Trip Report

DNS Northern Ecuador 3rd to 20th November 2014

Turquoise Jay by Harold Davis

Tour Leaders: Forrest Rowland & Joe Sebastiani RBT Private Ecuador Trip Report 2014 2

Top 10 birding highlights as voted by the participants:

1. Crested Owl 2. Torrent Duck 3. Sword-billed Hummingbird 4. Great Potoo 5. Banded Antbird 6. Andean Condor 7. Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe 8. Hoatzin 9. Wire-crested Thorntail 10. Golden-headed Quetzal

Tour Intro

Ecuador is nearly unparalleled. This once humble and relatively obscure country has become the most well-known of all the South American nations among birders, and is quickly being recognized, worldwide, as having the best infrastructure and highest quality of life for both the resident ex-pt living abroad, and the visiting tourist. Despite being no larger in size than the state of Colorado, and occupying less than one-quarter the size of the Republic of , Ecuador has 32% more species than the whole of North America and only 12% less than Colombia. The political boundaries of this nation include a few of the highest 10 peaks in the entire Andean chain, and also encompasses the humid rainforests of the Choco and Amazon lowlands. Even arid plains of the Tumbes region can be found within this small, yet infinitely diverse, country. In the North, two distinct Andean chains result in a dry Intern- Andean Valley, separate rain-shadows on the outer slopes, and every habitat that such a varied and rich equatorial topography could involve. The goal of this tour was to provide an introduction to each of these habitat zones. In most countries, 18 days would fall short in representation of such diversity. Distances would be too great, travel times prohibitive and, quite often, infrastructure in rural simply doesn’t allow for efficiency. Ecuador is such an amazing country to explore because it suffers none of these drawbacks! The Birding the Black Sendero Jumandy Trail by Harold Davis 771 bird species and 25 mammal species seen during our short time there are a testament to that.

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Tour Summary

Due to anomalous weather the past couple years, a prolonged rainy season and general late nesting- times prevailed. This meant that some species we would not have expected to be nesting, were, and others that we would have not expected to encounter, due to scarcity during nesting season, were easily found. Overall, this situation presented few difficulties, and we were able to record a number of species more typical to the standard 21-22 day tour we offer in Northern Ecuador. Of course, due to the same weather, we found ourselves wet on occasion, but much less than I would’ve expected given recent trends; basically, we got lucky all around! It was the case that, during the course of our days in Ecuador, we noted a few frequently encountered species as nearly absent, and found some normally gregarious species to be solitary and elusive. To a small extent, expectations given the weather and nesting were indeed the case. However, these instances were far outweighed by numerous close encounters with rare responding strongly, such as the pair of extremely range-restricted Cocha Antshrikes we found at Sani, which came right out for us!!! Or the Ocellated Tapaculo that came in to playback, sitting up on low limbs in clear view for all of us. In 16 birding days we saw, collectively, 704 species Orange-breasted Fruiteater by Harold of birds and heard another 67, not to mention the 25 Davis species of mammals we encountered (including the Olinguito, only described to Science in 2013!). This was undoubtedly the most productive and one of the most enjoyable, tours I have conducted in the area.

Our itinerary began high in the , at the Antisana Preserve and Papallacta Pass. From here we worked our way down from paramo and alpine scrub habitats right into the Subtropics, and lovely accommodations, at Cabanas San Isidro. This iconic lodging, perhaps the first true eco-lodge (and certainly birding lodge) in Ecuador, continues to provide lovely comforts and amazing birding, despite heavy visitation. The food was as scrumptious as ever, and the birding simply stellar. From here we headed farther down the Eastern Slope of the Andes, to WildSumaco, which has quickly gathered well- deserved honors as the best hummingbird show in Ecuador (if not the entire continent), and the only real access to lower subtropic and foothill forest in the far Northern Andes. From here we backtracked up the Andes, to spend a night at the most luxurious accommodations of the tour – Termas de Papallacta. This volcanic-hot-springs resort is ideally situated to bird the moist elfin forest and treeline above Papallcata, as well as Chestnut-breasted Coronet by Harold visit the hummingbird feeders and trails of nearby Davis

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Guango Lodge. A relaxing soak in the hot springs is always welcome, too, of course! From there we continued on to the West Slope of the Andes, all of which comprise what is known as the Choco subtropical region. Most of our stay in this endemic-rich area was based out of Septimo Paraiso. Located near the highway, at about 1500m elevation, this lodge-style resort (complete with heated pools, reading rooms, and plenty of trails) is perfectly situated as a base to visit all of our main birding sites. The main tour ended here, though all but one of the guests continued on to Sani Lodge, deep in Western Amazonia, to see an utterly unique set of birds and mammals.

Detailed Description of Our Tour

Antisana (3800m): Towering glacier- covered volcanoes, bright wind-swept grassland, and incredible, vast, open expanses are the quintessential mental image of the High Andes. Nowhere in Ecuador characterizes the look and feel of the mountains more than the Antisana Ecological Preserve, a mere 45 minutes from our lodgings near Quito. Though bird diversity is low at the extreme high elevations of the Andes, this day is often one of the most enjoyable and memorable of any tour to Northern Ecuador, altitude sickness not withstanding… One of our first species of the day White-bellied Antpitta by Harold Davis was Andean Condor! That’s a mighty fine start to a thrilling day in the field punctuated by no fewer than 7 Andean Condor sightings!!! Amidst the array of smart alpine birds were Stout-billed Cinclodes, Ecuadorian Hillstar, the dapper Andean Lapwing, bizarre Andean (Black-faced) Ibis, and confiding Carunculated Caracaras (you could see the caruncles!). Thankfully, we had incredible views of the iconic condor near, far, high and low. On a few occasions, they came down below 80 feet overhead to cruise languidly by for views and photos. The high lakes and wetlands produced the expected species of waterfowl, and the plains were home to nesting Andean Gulls, Paramo Ground Tyrant, Chestnut-winged Cinclodes and others. Skylarking Paramo Pipits were a treat, and Paramo White-tailed Deer appeared for us as well!

Cabanas San Isidro (2080m): Nestled in the pristine Valle las Caucheras, this property has been set aside as a nature and wildlife preserve, and managed accordingly, for more than 40 years. This was the first birding lodge to be established as such in the whole country. Given the decades of experience, it should be no surprise that this is one of the most comfortable and delicious (in many ways) sites of the whole tour. Groundkeepers train the Antpittas to feed (we saw White-bellied), driveway lights are left Black-banded Owl by Harold Davis

RBT Private Ecuador Trip Report 2014 5 on to attract moths for the morning birding buffet (invertebrates are the menu…not the birds), trails are perfectly well-kept, and the meals are creative and expertly made with locally-grown and organic ingredients. All of this, plus a resident mystery owl (now listed as Black-banded, and seen amazingly well)…what’s not to love? Birding strategies for this site vary, but I like to allow plenty of time to bird the road up the Valley, as well as get in a bit of trail birding after enjoying all the goodies right around the lodge. Given that the 2 days we had here were also slightly interrupted by rain, I was somewhat surprised to learn that our third-highest-day total of the tour was our one full day here. Flocks were steady, and the skulking birds played ball as well. Views of both Crested and Golden-headed Quetzals were a highlight, as was finding a pair of Lemurine Night Monkeys right above the lodge parking lot next to a male Black-banded Inca Jay by Harold Davis Owl!!! The trails around the lodge yielded up Ashy-headed Tyrannulet, Tyrannine, Olive-backed and Montane , Long-tailed Tapaculo, Streak-headed Antbird, Handsome Flycatcher, Dusky Piha, and Rufous-crowned Tody- Flycatcher. On the road we had tons of flock species including Rufous-crested and the vibrant Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia, looks at Black-and-chestnut Eagle and White-rumped Hawk, Black-billed Mountain Toucan, and we teased out both Ash-colored and Blackish Tapaculo. While at San Isidro, one doesn’t simply leave the cabin in the morning – there are far too many birds afoot around the lodge buildings and grounds! The morning’s bird show here is rivalled only by that at Bellavista. Both have their merits, neither have an equal elsewhere. Masked Trogon, Inca Jay, Subtropical Cacique, Black-billed Peppershrike, Pearled Treerunner, Cinnamon and Pale-edged Flycatchers, 8-9 species of , several species of Warblers and others all come in, extremely close, every morning to feed. It’s a fascinating spectacle!

WildSumaco (1485m): The word for our stay at WildSumaco, as is so often the case here, was rain. Also true to form, despite the inclement weather, the birding was superb. One need not even leave the confines of the lodge to be utterly impressed by the stunning hummingbirds swarming the feeders and mixed flocks passing through the yard! Lucky enough, we did get some dry, partly cloudy weather to get out and enjoy some trail time for several of the harder species. We had two nights at the small, quaint lodgings and effectively two days’ worth of birding before heading up the Andes into true montane forest. The region around Sumaco hosts an incredible array of birds, ranging from lower subtropical forest specialists, to East Andes foothills specialists, as well as a few Amazonian species at the upper limits of their range. To do this place justice would take more time than the weather would allow, but we did catch several Masked Trogon by Harold Davis

RBT Private Ecuador Trip Report 2014 6 mixed flocks and find many of our most wanted targets. The birds we encountered right around the lodge grounds included 16 species of hummingbirds, with the likes of Lazuline and Napo Sabrewings, Black-throated and Violet-fronted Brilliants, Gould’s Jewelfront, Grey-chinned Hermit, and the bizarre, endearing Wire-crested Thorntail, among others. We had incredible views of both Chestnut-fronted and Military Macaws right from the deck, Sickle-winged Guans, Black-billed Treehunter, Montane Foliage- gleaner, Dusky Spinetail, Lined Antshrike, Blackish Antbird, and a plethora of flycatchers and tanagers around the camp itself. The Sumaco Road and lower trails were alive with activity between bouts of rain as well. Flocks were host to Golden-collared Toucanet, Red-headed Barbet, Streaked Xenops, Russet Antshrike, Plain and White-streaked (!!) Antvireos, Foothill, Plain-winged, Yellow-breasted and Rufous-winged Antwrens, White- crowned and Blue-rumped Manakins, Ecuadorian Tyrannulet, and a mountain of showy tanagers, dacnis and euphonias of which Paradise, Yellow-bellied, Orange-eared, Golden-eared and the incredibly rare Blue- browed were standouts. Skulking or scarce species we managed looks at included Blackish Rail, Black Hawk- Wire-crested Thorntail by Harold Davis Eagle, Orange-breasted Falcon, Dusky Spinetail, White- backed Fire-eye, Chestnut-crowned Gnateater, Red-billed Tyrannulet, Foothill Elaenia and Fiery-throated Fruiteater. It was an outstandingly productive visit! Despite losing some time in the field due to weather, we thoroughly enjoyed our visit, including some rare, amazing views of Antisana.

Guango Lodge and Papallacta (2730m): Guango Lodge is synonymous with the word hummingbird. Now, some other sites in Ecuador definitely have more species of hummingbirds than does Guango Lodge, but no other boasts the Sword-billed Hummingbird. Perhaps one of nature’s most bizarre creations, the Sword-billed Hummingbird’s bill is some 75-80% of the length of the bird’s body. It’s mind-blowing to see this species hovering, several inches away from the feeder, to sip nectar from the hummingbird feeders at Guango. Throw in Tourmaline Sunangel, Glowing Puffleg, Chestnut- breasted Coronet, Long-tailed Sylph, Tyrian Metaltail, Collared Inca, Buff-winged Starfrontlet, Buff-tailed Coronet, and White-bellied Woodstar, and it makes for a premier hummingbird show. The lodge itself is lovely, homey, historic and a pleasant place to spend to sip some Mate de Coca by the feeders. Having the luxury of Termas de Papallacta as our respite and base for this area’s birding, we managed to enjoy the best of birding and comfort available on the upper east slope. Long-tailed Sylph by Harold Davis

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Guango is also a great place to clean up some great temperate forest specialists. Torrent Duck eluded the general tour this spring, but we were delighted to view a male and female pair (especially the male) for nearly 15 minutes as they maneuvered through the rapids and rocks of the Rio Guango. White-capped Dipper, Hooded, Buff-breasted, Lacrimose and Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanagers, Blue-backed Conebill, Blue-and-black Tanager, Rufous Spinetail, Rufous Wren, Black-capped Hemispingus, Slaty and Pale-naped Brush Finch, Rufous- breasted Flycatcher, Pearled Treerunner, Streaked Tuftedcheek and Citrine Warbler all showed well for us right near the lodge grounds and on the trails. And, fortunately, we didn’t have to work very hard for our birds at the pass, either! Nowhere in Ecuador has earned the notoriety of being the “nastiest place to bird” in the country, as Papallacta Pass. In fact, it can be one of the most difficult to endure on the whole continent. We don’t bird sewage Torrent Duck by Harold Davis lagoons, dumps, tips, and typically stay as far from civilization as we can. But in a completely different sense, Papallacta Pass is THE nastiest place to bird in Ecuador. While it wasn’t necessarily the best weather I’ve ever seen up there during our visit, it was good enough to keep us from spending more than an hour or two at the highest elevations to get all of our wanted birds! We had amazing, close views of one Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe, Tawny Antpittas, Andean Tit-Spinetail, Many-striped Canastero, White-chinned Thistletail, Viridian Metaltail, Shining Sunbeam, Great Sapphirewing, and point blank looks at one of the most spectacular birds on earth – Golden- crowned Tanager! On the humid side of the mountain, none other the endangered Masked Mountain Tanager stood out as the show-stopper for our morning there, with one pair coming so close to us that they were nearly too close to focus cameras on. This was, by far, the best experience I’ve ever had with this rare species! We managed to encounter the mega flock around there, as well, in which all the beautiful mountain tanagers, Agile Tit-Tyrant, Black-backed Bush Tanager, White-throated Tyrannulet, and nearly all sought-for species (at that high elevation) travel in. All in all, it was a fine visit to the upper reaches of the East Andes, before dropping into the Interandean Valley for a leisurely mid-tour evening in Quito.

Yanacocha (3500m): This high-elevation preserve lies on the wet West flanks of Pichincha volcano, some 90 minutes’ drive from Quito. It is perfectly situated to those en route down the West Slope of the Andes into the Choco Andean Endemic region of northwest Ecuador. It is a must-see site, especially if nearing the breeding season of the critically endangered and endemic Black-breasted Puffleg. Our tour timing was squarely on the impossible side for this Paradise Tanager by Harold Davis

RBT Private Ecuador Trip Report 2014 8 seasonal species which, apparently, moves to unknown, lower elevation sites to pass the non- breeding season. However, we were rewarding with wonderful views of many new and gorgeous species, including a few mixed flocks right on top of us! It wasn’t the best season for overall hummer visitation at the feeders either, so I foresaw us only picking up a handful of species. We ended up having an incredible morning! The mixed flocks we came across were all close, hosting White-throated and White-banded Tyrannulets, Blue-and-black and Golden-crowned Tanagers, and Rufous Wren. A family group of Bar- bellied Woodpeckers came incredibly close and nearly stole the whole morning spotlight, but the family group of Black-chested Mountain Tanagers that gave crushingly close, in-the-open views might have taken the honors! We had several fine views of these scarce, high-elevation species. A pair of Crowned Chat-Tyrants obliged us with near, in-the-open looks, as did a pair of White-browed Spinetails. Great Sapphirewing, Buff-winged Starfrontlet, and both Sapphire-vented and Golden-breasted Pufflegs came in to the feeders, and we enjoyed close views Grey- browed and Yellow-breasted Brush Finches. Even a pair of Barred Fruiteaters, often nigh-impossible to locate Gorgeted Sunangel by Harold Davis even if calling frequently, perched up for brief scope views.

Bellavista (2500m): From Yanacocha we birded our way through the Tandayapa Valley, and spent the following night at Bellavista lodge, leaving plenty of time for us to bird Tandayapa more thoroughly the following day. This famous valley has become quite the attraction for visiting birders and eco-enthusiasts alike. It is populated with several lodging options, trails at various elevations, and many incredible hummingbird stations. The most impressive of the various lodgings is undoubtedly Bellavista, and the best hummingbird viewing is at the Nunnery’s residence and Alambi. We took time to see the best of the best of the Valley. Mixed flocks were plentiful throughout our time in the Valley, though there was a wee bit of rain which hindered our birding efforts somewhat. We managed great views of many of the valley specials, including the two crowd-pleasers: Toucan Barbet (eye- level, awesome views) and Plate-billed Mountain Toucan (great views as well!). The mixed flocks held many colorful gems like Blue-winged Mountain Tanager, Rufous- chested, Golden-naped, Metallic-green, Golden, Beryl-spangled and the incomparable Flame-faced Tanager, as well as some of the interesting understory species including Plain-winged Wren, Gray-breasted Wood Wren, Azara’s Spinetail, Dusky Bush Tanager, Western Hemispingus, Russet- mantled Warbler, and the Brush Finch Trio: Hooded Mountain Tanager by Harold Davis

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Chestnut-capped, White-winged, and Choco (Tricolored). We had a delightful experience with two Spillman’s Tapaculo counter-singing, behaving truly mouse-like, popping up for views on either side of us, though Ocellated Tapaculo was an obvious highlight. One male came up, nearly instantly, when I whistled its far- carrying call, near to the roadside. Of course, it did so in a bamboo-choked tangle no one could see further than 20 feet into. Luckily, however, as I continued to whistle, it came closer! After clearing a small window into the tangle, and bringing people up, one by one, all participants ended up with great views of this beautiful, skulking, unique species! Despite all of this action, the hummingbird feeders provided the most sustained entertainment. The perpetual Booted Racket-tail & Golden-tailed Sapphire by Harold parade of color and riot of activity at Davis Bellavista, the Nunnery’s, and Alambi was staggering. It demanded attention, and we were happy to sit and enjoy! All of the hoped-for species were seen in good number: Violet-tailed Sylph, Collared and Brown Incas, Gorgeted Sunangel, Buff-tailed Coronet, Booted Racket-tail…the long resident White-tailed Hillstar at the Nunnery’s home was still making his perch on the broom-handle beneath their ample porch. It was awesome!

Septimo Paraiso (1500m): This beautiful lodge has been in operation for over a decade, and is a gem. Located, practically, in the middle of all the best birding sites in the area, it doesn’t hurt to have rosewater at one’s bedside, delicious Ecuadorian and Colombian Cuisine, and swimming pools to add to the charm of this place. Though we had very little time to bird the lodge grounds themselves, we did have a magical few minutes the morning we left, getting our best views of Golden-headed Quetzal and the stunning Powerful Woodpecker, of the whole tour!

Paz de las Aves (1850m): For anyone who has attempted to view an Antpitta in the bush, there is no preparation for what sights await at the Paz de las Aves Nature Preserve. From its humble beginnings as a Tree Tomato farm/Cock-of-the-rock lek, through its transformation into the world-renowned spectacle that we witnessed, Angel Paz has maintained that his property is equally belonging to its wildlife. This attitude towards nature is obvious, and endearing. The rules and respect shown to the birds, which seem more like friends to Angel and his brother, add to the charm of Paz de las Aves. We arrived early and headed directly to the Cock- of-the-rock lek. We weren’t disappointed: At least 6 males displayed in front of us! Angel knew a roost site for Rufous-bellied Nighthawks, and before heading from Andean Cock-of-the-rock by Harold Cock-of-the-rock lek to the first Antpitta feeding site, I Davis

RBT Private Ecuador Trip Report 2014 10 managed to pull a Narino Tapaculo in right next to us on the road for views, and put the scope of a roosting male Lyre-tailed Nightjar. What occurs next feels like something more akin to an amusement park ride, than an actual walk. Angel, and his brother Rodrigo, guide guests to a number of sites, feeding Antpittas along the way. Yellow-breasted, Giant, Chestnut-crowned and Ochre- breasted Antpittas are all regular, and we had stellar views of each! Purple-bibbed Whitetip, Empress Brilliant and other more typical hummers come to his feeders, though Wedge-billed Hummingbird is certainly the target hummingbird here. Luck was on our side, as the sporadic Dark-backed Wood Quail decided to come right out for a few worms today. As always, our visit here was topped off with some delicious coastal flavor in the form of Sra. Paz’s famous bolones de verde (stuffed plaintain balls), cheese empanadas, and coffee on their veranda. Always a fine morning!

Milpe (1130m): As is the case in cloud forest anywhere, especially in the foothills, weather is everything. If it rains too much, you don’t see birds. If it is sunny, you don’t see birds. If you sneeze wrong, you don’t birds. It can be hit or miss. But, when it’s “hit” it can be just awesome. Luckily, we had a couple hits at this site, over two half- days of birding. Depending on the time of year, the fruit feeders can be hit or miss as well. Again, we were lucky Giant Antpitta by Harold Davis here, as we had several species of beautiful tanagers on the feeders, as well as the endemic Pale-mandibled Aracari! Sedentary residents came out for a good show: we had great views of both Rufous and Broad-billed Motmots, Choco and Black-mandibled Toucans, Whiskered Wren, Club-winged Manakin, Olive Finch, Bronze-winged Parrot, Guyaquil Woodpecker and Barred Forest Falcon (which came in to perch right over us after playback!!!). Flock birds were nearly constant. Yellow- tufted Dacnis, Yellow-collared Chlorophonia, Ochre-breasted, Silver-throated, Golden and Rufous- winged Tanagers, Red-faced Spinetail, Spotted , Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner, Cinnamon and One-colored Becards, Slaty-capped Flycatcher, and some 30 other species popped up in flocks at these sites. Perhaps the two biggest surprises here were quite different in nature. The first was a breeding-plumaged Cerulean Warbler in the mixed flock near Milpe’s office. This bird is scarce to rare in Ecuador, and previously unknown from the West slope of the Andes in the country! The second was a flock of some 40+ Swallow Tanagers in a tree. Talk about color!!!

Silanche (850m): This often-visited site is the closest intact patch of Choco foothill/lowland forest for birding groups to visit from the Mindo area. This island of remnant forest, protected from deforestation by the Mindo Cloud Forest Foundation, is Purple-bibbed Whitetip by Harold Davis

RBT Private Ecuador Trip Report 2014 11 just barely large enough to support a nearly full host of Choco foothill species. The isolation of this patch has, unfortunately, led to quite a few species that were previously seen at this site to disappear over time. Nevertheless, we had an absolutely incredible visit, starting on the drive into the preserve. Our birding kicked off big with Variable, Yellow-bellied and Ruddy-breasted (rare) Seedeaters, Thick-billed Seed Finch, Pacific Antwren, Rufous-tailed Jacamar, Dusky Pigeon and Pallid Doves being spotted along the drive in! Hook-billed Kites were in number, oddly enough, and a Violet-bellied Hummingbird turned up to feed at roadside flowers to boot! Other great birds seen along the entrance road included the seasonal Snowy-throated Kingbird, King Vulture, Pacific Parrotlet, Purple-crowned Fairy, Acadian Flycatcher, Bay Wren, White-thighed Swallow and Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher. Upon arriving at the preserve, we had but a short respite before the first of four flocks made a pass above/around us. From then, until lunch, it was nearly constant pandemonium. Almost all of the sought- after species were present, save for a handful. And we were delighted to see most of the truly rare, special species that one reluctantly hopes for here, such as Rose- faced Parrot, Crimson-bellied Woodpecker, Scarlet-breasted Dacnis, Scarlet-browed Tanager, and the increasingly rare Blue- whiskered Tanager, which has only ever been seen by a hundred or so birders in the world, at most! Aside from those species, we Yellow-tufted Dacnis by Harold Davis also managed to pick the following out of the melee: Stripe-throated Hermit, Blue-chested and Purple-chested Hummingbirds, Orange-fronted Barbet, Cinnamon and Red-rumped Woodpeckers, Olivaceous, Wedge-billed, Plain-brown, Northern Barred and Black-striped Woodcreepers, Double-banded Graytail, Brown-capped Tyrannulet, Choco Tyrannulet, Black-capped Pygmy Tyrant, Golden-crowned Spadebill, Purple- throated Fruitcrow, Yellow-margined Flatbill, White-shouldered, Tawny-crested, Gray-and-gold, Golden-hooded, Rufous-winged and Guira Tanagers, Black-winged Saltator and Scarlet-rumped Cacique, among some 90+ species we identified in the preserve! It was an incredible visit to this very important site.

Mashpi (1400-1100m): This was a great choice for the final morning’s birding of the main tour. After having visited what would seem like all of the possible habitats in the Choco subtropics, to find ourselves coming around a bend from sunny, clear skies, to descend into the near-permanent drizzle and fog of the Mashpi-Amagusa ridge is somewhat magical. This outlying ridge hosts one of, if not the, southernmost outlying patches of truly Colombian Forest habitats on Earth. Defined by its near- constant shroud of intermittent fog, light to heavy drizzle, and shocking abundance of Golden-naped Tanager by Harold Davis

RBT Private Ecuador Trip Report 2014 12 epiphytic growth, this habitat is indeed very unique – and it hold some of the most exciting birding of the whole tour. With persistence and some sense of adventure, we found great flock birding, newly establish hummingbird and fruit feeders, and enjoyed nearly a full morning in this incredible habitat. We snagged looks, varying in degree from outstanding (Orange-breasted Fruiteater, Black- chinned Mountain Tanager, Moss-backed Tanager, Indigo , Yellow-green Bush Tanager and Velvet-purple Coronet) to only just tickable (Pacific Tuftedcheek and Yellow-green Chlorophonia). All-in-all, the birding was wonderful the whole way through, and we, as always, sad to have to return to Quito.

Sani Lodge (265m): Near the Lodge - The newly renovated Sani Lodge is a real treat. The flight to Coca allows plenty of time to contemplate the experience ahead: the real Amazon Basin! After the 2.5 hour boat ride from Coca to the lodge itself, we were immediately immersed in Toucans, Trogons, Cotingas, and one of the most legendary birds in existence – the prehistoric Hoatzin! The boat ride through enchanting Varzea gave us our Kingfishers, and raucous Black- capped Donacobius were plentiful as we crossed the pristine oxbow that Sani Lodge is situated upon. Crimson-crested Scratching “Trumpy”, the Grey-winged Trumpeter at Woodpecker, Amazonian Umbrellabird and Sani Lodge, by Harold Davis Plum-throated Cotinga were among the first birds at Sani – incredible! But the award of best lodge bird could go to the Tropical Screech Owl that lives right around the cabins, if it weren’t for the Grey-winged Trumpeter that has domesticated itself. This amazing creature isn’t just tame, it’s a lapdog. We all took turns petting it!!! An afternoon walk on the trails behind the lodge is always productive. Our only perched macaws of the tour were spotted behind the lodge, as was a gorgeous, incredibly cooperative, Great Jacamar. Lawrence’s Thrush, Plain-winged Antshrike, Black-throated Trogon and a few other species were nice, but it’s hard to top the beautiful, staring faces of Spix’s Night Monkeys, with their heads out of their roosting hole, carefully looking us over.

The Tower - Our first full day of our visit to Sani was planned around an excursion to the Canopy Tower here; climbing the tower to an impressive height of 45m. Set in the crown of the tallest kapok (highest emergent growth) tree in sight, the tower allows an amazing opportunity to view species, in the tree with us, which would seldom be seen from the ground. Plumbeous and Swallow-tailed Kites, Crane and Slate-colored Hawks, Bare-necked Fruitcrow, Plum-throated and Spangled Cotingas, a lovely flock of Many-banded Aracari, Yellow-browed Great Potoo by Harold Davis

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Tody-Flycatcher, White-browed Purpletuft, Pied Puffbird, Slender-footed and White-lored Tyrannulets, and a score of Tanagers, Euphonias, Dacnis, Aracaris, and Toucans were amongst the morning’s plunder. Long-billed Woodcreeper and displaying Blue-throated Piping Guans were a treat! The highlights of the visit, perhaps, was the Great Potoo who decided to roost on a prominent branch in the tree where we stood. However, the group of four Blue-and- yellow Macaws that cruised by us, below eye-level, in the morning sun were certainly contenders. The walk back from the tower to another dock, before a late lunch, yielded many fine species as well. We managed incredible views of very close Plain-throated and Gray Antwrens, Dusky-throated and Cinereous Antshrikes, Black-faced and Peruvian Warbling Antbirds, as well as other flocking species. Perhaps the highlight of Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher by Harold Davis our forest trek was mammalian: the screaming, subsequent silence, and eventual laughter, caused by one White-lipped Peccary that flushed right next to, and then ran IN TO, a couple participants was frightening, thrilling, then downright hilarious!

Islands - Though there was some rain and wind later, most of our time on the islands was incredibly productive. River Tyrannulet, Orange-headed Tanager and Riverside Tyrant all put on great shows for us, as did one of the hardest island birds to get good views of: Black-and-white Antbird! Castelnau’s Antshrike took some time to see, though we persisted and were rewarded, while Spotted Tody-Flycatcher, White-bellied Spinetail, Mottle-backed Elaenia and Oriole Blackbird all proved relatively easy. After picking a few others, we were satisfied with a nearly clean sweep! Parker’s Spinetail and Lesser Hornero, oddly enough, were the only hold outs, but we were able to pick them up the following day. My biggest surprise of the tour came on our first morning visit to the islands: we flushed a Striped Owl! But not only that: we flushed one, 20 feet away from us, incubating eggs!!! One of the first confirmed nests in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

Community - One of the highlights of the day was a stop at the San Isla Community for lunch in the community longhouse. A delicious spread of fresh fish maito (fish wrapped in special leaves that can be placed directly in the fire to steam, with salt and aji peppers), roasted white cocoa beans, fresh heart of palm, and…drumroll please…roasted chontacudos. Chontacudos are cicada grubs that grow fat eating the sweet meat of the Moriche and Ungurahua palm trunks. A mild mix of coconut and olive flavors, these smoked grubs are a delicacy! There is also some good birding around the community itself. Our only encounters with the likes of Chestnut-eared Aracari, Many-banded Aracari by Harold Davis

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Spot-breasted Woodpecker, and Orange-backed Troupial were from near the village…and of course the Crested Owl. Voted the #1 Bird of the Entire Tour, a female Crested Owl was found by a local villager, on a day roost, the week before our visit. Our local guide, Tchurri Hualinga, took us through mulch and mud, down a small track some 200m into the forest where, before we knew it, we were standing next to a Crested Owl. No field guide can ever do this creature justice – it must be seen to be appreciated! Walk away views of this lovely species were voted THE birding experience of the tour.

South of the Napo - The hilly Terra Firme forest there is home to many special specials not found North of the Napo river in Ecuador. Our attempt, though productive, left a bit to be desired, given the weather. We did have several fine species this morning including Elegant Woodcreeper, Rusty-belted Tapaculo, Mouse-colored, Dusky-throated and Cinereous Antshrikes, Rufous-tailed Antwren, Scale-backed Antbird, and what became the #5 Voted Highlight of the Tour by participants – Banded Antbird. This amazing little creature wandered circles around us, in its characteristic wind-up-toy fashion, for more than 10 minutes. At one point, it attempted to fly in and land on one participant’s boot!!! We were delighted.

By Boat - Sani is defined by its water, and the forest islands and types that thrive under, and around, the nutrient-rich white waters and the flow into the oxbow lake and swamps around the lodge. Not surprisingly, many activities are boat-based –and for good reason. Crested Owl by Harold Davis Nearly every trail at Sani is accessed by crossing the Oxbow in one direction or the other. This means that every morning is begun with hundreds of Orange-winged Amazons, Yellow-rumped Caciques, and both Crested and Russet-backed Oropendolas overhead. The chirring of donacobius and crakes in the reeds is continuous as we make our way down the lake, while Amazon and Ringed Kingfishers are on their fishing perches, and a lovely chorus rings out from all sides. Least Bittern, Rufescent Tiger Heron, Striated, Capped and Cocoi Herons, Blue-and-yellow Macaws, Striped Woodcreeper, scores of Greater Ani and Red Howler Monkey, as well as numerous Hoatzin, make their homes on the sides of the Lake. We spent a couple afternoons doing some late afternoon birding by boat up the main creek, and stayed out into late dusk for nocturnal species. The rare and elusive Sungrebe made an appearance for some lucky vigilant participants during our afternoon break! We also spent a bit of time searching for a calling pair of Orange-eyed Flatbills, no doubt nesting along the creek. Yellow-crowned Elaenia, Plumbeous, Hoatzins by Harold Davis

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White-shouldered, Dot-backed and Silvered Antbirds, plus a few other fine species showed amongst the low watery vines and aerial roots of the false mangroves of this gorgeous swamp, before the Greater Anis began to amass for roost. With little prompting, but late enough in our efforts to let us sweat a bit, we heard a reply from one of the most sought-after birds in the country – a male of the endemic, and extremely range-restricted (known from just three sites), Cocha Antshrike broke into full song near the boat! A little coaxing, and not only did we all have views of the all-black male, but a gorgeous female came into view as well, putting on the most wonderful show of this species I have ever witnessed. Cream-colored Woodpecker, White-chinned Jacamar and many other stunners top the list of birds-seen-by-boat. Nearly all of our encounters with mammals happened on the water. A troop of Venezuelan Red Howlers crawled up onto a lone tree trunk to sun one afternoon, for incredible views. An entire troop of Common Squirrel Monkeys, complete with attendant White-fronted Capuchins (which usually accompany the larger groups of squirrel monkeys), foraged their way above, and practically through, our boat’s location, oftentimes coming too close to focus with a 400mm lens – they came within 8 feet of us!!! An incredible experience! Viewing Common Woolly Monkeys leisurely feeding on a fruiting tree each morning above the walkway dock was a surprise, as this species is rare, at best, north of the Napo River. And of course our evening cruise, which turned up not only several species of bats, impressive tree frogs, and a lovely Amazon Tree Boa, but a wayward Capybara (practically never seen north of the Napo) to top it off!!!

(PS A HUGE shout out to Hank (Harold) Davis for so generously allowing us to use his truly phenomenal selection of beautiful images for this trip report – thank you!!)

Sani sunset & river cruise by Harold Davis

Annotated List of Species recorded – N Ecuador DNS Nomenclature and follows the IOC World Bird List v4.1by Gill, F. and M. Wright, 2014.

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BIRDS

Total species recorded: (704 seen, 67 heard)

TINAMOUS Tinamidae Great Tinamou* Tinamus major* Little Tinamou* Crypturellus soui* Undulated Tinamou* Crypturellus undulatus* Cinereous Tinamou* Crypturellus cinereus*

DUCKS, GEESE & SWANS Anatidae Muscovy Cairina moschata Torrent Duck Merganetta armata Andean Teal Anas andium Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica Blue-winged Teal Anas discors Andean Ruddy Duck Oxyurus ferruginea

CURASSOWS, GUANS & CHACHALACAS Cracidae Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata Spix’s Guan Penelope jacquacu Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis Sickle-winged Guan Chamaepetes goudotii Wattled Guan* Aburri aburri

NEW WORLD QUAILS Odontophoridae Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail Odontophorus eryhtrops Dark-backed Wood Quail Odontophorus melanotus

GREBES Podiceipidae Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis

IBIS & SPOONBILLS Threskiornithidae Andean [Black-faced] Ibis Theristicus branickii Green Ibis* Mesembrinibis cayennensis

HERONS, BITTERNS & EGRETS Ardeidae Rufescent Tiger Heron Tigrisoma lineatum Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Striated Heron Butorides striatus Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Western Great Egret Ardea alba Capped Heron (S) Pilherodius pileatus

TRUMPETERS Psophia Grey-winged Trumpeter Psophia crepitans

NEW WORLD VULTURES Cathartidae Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

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Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa Andean Condor Vultur gryphus

OSPREYS Pandionidae Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus

KITES, EAGLES, HAWKS Accipitridae Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Black Hawk-Eagle Spzaetus tyrannus Black-and-Chestnut Eagle Oroaetus isidori Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Slender-billed Kite Rostrhamus hamatus Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens Slate-colored Hawk Leucopternis schistacea Barred Hawk Morphnarchus princeps Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris White-rumped Hawk Parabuteo leucorrhous Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus

FINFOOTS Heliornithidae Sungrebe Heliornis fulica

RAILS, GALLINULES & COOTS Rallidae Gray-breasted Crake* Laterallus exilis* Rufous-sided Crake* Laterallus melanophaeius* White-throated Crake* Laterallus albigularis* Paint-billed Crake Neocrex eryhtrops Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea Andean [Slate-colored] Coot Fulica ardesiaca

PLOVERS & LAPWINGS Charadriidae Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Andean Lapwing Vanellus resplendens Pied Lapwing Hypoplexus cayanus Collared Plover Charadrius collaris

SEEDSNIPE Thinocoridae Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe Atticus gayi

SANDPIPERS & PHALAROPES Scolopacidae Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia Least Sandpiper Calidris minuta

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GULLS, TERNS & SKIMMERS Laridae Andean Gull Leucophaeus serranus Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex Yellow-billed Tern Sterna superciliaris

PIGEONS & DOVES Columbidae Rock Dove Columba livia Scaled Pigeon Patagoiensis speciosa Band-tailed Pigeon Patagoiensis fasciata Pale-vented Pigeon Patagoiensis cayennensis Ruddy Pigeon Patagoiensis subvinacea Plumbeous Pigeon Patagoiensis plumbea Dusky Pigeon Patagoiensis goodsoni Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Black-winged Ground-Dove Metriopelia melnoptera White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila ochraceiventris Pallid Dove Leptotila pallida White-throated Quail-Dove* Geotrygon frenata* Ruddy Quail-Dove* Geotrygon montana*

HOATZIN Opisthocomidae Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin

CUCKOOS & ANIS Cuculidae Greater Ani Crotophaga major Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Striped Cuckoo* Tapera naevia* Little Cuckoo Piaya minuta Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya piaya

OWLS Strigidae Tropical Screech Owl Megascops choliba Tawny-bellied Screech Owl* Megascops watsonii* White-throated Screech Owl* Megascops albogularis* Rufous-banded Owl* Strix albitarsus* Black-banded Owl Strix huhula Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata Spectacled Owl* Pulsatrix perspicillata* Striped Owl Pulsatrix clamator

POTOOS Nyctibiidae Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis Common Potoo* Nyctibius griseus* Andean Potoo* Nyctibius maculosus*

NIGHTJARS Caprimulgidae Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris Pauraque* Nyctidromus albicollis* Lyre-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis lyra Ladder-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis climacocerca

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SWIFTS Apodidae Spot-fronted Swift Cypseloides cherrei Chestnut-collared Swift Cypseloides rutila White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicaudus Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura Neotropical Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata

HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus White-whiskered Hermit Phaethornis yaruqui Green Hermit Phaethornis guy White-bearded Hermit Phaethornis hispidus Great-billed Hermit Phaethornis malaris Tawny-bellied Hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus Straight-billed Hermit* Phaethornis bourcieri* Grey-chinned Hermit Phaethornis griseogularis Green-fronted Lancebill Doryfera ludovicae Grey-breasted Sabrewing Campyloptera longipennis Napo Sabrewing Campylopterus napensis Near Endemic Lazuline Sabrewing Campylopterus falcatus White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae Green Violetear Colibri thalassinus Sparkling Violetear Colibri coruscans Black-throted Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Violet-headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti Wire-crested Thorntail Discosura popelairii Green Thorntail Discosura conversii Blue-tailed Emerald Chlorostilbon mellisugus Western Emerald Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombarica Violet-bellied Hummingbird Damophila julie Golden-tailed Sapphire Chrysuronia oenone Olive-spotted Hummingbird Leucippus chlorocercus Many-spotted Hummingbird Taphrospilus hypostictus Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl Andean Emerald Amazilia franciae Blue-chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis Purple-chested Hummingbird Amazilia rosenbergi Speckled Hummingbird Adelomyia melanogenys Black-throated Brilliant Heliodoxa schreibergii Gould’s Jewelfront Heliodoxa aurescens Fawn-breasted Brilliant Heliodoxa rubinoides Violet-fronted Brilliant Heliodoxa leadbeateri Empress Brilliant Heliodoxa imperatrix Green-crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula White-tailed Hillstar Urochroa bougueri Buff-tailed Coronet Boissonneaua flavescens Chestnut-breasted Coronet Boissonneaua matthewsii Velvet-purple Coronet Boissonneaua jardini

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Shining Sunbeam Agleactis cuprepennis Ecuadorian Hillstar Oreotrochilus chimborazo Near Endemic Mountain Velvetbreast Lafresnaya lafresnayi Bronzy Inca Coeligena coeligena Brown Inca Coeligena wilsoni Collared Inca Coeligena torquata Buff-winged Starfrontlet Coeligena lutetiae Sword-billed Hummingbird Ensifera ensifera Great Sapphirewing Pterophanes cyanopterus Giant Hummingbird Patagonia gigas Gorgeted Sunangel Heliangelus strophianus Near Endemic Tourmaline Sunangel Heliangelus exortis Glowing Puffleg Eriocnemis vestidis Sapphire-vented Puffleg Eriocnemis luciani Golden-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis mosquera Purple-bibbed Whitetip Urosticte benjamini Rufous-vented Whitetip Urosticte ruficrissa Booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii Black-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia lesbia Purple-backed Thornbill Ramphomicron microrhynchum Viridian Metaltail Metallura williami Tyrian Metaltail Metallura tyrianthina Rainbow-bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingi Violet-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus coelestis Wedge-billed Hummingbird Augastes geoffreyi Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris Purple-throated Woodstar Calliphlox mitchelli White-bellied Woodstar Chaetocercus mulsant Gorgeted Woodstar Chaetocercus heliodor

TROGONS & QUETZALS Trogonidae Crested Quetzal Pharomachrus antisianus Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus White-tailed Trogon Trogon chionurus Green-backed Trogon Trogon viridis Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus Collared Trogon Trogon colaris Masked Trogon Trogon personatus

KINGFISHERS Alcedinidae Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana Green-and-Rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda

MOTMOTS Momotidae Amazonian Motmot* Momotus momota* Andean Motmot Momotus aequatorialis Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii

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JACAMARS Galbulidae White-eared Jacamar Galbacyrhynchus leucotis Brown Jacamar Brachygalba lugubris White-chinned Jacamar Galbula tombacea Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda Coppery-chested Jacamar Galbula pastazae Purplish Jacamar Galbula chalcothorax Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus

PUFFBIRDS Bucconidae Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus White-whiskered Puffbird* Malacoptila panamensis* Brown Nunlet Nonnula brunnea White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons Yellow-billed Nunbird Monasa flavirostris Swallow-wing Puffbird Chelidoptera tenebrosa

NEW WORLD BARBETS Capitonidae Scarlet-crowned Barbet Capito aurovirens Orange-fronted Barbet Capito squamatus Near Endemic Gilded Barbet Capito auratus Lemon-throated Barbet* Eubucco richardsoni* Red-headed Barbet Eubucco bourcierii

ATYPICAL BARBETS Semnornithidae Toucan Barbet Semnornis ramphastinus

TOUCANS Ramphastidae White-throated [Emerald] Toucanet Aulacorhynchus albivitta Crimson-rumped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus haematopygus Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus Ivory-billed Aracari Pteroglossus azara Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis Many-banded Aracari Pteroglossus pluricinctus Pale-mandibled [Collared] Aracari Pteroglossus erythropygius Endemic Golden-collared Toucanet Selenidera reinwardtii Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan* Andigena hypoglauca* Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan Andigena laminirostris Near Endemic Black-billed Mountain-Toucan Andigena nigrirostris Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellina Choco Toucan Ramphastos brevis Near Endemic White-throated Toucan Ramphastos ambiguus Black-mandibled Toucan Ramphastos swainsonii

WOODPECKERS & PICULETS Picidae Lafresnaye’s Piculet* Picumnus lafresnayei* Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani Smoky-brown Woodpecker Picoides fumigatus Yellow-vented Woodpecker Veniliornis callonotus

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Bar-bellied Woodpecker Veniliornis nigriceps Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Red-rumped Woodpecker Veniliornis kirkii Golden-olive Woodpecker Piculus rubiginosus Crimson-mantled Woodpecker Colaptes rivolii Spot-breasted Woodpecker Colaptes punctigula Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus Scale-breasted Woodpecker* Celeus grammicus* Cream-colored Woodpecker Celeus flavus Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Powerful Woodpecker Campephilus pollens Crimson-bellied Woodpecker Campephilus haematogaster Guayaquil Woodpecker Campephilus guayaquilensis Near-Endemic Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos

FALCONS & CARACARAS Falconidae Black Caracara Daptrius ater Carunculated Caracara Phalcoboenus carunculatus Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans Barred Forest Falcon Micrastur ruficollis Collared Forest Falcon* Micrastur semitorquatus* Buckley’s Forest Falcon* Micrastur buckleyi* American Kestrel Falco sparverius Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Orange-breasted Falcon Falco deiroleucus Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

PARROTS Psittacidae Blue-and-Yellow Macaw Ara ararauna Military Macaw Ara militaris Scarlet Macaw Ara macao Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severa Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata Dusky-headed Parakeet Aratinga weddelli White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus Maroon-tailed Parakeet Pyrrhura melanura Pacific Parrotlet Forpus colestis Cobalt-winged Parakeet Brotogeris cyanoptera Black-headed Parrot Pionites melanocephalus Rose-faced Parrot Pyrilia pulchra Near Endemic Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Red-billed Parrot Pionus sordidus White-capped Parrot Pionus seniloides Bronze-winged Parrot Pionus chalcopterus Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala Orange-winged Amazon Amazona amazonica Mealy Amazon Amazona farinosa

OVENBIRDS Furnariidae Chestnut-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes albidiventris Stout-billed Cinclodes Cinclodes excelsior Lesser Hornero Furnarius minor Pacific [Pale-legged] Hornero Furnarius cinnamomeus

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Andean Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura andicola White-chinned Thistletail Asthenes fuliginosa Streak-backed Canastero* Asthenes wyatti* Many-striped Canastero Asthenes flammulata Rufous Spinetail Synallaxis unirufa Azara’s Spinetail Synallaxis azarae Dark-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albigularis Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura White-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis propinqua Dusky Spinetail Synallaxis moesta White-browed Spinetail Hellmayrea gularis Parker’s Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpecula Red-faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops Ash-browed Spinetail Cranioleuca curtata Double-banded Graytail Xenerpestes minlosi Rusty-winged Barbtail Premnornis guttuligera Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger Pacific [Buffy] Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes johnsoni Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii Scaly-throated Foliage-Gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps Montane Foliage-Gleaner Anabacerthia striaticollis Lineated Foliage-Gleaner Syndactyla subalaris Chestnut-winged Hookbill Ancistrops strigiltus Rufous-rumped Foliage-Gleaner Philydor erythrocercus Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaner Philydor rufus Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-Gleaner Philydor pyrrhodes Uniform Treehunter ignobilis Black-billed Treehunter Thripadectes melanorhynchus Striped Treehunter Thripadectes holostictus Streak-capped Treehunter* Thripadectes virgaticeps* Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Plain Xenops Xenops minutus Tyrannine Woodcreeper Dencrocincla tyrannina Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseocapilla (ssp. aequitorialis, amazonus) Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Long-billed Woodcreeper Nasica longirostris Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper* Dendrexetastes rufigula* Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ignotus Northern Barred-Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae Straight-billed Woodcreeper* Dendroplex picus* Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Elegant Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus elegans Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus Black-striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrimosus Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius Olive-backed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus triangularis Montane Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger

ANTBIRDS Thamnophilidae Great Antshrike* Thamnophilus major* Lined Antshrike Thamnophilus tenuelineatus Cocha Antshrike Thamnophilus praecox Endemic

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Castelnau’s Antshrike Thamnophilus cryptoleucus Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus Mouse-colored Antshrike* Thamnophilus murinus* Black-crowned Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis White-streaked Antvireo Dysithmanus leucostictus Dusky-throated Antshrike Thamnomanes ardesiacus Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius Spot-winged Antshrike* Pygptila stellaris* Foothill Antwren Epinecrophylla spodionota Near Endemic Ornate Antwren* Epinecrophylla ornate* Rufous-tailed Antwren Epinecrophylla eryhtrura Plain-throated Antwren Isleria hauxwellii Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura Moustached Antwren Myrmotherula ignota Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula pacifica White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor Plain-winged Antwren Myrmotherula behni Grey Antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii Banded Antbird Dichrozona cincta Dugand’s Antwren* Herpsilochmus dugandi* Near Endemic Yellow-breasted Antwren Herpsilochmus axillaris Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus Streak-headed Antbird Drymophila caudata Gray Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota White-browed Antbird* Myrmoborus leucophrys Black-faced Antbird Myrmoborus myotherinus Peruvian Warbling Antbird Hypocnemis peruviana Black-and-White Antbird Myrmochanes leuconota Silvered Antbird Sclateria naevia Spot-winged Antbird Schistocicla leucostigma Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul Esmeraldas Antbird* Myrmeciza nigricauda* Near Endemic Plumbeous Antbird Myrmeciza hyperythra White-shouldered Antbird Myrmeciza melanoceps Sooty Antbird Myrmeciza fortis Dot-backed Antbird Hylophylax punctulata Common Scale-backed Antbird Willisornis poecilinota Black-spotted Bare-eye* Phlegopsis nigromaculata*

ANTTRUSHES Formicariidae Rufous-breasted Antthrush* Formicarius rufipectus* Short-tailed Antthrush* Chamaeza campanisoma* Barred Antthrush* Chamaeza mollissima*

ANTPITTAS Grallariidae Undulated Antpitta* Grallaria squamigera* Giant Antpitta Grallaria gigantea Plain-backed Antpitta Grallaria haplonota Chestnut-crowned Antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla

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Yellow-breasted Antpitta Grallaria flavotincta White-bellied Antpitta Grallaria hypoleuca Rufous Antpitta* Grallaria rufula* Tawny Antpitta Grallaria quitensis White-lored Antpitta* Hylopezus fulviventris* Ochre-breasted Antpitta Grallaricula flavirostris

GNATEATERS Conopophagidae Chestnut-crowned Gnateater Conopophaga castaneiceps

TAPACULOS Rhinocryptidae Rusty-belted Tapaculo Liosceles thoracicus Ocellated Tapaculo Acropternis orthonyx Ash-colored Tapaculo Myornis senilis Northern White-crowned Tapaculo* Scytalopus atratus* Long-tailed Tapaculo Scytalopus micropterus Narino Tapaculo Scytalopus vicinior Spillman’s Tapaculo Scytalopus spillmanni Paramo Tapaculo* Scytalopus canus* Blackish Tapaculo Scytalopus latrans

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae White-fronted Tyrannulet Phyllomias zeledoni Sooty-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias griseiceps Black-capped Tyrannulet Phyllomyias nigrocapillus Ashy-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomias cinereiceps Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii Gray Elaenia* Myiopagis caniceps* Foothill Elaenia Myiopagis ollalai Near Endemic Yellow-crowned Elaenia Myiopagis flavivertex Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Mottle-backed Elaenia Elaenia gigas White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps Sierran Elaenia Elaenia pallatangae Brown-capped Tyrannulet Ornithion brunneicapillus White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum White-throated Tyrannulet Mecocerculus leucophrys White-banded Tyrannulet Mecocerculus stictopterus Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet Mecocerculus minor White-tailed Tyrannulet Mecocerculus poecilocercus Rufous-winged Tyrannulet Mecocerculus calopterus Tufted Tit-Tyrant Anarietes parulus Agile Tit-Tyrant Uromyias agilis River Tyrannulet Serpophaga hypoleuca Torrent Tyrannulet Serpophaga cinerea Red-billed Tyrannulet Zimmerius cinereicapilla Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes Golden-faced Tyrannulet Zimmerius chrysops Choco Tyrannulet Zimmerius albigularis Near Endemic Variegated Bristle-Tyrant Pogonotriccus variegatus Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant Pogonotriccus opthalmicus Ecuadorian Tyrannulet Phylloscartes gualaquizae Near Endemic

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Streak-necked Flycatcher Mionectes striaticollis Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris Rufous-breasted Flycatcher Leptopogon rufipectus Flavescent Flycatcher Myiophobus flavicans Olive-chested Flycatcher Myiophobus cryptoxanthus Handsome Flycatcher Nephelomyias pulcher Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant Myornis ecaudatus Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus ruficapilla Golden-winged Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus calopterus Spotted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum maculatum Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurscens Yellow-margined Flatbill Tolmomyias flavotectus Zimmer’s Flatbill Tolmomyias assimilis Orange-eyed Flatbill* Tolmomyias traylori* Gray-crowned Flatbill Tolmomyias poliocephalus Olive-faced Flatbill Tolmomyias viridiceps White-throated Spadebill* Platyrinchus mystaceus* Golden-crowned Spadebill* Platyrinchus coronatus* Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus fuscatior Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi Smoke-colored Pewee Contopus fumigatus Eastern Wood Pewee Contopus virens Western Wood Pewee Contopus sordidulus Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus Riverside Tyrant Knipolegus orenocensis Drab Water Tyrant Octhornis litteralis Paramo [Plain-capped] Ground-Tyrant Muscisaxicola alpina Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant Agriornis montana Streak-throated Bush Tyrant Myiotheretes striaticollis Crowned Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix frontalis Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix diadema Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca fumicolor Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetes cayanensis Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Gray-capped Flycatcher Myiozetes granadensis Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulfuratus Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor lictor Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris Golden-crowned Flycatcher Myiodynastes chrysocephalus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Snowy-throated Kingbird Tyrannus niveigularis

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Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savanna Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Pale-edged Flycatcher Myiarchus cephalotes Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda Cinnamon Attila Attila cinnamomeus Citron-bellied Attila* Attila citriniventris* Bright-rumped Attila* Attila spadiceus*

COTINGAS Cotingidae Red-crested Cotinga Ampelion rubrocristata Barred Fruiteater Pipreola arcuata Green-and-black Fruiteater Pipreola riefferii Orange-breasted Fruiteater Pipreola jucunda Fiery-throated Fruiteater Pipreola lepidota Andean Cock-of-the-Rock Rupicola peruviana Plum-throated Cotinga Cotinga maynana Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana Dusky Piha Lipaugus fuscocinereus Olivaceous Piha Snownornis cryptolophus Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpureata Amazonian Umbrellabird Cephalopterus ornatus

MANAKINS Pipridae Dwarf Tyrant Manakin Tyranneutes stoltzmanni Golden-winged Manakin Masius chrysoptera Club-winged Manakin Machaeropterus deliciosus Western Striped Manakin Machaeropterus regulus Blue-crowned Manakin Lepidothrix coronata Blue-rumped Manakin Lepidothrix isidorei White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Wire-tailed Manakin Pipra filicauda White-crowned Manakin Dixiphia pipra (ssp. coracina) Golden-headed Manakin Dixiphia erythrocephala

TITYRAS, BECARDS Tityridae Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata Northern Schiffornis* Schiffornis verapaceus* White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Black-and-white Becard Pachyramphus albogriseus One-colored Becard Pachyramphus homochrous Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor

VIREOS & GREENLETS Vireonidae Black-billed Peppershrike Cyclarhis nigrirostris Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis

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Choco Vireo Vireo masteri Near Endemic Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis Rufous-naped Greenlet Hylophilus semibrunneus Dusky-capped Greenlet Hylophilus hypoxanthus Olivaceous Greenlet Hylophilus olivaceus Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus

CROWS, JAYS & MAGPIES Corvidae Turquoise Jay Cyanolyca turcosa Violaceous Jay Cyanocorax violaceus Inca Jay Cyanocorax inca

SWALLOWS & MARTINS Hirundinidae White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca White-banded Swallow Atticora Fasciata White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Sand Martin [Bank Swallow] Riparia Riparia Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

DONACOBIUS Donacobiidae Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla

WRENS Troglodytidae Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus Rufous Wren Cynncerthia unirufa Sepia-brown [Sharpe’s] Wren Cynncerthia olivascens Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis aequatorialis Plain-tailed Wren* Pheugopedius euophrys* Whiskered Wren Pheugopedius mystacalis Coraya Wren Pheugopedius coraya Bay Wren Cantorchilus nigricapillus Stripe-throated Wren* Cantorchilus leucogaster* House Wren Troglodytes aedon Mountain Wren Troglodytes solstitialis Grey-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucophrys White-breasted Wood-Wren* Henicorhina leucosticte* Southern Nightingale-Wren* Microcerculus marginatus* Wing-banded Wren Microcerculus bambla

GNATCATCHERS Polioptilidae Long-billed Gnatwren* Ramphocaenus melanurus* Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea

THRUSHES Turdidae Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides Spotted Nightingale-Thrush* Catharus dryas*

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Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus Black Solitaire* Entomodestes coracinus* Pale-eyed Thrush Turdus leucops Great Thrush Turdus fuscater Glossy-black Thrush Turdus serranus Black-billed Thrush Turdus ignobilis Lawrence’s Thrush Turdus lawrenceii Pale-vented Thrush Turdus obsoletus Hauxwell’s Thrush* Turdus hauxwelli* Ecuadorian Thrush Turdus maculirostris Near Endemic White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis

DIPPERS Cinclidae White-capped Dipper Cinclus leucocephalus

OLD WORLD SPARROWS Passeridae House Sparrow Passer domesticus

PIPITS Motacillidae Paramo Pipit Anthus bogotensis

FINCHES Fringillidae Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltria Hooded Siskin Spinus magellanica Yellow-bellied Siskin Spinus xanthogastra Olivaceous Siskin Spinus olivacea Orange-crowned Euphonia Euphonia saturata Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopata Bronze-green Euphonia Euphonia mesochrysa White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris Yellow-collared Chlorophonia Chlorophonia flavirostris Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys

NEW WORLD WARBLERS Parulidae Olive-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis semiflava Mourning Warbler Geothlypis philadelphia Black-and-White Warbler Mniotilta varia Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca Blackpoll Warbler (S) Setophaga striata Citrine Warbler Myiothlypis luteoviridis Black-crested Warbler Myiothlypis nigrocristatus Buff-rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda Choco [Golden-bellied] Warbler Myiothlypis chlorophrys Russet-crowned Warbler Myiothlypis coronatus Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis

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Slate-throated Whitestart Myioborus miniatus Spectacled Whitestart Myioborus melanocephalus

ORPENDOLAS, ORIOLES & BLACKBIRDS Icteridae Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Russet-backed Oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Subtropical Cacique Cacicus uropygialis Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus microrhynchus Northern Mountain Cacique Cacicus leucoramphus Orange-backed Troupial Icterus croconatus Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Scrub Blackbird Dives warszewiczi Oriole Blackbird Gymnomystax mexicanus

BANANAQUIT Coerebidae Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

NEW WORLD SPARROWS & ALLIES Emberizidae Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis Yellow-browed Sparrow Ammodramus aurifrons Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantirostris Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch Arremon brunneinucha Olive Finch Arremon castaneiceps Pale-naped Brush-Finch Atlapetes pallidinucha Choco [Tricolored] Brush-Finch Atlapetes crassus Rufous-naped Brush-Finch Atlapetes latinucha Slaty Brush-Finch Atlapetes schistaceus White-winged Brush-Finch Atlapetes leucopterus Common Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavopectus Dusky Bush Tanager Chlorospingus semifuscus Yellow-throated Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavigularis Yellow-green Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavoviridis Ash-throated Bush Tanager Chlorospingus canigularis

TANAGERS & ALLIES Thraupidae Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus Rufous-crested Tanager Creurgops verticalis Black-capped Hemispingus Hemispingus atropileus Superciliaried Hemispingus Hemispingus superciliaris Oleaginous Hemispingus Hemispingus oleagineus Black-eared Hemispingus Hemispingus melanotis Western Hemispingus Hemispingus ochraceus Black-headed Hemispingus Hemispingus verticalis Grey-hooded Bush-Tanager Cnemoscopus rubrirostris Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida Rufous-chested Tanager Thlypopis ornata Grey-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristata White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus Tawny-crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii

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White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Masked Crimson Tanager Ramphocelus nigrogularis Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Lemon-rumped [Flame-rumped] Tanager Ramphocelus icteronotus Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanocephala Blue-and-Yellow Tanager Thraupis bonaerensis Moss-backed Tanager Bangsia edwardsi Near Endemic Hooded Mountain Tanager Buthraupis montana Black-chested Mountain Tanager Buthraupis eximia Masked Mountain Tanager Buthraupis wetmorei Lacrimose Mountain Tanager Anisognathus lachrymosa Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager Anisognathus igniventris Blue-winged Mountain Tanager Anisognathus somptuosus Black-chinned Mountain Tanager Anisognathus notabilis Grass-green Tanager Chlorornis riffierii Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager Dubusia taeniatus Golden-crowned Tanager Iridosornis rufivertex Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota Glistening-green Tanager* Chlorochrysa phoenicotis* Orange-eared Tanager Chlorochrysa calliparea Gray-and-Gold Tanager Tangara palmeri Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicanus Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Green-and-Gold Tanager Tangara schrankii Golden Tanager Tangara arthus Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala Saffron-crowned Tanager Tangara xanthocephala Golden-eared Tanager Tangara chrysotis Blue-browed Tanager Tangara cyanotis Flame-faced Tanager Tangara parzudakii Yellow-bellied Tanager Tangara xanthogastra Spotted Tanager Tangara punctate Blue-whiskered Tanager Tangara johannae Near Endemic Rufous-throated Tanager Tangara rufigula Bay-headed Tanager Tangara xanthogastra Rufous-winged Tanager Tangara lavinia Golden-naped Tanager Tangara ruficervix Metallic-green Tanager Tangara labradorides Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis Golden-hooded Tanager Tangara larvata Masked Tanager Tangara nigrocincta Beryl-spangled Tanager Tangara nigroviridis Blue-and-Black Tanager Tangara vassorii Black-capped Tanager Tangara heinei Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia Opal-crowned Tanager Tangara callophrys Swallow Tanager Tersinia viridis Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata Yellow-tufted [Black-faced] Dacnis Dacnis egregia Yellow-bellied Dacnis Dacnis flaviventer Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Scarlet-breasted Dacnis Dacnis berlepschi

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Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Golden-collared Honeycreeper Iridophanes pulcherrimus Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira Cinereous Conebill Conirostrum cinereum Blue-backed Conebill Conirostrum sitticolor Capped Conebill Conirostrum albifrons Giant Conebill* Oreomanes fraseri* Glossy Flowerpiercer Diglossa lafresnayii Black Flowerpiercer Diglossa humeralis White-sided Flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera Diglossopis indigotica Deep-blue [Golden-eyed] Flowerpiercer Diglossopis cyanea Diglossopis caerulescens Diglossopis cyanea Black-backed Bush Tanager Urothraupis stolzmanni Tanager Finch* Oreothraupis stoltzmanni* Ash-breasted Sierra Finch Phrygilus plebejus Plumbeous Sierra Finch Phrygilus unicolor Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Variable Seedeater Sporophila murallae Caqueta Seedeater Sporophila murallae Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis Ruddy-breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta Chestnut-bellied Seedeater Sporophila castaneiventris Thick-billed Seed Finch Oryzoborus funereus Plain-colored Seedeater Catamenia inornata Paramo Seedeater Catamenia hemochroa Dull-colored Grassquit Tiaris obscura Plushcap Catamblyrhynchus diadema

SALTATORS, GROSBEAKS & ALLIES Cardinalidae Highland Hepatic Tanager Piranga hepatica Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea Ochre-breasted Tanager Chlorothraupis stolzmanni Southern Yellow Grosbeak Pheucticus chrysogaster Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus Slate-colored Grosbeak* Saltator grossus* Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Black-winged Saltator Saltator atripennis Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens Blue-balack Grosbeak* Cyanocompsa cyanoides*

MAMMALS Total species recorded: 25

DEER Cervidae White-tailed [Paramo] Deer Odocoileus virginianus montana

PECCARIES Tayassuidae White-lipped Peccary Tayassua pecari

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WEASELS Mustelidae Tayra Eira Barbara Andean [Long-tailed] Weasel Mustela frenata

RACCOONS, etc. Procyonidae Kinkajou Potos flavus Olinguito Bassaricyon neblinae

BATS Chiroptera Lesser Long-nosed Bat leptonicternis yerbabuena White-lined Sac-winged Bat Saccopteryx bilineata Greater Bulldog Bat Noctilio leporinus Tent-making Bat Uroderma bilobatum

ARMADILLOS Dasyprocidae Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus nevomcinctus

RABBITS Leporidae Forest Rabbit [Tapeti] Sylvilagus brasiliensis

NEW WORLD MONKEYS Cebidae Lemurine Night Monkey Aotus lemurinus longirostris Spix’s Night Monkey Aotus vociferans spixii Veneuelan Red Howler Alouatta seniculus Common Woolly Monkey Lagothrix lagotricha White-fronted Capuchin Cebus albifrons Common Squirrel Monkey Saimiri sciureus Dusky Titi Monkey* Callicebus moloch* Saddleback [Napo] Tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis lagonotus

CAPYBARA Hydrochoeridae Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris

AGOUTIS Dasyproctidae Central American Agouti Dasyprocta punctata Black Agouti Dasyprocta fuliginosa

SQUIRRELS Sciuridae Western Dwarf Squirrel Microsciurus mimulus Red-tailed Squirrel Sciurus granatensis

Rockjumper Birding Ltd c/o Summit Trust Mtius Ltd Suite 3 Grand Baie Business Park Grand Baie, Mauritius Tel (USA & Canada) toll free: 1-888-990-5552 Email: [email protected] Alternative email: [email protected] Website: www.rockjumperbirding.com