A Proud New Zealand Brand 73

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Proud New Zealand Brand 73 THE MARKET allowed TelstraClear to double the reach of TelstraClear knows that its customers don’t want its existing fbre enabled cable networks. Te complicated, confusing communications systems. unbundling programme is the single biggest Tey want world-class voice and data services, infrastructure project TelstraClear has undertaken broadband, digital entertainment and mobile in recent years, opening access to more than solutions that are simple to use, with bills that are 220,000 homes and businesses. easy to understand and manage. TelstraClear has been voted the Best Internet TelstraClear provides phone, mobile and Service Provider by the readers of ‘NetGuide’ in digital entertainment packages, as well as some of their annual People’s Choice Web Awards more New Zealand’s fastest internet services. We’re also times than any other New Zealand ISP. transforming the way New Zealand businesses operate and communicate. About one in every THE PRODUCT six Kiwi companies are TelstraClear customers, TelstraClear’s network is the only one in New from sole traders through to international Zealand that can carry the full range of telephone, operates thousands of kilometers of fbre optic businesses. We are also entrusted with fulflling data, internet, mobile and cable TV services direct cable, extending from Whangarei to Invercargill, the telecommunications needs of organisations to customers. Its networks reach 30 towns and with three diverse paths linking Auckland, that protect New Zealand’s borders, including the cities, with the highest concentration of customers Wellington and Christchurch. New Zealand Defence Force, Customs and the in Wellington, Kapiti and Christchurch. TelstraClear ofers super-fast internet, digital Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. TelstraClear has two Earth Station sites, one TV and calling with the InHome package; while Other communications providers know located in Auckland (connecting satellites that HomePlan provides simple and fexible broadband they can rely on us too. TelstraClear accounts provide direct voice connectivity to Pacifc and and calling services for those living in the rest of for a signifcant proportion of wholesale Southeast Asian countries) and the second in the country. telecommunications services to other companies Wellington, where the Earth Station is used to TelstraClear has invested heavily in its network, in New Zealand. receive television broadcasts for redistribution and the technological innovations that make it over the Wellington and Christchurch Cable TV powerful enough to provide wholesale customers, ACHIEVEMENTS networks. including some of the biggest names in global TelstraClear was at the TelstraClear owns and operates the most telecommunications, with an impressive array of forefront of campaigning diversely routed IP backbone in Asia Pacifc communication services. for the opening up of with direct connectivity to US and Europe. Te Organisations need continual protection exchanges and creating network’s monitoring support runs 24 hours a day, against hacking and sophisticated virus attacks. a true competitive seven days a week, all year round. As a ‘team within a team’, the TelstraClear environment. Tis has In New Zealand, TelstraClear owns and business unit, DMZ Global, provides advanced HISTORY 2000 2004 1990 Telstra New Zealand merges with Saturn TelstraClear launches InHome, a simple and TelstraClear’s predecessor companies enter Communications, a provider of cable television powerful ofering to residential customers within the market. Clear Communications gives New and telephone services in Wellington and its cable networks in Wellington, Christchurch Zealanders a real choice for the frst time. Kiwi Christchurch. Te combined company is renamed and Kapiti; and HomePlan for those wanting to Cable is registered and later becomes Saturn TelstraSaturn. get the best out of the national network. Communications, providing phone and cable TV services to the Kapiti Coast near Wellington. 2001 2007 TelstraSaturn purchases Clear Communications. TelstraClear’s Enterprise and Government 1996 TelstraClear is born. division is formed. Business customers are Telstra Corporation sets up Telstra New Zealand introduced to TelstraClear Mobility, ofering wide and ofers further choice and competition to the 2003 national coverage, global roaming, and a seamless New Zealand market. TelstraClear introduces its ground breaking Triple transition to straightforward plans, simple pricing Play phone, digital television and high-speed and streamlined business processes. Customers 1998 internet service in Wellington and Christchurch. get a single point of contact, and one bill. Te formation of Telstra New Zealand’s wholesale division makes its state-of-the-art technology and services available to other providers. Te division becomes a major feature in the company’s development. A72 PROUD NEW ZEALAND BRAND BRAND DEVELOPMENT PAGES LR 120521A.indd 72 5/23/12 1:32 PM data security consultancy and a range of highly promoting a healthy, vibrant and life-enhancing specialised managed security services. Tese communications culture, and are leading the include business-to-business connectivity, private way on important community and cultural networks, internet access, websites and email, and issues related to its business. From educating data storage in all environments. Many of these t Te safe and fun learning network children about how to protect themselves from services operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week, SuperClubsPLUS teaches kids aged six to 12 cyber-bullying and helping prevent crime via our using the Secured Business Exchange platform how to adopt safe online behaviour anywhere support of Crime Stoppers, to supporting the arts (SBX) – the leading commercial security network on the internet. It has more than 250,000 and making New Zealand a better place for young available in New Zealand. primary school members worldwide. With people to live. SuperClubsPLUS Kiwi kids can chat, build a TelstraClear is committed to nurturing New RECENT DEVELOPMENTS personal website, swap media, join clubs and Zealand families and telecommunications users t TelstraClear supports the government’s learn to be ‘web wizards’. All members are age of all ages. As well as its own technology-support ultra-fast broadband (UFB) initiative. In some authenticated, communications are mediated, services (SuperClubsPLUS, CyberSafety and parts of New Zealand TelstraClear’s upgraded and content is fltered. SeniorNet) TelstraClear assists family-focused cable network is already running at speeds organisations such as Te Polkadots, that nurture, classed as ultra-fast. PROMOTION protect, educate, Te animated characters TC & Bill frst appeared connect and grow t TelstraClear has developed the T-Box, a Next in 2008 in TelstraClear ads, contrasting the the children and Generation personal video recorder set-top company’s state-of-the-art products and simple youth in our box. Its three tuners let you record and watch solutions with the old-fashioned ‘Bill’, these likeable communities. multiple HD channels at a time. Te T-Box characters have promoted TelstraClear products is compliant with the best audio formats and and services for the last four years. Tey’ve even video options and is also future-proofed to been on a road trip together to show the nation deliver advanced interactive options as they the breadth of TelstraClear services. become available. BRAND VALUES t Telepresence teleconferencing beams life-size TelstraClear builds its products high-defnition images of distant colleagues to and service with four key you in real time, with no sound lags or blurred principles in mind – value, faces. Tanks to TelstraClear’s incredibly fast trust, technology and IP Network, it’s just like communicating in service. TelstraClear person. prides ourselves on 2008 2010 TelstraClear launches Clearnet - a content-rich TelstraClear celebrates internet site. In the second half of 2008 TelstraClear 20 years in the New THINGS YOU DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT sell more new consumer Broadband connections Zealand market. TELSTRACLEAR than all other providers combined. 2011 2009 TelstraClear launches its Home of Broadband TelstraClear’s TelstraClear supports the independent charity campaign. TelstraClear also sponsors the frst 6,000km of fbre Crimestoppers by equipping it with free internet public cycle event over the Auckland Harbour optic cable network and phone services so the public can anonymously bridge. could stretch from provide information to help solve crimes in New Auckland to Perth. Zealand. In the same year, TelstraClear nearly 2012 Within these cables, doubles the size of its network through New Te Home of Broadband proves to be popular there is more than Zealand’s largest local loop unbundling (LLU) and TelstraClear start the year by signing up tens 100,000km of fbre. programme. of thousands of new customers. TelstraClear also End to end, this become the new National sponsor of the Royal would stretch New Zealand Ballet. around the planet nearly three times. A PROUD NEW ZEALAND BRAND 73 BRAND DEVELOPMENT PAGES LR 120521A.indd 73 5/23/12 1:32 PM.
Recommended publications
  • The Evolution of Telecommunications Regulation in New Zealand
    ANNA PATERSON THE EVOLUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION IN NEW ZEALAND LLM RESEARCH PAPER LAWS 582: LEGAL WRITING FACULTY OF LAW 2018 2 Contents I Introduction........................................................................................................................ 4 II Overview of telecommunications regulation ..................................................................... 4 A The New Zealand telecommunications industry ............................................................. 5 B Telecommunications regulation ...................................................................................... 7 C Telecommunications regulation in New Zealand ........................................................... 9 III Evolution of telecommunications regulation in New Zealand ......................................... 12 A The period of light-handed regulation .......................................................................... 12 B The Fletcher Inquiry and sector-specific regulation .................................................... 14 C Developments in the 2000s ........................................................................................... 17 D 2011 amendments to the Act ......................................................................................... 18 IV Proposed law reform........................................................................................................ 19 A Review of the Act ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Playing the Telecommunications Game in New Zealand the Evolving Story of Telecommunications Public Policy in New Zealand
    NETWORK NEUTRALITY AND COMPETITION ISSUES PLAYING THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS GAME IN NEW ZEALAND THE EVOLVING STORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC POLICY IN NEW ZEALAND Murray Milner, Milner Consulting Limited IN THE BEGINNING ... New Zealand’s first telecommunication service arrived in 1862, when an electric telegraph line was established between Christchurch and Lyttelton, over a distance of 20km. After this event, the number and variety of both private and military transmission facilities expanded rapidly across New Zealand. The first telegraph service with Australia was launched in 1876 and this was followed by the first manual telephone exchange in 1881, with 30 customers connected. At this time, the New Zealand Post and Telegraph Department (NZPTD) was established to train and employ the country’s first public telecommunication operators. By 1930 the NZPTD had successfully connected all the main centres in New Zealand with a toll and telegraph network serving some 125,000 customers. Automatic telephone exchanges were introduced into the emerging network in the early 1900s, based on electro-mechanical switch technologies. This type of exchange evolved through until the late 1970s. A limited form of subscriber toll dialling (STD) service was introduced in 1953, but the real advances in long distance calls came with the provision of a national backbone of microwave radio technology installed in 1959. Throughout this period, various submarine cables were deployed to link New Zealand with Australia, North America, Europe and the South Pacific. The international capacity and route diversity was greatly enhanced with the introduction of a satellite earth station at Warkworth, North of Auckland in 1971, using the INTELSAT satellite network (Newman 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • NZ TELECOMMUNICATIONS FORUM ANNUAL REPORT 2012/13 A
    NZ TELECOMMUNICATIONS FORUM ANNUAL REPORT 2012/13 a ANNUAL REPORT 2012/13 NZ TELECOMMUNICATIONS FORUM ANNUAL REPORT 2012/13 01 CONTENTS Foreword from the Independent Chairperson ........................02 Chief Executive’s Summary ....................................................03 About the NZ Telecommunications Forum Inc ........................04 Key Players in the TCF ............................................................05 TCF Membership ...................................................................07 Celebrating 10 Years of the TCF .............................................08 The TCF year 2012/13 at a glance ..........................................09 Developing industry best practice .........................................10 Code Compliance Framework .........................................................................................................................................................11 Ultra-Fast Broadband ........................................................................................................................................................................11 Internet Protocol (IP) Interconnection for Voice .........................................................................................................................12 Mobile Product Stewardship ............................................................................................................................................................12 Number Portability Milestones ........................................................................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Bargaining Over Interconnection: the Clear-Telecom Dispute ∗
    Bargaining over Interconnection: The Clear-Telecom Dispute ∗ Michael Carter Julian Wright Department of Economics Department of Economics University of Canterbury University of Auckland Christchurch, New Zealand Auckland, New Zealand Abstract We explore the problem of network interconnection in local telecom- munications. We develop a model with a competitive business sector and a regulated residential sector. The model is used to analyse the celebrated New Zealand antitrust case between Clear and Telecom. We discuss im- plications of the model for the eonomics of antitrust, including issues of competition versus efficiency and the use of appropriate economic models. We also examine the implications of some proposed rules for interconnec- tion. In particular, we examine reciprocity, ‘bill and keep’, and the rule that the courts ultimately endorsed, the Baumol-Willig rule. Running head: Bargaining over Interconnection JEL Classification: L11, L41, L96 Corresponding author Dr. Julian Wright Department of Economics University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand Ph: 09-373-7599 ext. 7943 Fax: 09-373-7427 ∗We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of Iain Fraser and two anonymous refer- ees. We thank Richard Edlin for outstanding research assistance and the Centre for Research in Network Economics and Communications at the University of Auckland for financial sup- port. I Introduction Stimulated by technological change and a pervasive deregulatory environment, markets for telecommunications services are being transformed around the world. Two different heritages can be identified. Britain is typical of the situation in many countries, where a former government monopoly has been privatized and competing providers encouraged. The industry is overseen by a specific industry regulator.
    [Show full text]
  • ON the FRONTIER of DEREGULATION: New Zealand Telecommunications and the Problem of Interconnecting Competing Networks
    On the Frontier of Deregulation Reason Foundation Policy Study No. 177 May 1994 ON THE FRONTIER OF DEREGULATION: New Zealand Telecommunications and the Problem of Interconnecting Competing Networks by Milton Mueller EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Telecommunications is undergoing a revolution. Despite the apparent revolution in industry structure, the public policy questions raised by the new developments have changed little. The debate revolves around the same two fundamental issues that have haunted the industry since well before the AT&T divestiture. ⋅ First, to what extent can market competition replace regulation as the arbiter of telecommunications service markets? ⋅ Second, how does one define “competition” and “monopoly power” in a marketplace as complex as communications? Whether cable-telco mergers will result in a wide-open rivalry or create frightening mega-monopolies is a policy debate that will resound throughout the 1990s. The biggest problem facing regulators in the new competitive environment has been to adjudicate and coordinate interconnection relationships among competing systems. In most nations, including the United States, these issues have been, or are being, resolved via processes in which regulators have tried to enforce parity between large incumbents and their smaller rivals. One exception to this is New Zealand. There policymakers have attempted to resolve these matters via market transactions alone, relying on open entry and the threat of litiqation under an antitrust law. The assumption behind most equal-access policies is that, without regulation, inequalities between the incumbents and new entrants constitute a fatal obstacle to effective competition in telecommunications markets. However, the New Zealand experience indicates otherwise. Despite the obvious inequalities in the interconnection agreement, national and international toll competition have functioned at least as successfully as in countries with policies that promote or protect competitors.
    [Show full text]
  • Vodafone New Zealand Limited Clearance Application
    PUBLIC VERSION Vodafone New Zealand Limited Clearance Application Date: 12 July 2012 The Registrar Business Acquisitions and Authorisations Commerce Commission PO Box 2351 WELLINGTON Pursuant to section 66(1) of the Commerce Act 1986 notice is hereby given seeking clearance of a proposed business acquisition. DOC REF 14055900 PUBLIC VERSION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Vodafone New Zealand Limited (Vodafone) (or any interconnected body corporate of Vodafone) seeks clearance to acquire up to 100% of the shares and/or assets of TelstraClear Limited (TelstraClear) from Telstra Corporation The Application Limited (Telstra Corporation). Vodafone will not be acquiring all of TelstraClear’s spectrum assets as part of the transaction (as described further in the body of the document). The acquisition of TelstraClear by Vodafone will combine two complementary businesses with limited overlap. Vodafone’s network and expertise is centred primarily on mobile services, while TelstraClear’s network and experience is based on fixed line services. Vodafone’s market share in each of the fixed voice and broadband markets is [ ] (by connections). TelstraClear does not operate a mobile network, and has [ ] market share (by connections) as a reseller of mobile services on Vodafone’s network. Acquisition For business customers, Vodafone currently provides mobile services and a combines two limited range of fixed network services. TelstraClear is currently able to offer a complementary more extensive range of fixed network services to business customers than businesses Vodafone, but lacks deep mobile expertise. The combination of the two businesses overcomes weaknesses in each company’s product portfolio and creates an entity better able to compete against Telecom/Gen-i, particularly for large customers with complex needs.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMERCE COMMISSION V TELECOM CORPORATION of NEW ZEALAND LIMITED and Anor HC AK CIV 2000-485-673 [18 April 2008] TABLE of CONTENTS
    IN THE HIGH COURT OF NEW ZEALAND AUCKLAND REGISTRY CIV 2000-485-673 BETWEEN THE COMMERCE COMMISSION Plaintiff AND TELECOM CORPORATION OF NEW ZEALAND LIMITED First Defendant AND TELECOM NEW ZEALAND LIMITED Second Defendant Hearing: 20-23, 27-30 August, 3-7, 10-11, 18-19 and 24-26 September 2007 Court: Rodney Hansen J Mr MC Copeland Counsel: JA Farmer QC, BD Gray QC, S Glass and JS McHerron for Plaintiff D Shavin QC, JE Hodder, PR Jagose, S Dalzell and H Northover for Defendants Judgment: 18 April 2008 JUDGMENT OF RODNEY HANSEN J AND MR MC COPELAND This judgment was delivered by me on 18 April 2008 at [10.00 a.m ], pursuant to Rule 540(4) of the High Court Rules. Registrar/Deputy Registrar Date: …………………………. Solicitors: Commerce Commission, P O Box 2351, Wellington for Plaintiff Chapman Tripp, P O Box 993, Wellington for Defendants THE COMMERCE COMMISSION V TELECOM CORPORATION OF NEW ZEALAND LIMITED And Anor HC AK CIV 2000-485-673 [18 April 2008] TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction [1] Confidentiality [4] Issues [5] Markets Background [8] Market definition [17] Fixed-line retail phone service to residential customers [19] Wholesale network access [22] Retail ISP services for residential customers [26] Wholesale ISP services [27] Dominance [28] Fixed line retail phone services to residential customers [30] Wholesale network terminating access [46] Use of dominance Legal test [55] Development of 0867 service [56] Counterfactual analysis [77] Purpose [91] Commission’s case [93] Stated purpose [97] Inferred purpose [106] Result [114] Introduction [1] The advent and dramatic expansion of the internet during the 1990s caused a revolution in telecommunications worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Market Power in Telecommunications: Antitrust Vs
    ARTICLE CONTROLLING MARKET POWER IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: ANTITRUST VS. SECTOR- SPECIFIC REGULATION An Assessment of the United States, New Zealand and Australian Experiences By Michel Kerft and Damien Geradint ABSTRACT The authors set out a framework for evaluating different approaches to the economic regulation of telecommunications. They then evaluate the United States, New Zealand, and Australian experiences with tele- communications regulation through this framework. The United States uses a sector-specific approach to telecommunications regulation, while New Zealand uses a general antitrust approach. Australia melds these two contrasting approaches together, complementing general antitrust rules with telecommunications-specific rules within the same antitrust legislation. The authors conclude that, on balance, the Australian ap- proach provides many features desirable in the economic regulation of telecommunications. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 92 1 II. CONCEPTUAL FRAM EW ORK .................................................................................... 922 A. M arket Power and Telecommunications ........................................................ 922 B. Rules .............................................................................................................. 927 1. A ntitrust R ules ........................................................................................ 927 2. Telecommunications-SpecificRules
    [Show full text]
  • Commerce Commission Decision
    Public Version ISSN NO. 0114-2720 J5420 Commerce Commission Decision No. 471 Determination pursuant to the Commerce Act 1986 in the matter of an application for clearance of a business acquisition involving: VECTOR LIMITED and UNITEDNETWORKS LIMITED The Commission: MJ Belgrave DR Bates QC DF Curtin Summary of Application: The acquisition by VECTOR Limited or any interconnected body corporate of up to 100% of the shares in the capital of, and some or all of the assets of the business carried on by UnitedNetworks Limited. Determination: Pursuant to section 66(3)(a) of the Commerce Act 1986, the Commission determines to give clearance for the proposed acquisition. Date of Determination: 23 August 2002 CONTENTS THE PROPOSAL ....................................................................................................................1 THE PROCEDURES...............................................................................................................1 THE PARTIES.........................................................................................................................1 VECTOR Limited..................................................................................................................1 UnitedNetworks Limited .......................................................................................................1 Other relevant parties..............................................................................................................2 Telecom New Zealand Limited (Telecom)............................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 TCF Annual Report
    Annual Report Telecommunications Carriers’ Forum 2007 Annual Report 2007 Telecommunications Carriers’ Forum What the TCF does The Telecommunications Carriers’ Forum (TCF) plays a vital role in the New Zealand telecommunications industry by working collaboratively on the development of key industry standards and codes of practice that underpin the digital economy. The TCF works with a wide variety of industry participants and government agencies to promote competition and investment in the sector, accelerate the introduction of new generation services, and encourage excellence in customer service. Structure The TCF is a registered incorporated society, governed by a Board which is headed by an Independent Chair, and operated by the CEO and a Forum Administrator. Our members are New Zealand telecommunications Contents carriers and service providers. Foreword from the For more detailed information about the TCF and our Independent Chair ....................................1 work, visit www.tcf.org.nz Introduction from the CEO ................2 Key Players in the TCF ............................4 TCF Membership.......................................6 Key Achievements in 2007 ...................7 Work in Progress ....................................14 2007 Financial Summary ....................16 2007 Working Party Members .......18 2008 Projects and Projections ........20 Foreword from the Independent Chair As I reflect on my time as Independent Chair of the TCF, I am amazed at how much has changed. We have gone from a highly concentrated industry to one with a number of significant players; broadband and mobile phones have gone from being luxury items to everyday necessities; convergence of technologies and industries is accelerating; and changes in the regulatory environment have established a new basis for doing business. The pace of technological and industry transformation shows no sign of letting up.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Look at of Leading Change 1987 - 1993
    A BRIEF LOOK AT OF LEADING CHANGE 1987 - 1993 1994 - 1998 1999 - 2016 2016 - present 2 I TUANZ – A brief look at 30 years of leading change In the world of technology, a year can sometimes be a very long time, let alone thirty years. But that’s exactly how long our organisation has been around. Over that time we’ve seen monumental changes in the telecommunications services that we use - starting from those early days of low speed digital services, to today’s ultra fast speeds over fibre. We’ve become mobile and now we’re heavily dependent on those wirelessly connected devices in all aspects of our lives, as well as in our businesses. Over those years of tremendous change, TUANZ has been a constant. Our organisation has continued to keep us connected and educated on the new tech and the issues of the day. We’ve been a constant advocate on behalf of users and continued to represent our members views all the way through. In this history we have not tried to be comprehensive. It would have been impossible to speak to all that have been involved over the years, but we’ve tried to give you a picture of what has happened over that time through the eyes of some of the key players. It shows how our story is a key part of the development of the tele- communications sector and how we’ve been involved every step of the way. I hope you enjoy reading about the last 30 years. It’s still an exciting time to be involved and I commend the future of TUANZ to you.
    [Show full text]
  • Note: Order Prohibiting Publication of the Judgment in News Media Or on the Internet Or Other Publicly Available Database Until 12 Pm 2 July 2012
    NOTE: ORDER PROHIBITING PUBLICATION OF THE JUDGMENT IN NEWS MEDIA OR ON THE INTERNET OR OTHER PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATABASE UNTIL 12 PM 2 JULY 2012. IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF NEW ZEALAND CA700/2009 [2012] NZCA 278 BETWEEN TELECOM CORPORATION OF NEW ZEALAND LIMITED First Appellant AND TELECOM NEW ZEALAND LIMITED Second Appellant AND COMMERCE COMMISSION Respondent Hearing: 26, 27, 28, 29 September and 3 October 2011 Court: Glazebrook, Chambers and Ellen France JJ Counsel: D Shavin QC, J E Hodder SC, P Jagose and T Smith for First and Second Appellants J A Farmer QC, G M Coumbe and J S McHerron for Respondent Judgment: 27 June 2012 at 11.00 am JUDGMENT OF THE COURT A The appeal is dismissed. B The cross-appeal is allowed. C The declaration made in the High Court is amended to read as follows: The plaintiff is granted a declaration that Telecom used and/or took advantage of its dominant position/market power from 1 February 1999 until late 2004 (when Telecom introduced a UPC service) for the purposes of deterring potential or existing competitors in the wholesale market for backbone transmission TELECOM CORPORATION OF NEW ZEALAND LIMITED V COMMERCE COMMISSION COA CA700/2009 [27 June 2012] services and the retail market for end-to-end high speed data transmission services. D The appellants must pay the respondent costs for a complex appeal on a band B basis and usual disbursements. We certify for three counsel. REASONS Glazebrook and Ellen France JJ [1] Chambers J [281] GLAZEBROOK AND ELLEN FRANCE JJ (Given by Glazebrook J) Table of Contents
    [Show full text]