CORRUBEDO NATURAL PARRK
Aerial photo of the area taken by plane.
Introduction The Corrubedo Sand-Dunes and Carregal and Vixán lagoons Natural Park was given protected status on 5th June 1992. This natural park is located in the Barbanza Peninsula and belongs to the municipality of Ribeira (A Coruña province, Galicia. Spain). It is one of the most remarkable and interesting sites in Galician nature. A nature reserve is an area of a territory, not very transformed or spoilt by human activities and habitation, and due to the beauty of its landscape, the uniqueness of its ecosystems, fauna, flora and geology, has ecological, aesthetic, educational and scientific values, its protection deserves special atention. In that way that was written down inn the Law 9/2001 (21th August 2001), related to nature preservationn in Galicia. 1
Physicaal environment The coast along the Corrubedo bay is low, with wide areas of sandy beacches. The wind-related movemnt of this sandy deposits make possible the development of seashore belts of dunes, often more or less colonized by halophitic vegetation. The wind-related movement of seashore belts of dunes, often more or less colonized by halophitic vegetation. This strong wind activity formed a mobile duune, the biggest in Northwestern Iberia, more than 1 km long and between 200-300 m wide, with 12--15 m at its highest Northeast. The dunar belt dammed up the waters, so we have Carregal lagoon, that is fflooted and drained in relation to tidal movements, so we have a maarsh here. Vixán lagoon, more properly a lake, was created by a similar process. Nowadaays is connected to the sea only in equinoctial periods. The freshwater character of this lake gives itt a different ecological background compared with the brackish Carregal marsh.
The river network of the Corrubedo Park.
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Flora We can find in the natural park a wide representation of the botanic communities belongning to the marshes, lagoons and beaches in the galician shore. Here we have a noteworthy place to watch this unique and interesting flora. Its variaety is the characteristic that makes this place different. In the dunes, sandy grasslands and in the nearby wtlands we can find 237 plant species (23 of them legally protected, because of their status of rarities or endemics). We also can find pinewoods, mixed with common oak, alder, willos and cultures, due to the human activities in the area.
Fauna The complex and diverse habitats of the nature reserve make possible the ocurrence of a great number of animal species. In 14 amphibian species recorded in Galicia, 10 are known to be resident in the natural park. We can find 14 different reptile species, in 20 recorded in the whole of Galicia, and also a huge representation of mammals and marine and coastal species. Its ornithological value is plain to see because this nature reserve was included in the International Important Wetlands Convention (Ramsar, 2th February 1971). We can distinguish three areas for birds: Carregal marshes: they gather a great number of gulls and plovers. Vixán lake: with a surrounding reed belt has the main species of ducks and rallidae. The sea: we can find there divers, scoters and shags. As breeding species we can find the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), coot (Fulica atra) and the kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus). The latest show an important number of breeding pairs in the entire Galician population.
Historical and archaeological heritage The park and its surroundings show different samples of archaeological and ethnographic heritage. Pipín burial mound. It's a burial chamber ("mámoa" in Galician language), normally circular in shape, formed by several large stones belonging to the Neolithic culture characteristic northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It is more than 5,000 years old. Another megalithic monument from this period and near Corrubedo is the Axeitos dolmen. Castro of Baixo Porto. A Celtic “castro” is a fortified pre-Roman town usually, although there are examples below that lasted until the Middle Ages, present especially in the northwest and in parts of the plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. Its are small fortified settlements formed by circular buildings and located predominantly on the coast and in strategic places on inland. Castros and mámoas are two of the most notable of which is now known as the ancient Celtic culture, which extends around Ireland, southern England and the west coast of France. The Porto de Baixo castro is 3000 years old and it is situated near the sea. Amendo mills. Despite the small gap that must navigate the rivers of the park, in the area there were several water mills, of which these two are preserved and arranged today. The area has many other signs of this rich etnographic heritage such as tile furnaces, granaries named “hórreos” in Galician language (high rectangular building on a stone base to store grain or agricultural products), stone fences, stone circular dovecotes...
In this guide scientific species names are in italics, in English they are in black, red in Spanish and green in Galician.
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Pipín mámoa Castro of Baiixxo Porto
Sights in the Corrubedo Natural Park (in Galician langn uage)
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STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN THE CORRUBEDO NATIOONAL PARK 25TH OCTOBER, 2014 Visitor reception centre in Corrubedo Park Towards the park interpretation classroom
Inside the park interpretation classroom
Different fishing geara Towards the Vilar beach thhrrough Pinus pinaster forest
Gateway to access the Vilar beach Pipín Celtic tomb, covered by lichens
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Pinus radiata, a pine reforestation in the past Pinus pinaster, widespread pine on the Galician coast
A big specimen of Pinus pinaster "Hórreo", Galician storehouse for agricultural products
Phragmites australis (common reed) Mendo river passing near a water mill
Laurus nobilis and Callitriche stagnalis in the Mendo river Laurel (Laurus nobilis) in bloom
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Common willow (Salix atrocinerea) Fireplace and stone wheel in the water mill
Line of wickeer (Salix viminalis) Common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
Vixán lagoon surrounded by reed (Phragmites australis). At the bottom, the Corrubedo village
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Tent bird watching Teacher and studentts watching birds
Ducks and other Anatidae in the Vixán lagoon
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Group photo at the end of the tour, right next to the Vixán lagoon
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Flora of Vixán lagoon and surrounding area The Amendo River flows into the Vixán lake. This lake and its biodiversity the main object of study of this work. The biodiversity of the area presented in three tables: one on the flora, another on birds and one on the other vertebrates including some relevant species of invertebrates.
The lagoon and marshes species
The lagoon, with fresh water preferably, many common reeds (Phragmites australis) accompanied by Branched bur-reed (Sparganium erectum), lake sedge (Scirpus lacustris), sea rush (Scirpus maritimus), common plantain (Plantago major), wolf mint (Lycopus europaeus) and Oenanthe fistulosa. The long-bracted sedge (Carex extensa) dominates the nearest ocean margin. Lotus maritimus, petticoat daffodil (Narcissus bulbocodium), purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea), changing forget-me-not (Miosotis discolor), Panicum repens, Paspalum vaginatum, Ranunculus bulbosus, creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and greater creeping spearwort (Ranunculus flammula) appears in wet meadow, the latter two poisonous to livestock. As aquatic plants include algae Chara vulgaris, Nitella tenuissima, Najas marina, Najas marina and Ruppia maritima, the latter in the muddy bottoms. Among the aquatic plants there are floating pondweed (Potamogeton natans and Potamogeton pectinatus) and pond water crowfoot (Ranunculus omiophyllus and R. peltatus). Besides these, in pools of sweet and calm water there are: pond water- starwort (Callitriche stagnalis) and carnivorous common bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris) (this remains under water except his yellow flowers). In areas of more freshwater lagoon Carregal, are frequent common duckweed (Lemna minor) tapestries forming on the surface of the water appears.
The tree and shrub vegetation
The tree vegetation surrounding this space is represented by maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) with poor understory largely of western brackenfern (Pteridium aquilinum). There are also sweet bay (Laurus nobilis) and shrub vegetation composed of heather (Erica spp., and Calluna vulgaris), broom (Cytisus spp.), common gorse (Ulex europaeus), besides blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) spurge flax (Daphne gnidium), butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus), etc., as well as other typical ruderal species like nettles (Urtica spp.) and stramonium (Datura stramonium). In the past, tamarind (Tamarix gallica) there been planted in the border of Carregal lake, an area in which there are alder (Alnus glutinosa), ash gray willow (Salix atrocinerea) and white willow (Salix salvifolia).
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The lagoon and marshes speciees Phragmites australis (common reed, Sparganium erectum (Branched bur-reed, carrizo, carrizo) platanaria, esparganio)
Scirpus lacustris (lake sedge, Scirpus (Bolboschoenus) maritimus (sea rush, junco de lacustre, xunco de lagoa) juncia marina,, escirpo)
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Plantago major (common plantain, Lycopus europaeuus (wolf mint, llantén mayor, chantán) menta de lobo, marrubio acuático)
Carex extensa (long-bracted sedge, buño) Narcissus bulbocodium (petticoat daffodil, narciso acampanado o campanilla, flor de san Xosé)
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Molinia caerulea (purple moor grass, Myosotis discolor (changging forget-me-not, molinia,, molinea) nomeolvides, mmiosotis)
Ranunculus flammula (greater creeping spearwort, Potamogeton natans (flfloating pondweed, flámula, herba de ouro, buugallón) espiga de agua, esppiga de auga)
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Calllitriche stagnalis (water-starwort, Utricularia vulgaris (common bladderwort, bricio, estrella de primavera, herba lameiriña) lentibularia)
Eleocharis palustris (marsh spike-rush, junco Lemna minor (also present in Carregal lagoon) palustre, eleocaris) (common duckweed, lenteja de agua, lentella de auga)
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The tree and shrub vegetation Pinus pinaster (maritime pine pino marítimo, piñeiro bravo) Pinus pinaster (fruit)
Pinus radiata (Monterey pine, pino insigne o de Monterrey, piñeiro de repoboación) Pinus radiatta (fruit)
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Erica spp. (this photo is Erica tetralix) (heather, Calluna vulgariis (heather, brezo, queiruga) brezo, queiiruga)
Cytisus spp (C. scoparius) (broom, Ulex europaeus (common gorse. retama de escobas, xesta) tojo, toxo)
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Rubus spp (R.fruticosus) (blackberry, Daphne gnidium (spurge flax, zarzamora, silva) torvisco, trovisco)
Ruscus aculeatus (butcher’s broom, Urtica spp. (U. dioica) (nettles, rusco, xilbarbeira) ortigas, esttrrugas)
Datura stramonium (stramonium, estramonio, herba do demo)
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Tamarix gallica (tamarind, tamarindo, tamarxeira)
Salix saalvifolia (= S. atrocinerea) (white Alnus glutinosa (alder, aliso, ameneiro) willow, baardaguera blaanca, salgueiro nodoso)
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Fauna of Vixán lagoon area (excluding birds)
Amphibia
In Corrubedo Park there are 10 species of anphibia: marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus), palmate newt (Triturus helveticus), Bosca's newt (Triturus boscai), fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans), Spanish spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), common toad (Bufo bufo), natterjack toad (Bufo calamita), Iberian green frog (Rana perezi) and European tree frog (Hyla arborea formerly Rana arborea).
Reptiles
The reptiles are well represented in this area with the following species: ocellated lizard (Lacerta lepida), Iberian emerald lizard or Schreiber's green lizard (Lacerta schreiberi), Bocage's wall lizard (Podarcis bocagei), Iberian Wall Lizard (Lacerta hispanica), Large Psammodromus (Psammodromus algirus), three-toed skink (Chalcides chalcides), slowworm (Anguis fragilis), smooth snake (Coronella austriaca), southern smooth snake (Coronella girondica), ladder snake (Elaphe scalaris), grass snake (Natrix natrix), viperine water snake (Natrix maura), Iberian cross adder (Vipera seoanei) and European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis).
Mammals (including two marine cetacean mammals)
Among the most importante mammals to quote are: European badger (Meles meles), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European otter (Lutra lutra), short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).
Insects
We highlight only as something special the beautiful Old World Swallowtail (Papilio machaon), which today lies within the category of protected species, being one of the most amazing butterfly in Europe.
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Amphibians Triturus marmoratus (marbled newt, tritón jaspeado, pintafontes verde)
Triturus helveticus (palmate newt, Triturus boscai (Bosca's newt, tritóón palmeado, pintafontes palmado) tritón ibérico, pintafontes común)
Salamandra salamandra (fire salamander, salamandra común, pínntega)
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Alytes obstetricans (common midwife toad, Pelobates cultripes (Spanish spadefoot toad, sapo partero común, sapiño comadrón) sapo de espuelas, sapo de esporóns)
Bufo bufo (common toad, Bubo calamita (nnaatterjack toad, sapo común, sapo común) sapo corredor, sapo corriqueiro)
Rana perezi (Iberian green frog, Hyla arborea (European tree frog, rana común, rá verde) ranita de san Anttonio, estroza)
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Reptiles Lacerta lepida (ocellated lizard, lagarto ocelado, lagarto arnal)
Lacerta schreiberi (Iberian emerald lizard, lagarto verdinegro, lagarto das silvas)
Podarcis bocagei (Bocage's wall lizard, Podarcis hispanica (Ibberian Wall Lizard, laagartija gallega, lagartixa galega) lagartija ibérico, lagartixa dos penedos)
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Psammodromus algirus (Large Psammodromus, Chalcides chalcides (tthree-toed skink, lagartija colilarga, lagartixa rabuda) eslizón común, esgonzo común)
Anguis fragilis (slowworm, Coronella austriaca (smooth snake, lución, escáncer común) culebra lisa europea, cobrra lagarteira común)
Coronella girondica (southern smooth snake, Elaphe scalaris (lladder snake, culebra lisa meridional, cobra lagarteira meridional) culebra de escalera,, serpe riscada)
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Natrix natrix (grass snake, culebra de collar, cobra de colar)
Natrix maura (viperine water snake, culebra viperina, cobra viperina)
Vipera seoanei (Iberian cross adder, víbora de Seoane o cantabrica, víbora de Seoane)
Emys orbicularis (European pond turtle, galápago europeo, sapo-concho común)
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Mammals (including two marine cetacean mammals) Meles meles (European badger, tejón común, porco teixo)
Vulpes vulpes (red fox, zorro, raposo)
Lutra lutra (European otter, nutria, londra)
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Delphinus delphis (short-beaked common dolphin, delfín común, golfiño común)
Tursiops truncatus (common bottlenose dolphin, delfín mular, arroaz real)
Insects
Papilio machaon (Old WWorld Swallowtail, macaón, macaón)
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Birds of Vixán lagoon area The largest number of gulls and waders are found in the marsh and in the lagoon.
Gulls (Laridae and Sternidae)
Among Laridae we can highlight these species: yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis, Laus cachinnans), black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus or Chroicocephalus ridibundus), little gull (Hydrocoloeus minutus or Larus minutus), Sandwich tern (Sterna sandivicensis or Thalasseus sandvicensis), common tern (Sterna hirundo), great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and common shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis).
Mud-living (wading) birds
As most representative wadings we can cite the following species: oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), Eurasian stone-curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus), Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), common ringed plover or ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula), ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), European golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria), grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola), northern lapwing or peewit (Vanellus vanellus), red knot (Calidris canutus), sanderling (Calidris alba), little stint (Calidris minuta), long-billed dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus), dunlin (Calidris alpina), common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), common redshank or simply redshank (Tringa totanus), common greenshank (Tringa nebularia), green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus) and Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos).
Wading birds that feed on the marsh vegetation
There are four of these species living in this area: grey heron (Ardea cinerea), Eurasian spoonbill or common spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), little egret (Egretta garzetta) and little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus).
Ducks and other Anatidae
There are many species in this area, being the most notable the folowing: mute swan (Cygnus olor), whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), wild duck or mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), pintail or northern pintail (Anas acuta), widgeon or Eurasian widgeon (Anas penelope), gadwall (Anas strepera), northern shoveler (Anas clypeata), barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis), common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), greylag goose (Anser anser), garganey (Anas querquedula), common teal (Anas crecca), common pochard (Aythya ferina), tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), The common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) (also known as the “swamp chicken”), water rail (Rallus aquaticus)...
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Gulls (Laridae and Sternidae) larus michahellis (yellow-legged gull, Larus ridibundus (black-headed gull, gaviota patiamarilla, gaivota patiamarela) gaviota reidora, gaiivota chorona)
Larus minutus (little gull, Sterna sandivicensis (Sandwich tern, gaviota enana, gaivota pequena) charrán patinegro, carrán cristado)
Sterna hirundo (coommon tern, charrán común, carrán carrán)
Phalacrocorax carbo (great cormorant, Phalacrocorax aristotellis (common shag, cormorán grande, corvo mariño real) cormorán moñudo, corvo mariño cristado)
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Mud-living (wading) birds Haemotopus ostralegus (oystercatcher, Recurvirostra avocetta (pied avocet, ostrero, gabita) avoceta común, avoceta)
Burhinus oedicnemus (Eurasian stone-curlew, Charadrius alexandrinus (Kentish plover, alcaraván común, pernileiro) chorlitejo patinegro, píllara papuda)
Charadrius hiaticula (common ringed plover, Arenaria interpres (ruddy turnstone, chorlitejo grande, píllara real) vuelvepiedras comúún, píllara riscada)
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Numenius phaeopus (whimbrel, Numenius arquata (Eurasian curlew, zarapito trinadoor, mazarico galego) zarapito real, mazarico curlí)
Limosa lapponica (bar-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa (black-tailed godwit, aguja colipinta, rmazarico rabipinto) aguja colinegra, mazarico rabinegro)
Pluvialis apricaria (European golden plover, Pluvialis squatarola (grey plover, chorlitejo dorado común, píllara dourada grande) chorlito gris, píllara cincenta)
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Vanellus vanellus (northern lapwing, Calidris canutuss (red knot, avefría, avefría) correlimos gordo, pilro groso)
Calidris alba (sanderling, Calidris minuta (little stint, correlimos tridáctilo, pilro buulebule) correlimos chico, pilriño patimouro)
Calidris alpina (dunlin, Limnodromus scolopaceus (llong-billed dowitcher, correlimos común, pirlo curlibico) aguja escolopácea, becaacina escolopácea)
Gallinago gallinago (common snipe, Tringa nebularia (common greenshank, agaachadiza común, becacina cabra) archibebe claro, bilurico pativerde)
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Tringa totanus (common redshank, Tringa ochropus (green sandpipere , archibebe común, bilurico común) archibebe grande, biluurico alinegro)
Actitis hypoleucos (common Sandpiper, andarríos chico, bilurico bailón)
Wading birds that feed on the marsh vegetation Ardea cinerea (grey heron, Platalea leucorodia (Eurasian spoonbill, garza real, garza real) espátula común, cullereiro)
Egretta garzetta (little egret, Isobrychus minutus (little bittern, garceta común, garzota) avetorillo común, garza pequena)
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Ducks and other Anatidae in the lagoon and marsh Cygnus olor (mute swan, Cygnus cygnus (whooper swan, cisne vulgar, cisne real) cisne cantor, cissne grande)
Anas platyrhynchos (wild duck, anas acuta (nortthern pintail, ánade real, alavanco real) ánade rabudo, pato rabilongo)
Anas penelope (Eurasian widgeon, Anas streperaa (gadwall, silbón europeo, pato asubión) ánade friso, patto cincento)
Anas clypeata (northern shoveler, Branta leucopsis (barnacle goose, pato cuchara, pato cullerete) barnacla cariblanca,, ganso sangano)
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Tadorna tadorna (common shelduck, Anser anser (greylag goose, tarro blanco, pato branco) ánsar común, ansar cincento)
Anas querquedula (garganey, Anas crecca (coommon teal, cerceta carretona, cerceta do estío) cerceta común, cerceta real)
Aytthhya ferina (common pochard, Aythya fuligula (tufted duck, porrón europeo, parrulo chupón) porrón moñudo, parrulo cristado común)
Fulica atra (Eurasian coot, Gallinula chloropus (common moorhen, Rallus aquaticus (water rail, focha común, galiñola negra) gallineta común, galiña de río) rascón común, rascón de auga)
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Pelagic and forest birds related Vixán lagoon
Pelagic birds pelagic birds at sea near the Vixán lagoon
In this area we can see pelagic birds as Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus), Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), razorbill (Alca torda), common murre or common guillemot (Uria aalge), common scoter (Melanitta nigra), velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), common eider (Somateria mollissima) and long-tailed duck or oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis).
Birds of the forest near the Vixán lagoon
In the wooded area that contacts the Vixán lagoon the following birds of prey can be observed: common buzzard (Buteo buteo), common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), hen harrier (Circus cyaneus), Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus), western marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus), although the last three are very few. Besides, we can add two more birds of prey but in this case of nocturnal habits: little owl (Athene noctua) and barn owl (Tyto alba).
Finally, in this area may be more common birds that live in both forested areas and habitats with human presence. Among the most common are: common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis), woodlark or wood lark (Lullula arborea), common reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) and common linnet (Carduelis cannabina), great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), European robin (Erithacus rubecula) and Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes).
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Pelagic birds related Vixán lagoon Puffinus puffinus (Manx shearwater, Fratercula arctica (Atlantic puffin, pardela pichoneta, pardela furabuchos) frailecillo atlántico, arao papagaio)
Alca torda (razorbill, Uria aalge (common murre, alca común, arao romeiro) arao común, arao dos cons)
Melanitta nigra (common scoter, Melanitta fusca (velvet scotere , negrón común, parrulo pentumeiro común) negrón especulado, parrulo mourelo)
Bucephala clangula (goldeneye, Somateria mollisima (common Clangula hyemalis (long-tailed duck, porrón osculado, parrulo ollodouro) eider, éider común, éider) pato cola larga, parrulo rabudo)
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Birds of the forest near the Vixán lagoon Buteo buteo (common buzzard, Falco tinnunculus (common kestrel, ratonero común, miñato común) cernícalo vulgar, lagaarteiro peneireiro)
Circus cyaneus (hen harrier, Circus Pygargus (Montagu's harrier, aguilucho pálido, gatafornela) aguilucho cenizo, rapina cincenta)
Circus aeruginosus (western marsh harrier, Athene noctua (little owl, aguilucho lagunero occidental, rapina arpella) mochuelo común, moucho común)
Tyto alba (barn owl, lechuza común, curuxa común)
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Alceedo atthis (common kingfisher, Alauda arvensis (Eurasian skylark, martín pescador, martiño peixeiro) alondra común,, laverca)
Lullula arborea (woodlark, Emmberiza schoeniclus (common reed bunting, alondra totovía, cotovía pequena) escribano palustre, escribenta das canaveiras)
Carduelis cannabina (common linnet, Deendrocopos major (great sspotted woodpecker, pardillo común, liñaceiro común) pico picapinos, peto real)
Erithacus rubecula (European robin, Troglodytes troglodytes (Eurasian wren, petirrojo, paporrubio) carrizo comun, chochín)
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Video about Corrubedo Natural Park https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XeJid3PkmQ
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