'n1 not for women's lib," protected, threaten the economy, undermine terialized. and then add, "of course, I'm for equal pay religion, and burden women with responsi Instead, the amendment is providing the and job opportunities and things like that." bilities they neither needed nor wanted. An· framework and impetus for review and re They have not yet made the connection tisuffrage propaganda centered on the myth form of hundreds of existing laws to elimi that even though we have equal pay laws, of the happy, priVileged homemaker who nate unequal treatment that primarily victi we need a movement to get the laws en didn't want to change a thing. mizes women but also in some instances forced. Mol'e and more women are making Similar 19th-century "happy homemak victimizes men. ERA also stands as a barrier the connection. ers" doctrine has been assiduously pushed against enactment of discriminatory legisla The Women's Movement wears many dif over TV and l'adio by Phyllis Schlafiy, chief tion. ferent faces, speaks with many different spokeswoman for the right-wing-based cam Under the attorney general opinions inter voices, ranging from Betty Ford in the White paign to stop ERA, who tells us: "American preting state ERAs, most states have been House to the most avant-garde groups that women are a privileged group..•. benefiCi extending benefits to the excluded group see undifferentiated man as the enemy. A aries of a tradition of respect for women 1·a.ther than doing away with the benefits. magazine like McCall's, still mostly recipes, which dates from the Christian age of chiv• These include such benefits as the right to fiction, fashions, and titillating gossip about airy [and] the honor and respect paid to support or alimony, the right to receive pen Kennedys and Rockefellers, runs as its lead Mary, the mother of Christ." sion benefits based on tne employment record article, "Just a Housewife," a serious and No doubt many women are contented and or occupation of one's spouse, the right to lengthy report on a weekend conference and creative and fulfilled in their roles as wives use the surname of one's choice regardless of workshops sponsored by the Wisconsin Gov and mothers, especially those lucky enough marriage, and the right to be protected from ernor's Commission on the Status of Women, to have high family incomes. I have never forcible sexual assault. at which housewives worried about their .criticized women who choose to stay at home In Washington state, reform of divorce legal rights and economic problems. In Oak to raise families or to engage in nonpaying laws by eliminating fault grounds was co land, Tish Sommers organizes the Association occupations, because freedom of choice is ordinated with efforts to provide non-sex for Displaced Homemakers, in recognition of the heart of the women's liberation creed. based economic protection for the home the rising number of women who fiiid them . In the 1·ecent New York campaign, the big m~king spouse. In Arizona this was achieved selves deserted or divorced in middle age. In gest wort·y of the presumably happy anti .by ERA-based legislation giving spouses equal tne House of Representatives, most of the 19 ERA house wives was that they might lose powers of management and control over com women members now meet regularly in an alimony rights, which raised doubts about munity property, which in practice strength informal caucus. We have introduced pio just how happy some of them are. One of the ens the protection of most women. neering legislation to provide Social Security illuminating facts that never got across in ~ar from being a "leftover," ERA is needed benefits to homemakers in their own right. the welter of lies and distortions peddled by on the federal level for the establishment of When Fede1·a1 Reserve Chairman Arthur uniform nationwide standards of sexual Burns tried to issue regulations scuttling the Schlafiy, Annette Stern, and others is that equality. It would provide a firm constitu under current divorce laws alimony is grant recently won Equal Credit Opportunity Act, tional commitment to equal rights, free from forbidding discrimination against women in ed in only about 2 percent of permanent di the present vagaries of subjective court in vorce settlements, and according to a study credit cards, mortgages, and loans, 14 ~f my done by the Citizens' Advisory Council on terpretations. women colleagues went with me to confront But what about the Women's Movement him, and we forced him to back down. On the Status of Women, child support pay itself? Has it passed its prime, lost its mo ments "generally are less than enough to December 10, the House. overwhelmingly mentum, and been diverted into irrelevancies passed an Abzug-Mink bill authorizing $5 furnish half of the support of the children" and elitism, a.s Hamlll claims? Page one and "even these small payments are fre million for conferences in all the staten to stories in the Times about rifts in NOW ac discuss women's issues, culminating in a quently not adhered to." centuate the impression that the Women's Schlafly's privileged woman concept also Movement is in trouble. In my view, all it Bicentennial national women's conference. ignores the real problems faced by working shows is that NOW, whose membership has Within the last two years, feminist or , women whose low seniority status makes tripled in the past few years, is in the great ganiJ?;ations of black, Puerto Rican, and other them vulnerable in the current recession; American political tradition. I have never Spanish-speaking women have formed. The minority women. who get the lowest-paying, heard of any movement {except maybe Je Coalition of Labor Union Women, launched dirtiest jobs; working mothers who need and hova's Witnesses?) that did not along the at a huge conference in Chicago two years usually don't have access to low-cost or free way develop conflicts, ideologic rifts, factions, ago, works on programs for the 27 per cent nurseries for their six million pre-school-age unity moves, spinoffs, et cetera. It would be of AF'L-CIO members who are women. In youngsters; homemakers unfortunate enough naive to expect unanimity and uniformity New York, Margie Albert, a CLUW founder, to be divorced by their husbands before 20 from the great, diverse, free-wheeling, ex is busy organizing for District 65 women who years of marriage (thus losing out on Social plorative surge of personal, social, political, wprk, underpaid and underpromoted, in the Security benefits); thousands of women who economic, cultural, and educational activity big publishing firms. A campaign is also get l'aped (more women than ever before by millions of American women of all classes under way to unionize the multitudes of had that "prtvllege~ · last year, according to that is loosely described as "the movement." women office workers in our city. J;JaltiJ?lOl~e . the Justice Department's latest crime data); Its achievements are indisputable, its influ City Councilwoman Barbara Mikul$1.• fem gay women, who have problems in employ ence worldwide, and its momentum is now inist Jan Peterson, Itallan-Amerlcari ·teader ment, housing, and other facets of daily life; pushing it into more directions than casual 1\IIary Sansone get together to organize ethnic and the multitudes o1 other women who have observers could fathom. woinen, and Peterson finds it easier to· com encounte1·ed a variety of dtscrim.inatroy prac Even after the New York defeat, a national nmnicate with Polish-American women be tices ra1;1g,ing from the plca.YUJle .(n9 .drink Harris Poll showed a 70 to 15 per cent major cause, as a community poverty workel', she ing at the Plaza men's par) to nl.aS!Sive.l~gal, .1ty ot. Americans. il). favor of. ERA, .. with 73 helped lead the Northside fight to save their January 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · 1439 homes in Brooklyn's Greenpoint. To say the vanced by the Ford administration. The society who are ·most vulnerable. Aged momentum has gone out of the Women's scheme was discredited when Mr. Nixon and disabled Americans are simply not Movement is like remarking on how calm the proposed it and it should be rejected now. in a position to assume greater responsi ocean is. Indeed, Mr. Speaker, the most reliable I agree with Hamill that the economic bUlty for sph'aling health. care costs. crisis probably had an adverse effect on the estimates we have project that 5.9 mil These Americans require more compre ERA yote. Men and nonworking women too lion medicare beneficiaries will be hos hensive coverage, not larger medical bills. often see working women as expendable pitalized during the coming fiscal year. Indeed, Mr. Speaker, it is not gener rather than as individuals who need jobs to The part B supplementary medical in ally known that medicare, however sound survive. Responding to the recession, laid surance program, which covers doctor's in principle, currently shelters the elder off women workers are beginning to grapple fees, home visits and other out-patient ly from only 38 percent of their health with seniority problems and share-the-work services, is expected to provide reim care costs. For example, out-of-hospital plans. Although these women would un doubtedly be happy to join with men in a bursable services for 14.2 million medi prescription drugs, eyeglasses, hearing militant campaign for full employment and care beneficiaries during fiscal year 1977. aids, dentures, and physical checkups, to save New York, few would share Ham1ll's If the Ford-Nixon catastrophic health are not included. optimism that now is the time for women insurance package is accepted, most of In fiscal year 1974, per capita health to disband their organizations and put their these recipients would be paying a sub care costs of persons 65 or older was faith in a textbook class struggle in which stantially higher percentage of their $1,218, almost three times as great as suddenly men and women wlll be comrades medical costs. The Ford plan would cost the per capita cost for Americans aged together, sexism gone and forgotten. aged and disabled medicare beneficiaries 19 to 64 and nearly seven times the level Let him tell that to the Oommittee of Fe male Police Officers, representing the 400 an additional $1.3 billion for medical for those under 19. In fiscal year 1966, women who were laid off by the New York services. Only a relatively small percent out-of-pocket, per capita direct pay City Department along with 3600 men as a age of these individuals would be re ments by persons 65 years or older for rssult of the fiscal crisis. The 400 were two imbursed by their private insurance medical treatment amounted to $237. By thirds of all the women in the police force. plans. :fiscal year 1974, this out-of-pocket bur When 2000 officers were called back, only 20 NEW BURDEN FOR THE ELDERLY den had h1creased to $415, nearly 80 per to 30 women were returned to work. The Mr. Speaker, at the present time a cent higher than the fiscal year before women, who have filed discrimination com medicare became effective. plaints against the department, know real medicare beneficiary admitted to a hos istically that their male colleagues are not pital is responsible for the first $104 of CONCLUSION going to fight to restore the women's jobs, al the bill; nothing further is charged until Mr. Speaker, if the Ford proposal is though 42 per cent of the laid-off women the 61st day of hospitalization. accepted, the vast majority of our medi have to support themselves, 87 per cent con The administration 1s advocating a care beneficiaries would be forced to tribute at least half the family income, and significant alteration in this fee mech commit a larger share of their very 22 per cent are heads of households and have anism by: limited resources to health care. It is children to support. The policewomen know First, requiring the payment of a co that merging their struggle with the male true that those confronted with cata police officers will, in effect, mean submerging insurance fee equal to 10 percent of all strophic illness would be assisted-but their own needs. hospital costs above the $104 inpatient why must this humane step be taken at Women and men should not have to com.. deductible charge. This means that an the expense of all beneficiaries? pete With each other for jobs. They should older American hospitalized for 35 days We know what will happen if medical be working together for a. new kind o:r at $100 per day would be responsible for costs for the elderly and disabled rise. society that is organized to take care of the $350 of the bill, plus the $104 deductible. These Americans will almost surely delay basic needs of all people, to provide jobs for Such a fee structure would impose an or curtail treatment that is necessary all who can work, to offer everyone an op appalling hardship on many who are portunity for a. decent life. Our chances of but which they cannot afford. We cannot getting that kind of society are better With least able to assume such financial re allow those most vulnerable to suffer so a. strong Women's Movement than Without sponsibtlities; cruelly because we are unwilling to accept one, a. Women's Movement that even in its Second, requiring that the part B sup our clear responsibility. more establishment forms is dominated by plementary medical insurance annual Mr. Speaker, I urge early approval of humanistic values and in its more radical deduction be increased from $60 to $77 this resolution. In addition, I include forms seeks to move women into active lead.. in calendar year 1977, thereafter to in the text of the resolution at this point in ership of the forces seeking real change. crease in proportion to the percentage the RECORD. increase in social security cash benefits. H. CON. RES. 534 The administration is, therefore, propos Whereas, per capita health care costs of FORD'S CATASTROPmC HEALTH Ing a poorly concealed reduction in post- persons aged 65 or older amounted to $1,218 INSURANCE PACKAGE AN IN 1977 social security cost-of-living in 1n fiscal year 1974, almost seven times the CREASED BURDEN FOR THE creases. In other words, with the right level for individuals under 19 and nearly ELDERLY hand, it giveth and with the left it taketh three times as great as for Americans aged 19 away; and to 64; Third, requiring the payment of a new Whereas, out-of-pocket, per capita. direct HON. JOHN BRADEMAS 10 percent coinsurance charge on hos payments for medical treatment for persons aged 65 or older amounted to $237 in fiscal OF INDIANA pital-based physician and home care year 1966; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES services. Whereas, such out-of-pocket payments for Wednesday, January 28, 1976 Mr. Speaker, I am not opposed to an medical treatment increased to $415 by fiscal aspects of the President's recommenda year 1974, nearly $178 more than for the Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I have tion. In advocating a $500 limit to a pa fiscal year before medicare became effective. introduced today a resolution which tient's ltability per benefit period for · Whereas, medicare covered only 38 per would express the strong opposition of qualifying hospital services and $250 cent of the health care expenditures for older Congress to President Ford's plan to in limit per calendar year for part B covered Americans in fiscal year 1974: crease medical costs for the elderly; This Whereas, the President has proposed to in services, the administration is acknowl crease the out-of-pocket payments for the plan has come to us under the guise of edging that some ceiling on the medicare aged and disabled by requiring medicare pa a catastrophic health insurance package beneficiary's responsibility must be im tients is to pay a coinsurance charge equal to for medicare beneficiaries. posed. However, even with this reform 10 percent of all hospital charges above the The President's proposal, which was the Ford administration could not resist inp·a.tient deductible payment of $104; included in his January 19 state of the linking the ceiling to the level of social Wherea.s, the· President ha.S proposed to Union message, does not constitute a re security benefits. Hence, Mr. Ford is pro raise the part B supplementary medical in sponsible approach to health care deliv posing that llabntty limits rise propor surance annual deductible amount from $60 ery for older persons. tionately with increases in social security to $77 for calendar year 1977, increasing The plan advocated by the President benefits. thereafter in proportion to percentage in 1s substantially the same as that put creases in monthly social security cash bene LARGER BILLS FOR THE VULNERABLE fits; forth earner by the administration of Mr. Speaker. the administration· is at Richard Nixon and only recently ad- Whereas, the President has proposed to tempting further to burden those in our Impose a new 10-percent coinsurance charge 1440 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS Janua1·y 28, 19/h' on hospital-based physician and home health established a joint congressional committee (A) OPERATION AND EFFECTS OF LAW.- To se1·v1ces; known as the Joint Committee on Welfare investigate the operation and eft'ects of the Whereas, the Pl•esident has proposed to Reform (hereinafter referred to as the "Joint federal programs of welfare, including but not limit a patient's l1ab111ty to $600 per benefit Committee"). limited to, the programs of Aid to Families pe1·iod for qualifying hospital se1-v1ces and SEc. 102. MEMBERSHIP.-(a) Number and with Dependent Children. Supplemental Se to $260 per calendar year for part B covered selection-The Joint Committee shall be curity Income for the aged, bl1nd, and dis services-both limitations to be increased composed of ten members, five of which shall abled, Medicaid, Social Services (under Public thereaftel' in proportion to increases in so be appointed by the President of the Senate, Assistance Titles of the Social Security Act), cial security cash benefits; and and five appointed by the Speaker of the Food Stamps, Emergency Assistance to needy Whereas. the President's proposed cata House of Repreeentatives. In ee.ch instance fam111es, and Veterans Pensions and any and strophic health insurance protection tor med not more than three Members shall be mem· all other federal programs providing public icare beneficiaries would increase the out-of bers of the same political party. assistance and economic security for work pocket payments for the overwhelming pro (b) VACANcms.-Vacancies in the member ers and dependents whose income could be portion of aged and disabled persons qualify ship of the Joint Committee shall not affect reduced by unemployment, old age, sickness, ing for hospital and medical services under the power of the remaining members to exe or death or which provide cash or in-kind Medicare: Now, therefore, be it. cute the functions of the Joint Committee, payments for persons with low incomes. Resolved, by the House of Representatives and shall be filled in the same manner as in (B) ADMINISTRATION.-TO investigate t he (the Senate concurring). That it is the sense the case of the original selection. The Joint administration of such programs by any of the Congress that proposals to increase Committee shall select a Chairman and a executive department, establishment, or out-of-pocket payments for Medicare bene· Vice Chairman from among its members at agency charged with their administration, flciaries should not be enacted. the beginning of each Congress. The Vice and the respective state agencies charged Chairman shall act in the place and stead of with the administrative responsibilities of the Chairman 1D the absence of the Chair· programs that are funded either in wh-ole or man. The Chairmanship shall alternate be· in part by the federal government. tween the Senate and the House of Repl·e (C) OTHER INVESTIGATIONS.-To make SUCh JOINT COMMITTEE ON WELFARE sentatives with each Congress, and the Chair other investigations in respect of such wel REFORM man shall be selected by the Members from fare programs as the Joint Committee may that House entitled to the Chairmanship. deem necessary. The Vice Chairman shall be chosen from tr. ~ (2) Reform of the System.- House other than that of the Chairman by (A) INVESTIGATION OF METHODS.- TO in HON. PETER A. PEYSER the Members from that House. vestigate measures and methods for reform OF NEW YORK (c) ALLOWANCEs.-The members shall serve of the welfare system designed to eliminate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES without compensation 1D addition to that re fraud and waste and improve the delivery of ceived for their services as members of Con services to eligible recipients, and Wednesday, January 28, 1976 gress; but they shall be reimbursed for travel, (B) PUBLICATION OF PROPOSALS.- TO pub subsistence. and other necessary expenses in lish from time to time, for public examina Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, in recent curred by them in the performance of the tion and analysis, proposed measures and years we have witnessed the migt-ation duties vested in the Joint Committee, other methods for reform of the welfare system, of the poor from States with low welfare than expenses in connection with meetings and payments to States which, because of of the Joint Committee held in the District (C) REPORTS.-To report, from time to higher costs of living, have higher wel of Columbia during such times as the Con time, to the Committee on Finance and the fare benefits. This adds an immeasurable gress is in session. Committee on Ways and Means. and in its burden to the latter States such as New SEC. 103. ELECTION OF CHAIRl\IIAN AND VICE discretion, to the Senate or the House of York State, which pays 50 percent of its CHAmMAN.-The Joint Committee shall elect Rep1•esentatives or both, the results of its a cbail'man and vice chairman from among investigations, together with such recom welfare costs. Other States pay as little its members. mendations as it may deem advisable. as 25 percent with the Federal Govern SEC. 104. APPOINTMENT AND COMPENSATION (D) LEGISLATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS.-The. ment picking up the additional 75 per oF STAFF.-Except as otherwise provided by Joint Committee shall, not later than six cent. law, the Joint Committee shall have power months after enactment of this resolution, The draining effect of this inequity to appoint and fix the compensation of a make specific legislative recommendations to· upon our larger cities and States has be clerk and sucll experts and clerical, steno both the Senate and the House of Repre come apparent ove1· the past year. This is gmphic, and othe1· assiStants a.s it deems sentatives. for the refor.m of the welfare sys not to say that welfare is, in itself, an evil advisable. tem and shall make such interim recommen SEC. 105. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES.-The ex dations to either or both Houses from th 11 to be blotted out. What is needed, of penses of the Joint Committee shall be paid on as the committee deems necessary and course. is the necessary reform to insure one-half from the contingent fund of the approp1·Iate. that those in need-dependent children, Senate and one-half from the contingent SEc. 107. ADDITIONAL PowERs To OBTAIN the crippled a.nd aged, those who are un fund of the House of Rep1·esentatives, upon DATA.-(a) Securing of Data.-The Joint able to :find gainful employment-receive vouchers signed by the chairman or the vice Committee or the Chief of Staft' of the Joint ample assistance while eliminating those chairman. Committee, upon approval of the Chairman SEC. 105. POWERS.-(a) Relating to Hear or Vice Chairman, is authorized to secm·e di who are cheating. ings and Sessions-The Joint Committee or rectly from any executive department, board, Accordingly, I have introduced legis any subcommittee thereof Is authorized- bureau, agency, independent establishment, lation to create a Joint Committee on ( 1) To HOLn.-To hold hearings and to sit or instrumentality of the Government, infor Welfare Refonn, House Joint Resolu and act at such places and times; mation, suggestions, rulings, data, estimates tion 786. The committee will consist of ( 2) TO REQUIRE ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES and statistics for the purpose of making in :five Senators chosen by the President of AND PRODUCTION OF BOOKS.-To require by vestigations, reports and studies relating to the Senate, and :five Representatives subpoena (to be issueq under the signature welfare 1·eform. chosen by the Speaker of the House. No of the chairman or vice chairman) or other (b) Executive depart ments, boards, bu more than three Members from either wise the attendance of such witnesses and reaus, agencies, independent establishments, House will come from the same political the production of such books, papers, and and instrumentalities are authol'ized and documents; directed to furnish such information, sug party. gestions, rulings, data, estimates and s ta. ti~S The committee will have 6 months to (3) To ADMINISTER OATHS.- TO administer tics directly to the Joint Committee or to make its initial investigation and report such oaths; and the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee, to the Congress on the effects and ad (4). To TAKE TESTIMONY.- To take SUCh upon request made pursuant to this section. ministration of the welfare system, and testimony; as it deems advisable. Soo. 108. EL'U'mATION oF THE JoiNT CoMMIT• to suggest l'eforms that are so obviously (C) To PROCURE PRINTING AND BINDING. TEE.-The Joint Committee shall make a The .loint Committee, or any subcommittee final report of the l'esults of the investiga necessary. The full investigation will last thereof, is authorized to have such printing tion and study conducted by it pursuant to 2 years and, hopefully, will come up with and binding done a.s it deems advisable. this resolution, together with its :findings answers ·regarding fairness to the tax (d) To MAKE ExPENDITUREs.- and recommendations as to new cong1'es payer as well as fairness to the needy (!) GENERAL AUTHORrrY.-The Joint COlU· sional legislation it deems uecessary or de that have faced us in recent years. sirable, not later than twenty-four mont hs Ulittee, or any subcommittee thereof, is au after enactment of this resolution. After sub A copy of the resolution follows: thorized to make such expenditl.ll'es a.s it n11ssion of its :final report, the Joint Com H.J. REs. 786 deems advisable. mitt~e shall have three calendal' months to Resolved, by the Senate and House oj Rep SEC. 106. DUTIES.-It shall be the duty of close its afiai1~s. and on the el!:piration of resentatives of the U1&ited States of America the Joint Committee- such three calendar mout hs shall cease to. , ~n Congress assembled, That there Ls herebJ ( 1) Investigation.- exist. January 28, 1976 EXTE1.TSIONS ,OF REMARKS 1441 · ROY WILKINS The collapse of Reconstruction brought on a tion of many peoples from all corners of l'ei.gn. of terror that was to last well into the the globe, who have come together here first quarter of the 20th century. Terror and the depressed economy of the South brought to become one people and one Nation. HON. DON EDWARDS blacks to the Northern cities in one of the America"s greatness is best exemplified OF CALIFORNIA largest migrations this country has known. by the willingness of people to help one another, and Carmine Ungaro has been JN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ux·banism has brought new problems and new demands, and new forms of inequality one of those dedicated helpers of his fel Wednesday, January 28, 1976 to be combatted. low human beings. Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. The NAACP has spent the last two-thirds Mr. Speaker, no words of mine can ex of a century helping shape the present that press the feelings of Carmine Ungaro's Speaker, the editorial in last Sunday's the Negro experiences. It is reasonable to ex \VashingtOn Post sums up better than I pect that it will have an important influence friends and neighbors better than the could the history made by the NAACP on where the black community seeks to go tributes which were paid to him at the under the sage and courageous leader from here and how it chooses to get there. testimonial dinner in Dearborn. The fel ship of its retiring executive secretary, Naturally, there are other groups whose in low members of the Italian-American Roy Wilkins. The contributions made by fluence will be felt. The National U1·ban Fraternal Club had this to say about the Roy Wilkins over a 45-year period to the League is as old as the NAACP and exercises man who has led their organization for its influence in important but different ways. nearly a score of years: NAACP as an organization, and more The National Urban Coalition, a. much newer broadly to our American way of life, will organization, has demonstrated 1·emarkable CARMINE UNGARO-DYNAMIC AND DEDICATED be an awesome standard by which any leadership on the cutting edge of today's· LEADER successors in the civil rights movement urban problems. The Congressional Black The officers and membership of the Italian must be measured. Caucus grows in potential influence as its American Fraternal Club and the many Nevertheless, Roy Wilkins' retirement ranks grow and as its members gain more friends you have in the entire community, raises questions and considerations we and more power in Congress. All those or honor you today following the many years ganizations will be important elements in a of devoted service and leadership to those must face in asking ourselves "Where do firmament in which the NAACP once oper of us who came to the new world in search we go from here? What new ground must ated almost alone. for a better life. be broken to fullfil! our commitment to Each of those groups will have its say You were always ready and willing to help ward equal rights, anc what ground must about the direction of the black community those who could not help themselves, and be replowed." As our society becomes in the years ahead. Complex issues regard your accomplishments are living proof of more complex and more diverse, the chal ing school desegregation, welfare reform, U.S. your dedication. lenges become more immense. relations with Africa and a score of others We honor along with you, your wife Mary, will face the NAACP and the other equal who proudly stands by you in support of As we face a complicated and an un rights groups. When Mr. Wilkins joined the your activities, and your children Richard certain future, it is a comfort to look movement, the NAACP was ln a position to and Arthur and their families who have back and· see how far Roy Wilkins has set directions almost by itself. Today and in learned to share you with your many friends. helped to bring us and how gTeat our the years ahead, its biggest challenge might Carmine, you are a giant in our com debt to him is. well be that of harmonizing many different munity, and we are most happy to honor you voices and approaches to the problems that and share in this happy occasion. The editorial follows: You may have ·decided not to seek reelec RoY WILKINS: A DAY'S WORK DONE face black America. That far more sophisti cated world would tax the talents even of a tion to the office that you proudly held for When Roy Wilkins began working for the Roy Wilkins, which is why the search for his so many years, but we will always continue NAACP 45 years ago, the United States was successor is so important- and also why it to seek your guidance and wise Judgment a different country. Lynch law ruled much of promises to be so difficult. so that we can car.ry on the good work and the South and some of the border states. Jim the commitment we jointly made-to make Crow ruled in public accommodations, movie our community a better place to live not theaters, restaurants and hotels. Segrega only for the Italians but for the people of tion, operating under the tortured fiction of all nations that have come together in this "separate but equal," was the rule in public CARMINE UNGARO: SALUTE, PROS great melting pot better known as America. education by sanction of the Supreme Court. PERITA E LUNGA VITA Carmine, we are proud of your achieve Mr. Wilkins, now 75, has announced that he ments and contributions and join in wishing will retire at the end of this year, having you a long prosperous and healthy ret!re seen Jim Crow die, the doctrine of "separate ment-"SaZute, pmsperita e lunga vita." but equal" overturned and thousands of HON. JAMES G. O'HARA blacks elected to office-some of them OF MICHIGAN In addition to this warm-hearted trib sheriffs-all over the South. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ute from the officers and membe1·s of the To say that Roy Wilkins had a role in all Italian-American Fraternal Club, Mr. of those changes is an understatement. His Wednesday, January 28, 1976 Speaker, there was a senate concurrent contribution to his people and his country Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, just a few resolution, introduced in the State senate is beyond calculation. Under his steadfast days ago it was my privilege and pleas by Senator Patrick McCollough and co and keenly perceptive leadership-he has sponsored in the house by Representative been the NAACP executive secretary since Ul·e to join a host of his friends and ad 1955-the association has grown in branches, mirers in a testimonial dinner honoring Lucille McCollough, which was adopted members and influence. This is a better coun Carmine Ungaro, who for the past 19 by both houses of the Legislature of the try for having had a strong NAACP to carry years has served as president of the Ital State of Michigan, in tribute to Carn1ine the fight to the courts, the legislatures and ian-American Fraternal Club of Dear Ungaro. Here is the text of that resolu city hall for equal justice under law for aU born, Mich. tion: Americans. I was delighted, Mr. Speaker, to be Whereas, It is an honor to extend the high · Because he combines such special qualities able to take part in this tribute, along est praise and tribute to MJ.·. Carmine s. of leadership and grace, Mr. Wilkins 1s not with my dear friend and colleague, the Ungaro upon his retirement after serving going to be easy to replace. The NAACP's nineteen consecutive terms as President of board of directors has begun its search, but Honorable JoHN D. DINGELL, who so ably the Italian American Fraternal Club of Dear several members have conceded that the task represents Dearborn and the rest of the born, Michigan; and seems enormous at the moment. Whatever 16th Congressional District of Michigan Whereas, Born in Sanpo Stefano Provencia qualities of Mr. Wilkins make that search here in the House of Representatives. DiCarenza, Italy, Mr. Ungaro earned a doc difficult, the problem is compounded by the Mr. Ungaro, who recently retired as torate degree in Journalism from the Univer character of the times. president of the Italian-American Fra sity of Terroni Taranto, Italy. He was awarded 'rhe next director of the NAACP will prob ternal Club, a.nd who is now its presi a certificate in Journalism as an Honorary ably take the association from the bicenten dent-emeritus, has provided dynamic Cavalier in the Order of the Spirits of Italy nial year to within hailing distance of the in February, 1947; and 21st century. And so the search committee and dedicated leadership, working not Whereas, Ml'. Ungaro has worked on vari is charged with selecting someone who 1s only on behalf of his countrymen from ous American metropolitan newspapers, and, prepared to deal with the question of what his native Italy but working, as well, on as an excellent and resourceful speaker, he race relations should be in a world rapidly behalf of all of his countrymen of this, has debated frequently on radio. Additional (lpproaching the year 2000. his adopted land. ly, he has served on numerous campaigns to Black America began this century as a Carmine Ungaro typifies all that is benefit Boys• Town of Italy; and mo:-;tly rural, Southern-based community. right and good about America-a Na- Whereas, During his many illustrious years CXXII--92- Part 2 ,1442 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 28, 1976 as President ·of the Italian American Fl·ater people have made Inter-Faith the area's No .. "We still. need drivers for medical trans- nai Club, Mr. Ungaro has dedicated hlmselt" 1 private community help organization. . portatlon, but we are paying olir drivers. It completely to the principles of that out This week Mrs. Navis, IFTF executive di is a hard Job to get vol\,mteers to do. standing a~d benevolent society of Italian rector, was named by the Independent News "All the hired people except about four of brotherhood. His sound judgment, wisdom papers as Littleton's "Woman of the Quarter us are from low income families. We have and fervent compassion have made him not Century," honoring her postive influence on many minority workers, and that's great. only admired and respected, but cheris~ed the people of the Greater Littleton area. There's a warm, caring, family relationship by his Italian-American brothers and, in "I was a volunteer with Tri-County Health here, and it is one big reason for the success deed, all who know him; and Dept. in 1966 when local ministers suggested of the center." Whereas, After merging with other Italian the need for a program to help poverty Although the organization now has a clubs, the Italian American Fraternal Club stricken people here," she said. "I certainly formal structure, a large and active board of was established in 1948 as a nonpolitical or didn't know what Inter-Faith would become. directors, and a paid staff, Mrs. Navis re ganization designed to prompte and partici I'm glad I didn't know, because it would mains the key figure-not only an inspiring pate in civic and community affairs affecting have been too overwhelming. And I'm glad figurehead who personally struggles through people of Italian origin. The club is restricted my family didn't know! I could not have the annual fund-raising 25-mile walk, but to male members of good character, and lt done this without them." a working executive. offers them sick and death benetfis. Under FAMILY STILL INVOLVED "If we ever turn into a bureaucracy, it the leadership of Mr. Ungaro, the club has will be over my dead body," she said. "One made continuous and lasting contributions Since the first days of folding and SOl'ting of our big strengths is that we don't have t;o the Dearborn area; now, therefore, be it clothes in the family garage at 380 W. Caley any strings; we aren't a government agency. Resolved by the Senate (the House of dr., the Navis family has been nearly as in We can break rules, and we do it all the Representatives concurring), That the high volved as Maida in the work of Inter-Faith. time, depending on the circumstances and est accolade of praise and tribute be accorded Warren Navis, in sales with Dixon Paper the need. There's no one to say, 'You can't , Mr. CarmineS. Ungaro upon his retirement CO., started by helping his wife deliver cloth do that.'" after serving nineteen consecutive terms as ing orders at night. Although most clothing Mrs. Navis has won enough recognition to President of the Italian American Fraternal and food orders are now picked up at the last a lifetime. She was the Independent's Club of Dearborn, Michigan; and be it fur Inter-Faith community center, 3370 S. Irving Public Servant of the Year in 1967. La Ser ther st., Navis is still personally involved. toma International recognized her as woman Resolved, That copies of this tribute be "You can't run an organization like this of the year. Pat Nixon visited Inter-Fa'tth transmitted to Mr. Ungaro, with our sincerest on an 8 to 4:30 schedule," Mrs. Navis said. while she was the nation's First Lady. best wishes and appreciation, to his family, "The day after Christmas, we were watch So it would be easy for Mrs. Navis to sit and the Italian American Fraternal Club, in ing the football game when King Soopers back, go on doing what she has been doing, testimony to the high esteem held for him called to tell us we could have nine racks of and relax knowing she has earned the love by the Michigan Legislature. fresh bread. So Warren left tl1e television of her community. But she bubbles with and helped me haul bread." hopes and plans for new projects. To these glowing tributes, :Mr. Chair The Navises, who will celebrate their 3oth man, I can add nothing, except to echo wedding anniversary Aprilll, have two m8,r HELP FOR PARAPLEGICS the wish for Carmine Ungaro expressed ried daughters, both of whom grew up work Mrs. Navis has never succeeded in keeping ing as Inter-Faith volunteers. a cool, professional distance between herself by the officers and members of the or Penny, married to Jeffrey Schwarz, grad and Inter-Faith "customers." She gets per ganization he served so well: Salute, uated from Arizona State University in June sonally involved. That's what led to her in prosperita e lunga vita:• and is a social worlrer at Arizona state mental terest in young people paralyzed by acci hospital-the only staffer in the closed teen dents. age ward without a master's degree. Inter-Faith has helped provide autos and Peggy married Jake Gielinski and lives in other equipment for young paraplegics to GOOD SAMARITAN MRS. MAIDA Littleton; they have a year-old daughter, make them more self-sufficient. Each one NAVIS OF LITTLETON, COLO. Jaclne. "I wanted to be a. grandmother before becomes a. personal crusade for Mrs. Navis. I was 48, and I made it by two months." Mrs. "I was down at Atlantis House last week," Navis laughed. Peggy stm works in Inter she sighed. "There are 15 paraplegics there, HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG Faith's programs for young mothers and working together to build their own lives and senior citizens. to become self-sufficient. They need so much OF COLORADO help. I'd love to talte that in hand. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NO BUREAUCRACY "An unused motel would be ideal. There, Wednesday, January 28. 1976 From its small beginnings, Inter-Faith the kids could have their own apartments, Task Force has grown into a massive col but there would he common facilities too. Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, amid lection of programs including preschools, They're too often put in nursing homes, and the controversy over funding the Na adopt-a-grandparent, and sewing classes for they don't belong there. They like pizza and tion's welfare programs, I think we too young mothers, among other projects. The beer, hamburgers, radios. They want to work easily forget the contributions of thou "big five" programs are the food and clothing and go to school. banks, medical assistance, general assistance, "This is a dream of Craig hospital too, with sands of private citizens who work tire and medical transportation. which we've worked in rehabilitating these lessly to help their neighbors-and ask Yet in spite of the growth, IFTF has re young men and women. If I had a million for nothing in return. mained remarkably free of bureaucratic red dollars, that's what I'd do with it." Mrs. Maida Navis of Littleton, Colo., tape, layers of executives, and high admin Another dream centers around a place is one of those remarkable Good Samari istrative expenses. where elderly transient men could be cared tans. For 10 years, she has devoted her Mrs. Navis estimates that Inter-Faith's for briefly. life to founding and building the Inter overhead l'Ul18 about 5% of the total services. "I'm the only person around who misses Faith Task Force, an organization which "We're able to achieve thi.s because so that old Littleton Hotel on Main st.," she much of what we accomplish is through 'in said. "We need aboctt eight rooms for over truly works miracles for those who need kind' contributions including food, clothing, night lodging. When the police call you them : the poor, the sick, the jobless; the labor, donated materials, and donate~ equip at 2 9'"m. and tell you an old man is sleeping hungry. I admire Maida greatly. ment," she said. "There is a great deal of 1n the doorway to the bus depot 1n freezing The Littleton Independent, one of willing self-sacrifice by volunteers and by weather, what do you do with him? Or what Colorado's finest weekly newspapers, re paid workers who get far less than they could do you do When a traveler's car breaks cently selected Maida as "Woman of the earn elsewhere." down t=md he needs a little help and a pla-ce Quarter-Century." The choice, I think, Inter-Faith started as an an-volunteer or to stay till he can get it repaired?" ganization. Now there are more paid workers, "YOU LEARN PATIENCE'' is a wise one. I commend to my · col and the need for volunteers has changed. leagues the article editor Garrett Ray "We still use many_volunteers, but in dif Mrs. Navis paused ·in her rapid-fire, ex wrote about this wonderful woman. ferent' ways from whtni we started," Mrs. cited recitation. · FOUNDER OF INTER-FAITH Is WOMAN Navis explained. "The hardest thing ift tl~is job is to· know OF QUARTER CENTURY "The ·help· we get during holidays fr'om your limitatio:n.S," she said. '"You see so many (By Garrett Ray) service clubs, busines.9es, and schools has things that need to be done ... If there's any Ten years ago a warm-hearted Littleton more than tripled. And most of our preschool thing you learn, it is patience, and that it woman began collecting used clothing to give workers are volunteers. takes time to develop something right. to local people in a financial jam. That "But when we built our community center, "There are a lot of discouraging times. project founded by Maida Navis in her ga we centralized a lot of activities, including Then something nice happens and we bounce rage, became the Inter-Faith Taslt Force. the food bank and clothing bank; most or 1'1ght back. This is what any life is-helping Her ability to o1·gan1ze and Inspire Qthers, ders are picked up, so we don't need so many someone els&, and in turn helping yourself. her unflagging energy, and her love for volunteers for deliveries. I've received far more tban I have given." Janua'I'Y 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1443 MILO'S TROUBLED HOSPITAL last year it looked as if $100,000 to $1!)0,000 [From the St. Louis Globe Democrat, would have to be spent if the hospital were to January 14, 1976] survive. How To CUT SPENDING . HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN. Such a sum is pocket change in Washing . . .; The fact is that the federal budget OF MAINE ton; it is the kind of trivial item that gets rounded off in a decimal point. In Milo, it is colnpletely controllable. The only ones IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES looked like the national debt. Then the big out of control are the senators and repre Wednesday, January 28, 1976 guys relented: If the top two floors of the old sentatives who have been falling all over building were lopped off, and if this were each other trying to increase federal Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, yesterday's done and that were done, at a cost of may spending. edition of the Washington Star and to be $30,000, perhaps a reprieve would be ap "There are two excellent approaches to day's Bangor Daily News carried a col proved. cutting the oversized federal budget. One umn by James J. Kilpatrick concerning But the big guys had a bigger and better might be described as internal and the other idea: If Milo would just go along with con external. the difficulties one small Maine commu "An example of au internal spending 1·e nity is facing in keeping its local hospi struction of a 52-bed regional hospital at Dover-Foxcroft, 13 miles away, everything duction would be a restructurillt? of the tal in operation. would be solved. The little hospital in Milo overgrown Department of Health, Education Although Mr. Kilpatrick's column is could be abandoued. Fine medical care would and Welfare which now is spending about published widely, I am inserting this be assured. It was all friendly, but there was $120 billion a year. The new HEW Secretary, particular edition in the CONGRESSIONAL an edge to it: If Milo didn't go along, Milo Forrest D. Mathews, estimates that eliminat REcoRD to attract attention to a problem would lose its Medicare-Medicaid money. ing overlapping programs and general sim which is increasingly widespread in the The townspeople held town meetings. Re plification of the maze of programs in the peatedly they rejected the friendly proposal. department would save as much as $6 billiou Nation. to $10 billion a year. The people of the town of Milo are Instead, they plunged in to renovation with their own hands. They raised $6,000 the old "It is estimated that the federal govern caught between State and Federal regu fashioned way. And in November, spick and ment is now paying out about $1 billion a lations, between their strong desire to span, the bobtailed little ho-spital reopened. year to public relations officers to bombard· maintain their 9-bed local hospita1 and Alas, the effort hasn't impressed the big the public with various kinds of information. a push for improved regional medical guys behind the big desks. Medicare and This probably could be cut in half with no facilities. The story has significant im Medicaid funds have been withheld. The Blue loss to the public and a considerable sav.ings plications for all America's small towns, Cross-Blue Shield people say their contract in paper that would not be consumed by and I commend it to the attention of my lapsed while the hospital was closed for reno millions of government handouts and office vation. Pressure continues for the big re memorandums. colleagues in the House. gional institution at Dover-Foxcroft. The "In many federal programs eligibility The column follows: trouble with the stubborn people of Milo, it standards have been too generous and ad [From the Washington Star, Jan. 27, 1976] is said, is that they dou't know what's good ministration has been fat• too lax. The food THE 'BIG GUYS' Go AFTER MILO'S TINY for them. stamp progt·am, for example, is wildly out HOSPITAL Well, maybe uot. But here is a small town of contro~. Food stamps now go to about (By James J. Kilpatrick) fighting for what its own townspeople, in 20 million Americans, including more than their own towu meetiug, say they want to a million whose income is more than $12,000 MILO, ),IAINE.-The little town of Milo hold outo. That's a principle worth saving, a year. The program which started at a cost (pop. 2,600) lies in north central Maine, if it t akes a billion baked beans to do. of only $400,000 a year in 1961 now has somewhere south of Millinocket and some mushroomed to almost $7 billion a year. where north of Bangor. The casual traveler "The eUgibllity standards in this program is not likely ever to get to Milo unless he are so low that it is estimated that another has some particular business to attend to, 20 mlllion to 40 million Americans may be but there's a story here worth a moment of HOW TO CUT FEDERAL SPENDING eligible. your time. "Of equal concern is the fact that a De Unless some new money is found by early partment of Agriculture survey found that February, the town will lose its hospital. HON. LARRY McDONALD food. stamps were being issued incorrectly All the old money has been exhausted; the OF GEORGIA (too many or too few) in 54 per cent of the bake sale money, the bean supper money, cases studied. Obviously many btllions of the town tax money-it's all run out. After IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dollars could be saved by tightening up on a small-town struggle that would break Wednesday, January 28, 1976 eligibility standards and administration of your heart, the "big guys" may win after all. public aid programs. The "big guys" are all those powerful peo Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. ". . . federal spending probably could be ple behind big desks somewhere else--at the Speaker, now that the fiscall977 budget cut by $20 bUlion to $30 billion by making Department of Health, Education, and Wel is out, we are again hearing about the internal reforms and eliminating marginal fare in Washington, at state agencies down difficulties in controlling Federal spend and wasteful practices. in Augusta, wherever it is the Blue Cross ing. In particular, we hear about how "The external cuts would be those that and Blue Shield administrators sit. The "big much of the budget is really made up of would reduce or eliminate expenditures for guys" are the planners and policy-makers. specific agencies and programs. A good ex And Milo is pretty small. Its hospital has "uncontrollables." Thus the President's ample of this kind of reduction would be nine beds. One is reminded of Daniel Web proposal to increase Federal spending foreign aid. The United States, which now ster's argument in behalf of Dartmouth Col next year by $21 billion, with a projected is in debt more than $600 b11lion, has no lege-a small institutiou, but there are those deficit of $43 billion, is said to be in truth business sending more than $8 billion a year who love it. The hospit al in Milo has no a proposal to reduce spending. If we sim overseas. To get this $8 b11lion it has to such glorious history; it dates only to 1928, ply maintained all Federal programs at when it was established privately in a com.. borrow the money at 7 to 8 per cent. Foreign fortable old three-story h ouse. In 1960, the their present level, it is argued, the aid should at least be cut in h alf. This wou ld town formed a non-profit corporation and budget would call for spending $423 bil save about $4 billion. took it over. lion, an increase of a mere $50 billion "There is no question that a great amount In the course of time came the big guys over last year. of federal money poured into 'community with the big programs and the big ideas and So, we are admonished, let us stop development' has been wasted. Even the Ull the big books of rules and regulations. These talking about controlling Federal spend successful Model Cities program was sched factotums, dignitaries and policy-makers are ing and start up the printing presses. uled to receive $1.3 billion in the 1976 not to be regarded as black-hated villains; Well, as the following editorial from budget.... they have not acted as dictators, tyrants or "These are by no means all of t he proposals despots. Obviously, there are a few hard feel the St. Louis Globe Democrat, January 14, 1976, points out: t hat have been made or can be made. But ings among the Friends of Milo Community they make the point. The federal budget Hospital, but the record suggests that the The fact is that the federal budget is com big guys have acted out of a sincere coucern pletely controllable. The only ones out of should be as easy to cut as a ripe banana. for greater efficiency and better medical care. control are the senators and representatives The real problem is that high-spending I,n any event, the last fe.w years have been who have been falling all over each other liberal senators and representatives don't a chronicale of one discouraging ha-ssle after t rying to increase federal spending. want t6 cut it; They get a lot· of their votes another. The hospital trustees were put on by ~ippr'!ving wasteful and costl!' programs. notice that ·the building failed to comply Th~ editorial continues by . pointing "'.fa,xpay~rs, .. however. had better assert with cer-tain safety standards. Teams of ·in out numerous a.reas where spending can their !1g;ttts .. They a:re now being made 'fall spectors came and want. Reports were filed, be cut and ''controlled ' ~ . immediately. guys'. tor th~ moat irresponsible spending in certificates were denied. Finally, in May of Following are excerpts:. t he n at ion's. history." 1444 EXTENSIONS-oF REMARK&~ - MALAWI-A CASE OF PERSECUTION In all three countries, the paper said, the Malawi formally banned the Jehovah's , actions resulted from the refusal of the Wit Witnesses in 1967 when they refused to join nesses to give allegiance to the ruling parties. the country's only political party, the MCP. The sect believes organized government is Many Witnesses fled to nearby Zambia; but HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. sinful. most were subsequently forced back to Mal oF CALIFORNIA The Jehovah's Witnesses are also unpopu- awl. Whereupon some 35,000 fled to Mozam IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lar with the white rulers of Rhodesia and bique, but when the present Marxist regime Wednesday. January 8. _ South Africa-both involved in low-key guer- came to power last summer it forced them , 2 , 1976 rilla wars ·with black nationalists-because back again because they refused political in Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. they refuse to. serve in the army. doctrination. Last summer the MCP congress Speaker, it is difficult for congressper- Awake, in its .Dec. 8 issue, said the latest urged that all remaining Witnesses be fired sons, their staff, and the large personnel violence against the Witnesses had been car- from their jobs and evicted from their ried out by· the Malawi Congress party's homes, so many are now reportedly dying of in our \Vashington bureaucracies, to Youth League. It said these incidents, gath- starvation and disease. The Witnesses' pub identify in any way with the hardships ered by the sect's Watchtower Societies, were lications carry tales · of brutal tortures. 'being suffered all over the world. _Sym- typical: The plight. of the Witnesses is closely pathy comes easily, but empathy is nigh In the Malawi villages of Bundu, Nyanga bound up with the wider persecution and impossible. We live in warm shelters, · and Phatha, a mob of more than 100 armed harassment of unpopular minorities in work in guarded buildings, and bicker · men drove Witnesses from their homes, Third World nations, not just religious mi 'over the 'benefits of gram-fed versus· ·Stripped l\lld beat them, and then tried to norities but ethnic and racial minorit-ies as grass-fed b~ef. We qfteri sp~~.k our mil).ds · the men and wo~en have sexual rela- well. ·Some 50,000 Asians were expelled from 'f::!:. Uganda, So,ooo Portugue.se, Pakistanis and and associate with whom we please. I In Kanchenche, a village northwest of Greeks were expelled froin Zaire, another wonder how well this life prepares us, as Lilongwe, members of the Youth League 10,000 were forced out of Ethiopia after the members of a powerful government of a stripped and beat women Witnesses and military junta seized their enterprises. And large nation, to decide and direct the burned their pubic hair with torches. Five Tanzania's President Nyerfere . frankly priorities of our foreign policy. married women were raped, and one 17-year- warned white settlers they were unwelcome In my years here in congress, 1 have old girl was raped by three men. The local in his country. often questioned our interpretation of party chairman led the assaults. Most of the persecuted Witnesses are "U.S. interests"-an interpretation which At the village of Chimasongwe, in the same blacks native to Malawi. But what they have area, men and women were bound together in common with the Asians and Eul'Opeans kept us in Vietnam, aided the mili- to try to force them to have sexual relations. cited above is that they are being used r~s tary overthrow of President Allende A brother and sister were tied together. scapegoats by regimes that never tire of in Chile, and supports repressive gov- Western reporters are barred from both lecturing the developed world on the evils ernments on every part of the globe. Ac- Malawi and Mozambique and so cannot con of racism and other sins of Western democ counts of physical and mental torture~ firm independently the sect's statements, but racies. More remarkably, there are still imprisonment without trial, and the the reports reaching South Africa are nu Westerners wllo talte such lectures seriou~Iy; elimination of other basic human rights merous enough to give them some credence. they ought to talk to the Witnesses. Most of the Witnesses involved in the al no longer startle us and they are leged persecution were identified as blacks shrugged away as the i·esult of ·man- native to Malawi. kind's more barbarie side. Frank Muller, the Jehovah's Witnesses COMMENTS ON U.S. ·POSTAL Once again, examples of such tortw·e ··presiding overseer in South Africa, said Pres SERVICE and repressiv·e action have been brought ident Kamuzu Banda of Malawi has said he to .my attention. It·seems that the Afri- will decide finally what to do about the Wit - nesses there before the end of Januar:v. can country of Malawi has joined the Muller said he is not optimistic a"bout J:ION. :ANDREW YOUNG growing collection of nations Which ~re the outcome. He urged Witn'esses an over the OF GEORGIA strongly persecuting unpopular minori- world to write to Banda and members of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ties. This time it is based on religion- his government asking them to stop the the Jehovah Witnesses in Malawi are be- attacks. Wedn~sday, January '28, 1976 ing forced into concentration camps, Awake said the violent attacks on the Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, tortured, beaten, raped, et cetera. Due to Witnesses began in Malawi in 1964. It said it has now been over five years since the their religious beliefs, they refuse to join Banda's supporters burned the homes of 1,081 members of the sect and more than passage of the Postal Reorganization a political party, carry a party ca1·d, or 100 of their meeting places. Act, a move by Congress which estab in any way become involved in politics. lished the U.S. Postal Service as a A law in Malawi, which has a one party quasi-independent agency, in hopes of government, states that every citizen [From the Wall Street Journal, Jan. 2, 1976] improving America's mail delivery sys- must have a party card. The Witnesses PLIGHT OF THE WrrNESSES tern by making it more efficient and self- refuse to carry one, and thus have sub Stories have been trickling out of Africa sustaining. jected themselves to persecution. during the past several months recounting Embodied in this act was the feeling I urge my colleagues to read the fol the rellgious persecution of Jehovah's Wit- that the U.S. Postal Service would be lowing articles on this subject, which I nesses in Malawi. Witnesses have been mur- both a public service and a self-support dered, beaten by gangs, robbed, sexually ing corporation-two theories which we WOuld like to insert in the CONGRESSIONAL abused and then· houses burned down. . RECORD, and to consider taking a more Spokesmen for the Witnesses say that at least are currently .witnessing as incompat- active role in trying to change the course 30,000 of their members are being held in ible. It appears that in its efforts to of such events by direct communication detention camps. obtain the status of self-supportive, the with government officials h1 Malawi and Religious persecution is an old, old story, U.S. Postal Service management has in by altering the priorities of our foreign of course, the comparative handful of Mal- stead led its clientele, which includes al policy. Our policies should be a reflec awi Witnesses are only a ti,ny fraction of the most every individual and business in the . tion of our horror, not a mirror of our mlllions of religious faithful persecuted .or . United states, into times of increasing apathy: harassed in Communist nations and else- postage rates and deteriorating service. where. Moreover, the two million or so Wit- Two articles which address the priori JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES CLAIM PERSECUTION IN nesses tend to keep a low profile except to AFRICA proselytize so it's pretty easy for the outside ties of the U.S. Postal Service adminis JoHANNESBURG, South Africa.-The Jeho world to overlook their travail. tration are "Third Class Service, First vah's Witnesses religious sect says its mem Still, Jehovah's Witnesses tend to get Class -Rates", in the January 24th issue bers are being driven from country to coWl· under the skin of governments more than of New Republic, and "Delivering the try in southern Africa by beatings, rape, tor do most denominations, since they refuse to Mail, but Not the Promises,'' a commen ture and political pressure. pledge allegiance, serve in armed forces or tary by Nicholas von Hoffman in the Awake, the sect's newspaper, recently pub join political parties. Democracies tend to W sh' t t A N' h 1 H ff lished details of what it said was a wave of tolerate such refusals, but dictatorships are a mg on Pos · s IC o as von O - terror against thousands ·of Witnesses in · usually not that indulgent. The Castro gov- man points out:· Malawi and said they were aiso being perse ernment harshly persecuted Witnesses, in- · The semipublic corporation, be it at the cuted in Mozambique and Zambia. Sect offi-' eluding former world boxing champion Kid municipal or the federal level, is the least cia.ls ·said many Witnesses have dled from the Ga.vllan, and Malawi appears to be going responsive organizational form our society violence ln Mall\wl. · . further. has yet devised. Politically controlled insti- JanuaTy 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS 0];7 REMARKS 1445
t ut ions are in some vag-qe sense disc~plined postal l'e.tes and putting all the burden on firmation t hat government is a worthless, by: v:qters;. business u.stld ..to ; l,>e, at.. ~ny ra~~ the users. If that approach were taken, many dirty rag. · · · · · d i sc~pl!ne.d by having to s:Pow: .a_profit; s.emi- of these services would have to· erid,· spme- What is surprising is that the people who pu~l~c corporations are disciplined by,neither . · thing th,e .PUblic won;t to~er·a~ 1n any case. · run the country run the postal service as n or by anything else. Federal financial support will continue to be · they dO'. Sirice ·Year 1 of the· dohstitution, needed. we have been a tribe who loved the nation I wholeheartedly feel that these two For· congress to reimpose direct control and hated the government that stands for it. articles express the increasing dissatls.:.. · over the mail again would not be without The mail is the one activity carried out by faction with the present postal. adminis.: . drawbacks. There would be more of the kind the Federal Leviathan that everyone from tration amidst the American public. of cronyism that recently wt·enched all copy- age 10 onward comes in contact with. P'eople THIRD-CLASS SERVICE-FIRST-CLASS RATES ing machines OUt of post offices, a favor from WhO don't pay taxes, people WhO otherwise Congress to small businessmen who wanted manage to escape the eagle's talons, get mail The same arguments that led to the re- the copy making income the~selves. None- and send it. There has been more talk about placement of the old U.S. Post Office Depart- theless the public interest is likely to be bet- the recent post age il1.crease than the inc;:ome ment by an "efficient" and "businesslike" ter 'served if the postal service is kept directly tax. government corporation should now lead us under public rather than under private cor- But knowing that mail service may infiu to scrap the new U.S. Postal Service. The 1970 porate control. The nation's 12,000 rural post ence more people's opinion about the quality legislation replacing the post office was ap- offices, marginal in terms of dollars and cents of government than any other single federal proved on the basis of the case made by but not necessarily in· terms of community function, the honchos go ahead, raise the Frederick Kappel, the former chairman of morale, are more likely to remain open un- price of a first-class letter 33 percent and t he American Telephone and Telegraph Com- der congressional control than under the then start talking about cutting out Satur pany, that better management would reduce management of the Postal service. The costs day deliveries, special delivery and lengthen- costs by 20 percent. "There is no telling what of such social obligations, however, cannot ing the mail's arrival time. · greater savings could be made over the long simply be passed along to the mail users. When tl~e old Post Office Department was pull by businesslike management in the Post What would happen if the Postal service abolished six years ago in favor of'the' pl:ei:r Office," Kappel said in 1968. were asked to take on new responsibilities in ent semipublic ·corpoi'ation the country ·was The postal corporation of Kappel's dreams the fields of public assistance, rural com- told that "politics" had wrecked the mails has produced instead deteriorating service at munity development or electronic transmis- and that the introduction of businessmen h igh prices and the highest real deficit in sion? What levels of cost and inefficiency and businesslike efficiency would restore postal history~almost three billion dollars. would corporate managers tolerate if told to them. The reasons advanced weren't new. (The current level of government subsidy of hire more (not fewer) ·people, to improve Businessmen would be better able to resist about $1.5 billion is now disguised in the mail delivery, to incl·ease the frequency of extortionate demands of unions and other Postal Service budget as "income.") The new delivery? businessmen for high salaries, subsidies and 13-cent first class stamp symbolizes the cur- Those questions are of no concern to the construction and equipment contracts. rent plight of the operation. By 1980 the present postal corporation's management. In It hasn't worked out that way, but then · same stamp will likely cost 23 cents, and the these nerve-racking days, they have signed does it ever? Semipublic corporations, those Postal Service will be in deeper trouble, hav- up with a private firm for $100,000 worth of much praised partnerships between govern ing priced its services beyond the reach of medical check-ups for the ever increasing ment and business, have seldom delivered on many of its customers and lost more of its number of postal brass. staying in place, their promise. Freed of the need to come up business to private competition and the rap- staying fit, is their goal. with a profit for the stockholders, business idly developing electronic communications There won't be any change in the struc- men can be unconscionably worse than poli industry. The Postal Service hopes to stem ture or philosophy of the Postal ServiCe this ticians. Some of the politicans' palaver about t he decline in postal volume-the first since year. That awaits the election of a Democrat honesty and public service does, after · all, t he Great Depression of the '30s-by raising as President in November. In the meantime rub off on t heir insides, but the business its advertising budget from eight million dol- there is little to do except remind the Postal ethic is anything goes as long as you don't la1·s to $15 million. What is it advertising? Sel·vice of its more important responsibilities. go to jail. The virtues of letter writing, that's what. Paul Simon (D, Ill.), a freshman congress- The semipublic corporation, be it at the Don't phone; send a letter to a friend. man, has proposed a way to educate the head munig,U)al or the federal level, is the least In his visionary scheme, Fred Kappel evi- of the Postal service in the problems and responsive organizational form our society dently failed to take account of two factors: responsibilities of his job. "I suggest," Simon has yet devised. Politically controlled insti first that the Post Office is a necessary public said, "that for three days he visit offices in tutions are in some vague sense disciplined service (it's even mentioned in the Constitu- his headquarters; for two da.ys he should visit by voters; business used to be, at any rate, t ion) that must draw on public funds to with supervisors, talk to them; for four days disciplined by having to show a profit; semi maintain . a basic communications network he should serve as a clerk in a post office; for public corporations are disciplined by neither, for, the na.tion, and second, that it is im- two days he should serve as a rural mail car- nor by anything else. possible to reduce costs substantially as long rier; for two days he should work in one of Maybe that's why the House of Represent as 85 percent of the service's expenses go for the small rural post offices they are trying atives has twice voted to abolish postal re employees, who of course are represented by to close. They want to close 12,000 of them. form and return to the older, unsatisfactory powerful unions. There's nothing inherently I suggest that for five days he talk to post- arrangements. There is another sentiment- wrong with relying on manual labor to haul. t hi ec ti es tin th field peo t he mail, or on Ben Franklin's pigeon hole mlas ehrs, h s ex u v n soeu se nde wh 'know- still a 'decided minority-to let the I>ostal 0 method to store it. In fact it may even be a Pwhat e w is goingave commoon." n • a 0 service destroy itself,. just abolish its manop- good idea to halt the expensive attempt to The final step will be to replace the top oly so that somebody else can get into the mechanize the mails-a modernized system managers altogether, but not the system. It business and compete by providing better which, after all, performs at only 86 percent appears inarguable, however, that the retreat service at low prices. efficiency. (Thus the puzzling delays in de- from the 2oo-year philosophy of the post One of the objections to allowing private livery between major cities, the birthday card office as a public service is clearly the root business a whack at the job has been that t hat arrives a day late, the mortgage pay- cause of today's problem. The solution is to the mails are sacrosanct. We know that's so ment 10 days overdue.) However it makes no return to that philosophy. much mala.rkey. The government reads our sense to invest billions of dollars in mech- anization while at the same time agreeing t·o mail and there isn't anything we can do "no lay-off" labor contracts. In combining DELIVERING THE MAIL, BuT NoT THE. PROMISES about it. A private carrier who permitted t he corporate taste for expensive machinery (By Nicholas von Hoffman) such intrusions on his customers could be with a political weakness for featherbedding, Another small battle between the forces successfully sued. . t he Postal Service has delivered the taxpayer of largeness and the forces of smallness has The other objection is that private com to the worst of both worlds. ended. The village of Rockport, Maine, has panies wouldn't service sparsely populated As a government corporation, the Postal lost the long fight to keep its post office rural areas or less pleasant ones like the Service was supposed to break even by 1984 where it has been since pilgrim times. The ghettoes. If that turns out to be so, it would because, it was said, letter writers, bill pay- post office had always been the center of the be cheaper t o subsidize mail to those areas ers, creditors, advertisers and magazine pub- hot-stove social life during the long winters than what we do now; which is to subsidize Ushers would begin paying the true costS of of short daylight. Time, Newsweek and the junk mail industry. t he services they use. As the evidence shows, Some official in the reformed, semipublic Despite some admi;rable lurches in the di- however, expenses are outstripping even·the U.S. Postal Service determined that the old rection of deregulation, President Ford still income from very high rates. Finally there's post office lacked the ·required number of appears in favor of using the semipublic cor "' general awareness-perhaps even in the square feet or· some such, and after the pro;. Post-al.. Service-that the agency does have tests of 'the inhabitants and the posturing of poration device in such huge fields as energy, certain public functions that cannot be the elected officials, this decision to close the health insurance and transportation. His plia.sed out. Inefficient rural post ofizoes, Sat- post office was carried out. The episode in the myriad opponents agree. None of them rec urday delivery and special delivery simply tiny Maine coastal · hamlet won't surprise ognize tbat as ye deliver the mail, so shall cannot b~ made cost .effective bY: raising many who will take it as superfluous con- ye be judged: ..