DOCSLIB.ORG

A Functional Genomics Approach to the Study of Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Metabolism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Functional Genomics Approach to the Study of Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Metabolism ESPOO 2008 VTT PUBLICATIONS 696 VTT PUBLICATIONS 696 VTT PUBLICATIONS 680 Sivonen, Sanna. Domain-specific modelling language and code generator for 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 developing repository-based Eclipse plug-ins. 2008. 89 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 681 Kallio, Katri. Tutkimusorganisaation oppiminen kehittävän vaikuttavuusarvioinnin 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 prosessissa. Osallistujien, johdon ja menetelmän kehittäjän käsityksiä prosessin 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 aikaansaamasta oppimisesta. 2008. 149 s. + liitt. 8 s. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 682 Kurkela, Esa, Simell, Pekka, McKeough, Paterson & Kurkela, Minna. Synteesikaasun 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 ja puhtaan polttokaasun valmistus. 2008. 54 s. + liitt. 5 s. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 683 Hostikka, Simo. Development of fire simulation models for radiative heat transfer 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 A functional genomics approach to the study of alkaloid biosynthesis and metabolism... 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 and probabilistic risk assessment. 2008. 103 p. + app. 82 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 684 Hiltunen, Jussi. Microstructure and superlattice effects on the optical properties 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 of ferroelectric thin films. 2008. 82 p. + app. 42 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 685 Miettinen, Tuukka. Resource monitoring and visualization of OSGi-based software 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 components. 2008. 107 p. + app. 3 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 686 Hanhijärvi, Antti & Ranta-Maunus, Alpo. Development of strength grading of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 timber using combined measurement techniques. Report of the Combigrade-project 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 – phase 2. 2008. 55 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 687 Mirianon, Florian, Fortino, Stefania & Toratti, Tomi. A method to model wood by 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 using ABAQUS finite element software. Part 1. Constitutive model and 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 computational details. 2008. 51 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 688 Hirvonen, Mervi. Performance enhancement of small antennas and applications in 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 RFID. 2008. 45 p. + app. 57 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 689 Setälä, Harri. Regio- and stereoselectivity of oxidative coupling reactions of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 phenols. Spirodienones as construction units in lignin. 2008. 104 p. + app. 38 p. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234 690 Mirianon, Florian, Fortino, Stefania & Toratti, Tomi. A method to model wood by using ABAQUS finite element software. Part 2. Application to dowel type connections. 2008. 55 p. + app. 3 p. 691 Räty, Tomi. Architectural Improvements for Mobile Ubiquitous Surveillance Systems. 2008. 106 p. + app. 55 p. Suvi T. Häkkinen 692 Keränen, Kimmo. Photonic module integration based on silicon, ceramic and plastic technologies. 2008. 101 p. + app. 693 Selinheimo, Emilia. Tyrosinase and laccase as novel crosslinking tools for food A functional genomics approach to biopolymers. 2008. 114 p. + app. 62 p. 694 Puolitaival, Olli-Pekka. Adapting model-based testing to agile context. 2008. 69 p. + the study of alkaloid biosynthesis and app. 6 p. 695 Pikkarainen, Minna. Towards a Framework for Improving Software Development metabolism in Nicotiana tabacum and Process Mediated with CMMI Goals and Agile Practices. 2008. 119 p. + app. 193 p. 696 Häkkinen, Suvi T. A functional genomics approach to the study of alkaloid Hyoscyamus muticus cell cultures biosynthesis and metabolism in Nicotiana tabacum and Hyoscyamus muticus cell cultures. 2008. 90 s. + liitt. 49 s. Julkaisu on saatavana Publikationen distribueras av This publication is available from VTT VTT VTT PL 1000 PB 1000 P.O. Box 1000 02044 VTT 02044 VTT FI-02044 VTT, Finland Puh. 020 722 4520 Tel. 020 722 4520 Phone internat. + 358 20 722 4520 http://www.vtt.fi http://www.vtt.fi http://www.vtt.fi ISBN 978-951-38-7123-9 (soft back ed.) ISBN 978-951-38-7124-6 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) ISSN 1235-0621 (soft back ed.) ISSN 1455-0849 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) VTT PUBLICATIONS 696 A functional genomics approach to the study of alkaloid biosynthesis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Placenta, Pericarp, and Seeds of Tabasco Chili Pepper Fruits Show a Contrasting Diversity of Bioactive Metabolites
    H OH metabolites OH Article Placenta, Pericarp, and Seeds of Tabasco Chili Pepper Fruits Show a Contrasting Diversity of Bioactive Metabolites Felipe Cervantes-Hernández, Paul Alcalá-González, Octavio Martínez and José Juan Ordaz-Ortiz * Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Km. 9.6, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Gto. 36824, Mexico; [email protected] (F.C.-H.); [email protected] (P.A.-G.); [email protected] (O.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 August 2019; Accepted: 23 September 2019; Published: 28 September 2019 Abstract: Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide, and its unique organoleptic properties and health benefits have been established for centuries. However, there is little knowledge about how metabolites are distributed throughout fruit parts. This work focuses on the use of liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS) to estimate the global metabolite profiles of the pericarp, placenta, and seeds of Tabasco pepper fruits (Capsicum frutescens L.) at the red mature stage of ripening. Our main results putatively identified 60 differential compounds between these tissues and seeds. Firstly, we found that pericarp has a higher content of glycosides, showing on average a fold change of 5 and a fold change of 14 for terpenoids when compared with other parts of the fruit. While placenta was the richest tissue in capsaicinoid-related compounds, alkaloids, and tocopherols, with a 35, 3, and 7 fold change, respectively. However, the seeds were richer in fatty acids and saponins with fold changes of 86 and 224, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropane and Granatane Alkaloid Biosynthesis: a Systematic Analysis
    Office of Biotechnology Publications Office of Biotechnology 11-11-2016 Tropane and Granatane Alkaloid Biosynthesis: A Systematic Analysis Neill Kim Texas Tech University Olga Estrada Texas Tech University Benjamin Chavez Texas Tech University Charles Stewart Jr. Iowa State University, [email protected] John C. D’Auria Texas Tech University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/biotech_pubs Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons, and the Biotechnology Commons Recommended Citation Kim, Neill; Estrada, Olga; Chavez, Benjamin; Stewart, Charles Jr.; and D’Auria, John C., "Tropane and Granatane Alkaloid Biosynthesis: A Systematic Analysis" (2016). Office of Biotechnology Publications. 11. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/biotech_pubs/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of Biotechnology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Office of Biotechnology Publicationsy b an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tropane and Granatane Alkaloid Biosynthesis: A Systematic Analysis Abstract The tropane and granatane alkaloids belong to the larger pyrroline and piperidine classes of plant alkaloids, respectively. Their core structures share common moieties and their scattered distribution among angiosperms suggest that their biosynthesis may share common ancestry in some orders, while they may be independently derived in others. Tropane and granatane alkaloid diversity arises from the myriad modifications occurring ot their core ring structures. Throughout much of human history, humans have cultivated tropane- and granatane-producing plants for their medicinal properties. This manuscript will discuss the diversity of their biological and ecological roles as well as what is known about the structural genes and enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Production in Somatic Embryo of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma Longifoliajack.)
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Chemistry 13 ( 2014 ) 112 – 118 International Seminar on Natural Product Medicines, ISNPM 2012 Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Production in Somatic Embryo of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifoliaJack.) Iriawatia*, Andira Rahmawatia, Rizkita R. Esyantia 1School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) has been known as a plants that can produce secondary metabolites for medicinal purposes such as: aphrosidiac, antimalaria, dysentri, antitumor, etc. Poor seed germination of pasak bumi will affect the avaibility of plant material for drug extraction. Over exploitation of this plant will also reduce plant population in its natural habitat. In vitro culture, i.e. through somatic embryogenesis, therefore, can be used as one of an alternative method for plant regeneration as well as for in vitro metabolite production. Based on this reason, the research has been done with an objective to analyze the presence of secondary metabolite in somatic embryo of pasak bumi. Seed-derived callus was used as an explant. This callus was maintained to proliferate in MS (Murashige&Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 2.25 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L kinetin. A half gram of callus from proliferation medium was transferred into the MS liquid medium containing 1.0 or 2.25 mg/L 2,4-D, and 2.0 mg/L BAP or 2.0 mg/L kinetin. Histochemical examination using Jeffrey’s reagen and neutral red showed that alkaloid and terpenoid substances were presence in somatic embryo of pasakbumi.
    [Show full text]
  • Honeybees and Nectar Nicotine: Deterrence and Reduced
    1 Honeybees and nectar nicotine: deterrence and reduced 2 survival versus potential health benefits 3 4 5 Angela Köhler*, Christian W.W. Pirk and Susan W. Nicolson 6 7 8 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa 9 10 11 *Author for correspondence 12 Email: [email protected] 13 Postal address: Dept. Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 14 0028, Pretoria, South Africa 15 Phone +27 12 420 4872 16 Fax +27 12 362 5242 17 1 18 Abstract 19 Secondary metabolites produced by plants for herbivore defence are often found in floral nectar, 20 but their effect on the foraging behaviour and physiological performance of pollinators is largely 21 unknown. Nicotine is highly toxic to most herbivores, and nicotine-based insecticides may 22 contribute to current pollinator declines. We examined the effects of nectar nicotine on honeybee 23 foraging choices and worker longevity. Free-flying honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) workers 24 from six colonies were given a choice between multiple nicotine concentrations (0–1000 µM) in 25 artificial nectar (0.15–0.63 M sucrose). The dose-dependent deterrent effect of nicotine was 26 stronger in lower sugar concentrations, but even the highest nicotine concentrations did not 27 completely repel honeybees, i.e. bees did not stop feeding on these diets. Nicotine in nectar acts 28 as a partial repellent, which may keep pollinators moving between plants and enhance cross- 29 pollination. In the second part of the study, newly emerged workers from 12 colonies were caged 30 and fed one of four nicotine concentrations (0–300 µM) in 0.63 M sucrose for 21 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Unbiased Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace Of
    Kusano et al. BMC Res Notes (2016) 9:133 DOI 10.1186/s13104-016-1942-5 BMC Research Notes RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Unbiased profiling of volatile organic compounds in the headspace of Allium plants using an in‑tube extraction device Miyako Kusano1,2*, Makoto Kobayashi2, Yumiko Iizuka2,3, Atsushi Fukushima2 and Kazuki Saito2,4 Abstract Background: Plants produce and emit important volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have an essential role in biotic and abiotic stress responses and in plant–plant and plant–insect interactions. In order to study the bouquets from plants qualitatively and quantitatively, a comprehensive, analytical method yielding reproducible results is required. Results: We applied in-tube extraction (ITEX) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for studying the emissions of Allium plants. The collected HS samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (GC-TOF–MS), and the results were subjected to multivariate analysis. In case of ITEX-method Allium cultivars released more than 300 VOCs, out of which we provisionally identified 50 volatiles. We also used the VOC profiles of Allium samples to discriminate among groups of A. fistulosum, A. chinense (rakkyo), and A. tuberosum (Oriental garlic). As we found 12 metabolite peaks including dipropyl disulphide with significant changes in A. chinense and A. tuberosum when compared to the control cultivar, these metabolite peaks can be used for chemotaxonomic classification of A. chinense, tuberosum, and A. fistulosum. Conclusions: Compared to SPME-method our ITEX-based VOC profiling technique contributes to automatic and reproducible analyses. Hence, it can be applied to high-throughput analyses such as metabolite profiling.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Products (Secondary Metabolites)
    Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants, B. Buchanan, W. Gruissem, R. Jones, Eds. © 2000, American Society of Plant Physiologists CHAPTER 24 Natural Products (Secondary Metabolites) Rodney Croteau Toni M. Kutchan Norman G. Lewis CHAPTER OUTLINE Introduction Introduction Natural products have primary ecological functions. 24.1 Terpenoids 24.2 Synthesis of IPP Plants produce a vast and diverse assortment of organic compounds, 24.3 Prenyltransferase and terpene the great majority of which do not appear to participate directly in synthase reactions growth and development. These substances, traditionally referred to 24.4 Modification of terpenoid as secondary metabolites, often are differentially distributed among skeletons limited taxonomic groups within the plant kingdom. Their functions, 24.5 Toward transgenic terpenoid many of which remain unknown, are being elucidated with increas- production ing frequency. The primary metabolites, in contrast, such as phyto- 24.6 Alkaloids sterols, acyl lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and organic acids, are 24.7 Alkaloid biosynthesis found in all plants and perform metabolic roles that are essential 24.8 Biotechnological application and usually evident. of alkaloid biosynthesis Although noted for the complexity of their chemical structures research and biosynthetic pathways, natural products have been widely per- 24.9 Phenylpropanoid and ceived as biologically insignificant and have historically received lit- phenylpropanoid-acetate tle attention from most plant biologists. Organic chemists, however, pathway metabolites have long been interested in these novel phytochemicals and have 24.10 Phenylpropanoid and investigated their chemical properties extensively since the 1850s. phenylpropanoid-acetate Studies of natural products stimulated development of the separa- biosynthesis tion techniques, spectroscopic approaches to structure elucidation, and synthetic methodologies that now constitute the foundation of 24.11 Biosynthesis of lignans, lignins, contemporary organic chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Alkaloids
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Pedagogická fakulta Katedra fyziky, chemie a odborného vzdělávání Introduction to Alkaloids Bakalářská práce Brno 2017 Vedoucí práce: Autor práce: Mgr. Jiří Šibor, Ph.D. Aleš Bárta Prohlášení: „Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně, s využitím pouze citovaných pramenů, dalších informací a zdrojů v souladu s Disciplinárním řádem pro studenty Pedagogické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů.“ V Brně dne: 28.3.2017 ………………….. Aleš Bárta 2 Acknowledgement: I would like to thank to Mgr. Jiří Šibor, Ph.D. not only for the help he provided me with but also for his endless patience during our sessions which helped me complete this bachelor thesis. 3 Obsah INTRODUCTION AND GOALS .............................................................................................. 6 WORKING APPROACH .......................................................................................................... 7 1 ALKALOIDS – CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................. 8 1.1 HISTORY OF ALKALOID CHEMISTRY ................................................................................ 11 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF ALKALOID FORMATION FOR THE PRODUCER ORGANISM .................... 11 1.3 APPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................... 11
    [Show full text]
  • Primary and Secondary Metabolites
    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES INRODUCTION Metabolism-Metabolism constituents all the chemical transformations occurring in the cells of living organisms and these transformations are essential for life of an organism. Metabolites-End product of metabolic processes and intermediates formed during metabolic processes is called metabolites. Types of Metabolites Primary Secondary metabolites metabolites Primary metabolites A primary metabolite is a kind of metabolite that is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction. It usually performs a physiological function in the organism (i.e. an intrinsic function). A primary metabolite is typically present in many organisms or cells. It is also referred to as a central metabolite, which has an even more restricted meaning (present in any autonomously growing cell or organism). Some common examples of primary metabolites include: ethanol, lactic acid, and certain amino acids. In higher plants such compounds are often concentrated in seeds and vegetative storage organs and are needed for physiological development because of their role in basic cell metabolism. As a general rule, primary metabolites obtained from higher plants for commercial use are high volume-low value bulk chemicals. They are mainly used as industrial raw materials, foods, or food additives and include products such as vegetable oils, fatty acids (used for making soaps and detergents), and carbohydrates (for example, sucrose, starch, pectin, and cellulose). However, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, myoinositol and ß-carotene are expensive primary metabolites because their extraction, isolation, and purification are difficult. carbohydr -ates hormones proteins Examples Nucleic lipids acids A plant produces primary metabolites that are involved in growth and metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites
    Medicines 2015, 2, 251-286; doi:10.3390/medicines2030251 OPEN ACCESS medicines ISSN 2305-6320 www.mdpi.com/journal/medicines Review Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites Michael Wink Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-6221-544-881; Fax: +49-6221-544-884 Academic Editor: Shufeng Zhou Received: 13 August 2015 / Accepted: 31 August 2015 / Published: 8 September 2015 Abstract: Plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM) which serve them as defense compounds against herbivores, and other plants and microbes, but also as signal compounds. In general, SM exhibit a wide array of biological and pharmacological properties. Because of this, some plants or products isolated from them have been and are still used to treat infections, health disorders or diseases. This review provides evidence that many SM have a broad spectrum of bioactivities. They often interact with the main targets in cells, such as proteins, biomembranes or nucleic acids. Whereas some SM appear to have been optimized on a few molecular targets, such as alkaloids on receptors of neurotransmitters, others (such as phenolics and terpenoids) are less specific and attack a multitude of proteins by building hydrogen, hydrophobic and ionic bonds, thus modulating their 3D structures and in consequence their bioactivities. The main modes of action are described for the major groups of common plant secondary metabolites. The multitarget activities of many SM can explain the medical application of complex extracts from medicinal plants for more health disorders which involve several targets.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropine Dehydrogenase: Purification, Some Properties and an Evaluation of Its Role in the Bacterial Metabolism of Tropine Barbara A
    Biochem. J. (1995) 307, 603-608 (Printed in Great Britain) 603 Tropine dehydrogenase: purification, some properties and an evaluation of its role in the bacterial metabolism of tropine Barbara A. BARTHOLOMEW, Michael J. SMITH, Marianne T. LONG, Paul J. DARCY, Peter W. TRUDGILL and David J. HOPPER* Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 3DD, Wales, U.K. Tropine dehydrogenase was induced by growth of Pseudomonas number of related compounds. The apparent Kms were 6.06 ,uM AT3 on atropine, tropine or tropinone. It was NADP+-dependent for tropine and 73.4,M for nortropine with the specificity and gave no activity with NADI. The enzyme was very unstable constant (Vmax/Km) for tropine 7.8 times that for pseudotropine. but a rapid purification procedure using affinity chromatography The apparent Km for NADP+ was 48 ,uM. The deuterium of [3- that gave highly purified enzyme was developed. The enzyme 2H]tropine and [3-2H]pseudotropine was retained when these gave a single band on isoelectric focusing with an isoelectric compounds were converted into 6-hydroxycyclohepta- 1 ,4-dione, point at approximately pH 4. The native enzyme had an Mr of an intermediate in tropine catabolism, showing that the tropine 58000 by gel filtration and 28000 by SDS/PAGE and therefore dehydrogenase, although induced by growth on tropine, is not consists of two subunits of equal size. The enzyme displayed a involved in the catabolic pathway for this compound. 6-Hydroxy- narrow range of specificity and was active with tropine and cyclohepta-1,4-dione was also implicated as an intermediate in nortropine but not with pseudotropine, pseudonortropine, or a the pathways for pseudotropine and tropinone catabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Volatile Compounds Induce Production of the Secondary
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fungal volatile compounds induce production of the secondary metabolite Sodorifen in Serratia Received: 16 November 2016 Accepted: 16 March 2017 plymuthica PRI-2C Published: xx xx xxxx Ruth Schmidt1, Victor de Jager1, Daniela Zühlke4, Christian Wolff4, Jörg Bernhardt4, Katarina Cankar3, Jules Beekwilder3, Wilfred van Ijcken 5, Frank Sleutels5, Wietse de Boer1,2, Katharina Riedel4 & Paolina Garbeva1 The ability of bacteria and fungi to communicate with each other is a remarkable aspect of the microbial world. It is recognized that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) act as communication signals, however the molecular responses by bacteria to fungal VOCs remain unknown. Here we perform transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of Serratia plymuthica PRI-2C exposed to VOCs emitted by the fungal pathogen Fusarium culmorum. We find that the bacterium responds to fungal VOCs with changes in gene and protein expression related to motility, signal transduction, energy metabolism, cell envelope biogenesis, and secondary metabolite production. Metabolomic analysis of the bacterium exposed to the fungal VOCs, gene cluster comparison, and heterologous co-expression of a terpene synthase and a methyltransferase revealed the production of the unusual terpene sodorifen in response to fungal VOCs. These results strongly suggest that VOCs are not only a metabolic waste but important compounds in the long-distance communication between fungi and bacteria. Interactions and communication among organisms are central to understanding any ecosystem. The essential role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the communication with other organisms, also known as infochemi- cals, has been acknowledged for more than 30 years1. However, their ecological functions have been mainly stud- ied for aboveground plant-plant and plant-insect interactions2, 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Years of Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Phytochemistry Q ⇑ Geoffrey A
    Phytochemistry 91 (2013) 29–51 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Phytochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem Review Fifty years of alkaloid biosynthesis in Phytochemistry q ⇑ Geoffrey A. Cordell Natural Products Inc., Evanston, IL, USA Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA article info abstract Article history: An overview is presented of the studies related to the biosynthesis of alkaloids published in Phytochem- Available online 20 June 2012 istry in the past 50 years. Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Alkaloids Biosynthesis Overview Contents 1. Introduction . ....................................................................................................... 30 1.1. Ornithine-derived alkaloids . .......................................................................... 30 1.2. Nicotine . .......................................................................................... 31 1.3. Tropane alkaloids . .......................................................................................... 33 1.4. Calystegines . .......................................................................................... 34 1.5. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. .......................................................................................... 34 1.6. Retronecine . .......................................................................................... 34 1.7. Lysine-derived alkaloids . .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]