THE HERACLEIDAE
OF EURIPIDES, :
Camtriirgt;
PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A, AT THE UI^IVERSITY PRESS. : LQar 89 her
Ijitt Iprtss Smts
THE HERACLEIDAE OF EURIPIDES
WITH IXTRODUCTIOX, ANALYSIS, CRITICAL AXD
EXPLAXA TOR XO T£S,
BV
EDWARD ANTHONY BECK, M.A. FELLOW, ASSISTANT TUTOR, AXD CLASSICAL LECTURER OF TRINITY HALL, CAMBRIDGE.
EDITED FOR THE SVXDICS OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
aTambritigc AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
HanHon CAMBRIDGE WAREHOUSE 17 Paternoster Row Cam&riDge DEIGHTON BELL AXD CO 3LcqjM3 F. A. BROCKHAUS IS82
lAU Rights icscrz-cJ]
TO MY FA THE.
CONTEXTS
PAGE
Preface ix
Introduction xi
Summary of Pflugk's Prooemium . . . . xiv
Note on the Dramatis Pcrsonae xvi
Text i
Epitome of the Plot 41
Critical Commentary 47
Explanatory Notes 59 English Index 121
Greek Index 123
PREFACE
The text and numbering of this edition is, with one or two trifling alterations in punctuation, that of Dindorf, in the Poetae Scenici (the stereotyped edition of 1865). The editions to which most reference has been made are those of Elmsley', Pflugk, Botha and Mr Paley. Indebt- edness to the three first has in most cases of importance, and to the last, it is believed, in all cases, been acknow- ledged. The Critical Commentary does not profess to do more than notice and put into handy shape such of the more important or more instructive variations of text, as the more advanced student should generally be acquainted with. For further details the full critical commentary of Pflugk can be consulted ; for an account of the older editions, the
Preface of Elmsley; and for an account of the j\ISS., Pflugk, Prooemium ad fiiwn. The readings of the Aldine edition or of the MSS. are for brevity referred to as "orig."
The Explanatory Notes, it is hoped, will be found
sufficiently comprehensive for the more advanced students : but the aim has also been to leave unnoticed no point*
1 The minute and yet extensive second paragraph, learning of Elmsley is marvellous. ^ For beginners this play is In such labours is the foundation adapted. The dialogue is simple,
of all our knowledge. But for a idiomatic, and spirited ; the cho- loftily contemptuous estimate of ruses are fine and not complicated;
them, it amuses one to refer to the the difficult passages are but few ; late Lord Lytton's Felham, chap- and the theme is noble. ter LXIII, towards the end of the PREFACE.
Avbich would be likely to present difficulties to those in an earlier stage \ Of the parallel passages referred to in the notes, the more important have, to save trouble, been quoted at length ; the numbering of the lines being in all cases that of the " Poetae Scenici." But the careful reader will of course work with this volume, as well as grammar and lexicon, by his side.
Passages have only been translated where it seemed that the point to be brought out could be most simply explained by translation. In other cases the student has been left to do his own work. The chorus-metres, since the few peculiarities in them have been noticed in the accessible edition of Mr Paley, have been left without comment. A full scheme or map of each is given in Pflugk. To Mr A. W. W. Dale, Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Trinity Hall, I am much indebted for careful revision of the notes, both in MS. and in proof, and for the references to Madvig and Goodwin. The Explanatory Notes on lines I20 and 384 are his; as also those on lines i86, 213, 232, 330, 336, .409, 439, 466, 479; and portions of a dozen others. E. A. B. Trinity Hall, March, iSSr.
1 These should be taught to guised protases of conditional sen- notice the reason for and con- tences, as in 732. It is also struction of every indirect mood, excellent practice, with or without participle, preposition, and - : the book, to analyse and to para- prepositions, whether apart or in phrase the dialogue ; and thus to points of those composition ; participles, whether bring out the com- concessive, as in 733, 814, 999; plex retorts and hinted arguments dis- in a Greek Tragedy. causal, as in 757 ; or forming which abound :
IXTRODUCTION
The Heradeidae of Euripides differs from most Greek tra- gedies in the fact that its subject^, though drawn period of dramatic legend, '^ from the usual cycle and JJi-ond^^^*^* is treated with a direct eye to contemporary events.
In this it resembles the Persae- of Aeschylus. The Persae is,
indeed, a finer play, since it was written in more stirring times, when a momentous crisis had united in a common aim the states of Hellas, and roused to finer consciousness the patriotism of Athens. But again, by the var with Sparta, had been evoked an enthusiasm of nationality, more limited but no less strong. To this emotion, utterance was given by the Heracleidae,\\\nch, written in the tension of strife, abounds with allusions, encou- ragements and appeals to the love of country and the champion-
ship of the weak 2. Conspicuous amongst these is the following
aei ' rjde yaia (\: (3-9) a couplet which gives noble and epigrammatic expression to a
1 Mr Paley, judging () from the touches in the scene where old shortness of the play, { from the lolaus arms for battle : though fewness and brevity of its choruses, possibly their effect was intended thinks that the Heradeidae, like to be entirely pathetic. the Alcestis and probably also the ^ For similar plots Mr Paley Rhesus, vas the fourth in a tetra- refersto Aesch.vS"/^///., Eur. 6>////.,
logy ; thus filling the place of the and Soph. Oed. Col. usual Satyric drama, such as the ^ Compare lines 62, 304—306, Cyclops. 'These plays he calls 957, and especially 284 — 2S8, and Pro-Satyric. His vieAV seems to 352. be supported by the quasi-comic ;
xii INTRODUCTION. principle of action which our own country has boasted to be her traditional aim. Scene as well as subject must have kindled the ardour of
the audience : since Marathon, where Athens, as
' the champion of Hellas, had turned the tide of barbarism, is pictured as destined to be threatened, and in fact was at that moment threatened, by those whose fathers had been saved by Athens. Besides the patriotic nature of subject and of scene, promi-
nence is given to three national characteristics on so are the vir- -which the Athenians speciallv plumed themselves : tues described. ^ ' ^ Piety to the gods, Patronage of the miserable, and Pride in noble blood. Athens, as a Democracy, proud of the universal suffrage of her citizens, justifies and founds that pride on her faith in their nobility of manners and of hereditary instinct.
Thus the subject, the prevalent underlying idea, and as it were the hero of the drama, is Athens, in her atti- In fact, The tude or character of free champion of the oppressed. nation is the _ . , ,.^. . , . hero. It IS true that at difterent times our sympathies are concentrated now on the troubles of Demophon as a constitutional ruler, now on the heroic self-sacrifice of Macaria, now on the equally heroic bearing of the doomed Eurystheus and that lolaus, who is the most prominent and continuous actor, is in a sense the hero. But the characters in the plot are meant to excite in themselves and in their time an interest wholly secondary to that aroused by the suggested parallel with contemporary events. The disjointed nature of the Plot^ has been much complained
of. It has been asserted that the interest ceases
^^""^ u'^^^ when the climax is reached, when the sacrifice of
]\Iacaria secures the victory of Athens ; and that the rest is detail, foreseen already, and wearisome. To this
complaint the following should be sufficient answers : that to the then Athenian audience the details of the consequent Athe- nian victory, culminating in the Pro-Athenian Prophecy of
1 An epitome of the Plot will be found at the end of the text. —
INTRODUCTION. xiii
Eurystheus, was a most exciting consummation : and that to create this excitement, and not to invent a technically correct plot, was probably the main intention of the author.
If it may be again objected, that the story, as a whole, thus constituted, is not a true tragedy : there can at , Is the, plav a , , , . . r least be no doubt of the artistic correctness of the legitimate Tra- ^^ ^ several themes : or that the plight and deliverance of the Heracleidae, the self-sacrifice of Macaria, and the fearless death of Eurystheus, are each of them worthy subjects of tragedy: while the references to the existing life-struggle of
Athens lend as it were continuity to the whole, and wrap it all in a tragic atmosphere. This conclusion will be confirmed by careful collation of the plot, taken both in sections and in its entirety, with the canons laid down in Aristotle's definition of Poetry {Poetics^ C. 6) : eanv oZv - Ku\ TeXeias, /xe'ye^oy €' Xo-yo), iv ' anayyeXias, ' €8 ,, .eXeov "Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is impor- tant, entire, and of a proper magnitude ; by language embellished and rendered pleasurable, but by different means in different parts; in the way, not of narration, but of action; effecting, through pity and terror, the correction and refinement of such passions."
As minor points it ma>^ be noticed (1) that the proverbial Athenian delight in minute argument and litigation '° is gratified throughout the play, (i) By the dispute J^e'^f^^?'^ of lolaus and Demophon with the herald by ; (2) the perplexed debate which Demophon holds with himself how he may reconcile his championship of the refugees with a con- stitutional policy ; (3) by the enforced admiration of the noble death of the enemy Eurystheus, and the excellent case which he is made to establish for himself. And again (II) that two principles of International Law seem so clearly alluded to that we may fairly as- sume them to have existed, at least as tacit customs, \^^^ Law"^^' in the time of Euripides, (i) The Argive claim to 5 :
xiv INTRODUCTION.
the persons of the Heracleidae is (line 139) grounded on a pre-
sumed practice of the extradition of pohtical criminals. (2) The Athenians are made to state, as an exceptional fact (line 966), which they take credit for, that they kill only in fair fight, and do not put to death their prisoners of war. A summary of the Plot will be found at the end of the text and the probable date of the production of the play will be gathered from the second and third paragraphs of the summary of the Prooemium of Pflu^k which here follows.
Summary of Parts of Pflugk's Prooeinium.
It has been said that the Heracleidae is bad both in plot and in treatment. This statement is unfair. A great Justification of author may infringe the variable, though not the fundamental, laws of tragedy. He may set a pre-
cedent which need not be followed. He may write, that is, for
once, and if the times demand it, "ad captandam auram popu- larem, et temporis causa." Such work we should consider "quasi spectemus fabulam, non quasi legamus." The design of the plot, its national and temporary character, was deliberate The momentousness of the crisis justifies that design. Boeckh, from lines 284 sq. (cf. also 353 sq., and 759 sq.), con- jectures the Heracleidae to have been written 01.
S'Toeckh!"^'"^ 90. 3, B.C. 418 S "quumruptofoedereArgivipacem cum Laconibus ferrent, Atheniensibus autembellum inferrent." Cf. Thuc. v. 76 sq. In the following year, the popular party was restored at Argos, and peace again made between Argos and Athens. Cf. Thuc. V. 82 ^
1 This is the date to which Mr Spartan kings. Paley leans. Argos, he thinks, is ^ Cf. Thirlwall's History of attacked for entering into a treaty Greece, c. xxiv. pp. 345, 352 — edition) with Sparta ; while Sparta is re- (Cabinet Encyclopaedia ; minded that Athens had protected and Grote, c. LVI. pp. 362—370 from Argos the ancestors of the (edition of 1870). ;
INTRODUCTION,
But Bocckh, in regarding the play to refer to an outbreak of hostilities with Argos, relies on individual passages. ^
• Datcaccording ^ , , , , , . Taken as a whole, the play points to enmity not so to piiugk. much against Argos as against Sparta. Against
Argos it was momentary ; against Sparta, deep and long, (i) The Spartans had notoriously broken their pledges, instance
Platacae. (2) From line 2>n it would seem that peace had been broken, and that the Athenians wished to seem driven to war
against their will. (3) The inroads of Sparta are alluded to in line 1034. It is probable that Euripides wished to protest
against a threatened violation of the tetrapolis. (4) The men- tion of Sparta by name is in line 742 forcibly dragged in. The frequent mention of Argos as an enemy was a necessity of the plot : but the audience would take the allusions as referring to Sparta, whom they hated most and longest. The date, then, judging from (2), is probably neither earlier than 01. 87. |, B.C.
431, o^, nor much later than 01. 88. 2, B.C. 427.
At any rate, the regularity of the metre proves it to be one of the earlier plays of Euripides. Cf. note on line 211.
[Pflugk, in the course of his Prooeniium, amongst other subjects, further observes : (i) The Athenians thoroughly believed the legend that the Heracleidae had been saved by them. Cf. the Decree in Dem. de Cor. § 1S6 ; and references in Pfl. Pr. p. 9. The Peloponnesians in their annual inroads abstained from places at which the Heracleidae were said to have found refuge. Cf. Diod. Sic. xii. 45. (2) To illus- trate the Athenian passion for oracles during the \var, Pflugk refers to
Ar. Eqiiitcs 797, 965, 1002 ; and Thuc. ii. 54. See also Ar. Avcs
^ B.C. 431. The date of the 431. \\^ adX^ ^^ Heracleidae commencement of the Pelopon- can therefore be assigned to either nesian war. Cf. Thirlwall, end of about B.C. 430, or to B.C. 418 : to c. XIX. and beginning of c. XX. the former date, if the allusions Grote, c. xlviii. — We know that in the play are taken as referring the Medea, the oldest surviving to the outbreak of the var with tragedy of Euripides (with the Sparta; to the latter, if it is exception of the Rhesus), M-as thought that the poet's object was written B.C. 432, The subsequent to protest against the treaty of plays Avere therefore written dur- B. C. 418 between Sparta and ing the M'ar wliich broke out B. c. Argos. xvi INTRODUCTION.
passim. To gratify this passion, Euripides has here invented the oracle which he puts into the mouth of Eurystheus : whom, in the teeth of the tradition, he saves from dying at the hands of lolaus. (3) Pflugk defends the Heracleidae against the promiscuous abuse of Schlegel (dt art. -. Vol. I. p. 260). (4) He combats the opinion of Hermann, who argued (see Pfl. Pro. p. n) that a portion of the Heracleidae, sup- posed to have contained the lamentations and other sequel on the death of Macaria, had been omitted. These would have been foreign to the purpose of the play, which is {a) to display the pietas of Athens, (3) to prophesy her success. (Ar. Eq. 214, which is said by the Scholiast in loc. to be taken from Eur. Herad. , was probably quoted from a similar play, the lost lolaus of Sophocles.)]
Note on the Dramatis Personae.
I. Protagonistes = first lolaos, then Eur}'stheus.
II. Deuteragonistes = first Demophon, then Alcmena. III. Tritagonistes = (in order) Copreus, IMacaria, Attend- ant, and Herald. IV. , Acamas, who accompanies Demo- phon ; and the remaining children of Heracles.
The story is, as usually, represented as occurring in one day and at one place (Marathon): and, to preserve this dramatic necessity, the inter^^al necessary for the absence of Demophon is hurried over. He departs at 352 to make the military prepa- rations which, on his return in 389, he announces as completed. TOT :^. . .
. . ' ,;? ?" €V * ev - e^ Ikclvov . i^ , ^^, - ^ ^•€ . ,^ - , . ^^, Be \ * . ", iav evyev- € ), € - KTCtvat',•€.', , \'',^ . . 2
lOAAOS. TlakaL earl /^^, rot? , * 6 €9 \ € TToXet ^<; , * '^' olSa ' , 5 yap avyyeve^ , "Apyo^ valeLV^ ^ eh ^.\6€, ^ 7]' ' valei, \ ', iirel yap ^9 ^, * ^.^ ! ,' ^ ' . eyoev ' ., 5 yap ' ' '? ^ ' ?}? * ^; eLpyeL ^, 20 ^'?, ' . — OL , € €€, Be rovaSe
,yrj^. iyw Be <',, ,' ) ' " , €7€ *1\\ ?.", '^ ', ^ <\ , '
; ; . ' . 75 . ******} ; . \ ^ eXxei . 6 ' . ) eK jrj<;, yepov, so
TrepaOev ; ' ; . , , , ' " '^ . 85 . , ykpov, . ? ; ^' jap . . €' ' ,.ev 90 . *\€ ' ,/., . , ^ 95 . , , ; . ' 'pyo' ,. . ^, , . € ' ' yap ' . . y , 05 . ^ .^- . y 7payv , . y. no ,. ^ 7 , yijv iXevOepav. * . Tt9 '< ; . ? 6 ^?. 5 . ? /' dy(ov rt? TovSe \oyov . , €' tcIXXu^' ,./ * ?, ^' \<.
€7r€L7r€p . 20 6<; ,< 8''eV ,^ ,. . 66<,^? ',^, ? m iSelTO . ^ . ^ ; . VLV ^' ' ' ^ , , . . y ", ' * pya . 3 y . . ^Kpyl * yap . ' * Xyv ., 135 ' ' , , Xyv . ^Apyo yap ^Apyo , , 40 eKeWev '"SUacoc ' . Be '^^ eV ' ?,. hs ,^cOOC ,TLV €9 cre ' y ?' 50 * yap, , ; * , ' 35 '^;? ^ . ' ,\< ^ /' yap > } ,^ ''. , ^ ^ ' ^, ' \6yov i6j , ; , ' , ,. , , /' . ' 70 yap *ApyoV ' 9 - .^ € ^ iiraipeL, )? , BiepyaaOecT . * ' , € 175 ^, \ oirep , •}<; , kXeaOai, ). . Kpiveiev Xcyyov, 80 ' ) ; . , ' iv rij ] , elnrelv iv, ., Be ' ovBev iv ' ^iirel yap,"? ovBev^i' ,en, 85 * ayoL , ; yap iev. ' eyeLv * pyo yJ; ^ y' yap *Apyev ' y. yap iLv, ^ ^ *, , } } , ' *pyo //, irep XyeL, 95
el , yap * X6yo , ^ * ' ^ '^ .' ' yap 2 Trap* iXoL . * yap \ ' Be ^ oW / , * ? 205 , iireLTTep - ^' , ?, Be ^; , ' € r^evvarai, ©. Be ^ yevo<;. '.\< ^ re 7rat9, 210 ] Be ? ^;' ' < € ,'yey(u . WpyeioL^ l^eti/. 265 . / ' ' rye . . <; € . . ' '? "? 8<; irakLV. . 8 y , . € , . . 27 . 7/30? ^/ 7] 6evelv. . ^ /z.r; 7' 6 . . ' rovSe , . . -' yap ? ; . " /; 275 ^ ' /^ ',^ ' '' ravOevBe . ' 2so 6 yfj ^^ \ ' yap ' '^'^ ", yLt?; <^^ . ' yap "?. . ' ^: 285 ^/ ySta '' yap *ApyLv . ,\ ' ^. ' ^pyv' ofj)? " 6 ^, 200 ' Totat . yap , pyov yLyvovv. VLV , 235 ^ .. 1 3 . € yepa^, € KayaOod , ya^elv ' ? , sco ,6v€lSo^ ^ 7] . yap 'qvykveC € Svayeveia^ ' yap € ' yyevel ', ' 305 7;//9 77•» . €, ,, ?^.Se^iav , , ? € , ' ^ ,,), 3 \yi]v , . y 35 ot yrjv TlXayov '^, '' ' y , , ., , , '? Xyv ' , ! ' ' ? ,, 325 ^ Tvy ? 14 € ' eva iv ? €vpoi<; ? € , . del ^ rjhe ^ sso TOLyap . ^, ' '^ ?. . ev , * ?, yepov, eaeaOaL' <;. ^ ^^, 325 \ ? ^ TToWfj ^ . , \ € ' yap "Apyec '' 340 , . /, yap , y , ' ^ yipov. . ,. , * ' 345 ' yvo ' «?, ' ' WpyLv, ' yap "}1 , ' ,' *., ' 350 yap ? , . ^/ ,^, . , pyv ' 355 yaXr|yopaLV.y . 1 5 < ^^ * <; ^' * ''Apyei 360 €. ^;' ttOXlv iXdwu eripav . ovSev < "'-, € ''^ 365 feVo? €€, , • . y €<;' .370 \ , , ttqXlv , '^ . ^^,.' s7j aW^j ^^, . ,, '. 380 ; '^/ ); yap y Xyo' 6 yap pay6 ^ 385 , ^^., ^ dyav . i6 . rjKCL ^ ^Apyecov ' iycu VLV elSov. tlvBpa yap , 390 payeLV \, dyyeXotat . Trehia y * , ' , ' \yoL ,, 395 \ ^ * ',' yL * ^ , 4 ' ,. '^"'' 405 , yfj . '• ez^ yva )' ^, yvo, ' , , 4 ' ' '' vay, ; , 45 Xyvv pyv, ayopovv' . , r; .-^ ? 420 € , Kuyuu 8\. 'yap ', .€' . ' 17 ia ^eo? 425 aprjyeLv ') , ; . €\ ^, '^ €'€<; dypiov €9 ^^ yfj , e? . 430 Be 6< ^' ^, ' ^;, ? . \ ; yap too \ ei 435 "' . ' \ y <. , ' . 70 yap ; 440 ;yaia^ ; dya \ , ., TL , , , 445 ypacv ^'. ^, , . 450 . 2 i8 ^' ^ ;.^ yap € ^ 'Apyeloiaiv rwvb\ ^ € KivBvveve rk ' Set ^' . 455 ' , ^'' ^ yap,. ' , ,yap ^ ''^. 4C0 ^ yap , ' yevoLT 6€ . yevvala ' , '.. 405 / yap yepovo , ; . heivov yap eyevel re ' ". 470 ' ei TLV , 6\ '' . , . ' yap ' 475 yap ' yvaLl Ly , ' - . ' ,, vayv, , yvo. 2 19 yap. p,eke(, Be 480 ' ? '/ ^,' TTveiadaL, Vt ? < . , arjv BaKvec . ^ €<; alvelv €%. 485 Be ^ ev iraXcv - ? -^' " yap ?, oBe }?, 490 el , * iroXiv. '-') yap , Xyc , Xiyec , TL -, 495 yalav ., . ; . , y '^pay6. . - € ^Apyov ' 500 y yap , yepov, ay. yap, ? yav, Be, ,; 505 BtJt, yXo , ' ^, sic ' ' ; 2— 20 , , Trjah\ , yelpa^ et9 -, heLva"76<;^ evyevov^. ' ^, 55 \ ; ? ??» ^ ', :9, ; ^^;' fyap ' , ^., 5C0 8 , iXTriS* '' yap ^ ^ . yup -^ ; 525 . aXXrj ', y. y' 8 ^ , '\ ho' ' ' 8 yap ^ 530 ' ayyXXoaL. yap, ^^ . . , , yav Xoyov 535 , ; yvvao X6yo . ,, ,; ' 540 ' 8' 2 1 ' Tot9 ?9 XoyoLat,.rrj . ' fi ' Sevpo ^ KaXetv, * virep" 545 * ; , . , rrj tv^tj * ' <; yap ,' ^, yepov. ' €1 ', ^, 550 88^ ^, ' . . ^ . ' \6yo^, ' * ^ Xoyov. 555 ', oijS* , , ' . . ', ' , ' , ' } yap ' 56 ' ay ', . ., ' . [), , 565 . ' \yvav . ',, ' , ' 570 yvav '. TL• yapovTa , 22 ' ' . ^. , , , ' ,'e? ,. 575 ' ^.' 580 , ., . \ & ,^ ^. kal ypalav ^ 585 . airaWayrj } ,' ' yap , . 500 ', ' yap 6L7J 76 . , * 0701 ' yap 595 yLov . . ', yLov , ^yvav,' , " ' yap , eoo y ,'," , \' . . 23 Lf; , €09 ovre 7€7<€, 605 ' € ^ ' . ' '' 625 >; ', ' ' ^. ., . , ". '? ; 6 . , y . . ^, ^', . ^ , y . 24 . , . 635 . y€poPT6<; ^; . . ye - '. ' el . 9 ; ^ ; . '^ ' ^ ; 640 . \ €(; ; . y . . ' ,^\\ , ', <; /?. yap Lyevv ^ .<; el yeveaL. 645 ' eyo ; ', ? ' "? ; y , ' , ^, ' ' y . 6 ' ^ , ypcvoLV yvL. . , ypaL, , ^Apyv , ? €. 655 TL yap yyXov . ; . , ^> ? ?. yap . ^ ' ^ ; . ^? yyeXXi . . , ^ yyXaLv. eco vcv ; /? py ' , ; 25 .^ \' e . -. . Tovh' ' ^ /;. 6G5 . ' ' epyov . ByJTa pay . ; TL 7\7] . * ; . ' ^' . . , , * . 670 . ' hi) \at6v . yap . pyov ; . 8 ya . TC ' . Wpyov ; . payov . 675 . ; '; . -' '' yap . . 680 . dyy ' yap oLyv, ^ . , .. . ,y ] .. ' Bl 685 . ; y ; . , . . , , .. . \' y . . 690 . . . y ., ' . . XyLV;. 2 . ear* ev evhov 695 8\ '^ '€<;'' ^' , ^. evey^ ? ^ . -^ 'yap ylyveraL , 700 , \ , < ' . aoVy ' ' hk . '? ; ^ ' ' ,, 705 '^. ? . ' . ' <', " . yap ' . ', . ]< , y ; . * yivoiTO, . , .) ; . ' , , . 7J5 . yap , ' . . . y, . . - ' ' . , ' 720 ' ,. ')? yv, ", yvv6y 2/ .'* ' . 72 . ' * ^ € ' , €,ez/^e? ,. . 'yap ^^'^ ; . . 730 . ^ . . '^' .. . ; . . 735 . , . ' . ; . . ^' . . . yap . '^ . '€\ ,,, 740 ,' ^. ' ' , 745 ^' 'yap . . . aya, 1 dy ?, 755 ,7€ . BeLvov ^ . ' 760 \ 79, el ". 765 ,Zei;9 ^, , €<; exec' , ', , 'yap ^ . 770 ? , ? re , ' ^ ^ <; ^ApyoOev' yap y 77 7\<; . . ,<; , re . 780 ^ < * - . , .<^ ^, . 785 29 ,. ISpverat aeOev. . \ ijSe ^ rolahe Be ' ,iXeuOepoL^' 700 yap ec . . ^ y . . ; . , y ^;. . ' tc r)yvo 705 ; ; .. ' ypovo . aycuva yyTKaL• . . ? <^ol ' yap 8 ",., , /, ^Apyv , yalav , 803 '^ ' pyL , , yo \ . 8 ' ^, ^aWay € ^^. 6 ' Xyv ) , pay , ' ')? ,? 85 ? <6. "?^^ e? ' €< \ €76 hu ?, , ',. 820 ' ' ,'^ ' 7apyyXX^ >7], 825 " rrj } ' ,rrj ) ." ' 6 ^"'^/ -. * } 830 aaXiTtyyt, -^ , TLV Trarayov , vayov olyv ^ ; W.pyo ^ ' ^ , 835 8 , ' eV avhpi , ')' ' . , ^, ^Apyv yv 840 , ; pyv8 yv . ', 6 "8 '? vlv , 845 ,' ' 8 3 1 .Sevpo ' /' , . yap ^ ,\\, , 850 ' "} \ 'yeveaOao . yap vyo Xvyaifo ' 8^5 Xeyovat y " '' 6 ' . . ' ? ^, 86 ^ /, ' } '), , 865 ,' , . . ZeO , . . ZeO, / ' ' ''payvv . 870 , ,^ , 875 , ' , \ .^pyvo 32 ? ttotg " 880 '-'' yap ., . , ? ? } . y , 885 ^ ^}' yap hovvai 8. ', ', , , \oyov' "' 890 -- yvvao . . , Xya . ^', 8 . dp* 895 ^ yap ^. 900 , , ' . 68' , ' 6 )? , Xyv 905 \ yap 7apayyXX, . 33 earcu ev . . re09 jovo^, yepaia, /,\6yov ?^ ' Becva ^?, "HySa? ^ 95 \e;^o? ' . W 'T/xeWi6, ' 609 ^. ' . yap ^' ^^ 920 \eyo ?, \6 , €^6 ' , - . 925 .. 70\ , ' ^ yov ,, oyjrLV, ' 930 yap ^ , , ^, ), . 935 ''? '? € Be ' dyLv, . 3 34 ' € yap ? ^ ^' . &40 elXe . , € ; ^ \ Sevp' , ' yap ^ ert* , yap , 95 ? ^ ' iralh^ iravodpy , , ; yap ; ' '^ vlv aryay^ Xyv ; ' * yap yhoLTO,. ,' ^ ? , , 933 ' ypova,. ,., ' ) yap , yavov. 960 . .. . pyL ) ). 965 . ' ; ; . y * . . ^ '' ; . ' , , ^' . . ^ €TL. 35 . 970 . ' . . € iv , . € <; , . * , elvai . . dp* , el . . ^' . 975 \ eVeiTrep ^ eh €, < .^} ' ' epyov 980 yovat,. . Beivov Tt dvBpa,TOvBe \^. 6 .«/ ' . \ ) ; : . ' ' yvac ; . ' yap ' yap ' . 025 , , ' ,, ),. 37 yap . 030 € ^ , € .iroXei €<; del , ^^ ' '^ 7\€<;, Bevpo TroXXfj "^ 035 ?' "^., ' },; . , ? 1040 ^ )< <; . 'yap ^ * ., . \ , 1045 ' 6\ ; yap, , , , 1050 Bovvac ' yap ^ . . \ .. yap , . 1 055 ANALYSIS. ACT I. Political. Athens engages to defend the exiled Argive Heracleidae against Eurystheus and against Argos. ACT II. [The episode or interlude of] Macaria, who offers herself to die for her family. ACT III. [The episode of] the infirm lolaus going to join the fray. ACT IV. Political. The victory of Athens over Argos. ACT V. Political. The prophecy of the Argive Eurystheus in favour of Athens against the ungrateful sons of the Heracleidae and against Argos. EPITOME OF THE DRAMA. I —352. Act I. Political. lolaus, who had been the companion of Heracles in his labours, is discovered clinging, with the young boys of Heracles, to the altar in front of the temple of Zeus at Marathon. I —54• lolaus soliloquises. He who lives for himself is useless. But I, who of my own will shared the toils of Heracles, now defend his fatherless children, who are driven by their father's foe, Eurystheus of Argos, from city to city : for with threats of the vengeance of Argos he forces men to drive them forth. At last we have come to Marathon, over which city Demophon, son of Theseus, and Athens are lords. And with us, but within the temple, is Alcmena the mother of Heracles, with his daughters. Hyllus, his son, has gone to seek if there be yet another city of refuge. —But once more I see the Herald of Eurystheus, who has come to drive us hence also. 55— 72. ^«/^r^ Copreus the Herald of Eurystheus. Copreus : Go back to Argos, to your doom. lolaus : Nay : for this altar of Zeus, and this free people, will protect me. Help ! 73—98• Enter the Chorus, citizens of Marathon : to whom lolaus sets forth his story and his claim. 99— 119. The Chorus remonstrate in vain with Copreus. Enter Demophon, who has heard the cry of lolaus. 120— 129. To him the Chorus state the case. 130— 133. D. to Copreus. Justify yourself. 134— 178• Copreus. Eurj'stheus of Argos claims his own. Hitherto that claim has been granted. These suppliants must think you foolish. For, consider, if you become the champion of babes you will gain nothing, but will lose : for defence of these will mean War \N-ith Argos. Surrender these, and a powerful state is your friend. 42 HERACLEIDAE. i8i — 231. lolatiSy to Demophon. Sire, in this countr}' 1 may plead my case. First: since (184— 190) they have disowned and exiled us from Argos, how can they claim us back? Next: (191 — 204) as for fear of Argos, free Athens would never—but I will not praise her to her face. Thirdly, (205 — 213) the claims of blood: your father and Heracles were kinsmen. Fourthly, (214— 222) the call of gratitude : since by Heracles was your father brought back from Hades. Lastly, (223— 231) besides all these, for pity's sake. 236—252. Demophon to lolaiis. Four things—Religion, Kinship, Gratitude, and Shame—constrain me. Betray, and to Argives?— (to the herald) Go, tell your master, the Courts are open : but force we will not endure. 253—273. Rapid interchange of arguments, (chiefly on the grounds above stated,) culminating in threats, between Demophon and Copreus. 274 — 283. Copreus. I go, then; but will return with Eurystheus and his host. Tremble at Argos. Exit Copretis. 284—287. Demophon^ to Chorus. Argos, quotha ! But Athens is dauntless and free. 288— 296. Chorus. True; but yet this is a crisis. What a coloured picture he will draw to his master ! 297—328. lolaus, to the Heracleidce. You see how great a thing it is to be nobly bom. For from all Hellas, the sons of Theseus alone are found to defend the defenceless. Never, in days to come, lift a hand against your saviour Athens, neither you nor your children.—Demophon, you are worthy of your father. 329—332. Chorus. Truly Athens was ever the friend of the friendless. 233—343. Dsmophon. can doubt that Heracles' children's children be grateful for this ! Retire within now, while I array my army. Exit D. 344—352. lolaus. Nay, we will abide at the altar. And may Pallas the Invincible defend the right ! lolaus remains. 353—380. Choral Ode I, closing Act I. The boasts of Argos shall not make Athens quail, nor surrender suppliants to violent hands. Her Empire is peace : but ill will he fare who shall touch the city of the Graces. EPITOME. 43 381 —607. Act II. 381—388. lolans (to Demophon re-entering). My son, what news? Eurystheus must come, I know : but Zeus will abate his pride. 389—424. Demophon. He has come. His camp is on our borders. We too are ready. Every oracle have I sought, and from all have one answer: "we succeed if ve sacrifice a maid of noble blood." Mine own, I will not : nor will I force my people. If I do not fight, they will blame me ; but if I shed the blood of their daughters, my people are not free, 427—460. lolaus. Then are we again blown back from harbour. The gods have willed our death. For myself I care not: surrender me^ instead of these. 464—473. Demophon. Not thee does Eurystheus seek, but the children of his foe. Nor is there any help for it. Jolatis groans aloud. 474—483. IVhereon enters^ from the temple, the daughter of Heracles, Macaria : Forgive this boldness in a maid who is the eldest of her brethren. What new woe is this ? 484—499. lolaus relates to Macaria the answer of the oracles, and what is practically the refusal of Demophon to help the Heracleidae further. 500—534. Macaria. Then fear no more. Lo, unbidden, I offer myself. Shall Athens risk her lives for us, and we, children of such a father, not offer our own for ourselves? And, (511) if I refuse, it will but be to die at the hands of Eurystheus, or to wander ever outcast as a coward. (526) My father's daughter has no choice. I die then, for my race. 539—54^• lolaus. You are indeed your father's child. But draw the lot with your sisters. 547—551• Macaria. Draw me no lots. Of my own will only will I die. 552 —557. lolaus. Do as you will. 558—563. Macaria. Be present at my death. — 44 HERA CLEIDAE. 564. lolaus. I cannot. 565, 6. Macaria. At least ask Deraophon that my own sex may attend me. 567— 575. Demophon. It shall be so. Say now your last words. Exit DemopJwn finally. 574—596. Macaria in a beautiful and simple speech takes farewell of lolaus and of the Heracleidae ; and exitfinally. 597—607. lolaus falls to the ground^ and there remains. 608—627. Choral Ode II, closing Act II. The gods put down the mighty from their seat, and exalt the humble and meek. —How great and lovely is a noble death ! 630—747. Act III. 630—645. Enters servant of Hylhis, with news that he, with an army, is at hand. lolaus calls from the temple Alcrnena, who, 66 thinking another 646 if, at first threatens the messenger, him emissary of Eurj'stheus ; but is reassured by lolaus, who 666—679, questions the messenger about the united armies of Hyllus and Demophon, and, 680— 701, finally asserting that he will himself join the battle, against much remonstrance wins his point, and sends the messenger to the temple for armour. 702 — 708. The Chorus protest, and 709— 719, Alcmena protests ; but, 720— 747, on the re-appearance of the messenger with the armour, lolaus, after painfully equipping himself, hobbles off supported by the dubious messenger, flinging as he goes an imprecation at Eurystheus. Alcmena remaijis. 748—783. Choral Ode III, closing Act III. The Chorus in this great but inevitable crisis invokes the aid of heaven and especially of Athena. EPITOME. 45 784—891. Act IV. Political. 784 — 798. Enters an Attendant (who answers the purpose of the usual ayyeXos) with news, that the combined forces are victorious, and that lolaus has wrought wonders. 799—866. In a long prjais the Attendant tells how Eur}'stheus (799 —818) having declined the challenge of Hyllus to single combat, each army (8 19— 823) after sacrifice made ready for battle. [This sacrifice is very briefly touched on.] And how {824—842) the battle raged with various fortune, till at the turn of the fight lolaus, (843—850) who had begged a chariot, started to pursue Eurystheus, and (85 1 —866) after prayer and with miracle grew young again and took and bound him and is here bringing him alive. 869—882. Alcmena thanking the Gods for this deliverance yet marvels that lolaus did not slay his captive. 883—891. The Attendant explains: the prisoner vas spared to glut the eyes of Alcmena. [But note that the poet for the following reason departed from the tradition that Eur}^stheus was slain in battle : that from an Argive mouth might issue, in the final act, the denunciation of Argos and the prophecy of Athenian success, Avhich would bring the drama to a political and a popular close.] 892—927. Choral Ode IV, closing Act IV. 892—900, Pleasant is weal after woe. 901 —909, Athens, thou art no loser by thy vorship of the gods. 910—918, Heracles, ve know now, is deified: 919—927, and his children have been preserved by the people of his patron Athena ; and pride hath had its fall. 928—1055. Act V. Political. 928—940. Enters to Alcmena a Herald with Eurystheus: Lo, I bring Eurystheus in chains. 941—960. Alcmena. Have I found thee, oh mine enemy? hast thou met a people thy match. Hence, and to thy doom. 961 —974. The Herald remonstrates in vain Avith Alcmena, that Athens slays foes in fair fight, not captives in cold blood. 40 HERACLEIDAE. 975 —9S0• Alcmena. But he is mine, nor shall any deliver him from mine hand. 983— 1017. Ewysthms. (983—990) I shall not cringe. But know that this quarrel with my kindred was none of my seeking, but was the will of Hera. When once therefore I knew my fate, and (991 —999) knew the greatness of my foe, I wrought my best to foil him, and therefore also my best against the inheritors of their father's hate, (rooo— 1008) You would have done the same. (1009— 1017) You dare not, if Athens dare not, slay me. But to me it is all one. 10 1 8, 9. Chorus. Spare him, since Athens would spare him. 1020— 1025. Alcmena. But I will please both myself and Athens: for I will slay his life, and then surrender his person. 1026— 1044. Eurystheiis. Slay on! But first in thanks to Athens I publish this oracle of Apollo:— that you bury me in your own land, in the place appointed by him. So shall I be friend to Athens and (1035, 7) foe to the [Peloponnesian] descendants of these children, when they invade this land. You ask, why did I meet my fate, if I foreknew it ? Thinking that Hera would uphold me against the oracle. But be sure that my death will be the Bane of Argos. 1045 — 1052. Alcmena (to her attendants). Take him out and slay him. Exennt omnes. 1053—1055. C/wwj departing : We agree; for so our hands are clean. CRITICAL NOTES. [Tvr abbreviations see head of Explanatory A''otes.'\ Elm., on the ground 7. ]^ is the original reading, that the adjective is often used for adverb; as in Hcc. 35, . Cf. $ in 180, and note. 19. 01] is orig., which form of the word Elm. would never adopt. Pfl. , on the ground that denotes rest, motion to, and is doubtful, and therefore well used here. Cf. 46, and Porson, Hecuba 1062. 21. )\ Elm., which, with , is orig. Reading , translate exaggerans jactansqiic. For ', 5 and were suggested by Elm. and Pfl. 41. ' orig. and Elm. 46. Cf. 19. orig., oTTOi Elm., Pfl., P. Cf. //ec. 419, ^- , and He^r. Ficr. 74, where some read 7^s. So also .i^z^^j 45, '. 52. orig., Elm., Pfl. 53. 5 for OS, in sense of ^Trei, is orig., and Pfl. 68. is the accepted reading; but Elm. altered it to . . is a correction from . 77. After this line, D.and Pfl. mark a line as omitted: but for this there seems no sufficient reason. 80. For \ (so P. and D. after Tyrvvhitt), ooe is read by orig., E., B., M., and Pfl.; in the sense of , heus tu. See Pfl., on the question whether ' can be so used. 83. is the accepted reading for , metri gratia. But see Elm., who holds that cannot be used in this sense, and prefers the form , for which he refers to Thuc. Vll. 33, and IV. 42, —On ' see Elm., who , — P., metri gratia. reads '. for ,. 103. / is accepted for airoXdneiy [Reiske suggested - — — 48 HERACLEIDAE, •Kiiv, decorticare, which Hermann approved]. But for > is read by orig., Elm., Pfl., M., Ti6. The reading in the text is that of orig.. Elm., M., P., &c. ^'* But Pfl. gives Trpos »' , Hermann 05 . . : not liking . for , nor Tts used in an intensitive sense. See Pfl. or P. 150. Elm. puts comma at 7', and reads re for [but, according to Pfl., afterwards retracted this latter.]. On 'EXATji'a as applied to ',3/>5 both nouns, see his note : in which he quotes Med. 1 366, ' (sc. ) € veoo^aTjres ", and T/ie^. 74» ^^^^ re ''/ € (sc. /iou) . Sometimes a preposition must be thus supplied, as irepl in 755; and sometimes even a word of opposite meaning, as in Orestes 742, €$ (sc. -) ' Keivov '' ijyayev. 131• ^/>7' is accepted for . ^' sense of 143• For , Elm. reads ', in the ' - avrQv, being persuaded that is never used by Eur. of any but the third person. But this is disputed ; see Pfl. 151. 7Jv was altered to tjs by Elm., who compares J/c'i/. 297, yap ^s apyias. 161. The orig. readings were 6$ and . Even if were retained, ]$, or some such word, must be understood. See Pfl. 163. has been added. dels is the accepted reading for (addictus). Elm. edited yrjs. 175. $, accepted for 05. Cf. Pfl. and P. 179. These two lines were originally given to Demophon ; but, from their sententious character, are best assigned to the Chorus. 1 80. cacpQs is accepted for . But Elm., following a well- known canon of criticism, retains . He observes: "exquisitius est adjectivum adA-erbii loco; ergo retineo." Cf. in 7. 197. is orig., and P. retains it, in the sense of . See his references. But others read : which is a conjecture of Elm., who however afterwards reinstated . 200. Trdpos accepted for $. 203, 4• and »/ were orig. both followed by ye, which was often thus inserted by copyists from a doubt about the quantity of the CRITICAL NOTES. 49 final syllable of those words; and is here in both places retained by Pfl. , as appropriately limiting the sense of the adverbs. 2ir. The orig. reading was €, which Elm. altered to , and Pfl. to , following the authority of Plutarch, Theseus 7. If € were read, it would have to be taken as meaning "first cousins once removed," and €'/=€'/€.—For - yarpbs, Elm. in his Bacchae suggested 7rat5os, on the ground that, with dvyarpos, the line would be the only one in this play containing two tribrachs. Pfl. 721 — 225. Paley brackets these five lines, thus making the two speeches exactly the same length. Lines 97, 98 are almost the same as 221, 222. Line 225 occurs in A/c. 390. Line 223, from its faulty metre, is of doubtful authority. —For pis ?v re iroXei , $ € Ty iroXei, and $ re ^ , have been proposed. Pflugk with great probability, after Hermann, reads , "not to say an evil in the state." So B., but translates "is an evil to thee alone in the state ;" quoting also the rendering of Erfurdt, "tibi privatim turpis fuerit haec publica injuria." Consult Pfl. or P. 226. Elm. has no comma between and xepoiv, which he would render "I wreathe thee" (that is, I supplicate thee) "with my hands." He compares Androm. 894, ' -^ cols yovaaiv $. 228. was altered by Elm. to , on the analogy oi I/erc. Fur. 608, oi'/c Beovs irpoaeiweiv. Cf. lOII. But Pfl. notes that gives a stronger meaning than . 232. The orig. reading was , which Elm. altered to €^. But the reading in the text has the authority of three MSS. See Pfl. 237. Tovabe is the emendation of Elm. for toi>s $, Avhich is retained by Pfl. and P., in the sense of "those whom you have brought." 245. 6 is accepted for , vhich Elm. retains, putting a full stop after yatav. He thinks that there is a double , (i) that a stranger should violate the altar, (2) that an asylum should be denied to refugees. 247. The orig. reading is , taken adverbially. 253• ^ T€ is accepted for y . 2 55. The orig. reading was ... . Elm. reads ... ] "Is it not that the disgrace of this action is mine, and {aWa = ) no injur}• accrues to you?"— P. and B. read B. 4 — 50 HERACLEIDAE. with Musgrave, .,. ov ^, "mihi ig'itur hoc turpe est, non tibi damnum."—Musgrave would punctuate , ' , " \$.— Pfl. reads ..., $, esto ; mihi id turpe, ut tibi noxa" (sc. to defend them). The orig. ZT, which is inadmis- sible on the ground of metre, points, as P. observes, to OX. — See Hermann in P, 263. ye was inserted by Elm., (whom Pfl. follows, but not P.) on the ground that the sense requires such limitation. 268. ovK S.p was 'altered by Elm. to ', i.e., rot &, on the ground that the latter phrase is exceedingly common at the be- ginning of a line. 286. Elm. \ 298. This and the six following lines are copied in Stobaeus, who adds, after ^, rots . 301. For \nreiv Matth. conjectured and reads . 304. €€ is the orig. reading, retained by Pfl. —For , Stobaeus in his quotation gives TrXeovres. 317. The orig. reading was which is retained by Elm., Pfl. and P., who translates ",have rid us of, and taken on them- selves." The reading in the text was suggested by Pfl. Matth. and B. after Musgrave. 320. The orig. davris is retained by Matth. and B. in the sense of *' mortuus mortuum laudabo." The present tense ^$ must refer to an action during life, ^ is therefore inapplicable. 321. For > Pfl. prints Wau, and Herm. and B. rdv. 322. The orig. would be present tense for future. But in all I Attic future forms of there is incessant confusion. Cf. Cobet, Van'ae Lectiones p. 606. In Eur. Siippl. 554 occurs alpei. 344. Pfl. ]Matth. and B. retain the orig. ^. 355. The orig. reading was ^eiv' 'ApybOev . If this is — retained, $ in 364 must be read for the orig. $. in a hostile sense, as 393 -€. 356. The orig. readings -- and in 365 were altered metri gratia. CRITICAL NOTES. 51 364. QeOiv is here monosyllabic. 372. \ altered from ) which is retained by Elm. and . 373. Kd ( = ei , P.) is accepted for c/, metri gratia. 376. \1\ Pfl. 377. The reading in the text is the orig. But Elm. wrote ' ipaaras (sc. ) "sed non sum amans bellomm." But in that case the omission of the necessary 70^ is strange. And the epode was probably meant to convey a threat, and not a statement. Cf. Pfl. 379. Matth. and B. read evxapirus for the orig. . 384. Elm. altered 75 to , on the analogy of Aj. 1382, ' ^\p€vaas $ , Hec. 1032, -' iXwis, and many other passages. 385, 6. The original reading was ? irpbs . Elm. retained , comparing it with Iphig. T. 560, ' ttpb^ $ . But the reading in the text is accepted as making far better sense with but slight change, was proposed by Elm. for , since , being a weak word, is rare at the beginning of a line. [Indeed Elm. would emend in the four pas- sages in which he found it so occurring : in Ag. 1232 for ^., Choeph. 94 for (which is now read), Here. Fur. 1293 for riv, and Eur. Theseus frag. 3, 10, for .]. 396. The old is retained by Matth. and Pfl. See Pfl. 402. The orig. reading \vas . 415. There is an amusing note of Elm. on the attempts of former editors to emend the original 6v. 417. was altered by Elm. to , to be in accordance with the usual construction, "stultitiae me accusantium : " as for instance in Hippol. 1058, -- . 4 1 8. The old reading was , for two possible translations of which see Elm. 425. For ' , Matth. conj. ?, "frustra alacrem." 437. Hermann would prefer . For a similar pro- posed insertion of a connecting particle, cf. 557. 451. The orig. reading was , = omnibus modis. So in CEJ. Col. 1 446, ava^iot "^ap . 454. For Orclli conj. . 459• is read by Elm. and P., and in 882 on the ground that it is not usual to elide at the beginning,of a word, except , and that not always. Others read '. 4—2 — 52 HERACLEIDAE. .460. /7$ is an emendation from . Some read 470. \$ is the orig. reading, and is retained by P. Matth. Pfl., &C If $ is read, it is accusative, not Doric genitive. For examples of this construction, P. refers to 741, and to Persae 783, € €\$, "he does not bear in mind." 490. The orig. reading was 6$ ijris evyevris. Trarpbs and are easily interchanged when written in MS. and . 493. '€ in the present was originally read; and Pfl., q.v., retains and defends it. But see P. 495. is not elsewhere found. But it does not therefore follow that it should be rejected. It may even be that Euripides, who had been harping on , coined the verb for the occasion, occurs just above. If emendation in such case ^ a were necessary, that of Matth. would be the most appropriate to the passage, . Pfl. ^. Herm. ^ . The latter is rashly ingenious. Besides, is an .Eschylean word. Cf. vEsch. jP. V. 606, where MSS. reading, , has been amended to, [] " . 498. was the orig. reading, Matth. 504. Nearly all agree in reading for the original . So, in 9S6 and 991 occur veiKOS and . The two words are often confused in vriting : otherwise there would be no sufficient objection to the old reading. 529. This line has a cretic ending : cf. 64O. Since in Phoen. 573 ' occurs TTcDs aZ €, for which most MSS. read : Elm. would therefore suggest €€ in the present passage. But he doubts. [P. appears to suggest .—., , me placet sacrificari]. 541• Elm., whom Pfl. followed, wrote /)/(?, which he takes as an adjective of two tenninations, quoting in justification Ofcst. 15 12, Trats. . would suggest '. 557- ' is given, after Barnes, by most others except P. So be has been proposed in 437. 567. This speech is by a large majority of editors assigned to Demophon; orig., to lolaus; and by Hermann, Matth. and B. to the Chorus. These last believe that Demophon left the stage finally at 473. But, had that been so, would lolaus in 488 and 493 have spoken CRITICAL NOTES. 53 of Demophon as 55e ? Demophon probably remained on the stage till his final speech ended at line 573. 573. The orig. reading was ^p6ey , which P. retains, regarding as hortative. The objection to is that the following line ends vith , which probably crept thence into the line above. However, the two lines are spoken by different people. For Tyrwhitt would read .— in the singular does not else- - doubtful passage, Troad. where occur in Euripides, except perhaps in a 777 (al. : hence the emendations ,-^, and ) have been proposed. 601. For^- Elm. wrote Kbprf. It might be either. See the numerous examples qu. by Elm. 602. The orig. reading Avas Zuerai, which Barnes emended to Xiierat, "Joanne Miltono suffragante." The alteration from to is trifling. 611. For aWav, aWov y was the orig. reading. The reading in the text gives the more suitable meaning. 613. e0' , . 614. The 77 of breaks the metre. Elm. therefore writes , while some transpose the words of the line. Elm. would like to suggest - and P. *, and Boeckh * '' : while Pfl. after Hermann writes , saying that the notion of wrong-doing is transferable into that of misery. He would suggest . 6 1 8. The reading in the text is that generally accepted for the orig. : but different editors give slight variations from it ; for which see Pfl. 627. evyevias is an emendation for , which is probably the error of a transcriber, who was thinking partly of the irarpos which he had just WTitten, and partly of the for whom Macaria had offered her life. See an interesting note of Elm. 634. The orig. reading was and is retained by Pfl., asserts that it , it is who can be, while Elm. maintains that not, used passively. In Hippo!. 27 is passive ? 640. Porson, whom Pfl. follows, wrote , to avoid the cretic ending. (Preface to the // 652. is the orig. and is retained by Pfl. 54 HERACLEIDAE. Gl%. ^, ai'ier ilerm., Pfl. and most others. Eat P. retains the original . 66 1. To avoid the double question (which however is a common construction) Musgrave punctuated ', and Elm. in Append, conj. xa?s VIP . Cf. 712. 669. for aWov was conj. by Elm. 673. For iriXas the orig. reading is eVas, which Pfl. retains and defends as implying "that the sacrifices might not be in the way." But Ave do not know whether it was the custom to place the victims e/cas or ireKas. B. would suggest ...?5, = irAas. 680. , orig. 685, 6. and , orig. 693. Elm. and others punctuate with a comma after . 694. Elm. of his own idea wrote . 7o6. Elm. altered to , on the ground that is "solenne in reprehensionibus." Cf. 649. 710. Elm. quotes many instances of XiireTu being written by mistake for Xeiireiv, and thinks that XeLireiv may be the right reading here. But the aorist marks the promptness and finality of the action. 712. Elm- punctuates '; and P. \ ; But is here adverbial; and the question is not strictly double as in 66 r. 72 r. It was proposed Avithout reason to change the second av to iv. — for is orig., and retained by most editors, apparently with reason. 736. , orig. 743. 00, for ofos, wrote "tacite Bamesius," Elm. The sentence Avould so be simplified ; and the only, but a grave, objection to this reading, is that otos occurs nowhere else in Eur. and only once in Sophocles, AJax 750, . %Pfl., others. Against the old read- 750. orig., P. and ing is the,fact that the sun is not often called ^€0s without epithet. Pflugk however gives instances where it is the case. In favour of the -ot, we have the fact that adjectives are often thus piled on to one only of two nouns, as in the epithets of Salamis, Aj'ax 134. 751. iviyKaT, orig., and Pfl. ' 752. For -.—Pfl. would suggest / , saying (T\ath- out reason) that it is absurd to tell the sun to take tidings to Athena. 754• " r', , orig.. Elm., B. 755. Hermann reads /i^XXet, which makes lolaus the subject. — CRITICAL XOTES. 55 7^)5. The orig. readinc: is \€'> "Apyos, i.e., Argos deserves to be stoned. Cf. J^. iriS, XeiVtM0i' = 5acrificium exsecrandum. Pfl. reads 'Apyos, understanding 6v, accusative absolute, "jubente." But Elm. Avrites 0X705 for 'Apyoi, obsers'ing that the words have also been interclianged in Eur. Suppl. 737. 769. The original reading is 0.\0 This, as observes, cannot be what Euripides wrote, ( ) because Elm. .i vore occurs twice in the clause (2) because dv with the future indica- tive is a solecism in Tragic Greek. To emend this with certainty is impossible, since we do not know the sentiment that Eur. wished to express; nor whether, for instance, or Zei>i vas intended to be the subject of the remark. —For the numerous attempts to emend, see Pflugk. Equal in plausibility to that given in the text, is irpvraveii ^, !Musgrave. 774. The orig. is , "hasta pugnaturum," which would be fut. part, of . Cf. Pfl., who quotes Eustathius, but reads , present. 777. The orig. is ' iird alel, for which Elm. and Pfl. substitute ' eVi . For eTrt cf. Soph. £. 360, ' oTjl \$, "on the ground of"; and Odyssey XXIV. 91, cVt -€ dedXa, "in honour of." B. takes eTrt and together. 778. For \, the old reading was KevOei. Both are supported by MSS., and the latter would mean "neque latet = neque celebratione carent." 780. For the orig. reading was vdQv, which might stand at the beginning of a line, quantity notwithstanding. See Elm. 781. The orig. was y eir 6, for which many editors read «yas 6 with Pfl. — "^- 785. Elm. considered rySe "frigidum," and WTOte . 7611» € € Jacobsius conjectura pereleganti." Pfl, 788. Elm., who cannot put up with , would read or 51177070'. 793. and ^tl are emended from the orig. and , since lolaus, having left the stage, cannot be spoken of as o5e. —B. gives €, "hue redibit," on the ground that eUiv and iarlv are so often interchanged ; cf. 386. But can scarcely bear that meaning. 799. The orig. is retained by Pfl. and P., but Elm. sug- gested the future as more appropriate, and on the ground that copjang 56 IIERACLEIDAE. ^^ clerks frequently wrote present for future ; especially in verbis liqui- datis^^ Cobet, e.g. ,, ... 8. Elm. wrote €$, "productos," intransitively, in the sense of eKreipovra . 805. After Heath, Elm. and Matth. print without stop, and indicate lacuna, which Elm. uld fill by ras ( dyeiv; of which line, he says, the ras M. in the next line is a reminiscence. But P. rightly thinks the lacuna unnecessary : and that Avith ras M. should be supplied the which is requisite for the thought, though the metre has no room for it. 822. For Paley thinks is possible: since (i) and . are interchanged in ^Esch. Siippl. 665, (2) in the plural would scarcely be used of Macaria only. The suggestion is plau- sible, especially as (i) the sacrifices in question seem to have been made by the € in both armies; and (2) a human sacrifice would have de- manded some explanation or apology from the narrator, though for obvious reasons the name of Macaria would still have been suppressed. 824. Elm. and Pfl. have note on the spelling of \€$, which Elm. would write irXevpols. 828. deXetv is accepted for the orig. . If ^, the may still stand. 833. Accepted for the orig. -, "shaking." Be- sides the faultiness of the metre, is not found, except once in Greg. Naz. It was objected to the reading of the text, that the two nouns mean much the same thing. But Elm. compares vEsch. Persae, 426, S" ireXayiav . 834. is accepted for the orig. , which P. retains, (probably accidentally). 837• was altered by Elm. to , on the ground that Eur. intended to write the familiar phrase, which occurs in Thuc. IV. 43 and elsewhere, . But, surely, as Pfl. suggests, slight variation is more probable and poetical than a direct reproduction. 838. The reading in the text is generally accepted for the orig. €\€^. 845. P. would suggest €^3^. 848. aWos vas the orig. 854. was orig. for k-rrl, which was suggested by Elm. 856. Elm. ' for 7', after Reiske. — — CRITICAL NOTES. 57 884. The orig. was , which might possibly, with Her- mann, be explained by the idea of seeing Eurystheus in the mind's eye, in both conditions. But it is impossible that active can be put for passive. Among other suggestions are, ,, , . The last is the text of Musgrave and Bothe. P. would suggest ^ ^. Elm. rightly thinks that some such word as , in the sense of ^, would be most appropriate : and of many suggestions writes that they are "Sardi venales, alius alio nequior." 888. For Mot Porson conj. . {Aih'crs, p. 274.) The orig. was , 890. €\€€€, Porson and Elm. 893. for was orig. Pfl. after Hermann writes ?n re datret (for iveaTi). 894. is Elm. emend, for ', since the in 895 corresponds to in 892. But the other editors, including P., retain . And the double is common enough. 895. dpa, as printed, "sacrifices sense to metre," P. But it must be taken as a strong . 899. Elm. would prefer the as in Or. 175, 6€. But all agree in , metri gratia. 903. " In three MSS. € is not found." B. 7e, Hermann. 912. €'/, "rejicio," is the emend, of Elm. for the orig. -, "aspernatur." Reading 0eu7"> Matth. and P. take the clause os ... as the subject of it. But others take Heracles as the subject. 919. P. for would read ^, with great plausibility. ' 924. The text is accepted for orig. ? O^peis, which is against the metre. Elm. wrote ^ ' .$. But can ^ be used abso- lutely in the sense of cessavit? Cf. Thuc. i. 112, * . See Elm. 925. Pfl. retains the orig. . Matth. reads irpbs $. 932. Accepted for the orig. . 933. For ., from 3 MSS., reads ^. For , Jacobs sugg. . Pfl. 935. Since was the orig. reading for the now accepted , Elm. would suggest $. 937. The orig. is retained by Matth. and B., who refer, for the active use, to Horn. //. M. 56; Od. V. 182, . 435. — 53 HERACLEIDAE. 950. vZpa.% re 76.% " is suggested by P., to supply the connecting re, and since the Nemean lion is elsewhere called -. 959• Elm. after Reiske with Matth. alters ) to xpr\v. gives the general statement of a permanent law; while applies only to the particular case. Cf. 968, 969, and Med. 573. xpiju and Avere often interchanged by transcribers, and may have been in the present passage. 961. Altered by Elm. to ^ 6, to be like Iph. T. 1037. The change is not great, but not necessary. 971. This line is more usually punctuated , The sense of is at any rate affirmative. 981. Musgrave, with whom Hermann agrees, conj. Jyyv- TOV. Pfl. 987. Accepted for the orig. . Eut Elm., on the ground that and OT are often interchanged, Avrote oi) , "no indeed," quoting many similar passages. 995. $ is accepted for the orig. ^, which Elm. retains, quoting from Strabo IV. p. 183 a line of the P)-ometheus ^?, ^.,.. In Homer, is kill: after him, to ravage, as in O.C. 1319, . trvpi, 1006. Emended from the orig. -. I. For €, the orig. is by Pfl., P. and most others retained. But Elm. Avould here, as in 228, vrr'ite the infinitive. 1014. The text is accepted for the orig, ? ' ?, though Elm. edited . Probably the irpbs was added in the margin by some reader who Avished to explain that 07' was to be taken in the sense " quod attinet ad." Euripides nei-cr begins a line with a tribrach, unless it is one word, as €, "^, 'loXaos: excepting only with prepositions, as Or. 898, iirl , Here. F. 94O, Ale. 375. Elm. 1029. ^ is the orig. reading, and so P. But Elm. and most editors read ^. neuter : a change which is not necessary. 1038. ] is accepted for the orig. . But Heath would read -^. 1039- is accepted by all after Matth. for the orig. ^ : which nevertheless might stand. 1050. Elm. suggested irvpl and Heath . 1053• The orig. is usually retained. But P. edits . — EXPLANATORY NOTES. Abbreviaitons. Tr. = translate. Qu. = quotes. N. = see Critical Notes. Elin. = Elmsley. Pfl.=Pflugk. P. =Paley, B.=rBothe. Matth. = Matthiie. L. and Sc. = Liddell and Scott's Lexicon, Sixth Edi- tion, 1869. Observe that occasionally the more advanced part of a note is en- closed in brackets, thus [ ]. A Critical Note is only referred to when the variation in question is of exceptional importance. 1. Translate either toU TeXas , "is a man born for the advantage of his neighbours." Cf. Iphig. A. 1386 . yap ''\\ Koivbv ere/fcs, }. Lucan. Phars. 1. 383, non sibi sed toto genitum se credere mundo. Or, with Pfl., $ rots irAoy, "just to his neighbours." 3. . Cf. the adverbs and . Tr. lucre deditum. Elm. lucro effusum, B. The idea is, *'so much freed from restraint that you give yourself up to one thing only:" it is almost a metaphor from driving with loosened rein. Notice ^ etj. 4. iroXet, a state. . /35= "et in vitae commercio gravis;" referring to private business as distinct from . For »', cf. V. 12. 2i;;'a\Xaff(reti' = *'to bring into dealings;" hence, to have deal- ings with. .For construction, Pfl. qu. Eur. Frag. Incert. CXLV., 5. /55 = " fructuosissimus, " .—For *;, cf. Prom. 336, ?7 07 , Hdt. V. 24» ' ipyouri doa . 6 IIERACLEIDAE. 6. ? implies partly the noble shame that avoids shame and is equivalent to self-respect : and partly the feeling of pity for others which is produced by that self-respect. See note on ], 200. Cf. also 43, 101, 460, 813, 1027, 1038. —TO a\rf^f.vh = TT\v : cf. ' Prom. 39, TO ^' tol . 7- ^Vith i^bu (nominative or accusative absolute) supply . Cf. Prom. 648, e|ov ^-^, and Thuc. IV. 20, \$ ". ^ 8. For ", dative of person, with partitive genitive of the thing, cf. 627, 665, 688.—For eis , ** was the one man who," cf. Track. 460, \% eh " ^/ , Orestes, 743• .—^., the uncontracted form, is found onljy here and in 988. Notice the genitive in 541. 10. vTrb . For viro with the dative, which is used by the poets, and implies dependence, cf. L. and Sc, viro B. Ii. 2. For rrepois, Pfl. Avell quotes Plat. Z<§J• 814, B. 11. Ta5€="even.these," pointing at them.—Cf. Ar. Peel. 412, 12. yap. Notice that yap is most frequently used to introduce a fuller explanation of a preceding brief statement: cf. 17. Observe the instances of yap in Thuc. I. i. -, "had been set free from." \\='' make other than it is, and so, to exchange." 13. - here = \. Cf. 6^ and 134, where is used. — =" it" , aorist, to kill at once, and have done with 14. . Neither this word, nor any other compound of , occurs elsewhere in Tragedians, except in AjaXy 167, . is the regular word for runaways, esp. slaves. Elm. It is Cf. 140, . Cf. Thuc. I. 126, VI. 7, not a dignified word. . 14. 15. Tr. "Country is lost, but life was saved." 15. yov. For this common use of yv and = "to be banished, to live as exiles," cf. 186, 190, 222, &c. So = "banish." (Cf. Madvig, Gk. Synt. § no. a. R. 2.) For the exile of the Heracleidae, cf. Hdt. ix. 26, " , &c. 16. in 257= "to put beyond a boundary, to banish;" but here is used only \a\h. accusative of motion towards, strictly means to make a 6po^, and so to pass through something that constitutes a 5/)oy. Cf. Med. 433, ^ verpas, Aesch, SuppL — 1 EXPLANA TOR NO TES. 6 553, . [. would translate (. sc. eairrouj.] Cf. Ion, 1459. 18. = '^ a piece or instance of ; " i. e. a violent outrage on the person. Cf. 280. —17$ = "has thought fit." 19. ^, sc. $ ovras. — optative denoting the " , indefinite notion of from time to time." 20. x^oj'os= " from that land." 21. {/)>' is to be taken as one word.— 7rpoTeii'Wi' = *' holding out, minaciter ostentans." [Elm. qu. Hdt. IX. 4, = ^ \$ ", where , he says : but it can also be taken as=" having first in his mind the fact that"...]. See N. 22. . See L. and Sc, B. III. 23. ' = . Cf. Troad. 1 154, ' re . Cf. Eur. £. 28. . 2 7• Xote the meaning of 3.5 distinct from . 28. For , cf. 245: in both cases, it is used of reluctance as arising from shame ; but often as arising from alarm. 29. iaTiv= " is no longer in existence ;" so accented has either this meaning or = ^^c^rt. 30. . Aor. I. 31. 5e='*and." So also in 39, &c. 32. Marathon was noted for its special worship of Hercules. A temple of Hercules at Marathon is mentioned by Herodotus '. io8. See also Pindar, 01. 9, 134; 13, 157. In the latter passage, Marathon is complimented as being . . Cf. 80, 81. —Marathon was of course in Hellas of which they\vere , = ^^ in act of being bereft;" but he goes on to say why they hoped for hospitality there. 33. =" as suppliants to the effect, or, with the petition, that they may aid us." The infinitive is explanatory, and quotes the supplication. See notes on 178 and 345. For •, cf. 196, 238. *' " = ZeziS," cf. 79. '= consedimus ;" aorist. 35. The were Demophon and Acamas. But A. tates no part in the action. See the note on 119. /caTot/cet<' = " to dwell in;" but = ^' to colonize." Cf. 46. See also Aci. Apost. vii. 4, ^ , ... ^ ets • yrjv , (In — ; 62 HERACLEIDAE. this passage the subject of the first clause is the object of the second. Notice the attraction of eis). 36. is either used, as here, ' absolutely ; or, with infinitive or, with partitive genitive, as in Eur. Szif-pl. 1086, ) - 37. (7'=*' Vuese children here." For the relationship, see 207. 38. T:7;'5e oSoV = " hanc migrandi vicem" = "in this manner;" not, *' along this road." In either case, the accusative denotes extension. Cf. Andr. 1125, eu^e/jeis ooov^ . On the adverbial accusative, see Madvig, Gk. Syntax, § 31 d. 39. ZvoLv 'yepovTOLv. lolaus, and Alcmena the mother of Hercules, lolaus is said to have been the son of Iphicles, who Avas the half-brother of Hercules. Euripides does not mention this; probably because the reference to such relationship would make the difference between the ages of lolaus and Alcmena seem too great. Perhaps Eur. was not even aware of the relationship. [Pfl. suggests, Prooeiniicm p. 8, that Eur. thought that his audience, in time of va, and in a play written for a temporary purpose, would not trouble themselves about such minute points as the omission of mention of relationship, or the impro- bability of lolaus being old enough to be fitly called 76.] 40. . Notice the construction : nominativus pendens. Translate, "pondering." See Bothe's note, and L. and Sc. Cf. Amig. 20, eTroj. 41. TO yevos. But legend says that Heracles had seventy-two sons and only one daughter, Macaria. Pfl. Frooemmm, p. 7. 42. ^, more commonly ^, strictly meaning, "from within," — pas- here = " regarded from within," and so, ^^ivit/iin." -, sive, =" having them clasped in her arms." The same construction as that used ^vith verbs of clothing; which put into the accusative the thing worn. is a common word in Trag. In Cyclops, 498, is -^', active. 43. 44. "Since ve are ashamed that young girls, who are maids, should approach a crowd and stand at an altar." The latter verb is in- transitive, and therefore probably the former also. But veXa^eiv is more frequently causal. Cf. Provi. 155, Ale. 230, 5 . But cf. 288 of this play. here and in 122 is used of the chorus: but note that the meaning is often "a crowd of troubles;''' as in — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 63 the phrase 6\ . In Ion 6^^, re , the passage will bear either of these meanings, though the latter is preferable. 45. olai € 7(fvos="who are eldest in birth;" but in 479, yivovs — ''to act as ambassador for the family ;" and in .'ilsch. £um. 1. ;' = "give the first rank to." There are hardly any instances of 7€Vos in the sense of birth: but Pfl. qu. Iliad O. 182, yevir] $. [Some would propose 70V0S: but this is used only in the sense oi proles. Elm.] 48. ^, emphatic, from its position at the end of the line, = '*of mine (since there is none other)." 49. The name of the \^ is not mentioned in this play; but in Iliad 0. 636 he is called Copreus. 50. ^0' ^/Aas= "quite up to us."— ou, i. e. Y^pvaQkui^. 51. ^, cf. 224, 318, 364, e^i , = '' exiles^' inTrag. ; in Odyssey is only used of beggars ; in Iliad, not at all. defrauded, unlawfully deprived of: a sense w^hich this ,word always carries. It sometimes takes the accusative, as in 162. 52. $, cf. 76, \$ : nominatives, because these are meant as statements of facts, not as exclamations. Abstract for concrete; so in Med. 1323. Cf. use of .fa'/;^j-=" scoundrel," in Plautus and Terence. 53. ?7 intensifies , as though it were a superlative.— Ss, here and in 57, is used with indicative where qui in Latin VOuld take " the subjunctive ; = '." 54• i777etXas, frequentative. is so far removed from that it makes a fresh statement —"many messages, and all bad." Cf. the use of in ii. 55. Tr. I suppose you think that the post you here occupy is good. —The ' is the altar of Zei)s 'Ayopalos, cf. 70. [Elm. gives number- ^^ less references for ^' suppose,'''' *'' no doubt. Pfl. qu. Xen. Anab. vi. 3. 26, ^.% ?€ .] 58. , contemptuously, as in 284, and often elsewhere, = "that of yours, that of which you make so much." Cf, Hippol. 113, , Aiitig. 573, \$, Philoct. 125 1, . [But not so in 99.]—For the phrase , Pfl. qu. Hippol. 382, ^ . in either case is superfluous.—Observe that Trapoide, "before," here = m preference to. .It is also possible to connect ' aip. closely together as = 7rpoaLp7]• — 64 HERACLEIDAE. 59. /^?, neuter, here used almost actively. So in Eur. El. 64, Hcc. 815. For .[ eh " cf. Xen. Attab. I. 1. 24, v6\iv €\ et's . Pfl. —For cf. 765 (various reading in X.) and Orestes 61 4. 6r. 5:7Ta="nay surely."—For 6$, the altar of ZeOs 'A70- patos, cf. 70, 79, 121, 238, 341. — [But legend said that they fled tt/jos t6v 'EXeoi; . .] 02. , possibly predicate. 63. Cf. 173, evaipei.—Also Jlerc. F. 401, ya- \aveias rt^ets eperyms. Pfl. —The construction is the ' €$; the second accusative being one more closely defining the mean- ing of the first. Madvig, Gk. Synt. § 31. a. R. 2. 64. ovTQL ye= "surely you will not," " 65. '= we will soon see about ji?zi." Cf. 269. —P. refers to Choeph. 305, Eur. Suppl. 580. —Maz^rts ', &:c., implies that the herald is going to use force. —For the accusative of respect, , cf. Plato Apol. 18 B, . Pfl. 66. '2'VTus, "at any time in my life," is the genitive absolute in the sense, to which it can generally be referred, of the time at which a thing happens. 67. , used intransitively, = "depart." But in Cyclops 131, $, it governs the genitive. —With this word, Copreus throws lofeus to the ground. Cf. 75. 68. , see X. =" whose they are." 69. , Doric and Tragic for : usually in bad sense. But here, as B. rightly thinks, the natives of Attica are addressed as , and the sense is complimentar)•. 70. is here used absolutely, as in Ar. Vespae 197. But ^cf. 164,'302 of ".this play. The usual construction is as in Here. F. 219, Aids. Probably there was a temple of Zeus in the at Marathon, as well as at Athens. In every 'Ayopa were altars of Zeus and of Hermes '. Cf. Hdt. V. 46, Aibs 'Ayopaiou . Cf. Fum. 973, A^. 90. 71. . XOtice the passive use; and cf Anii^. 66, and 1073. ''—. Cf. 124. — — EXPLANA TOR NOTES. 65 72. Nominatives in apposition. —re, icat="quum, turn;" the clause being, as usual, the more important. , {= "infamy" in its technical sense, for which see L. and Sc.) is a strong word. Tr. "dis- grace to city and dishonour to gods." 74. ^ has often nearly the meaning of . Cf. 400 and ' — AJajc, •2, , (.. ., almost a double question : "will it not soon reveal a disaster, and of what kind will that disaster be?" 75, 76. dochmiacs express great excitement. \=^^\), ,'^ Hesychius. See P.; who qu. //lad 22, 310, apva , and OJ. 20. 14. —For , which is aorist of ^, . qu. Acneid^ ix. 164, /«^/que per herbam. 77• h^^=d%^T]v. Pfl. 78. Notice how the three pronouns are in emphatic juxtaposition. 79. . Cf. Ion, 376, ^-. 8. See .— cf. 32: a name applied to four adjoining , Their are , of which Marathon was one. names given by Strabo, (qu. in Elm.), . Cf. Ar. Lysist. 285. [See Pfl. Prooemiuvi p. 6.] The meaning of the entire question of the chorus is, Did you come by land or by sea? 82. — trepa . . 83. , used here intransitively = come doN^-n to the coast from the high seas; or, possibly, one may supply , or . It is present tense for past, as Pfl. remarks, quoting Aen. VII. 196, advertitis aequore cursum.—Cf. Thuc. Vii. 33, IV. — is usual in this, 42, more sense than and in fact is the old reading, altered metri gratia. € ;. See P. Cf. Itm, ' — 551, $ ; . Cf. Hdt. V. 102, - yap 6 - 'Epe- $. Elm. 84. is used disparagingly. Cf. Rhesus, 701, Aiidrofn. 14, qu. by P.—So also , in the sense of terere, to vear out or to waste. 85. ., as if he said " from proud Mycenae." 87. . Imperfect for aorist, metri gratia. See examples in P. 88. Cf. 216, and Xen. Cyrop. VIII. i, 10, - . " % $, sidesmen and supporters." 89. For in another sense, see Xen. Anab. in. 3, 5, , of a war in which no parley with the B. 5 — — HERACLEIDAE. enemy was to be allowed ; and other exs. in L. and Sc. Cf. Verg. ^n. 7, 196, auditique advertitis. 90. = TiVos= '' ivhoseV [possibIy= '^why ? "]. 91. -eLS. If is read for in 6S, it would bear its not uncommon meaning of carrying off as booty, as in Oed. Col. 141 1 : but not so here. 94, ^. Addressed to the Choragus, as the spokesman of the chorus. 95. xpios= 'Svhat is the matter ?" = ', Cf. 633, 646, 709. [But Pfl., after Matth., would render "what do you want?"] Strictly it is an accusative of respect. A fuller phrase occurs in Orestes, 151, '.6 TL xpeos \€€. Cf. -^sch. A^. 85. iroXeos alludes to the "having a care:" cf. Cf. note on Cf6. , 354, . , 711. 9". ' , SC. . 99. roh % is used tauntingly, to mimic the of the pre- ceding line. loi— 103. ^eve and both refer to Copreus; and the meaning is, You must not go with hands stained by violence. But if ae is read instead oi € [see N.], the whole remark is then addressed to lolaus, and would then be the dative of the instrument, "owing to the hand of violence." 104. is not from , but from , according to P., who qu. yEsch. T/ieo. 1065, risav ; ;. Tr. either "it is wicked for a state to let go a suppliant band of strangers;" or (with P., taking : together), "who have appealed to the state." The order of the words is in favour of the latter : but most commentators take adeov together notwithstand- '' ing. Elm. tr. tradere civitati A7-givae" = ^' io send back to their owm land." See Pfl. 109. 5e 76= "yet at any rate."—Cf. yEsch. CJioeph. 697, e^w - : Prom. 263, , Sind//i/po/. 1293• . , accusative where we might have had dative, makes the remark general instead of personal. \$, or any noun, is almost superfluous. Or we may make a separate statement of ttjs " = which is the better part." EXPLANATORY NOTES. 67 111. ouKQvVy Avhich expects an answer in the afTirmative, should be printed with a note of interrogation. — oy/coOi' ;=" is it not therefore?" oiJ/cou;' = " it is not therefore." See 191. 112. (for e'xpi?»', the augment being mostly omitted), as distinct from xpf?, implies either, as here, something which ought to have been done, but has not been done; or, the pjrmanent and general nature of an obligation. So - is often used for ^. 113. ^ is here used in the sense of . Cf. 440, $ yhp darcTTTos ;—Construe closely with €\€>, not with . Cf. 22 1. ii^\ Tis intensifies .—For see L. and Sc. II. Here, and .in AnJrom. 11 14, it appears to be used in the sense of igitur, like 117• €. Because the Chorus, to whom hitherto the remarks had been addi-essed, had no executive power. 118. /cat /^" and lo! ", here, and elsewhere, introduces a new character to the stage. But , followed by ye, as in 130, = " and yet indeed." See Elm. 119. See 35. —Pfl. {Frooef?iium, p. 9 ad fi7ie})i\ observes that the part of lord of the country, in a dialogue with another, could hardly be taken by two characters; but that Eur. did not venture to depart from the legend that the t\vo brothers jointly succeeded Theseus : therefore he introduced Acamas as a , a " walking gentleman," amongst the other attendants of Demophon. So also, although we have here no "stage directions " as in modern plays, we may assume that the children, mentioned in 40 and in 122, were present on the stage ; and that a crowd accompanied the herald who brings on Eurystheus in 929. €7^ = " qui audient." Notice the genitive: and observe that another use is : " common in Xenophon — et's (sc. ) — lo within hearing distance." 120. Addressed to the Choragus. is $. (i) The aorist participle, standing in appo- sition to the subject of the sentence, is often used Avith a verb in the aorist or historical present, not to denote time previotis to but coin- cident luith the action of the verb. (2) When the aorist participle is so used with the verbs (, -/, ;, it virtually contains the leading idea of the expression. 5—2 — — — 6S HERACLEIDAE. So here . . = {) "You were the first ifi rtuming {not *'in havi?ig run ") to the rescue;" and = (2) " You were theyir^/ to come to the rescue;" where the idea of "rescue " is uppermost, and UiQ priority of the action could have been expressed without using a verb at all. It should be noticed that this aorist participle always denotes a single transient action; the present participle, an abiding condition. Cf. Madvig, Syn. § 183, R. 2; Goodwin, Gk. Moods and Tenses, § 24, N. I. 121. is strictly an altar for burnt-offerings, while is the general term. 123. Observe that this line contains two statements. 124. €^, i.e., with branches covered with wool, and attached by it both to their persons and to the altar : cf. 226. For illustrations of this custom sqq Androm. 894, Ipk. Aid. 1478; Aesch. Stippl. 241, and 481; Soph. Oedipus Tyr. 3, $ e^e^re/i- /te;Ot=" bearing wreathed boughs," and 143. [In Phoen. 1632, .• —'^ to offer libations to:" a metaphorical use.] The proper expression in prose authors is €$ ^ : for which Elm. qu. Andocides. . The vocative aVa is only addressed to gods. " 126. - in liiad xviii. 572 = "a cry of joy." = iha.t which befals," "quod accidit:" and, like "accident "in English, is generally in a bad sense. So . Cf. 236. 127. vLv is sometimes plural, for avrovs; but, much more com- monly, and probably here, singular, for . 1 28. The Ionic form is used in Iambic, but in Lyric verse. 130. For /cat 7e, see note on iiS. , the garb; , the sit of it: "he is dressed, and looks, like a Greek."—For feminine, c{. Iph. T. 341, "EXX7?i/ose/c 7^s, ^sch. ^^^w. 1254, " , and other examples in Pfl. 132. re is either put parenthetically; or, as one idea =" with TO ^, and so with one article to serve for both verbs, to tell without delay." 134. ^Aets = /3oi'\ei, cf. 13. — Cf. Soph. Philoct. ^,"Y.\\k'i , yap /Soi'Xei . 135. 60' otcrt^" on what grounds." 137. " ^ei'e, arroganter pro |. Musgravius." Elm. 139. a7w="am in act of, am trying to." Cf. ="1 offer;" i.e I am trying to give. —The herald presupposes an international un- — — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 69 derstanding, like an extradition treaty in modern times: except that we do not now surrender those charged wxOa political offences. 140. € is stronger than $. 141. eVer^ei' = whose influence starts or extends from €. Cf. Ilippol. 567, ] tCv ^, Eur. Sitppl. 390, . — , here passive, but more frequently deponent, = (" who have been voted on, to the effect that they die." Cf. notes on 33, 178, and 345. 143. . . cf. 776, ="Ave deser\-e to; it is right that we...." See note on 775. Cf. Madvig, Gr. Syn. § 177. b. Observe the idea of ttoXis, "an autonomous state." Kvpiovs (of two terminations) — " valid, needing no further sanction," 144. = : cf. . Elm. —. "And though they have reached the altars (homes) of many another people." " 145. ', syncopated perfect = we have ever kept our stand." 146. , notice change to aorist. "And no man ventured (at any one time) to incur besides evi/s of his own seekiftg^ So P. But Elm. thinks is here used for , in the sense of "troubles in his own house:" and compares Thuc. I. 7S, - []. Cf. 419» ^34• Cf. , 57• possible meaning is, "to add to us ill-treatment on his own account." .''' 147. es ^^^ looking ?s , and seeing [So Pfl. But Elm. and B. understand $ Elm. notices that . — the present is in Attic, and never /^]. — : the good-natured simplicity which is further explained in 177 and 329• 148. Elm. qu. Eur. Lw, Frag. l8, ^, Hdt. VII. Thuc. IV. 50, $, 95» . : and . qu. Plutarch, Ccesar, 32, / $, " iacta est alea." Cf. "to run a risk." . = " starting from, or in, their helplessness or dead-lock " = " in rebus desperatis." 149. "Whether it (their hope) comes off or not." 150. refers in thought to 147, for which uncivil word this line apologises. 152. Cf. J/cif. 552, ''^» . 153' 4• "^^ gives the two alternatives. —7ra/3eis= " admitting these into your land." [So Pfl., intrare passus; B. admittens.] Pfl. qu. Eur. Siippl. 468, es . — 7 HERA CLEIDAE. is . ^ = "might so great as it is;" cf. 305, 316 : and more demonstrative than . See note on 178. 158. \6yovs is opposed to ^pya, which word is implied. Pfl. —But probably both Xoyovs and refer to . 159- and are strictly used of ripening fruit. Cf. Xen. Cyrop. IV. 5. 21, ipy-t] P. qu. ^sch. Eu7?i. , €$ .—, a metaphor.from vrestling. 160. For Sj^t/s tl's, with future indicative, cf. note on 248; also 1051. 16 r. See X.—With , supply any noun, probably a neuter noun. So in Eur. £/. 819, a knife is called . Cf. "a Toledo."—The XaXu/Ses or -^ were a people in Pontus. Cf. .^sch. Prom. 714, oi X., Xen. Anab. V. 5, i, b Tots > . 1 62. denotes indignation. So in Ar. A^ud. 367, to the question Zeus Qeos ; the answer Zei>s; "Zeus, quotha!" ex- presses contemptuous surprise. Examples of this use are common. See L. and Sc. , 4. 163. See N. 164. TLvos ' vTTep= "in whose behalf." [So P. —Eut B, "pro quo, sive cujus causa." Pfl. would supply \. 165. Treabm-as, Notice and imitate this use of the past. The future contingency is for the moment supposed to have happened. 167. Cf. Med. 1209, yepovra , Ar. Lysist. 372, €, used of an old man. So ,'/ = " an old man on the edge of the grave."—With the indeclinable phrase , the verb is sometimes omitted, as in Trocul. 412, ovokv . [sc. '. Elm. ? direiv Ijtoj, like us , usually intro- duces a familiar phrase, or proverb. 168. For see note on 802. —[Elm. in a long note on ou'tXos, says the original meaning is The Hold, kolXtj vavs, cf. Odyss. M. 411 : next, in Attic, as here, bilge water, cf. Troad. 6S6, ^ $, Cic. de Sc7uct. VI., alii sentinam exhauriant, Aesch. Theb. 796, , " did not leak." But Pfl., and P. after him, doubt if avrXos^hold, and quote Hec. 1024, &c.]. \% is undoubtedly derived from \/tal, Gk.yJroK and VrXa: as -• = yjTa\ + ava, so -\- = + \/\•. i.e., what is "up-raised," pumped out. Cf. the passage of Cicero above cited. — EXPLANA TOR NOTES. 7 r 169. Tr., with Pfl., ** You will only be able to tell (your citizens) at best that they (thus) store up hope (i.e., allies, these Heracleidae) for the future." [But the commentators differ greatly. B. translates *' hope will find the best." Hermann, quoted by B., understands \% to mean the hope that the Heracl. may return to their country. P. takes . cu/). = " hope that you will be a gainer"]. 170. Tr. either, with Pfl., "Yet that prospect wholly fails to match the present crisis;" or, with B., "is inferior to the advantages now before you." 171. Tr. "Even if fully armed and arrived at man's estate." 172. For ^?' see note on 63. 174. Cf Hdt. VII. 103, - -. Used passively in both instances. —The nominative is . 175• There is an antithesis, I think, between and : *' give—nothing; but gain—Mycenae." [But Elm. comments: "Nihil des de tuo, sed redde''''\. 176. /cr^(rai = "gain for a friend."—The favourite contrast between , and is not intended here. For instances of this, cf. examples qu. in L. and Sc. >. and see note on 424. " 177. ** Do not _yoii experience this? , accus. abs. 178. \ is epexegetical to Tra^Tjs; in other words, it carries on the same construction (by "asyndeton," that is, without "copula"), explaining it at greater length. So also after , 156, and cf. 182, 821, and 950. [For examples of this construction, consult a long and good note in Pfl. on this line.] For this alleged chivalrous habit of Athens, the preferring a weak to a strong ally, see Ar. Ntibes, 587—9, Demosth. Leptines, 458, /cat rivas rJTTOvs , and a passage quoted in Pfl., Xen. de Rcpubl. Ath., Ill, 10. Thus, in the life-time of Euripides, they had preferred Corcyra to Corinth, at the beginning of the Peloponnesian war. But this had been through jealousy of Corinth, and not because Corcyra was the weaker. Com- pare Thuc. VII. 57, where the Cretans are said to have taken the opposite side to the people of Gela, (which was a colony of Crete) a/coiras, . Pay was a stronger motive than patriotism. 180. Remember always that irplv dv is only used when a negative, expressed or implied, precedes it. Cf. 865. Here, t/j av KpLvu^v) = ov- Sets av Kpiveiev. 181. V7rapxei=" exists by nature and to start with." —— — — 72 HERACLEIDAE. 182. The vhoIe of line 182 is epexegetical of riSc. See note on 178. —[Elm. placed a comma after eiirelv, thus making only e'nre'iu explain ; and the rest of the line parenthetic, = " and I have to take my turn in listening too."]. The allusion is to the right of free and equal speech, and /, of which Athens was justly proud. I S3, /c. r. . = "before I have exercised both of these privileges, as from elsewhere they might thrust me." 184. ="But really (5e) our cases do not touch—there is no com- mon ground between us." Cf /, 1285, " iarl re kolvov ev ; 1 86. is an ace absolute of impersonal verb . Cf. use of € {), {, ..\. similar ace. is also found of some passive verbs that are used impersonally: e.g., . Cf. Madvig. Gk. Syn. § 182. is a commoner form than ^, which is later Greek. Cf. , 245. 187. / is to be taken with ayoL, not with . It stands early in the sentence to shew at once that the clause is to be conditional. 188. 6uTa$ should be taken with /., not with oi5s. —The subject to ^' is oi understood. 189. |eVoi=*'we are foreigners, aliens, as far as i/iey are con- cerned." 190. € is used in the sense of a^Loure. 191. 0^, "for fear of;" dative of indirect object. 'Apyelctyv, ob- jective genitive. Cf. 469, 1013.—Elm., in along and interesting note on line 188, observes: "Whenever Eur. in this play speaks of Argos, he means Mycenae, of which town, and not of Argos, Euiystheus was king. Aeschylus too, in his trilogy, always writes Argos, though he means : Mycenae ; Avhich latter he never mentions ; and for this reason IMycenae, the neighbour of Argos, was destroyed by Argos, Olymp. 78. 1, nine years before the production of the Agamemnon. Mycenae would seem to have been latterly but a small place ; since Herodotus, IX. 28, states that from Mycenae and Tiryns together only 400 fought at Plataeae, to AA-hich field Sicyon sent a contingent of 3000 men." Elm.—In this passage, though Eur., in writing 'A/ry. , no doubt meant . , it is probable that the political crisis existing at the time made the mention of fear of Argos a "hit" with the audience. See Introduction. — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 73 193. Trachis, a city in Thessaly, to which the Heracleidae had first fled.—For tl used like an adverb of manner, cf. Atidrom. 871, Phocn, III.—By -^ 6\ is meant "a town in Thessaly, or Phthiotis." P. refers to Rhcs. 238, Ion, 64. 194, 5. , dat. instr. or of manner. —With €, supply Xeyuu. 197. Cf. 143, and Aesch. Suppl. 608, rovZe \6yov. See . 198. €\€= "as being free." Naturally a favourite word with an Athenian audience. Cf 62, 113, 244, &c. 199. "But I do know." has more emphasis than iyCj, being contrasted with in the preceding line. >6 here refers to the Athenians, as represented by the chorus. 200. is here used in its proper sense of willingness, as distinct from a positive wish. Cf. 13, 134, and Index. here = "the avoidance of shame," though L. and Sc. give the meaning in this passage = . But Demophon in his reply, 242, clearly refers to this line. So Pfl., "ne quid dedecoris subeant." Elm. qu. Thuc. i. 84, , . See notes on %, lines 6 and 460. —For ? in the sense of preference, cf. note on 58 and Ocd. Col. 418. 202. 7roXiJ/ = "quod ad civitatem attinet;" ace. of respect. —For .with infinitive cf. Equites, 111\, tovs 203. Euripides was much given to this remark. Cf Oresf. 1162, TL ' , , Iph. Aid. 979» ^^<• yap Lyadol tlvo. tovs ' ayav. Qu. by Elm. 204. , "annoyed." Cf Soph. £/. S20. 206. For , cf 349, 964. 207. corresponds with in 209. 208. Take together as in Afed. 1309, qu. by Elm., iroiSes .—yvvaai. All these verbs are in the present. The meaning is, " still stands as the son of." 209. yvos, "genus repetam." [Elm. has a note on the rarity in Attic Greek of the present and future of , occurs in ^sch. Prom. 854, and elsewhere in poetry ; but he can hardly find an instance of it in prose, , Aesch. A^-. 917.]. 211. [see X.]= "sprung from first cousins." Aethra and Alcmena, the respective mothers, were cousins; being both the — — — — 74 HEHACLEIDAE. grandchildren of Pelops and Hippodamia. P. gives the full genealogy. Pfl., to whom refer, qu. Plutarch, Theseus 7, for the genealogies. " = **are." the singular, by 212. av et77 = would thus be" , attraction, instead of the plural ^. 213. fevov^: ^^touching, in point of relationship." Cf. the use of ?: ? ;»' e7xoi' = "as I stood in point of speed:" i.e., "with all my speed." Cf. Madvig, Gk. Syn. % 49. R. 2. ^ for €$, not an uncommon usage: cf. Eurip. A/c. 291, \$ ^ avrois - : Soph. Oed. Col. 738. Here the exchange is of real service, occurring, in a different sense, in the next verse. 214. = '' relzuon^hip.'" So Pfl., auyyeveias. Cf. L. and Sc. 3. [But L. and Sc. quote this passage under the head of TO = fitness. ] 216. governs the dative, . 21/. , of Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons. See the description of this Labour in the chorus of Here. Fur. 408—417. '?, " murderous," = "involving murder to get it." P. ^, "after the girdle "= " to fetch." So often in Homer. 218. , "black, shadowy;" only in Euripides in this pas- sage. Twice in Sophocles, Aj'ax, 376, of blood; and in Antig. 700, .—. = "up and. out of." 219. For with accusative, cf. Antig, 515: but the dative in luJi, 532, . 220. For with the infinitive, cf. Eur. Stcppl. 385, ^ 6$ ^. 221. can, by virtue of its position, be construed either with Trpos or with the participle. Cf. 113.—For , of. Soph. Ajax, 1024. 223. Tr. " not to say an evil in the state also." But see N. If the reading in the text is correct, and the comma be put after instead of before j, iv is probably not the preposition, but an adverb, = ''also:' Cf. L. and Sc, B. 3, Soph. Ajax, 675, Oed. Tyr. 27, 181. 224. For ?, cf. 51.—Hermann takes av'fiivu% as a noun, and the two preceding words as adjectives qualifying it. Pfl. —But it is probably better to take each separately; thus giving the Heracleidae three distinct claims for sympathy. 225. The words \ irphs % occur in Alcesi. 390. — — ; EXPLANATORY NOTES. 75 226. See N. 6... = 6.^. For , cf. 124. —Pfl. Avould take parenthetically; and compares Xen. Atiab. I. 10. I, \€$ ^ { oi ) .—For irpbs yevdov, cf. 755> '^vhere rrept governs both nouns, as irpos in this passage. Or xepoiv may depend directly on . Cf. I/cr. 752, €€ Tujvde ^, Pfl. ; 2:7. 7ei'€toi' =" the chin " 7ei'etas= "the beard." 229. y€vov= " prove yourself." 231. \, a change from the usual -. Cf. 444. —Pfl. assigns virb to the verb, ^^' Kpydois: an instance of tmesis. 232. €="1 at once felt pity (and now express it)." An aorist is often colloquially used by dramatists to express momentary action or emotion as if it were already past. Cf. a7retXais = "I am delighted." Cf. Madvig. Gk. Syn. §111. R. b., Goodwin, Gk. Moods and Tenses § 19. N. 5.—See N.— is genitive depending on aKOvcras. "^- ""^? •$ ^, may be explained as genitive of com- parison.€$.Cf. Jl/ed. 315, , and Aesch. Suppl. 1005, 234. eaeidou, = "I have only now savi, though I have often hcardoi it." yap amplifies the statement of the preceding line. Cf. 12 and 302. 236. = " temae. "— ai;,u-0o/)a = "circum-stance." Cf. Soph. Oed. Tyr. 44, ras Thuc. I. 140, irpo^ ras ,Elm. takes it as "three ways % ^/ .— of regarding this occurrence:" but Matth. as a mere periphrasis for " three misfortunes." Cf. 126. 238. €' — 'On whose altar,** or, "/ whose statue."— Cf. Eur. Suppl. 93, . 239. iravrjyupLi, here simply an "assembly:" but, strictly, "a general solemn holiday assembly." 240. I. Elm. rightly notices that these two facts should be taken as one idea: they form the second ?. But in 2 lolaus ^ 14, had expressly separated the two. Strictly speaking, Demophon should have spoken of four, not three, .^ .— = iraTpbs = "which is a piece of gratitude due to their father" (sc. for favours received from him) : accusative in apposition to the sentence d.Herc.F. 1238, Orestes, 828. 242. This is the third .% O5os. Cf. 200. — 76 HERACLEIDAE. 243. usually takes an accusative of the thing of which one is despoiled. Cf. Soph. Philoct. 413, ' -, Iphig. Aid. 1275. 245. , a later form for ^. Cf. 186, . For 6, see N. 246. Tr. "Why, that action were as bad as hanging." Cf. Ar. Acharn. 125, . -^/; also A/c. 229, 230, and Soph. Oed. Tyr. 1374, ^/ry' ^ ^^ -. 247• ^'' ^0eXes, implying a wnsh that it is too late to realize, see L. and Sc. ; and Medea i. The notion is one of a debt awed, but not paid ; of Avhat you might to have done, but did not do. 248. Tr. "lest any one shall tear you away by force." Verbs of fearmg, etc., imply thought, and '^ (generally ) is used to intro- duce the object of the fear: it really = of the ordinary constmc- lion. Thus in Hdt. I. 9, ws corresponds to ] yapTjrai in the same sentence after .— Cf. 160, and 1051 of this play. [Soph. El. 963, 1309, 1426. Elm.]. See L. and Sc. 6$, .• I. c, also B. II. b, Goodwin, Greek Lloods and Tenses, p. 85 (§ 46, note 6 a). 250. ''Ap70S , but eis^pyos in 60, and in 98. 251. Observe how carefully Demophon is made to choose his words so as to state his own point of view: for ^eiOts implies "who are strangers to Eurystheus, and not his subjects;" and iyKoXei, which is the proper word for a complaint before a court of justice, implies that Eurystheus must use argument and not force. iyKoXe'iv takes the dative of the person as in Soph. ey but ayopdv £L 778, ; takes the genitive. " 253. , subjunctive. The meaning is: If it not only be just, but I prove it to be so." 255. Tr. "Nay, my conduct is no disgrace to me; but yours is an injury to yourself." See N., for other ways of writing and of translating this line. The young student will carefully distinguish between ovkovu affirmative, and negative. Cf. iii. 256. With oLye supply . The meaning is, "If I hand these over to you, to drag them to Argos 'wiih yoii " (force of middle voice). Cf. 808. 257. 5e emphasises e^o/Jife, and not . Cf. 565. So in Eur. /. 532, ' eh /3 = €5 de. Pfl.— e^opt^et;/^" extenninare." See 16. — — —— EXPLANATORY NOTES. 77 258. For ?, cf. note on ^1%=^* gauche,'''' Cf. Eur. El. 972, ' — " .% , € ; ^eoO = the god whose temple protects them." For , see note on 933. 260. Cf. Soph, ^jax, 159, -/, "the protection of:" but in Aesch. J't'rs. 147, ^'•'• the drawing of a bow." 263. ** Yes, provided that you do not injure Mycenae. " The Praeco is insolent. 264. , imperative. 266. The first syllable of tolovtos is here short, as in Aesch, J^. " "=" 1352, qu. by P. = will not free myself from will not leave hold of." Cf. HfC. 400, . 208. TaXti/^ "rursus." 269. , "presently:" but in Ar. jPluf. 130; AvcS, 1000; and Plato, passim, ayri/ca=" for example."—For €, cf. 65, . 270. Tr. "and that without delay."—d/i^SoXas = aiO/SoXas = " post- ponement, delay." But in Ar. Aves, 1385, = " the start, the prelude." The sense of throiuing iT^underlies both meanings. 271. For , cf. 685.—The person of a was in all timcb sacred. 272. d ye, so in A/c. 493.—Demophon retorts with , the same word that Copreus had used in his taunt, line 272. 276. , strictly a spear-point, here="a body of spearmen." So twice in Pindar. But observe that in Aesch. Prom. 405 and 925, )=" sceptre;" i.e. badge of power. , perhaps a definite number. 277. , transitive = " await." € = 6\. , the round shield, is probably here, as often, put for '', the oblong shield. So in Phocn. 78. 278. Alcathoos son of Pelops had reigned at Mcgara, shortly be- fore these events: hence, the district of Megara, between Athens and Corinth, is here intended. 279. = " watching Avith outstretched head;" a poetical word used, always in a military sense, by Herodotus and Xenophon; who both affect poetical expressions. ='^\ Athenian army." Cf. Eur. Siippl. 695, . 28. "XoyuTrpos, vehemens, rapidus, potens." Ci. Ar. Eqicit. ^^o, ^^€ yap \$ . jNIusgr. apud Elm.— So Thuc. vii. 71, . [But P., after Barnes, would render "bright in " armour."] = the assault on the herald;" cf. 18. — — — 7 8 HERA CLEIDAE. 28 r. "To the crops and the trees (esp. olive trees):" cf. - and ^. Attica was often enough ravaged in the Pelop. war by the Laced, from Deceleia, which was the , or permanent hostile fort on Attic soil. See Thuc. vii. 19. But Deceleia was not permanently garrisoned by Peloponnesians till the spring of B.C. 413. 282. , optative; cf. Ar. jP/uL 991. ^ — ^. 283. /ii7 = "if wedo not." Cf. 328, 533. —Look carefully at in L. andSc. —Here exit Copreus. 2S4. , an imprecation, = " go with a curse :" cf. Androin. 715, , "hands off !" B. qu. Ar. F/ui. 598, jpu^s. It Avas probably not a dignified expression. For rb , cf. note on 58. 285. e/ees="you Avere not about to," "it was not likely, it was not destined that you would." 289. For 'ApyeLuf, cf. note on 191. " 291. eri £=" on these grounds = e7ri TOiirots. A demonstrative use of the article common in Homer and in Lyric poets. —With supply $ . 292. Some say that Euripides had a hatred for heralds, as it is said he had for women. But the opinions which a dramatist puts into the mouths of his characters are not necessarily his own. The herald in Aesch. Siifpl. is just as unfavourably drawn as the herald in the Heracleidae. The necessities of the plot do not allow Copreus to speak soft words. See Elm. 293. 7;}' = " exaggerare." Cf. Ided. 526, Trvpyots : Ar. Ranae, iooj^,7rvpyoaas ^/^" building up like towers." yiyv. = " quam quae vere fiunt." Pfl. Cf. 1003. 294. ., plural for singular. " 295. 6. . The sense is, He (the herald) came fo hut a small inta-val between himself and death; i.e., only a little way off." So Isocrates 3S8 E, aTroOavelv. Compare examples in L. and Sc. irapa c. 5. [Pfl. agrees: but P. appears to think the subject of may be Demophon.]—Cf. Ar. A^uh. 120, TO . 297, 8. For ., Pfl. Avell compares Cicero pro Quint, c. 2, 8 : Quid hoc iniquius, quarfi dicere.— 7/ is epexegetic of — . yapas, privilege, prerogative. Kayadov stands for the ever}'day phrase Kayadod, the Greek equivalent for ''gentleman ;" — — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 79 noble (i) by birth, (2) by character. For iaOXhs, noble by birth, cf. Soph. Aittig, 38, dr* evyevrfs ^ eir' . So, in this play, iadXos in 299 is opposed to , base-born, in 300. —For the sentiment, vhich is common in Greek, Elm. qu. Androm. 974 and i2-,g.—0eJ. Col. 7. P. 299. ^5 here =:**i-z//)/t/i'," not ^^ dcsideriiun,^' which is tiie more usual meaning. 300. AVith KaKOLS ckolv. supply , which, the genitive, is the proper construction. , supply , strictly belongs to the end of the sentence. 301. With XtTreiv, which is epexegetic oi supply . Pfl. line irkeova^ei , As observes, the is redundant. [If , in the sense of , is taken as dependent on , compare, with Pfl., (for ) depending on ,, 227.] 302. 7/)=" to explain." In 303, 70/)= "for instance."—Notice the cretic ending in 303. But yap is here to be regarded as tacked on to .— lolaus means to say, "In our case, both sides are ." 305. For ' cf. note on 156. Either it is genitive absolute, or= "from." 306. ruJi/Se =" these children." -, i Aor. Intrans.,= *' stood before as guards. " Cf. 349, 1037. But in Thuc. 11. 65, . r7]% TroXea;s="as leaders of." Notice especially Soph. EL ySo, ex^p.tcri — " vere the authors of." 307. For the sentiment, cf. S>o^\i.Oed. Col. 1632, Acneid, i. 412. WTiat follows, 307—319, alludes to the political crisis at the time. See IntrodiiciioJi. 309. answers to 5e in 310. ''They do their part —you must do yours."—Cf. Thuc. VII. 71, eh ireipav . 311. M'ith is an instance of zeugma, \vould be the proper word. Elm. compares 785, 833, 839, 1041. 312. Notice . 313. Notice ets yrjv='^ against Attica." is infinitive as a strong imperative : or, may be supplied from the line follov,•- ing. Pfl. compares Ion, loi, Tro. 422. 316. i.e. Mycenae and Argos. [P/ioen. 106, Aesch. Si///>1. 251. P.]. 317. SeeN.—Tr. "have taken to hold for foes, instead of us;" i. e. prefers the hostility of all Argos, to that of a handful like ourselves. Elm. tr. "nobis mutabant." For mutare so used, cf. Horace, Cdes, — — So HERACLEIDAE. III. I. 48: Cur valle permutem Sabina, Divitias operosiores. See also Horace, Odes, i. 17. i ; ii. 16, 19; Sat.w. 7. no. Cf. 346, 1000. —But P. tr. "have rid us of, and taken on themselves." 318, ? ='* pauper " (English), a poor wretch who , =" cowers. 7re;/^s pauper " (Latin), one who , works for his bread, [/^;/, cf. irovo-s; penuria.] Cf. Horace, Epistles, li. 1. 12, nieo sum pauper in aere. Aristophanes in the Phitus, 552, 3, defines the difference between these two words. 320. ^^/»/, aorist= " after my death," not, "when dead," which would be €$. 32 . rav, (which is not found in Aesch., once in Soph., Oed. Tyr. 1145 ; often in Aristoph. and Plato,) is a colloquial word=" My good friend."—Tre'Xas . = " as I stand by the side of Theseus. [Others render it aequalem.'\ 322. = (, fut. of aeipQ: as makes . But is from . supply — "succoured:" so in 323. With , . ^ 827. But in 576, 953 = " to suffice:" and in Soph. Aj'ax, 824, Ifec. 1 1 64= "succour." 325. — "the opinion which people had of your father." He might have written irarpos, the objective genitive. 328. For oVrts with indicative see L. and Sc. os, B. iii. r. oVrtj e(3-ri = " who (namely, that definite person) is." oa'irep= " the very man who." is used with because the quality thus conceived and expressed is contrasted with that of the iroWoi of the principal sentence in the previous line. Cf. 283, 533. Cf. Madvig, Gl:. Synt. § 203 (e). For the sentiment, cf. Horace,^./'. 173, who calls the old man "laudator temporis acti;" also Hor. Ca7'm. ill. 6. 46, aetas parentum pejor avis, &c.: and so Homer, who makes a young man say 'H/iets -/' ^ ehai. 330. , here used with the dative, in 5 19 takes an accusative of the direct object, and again a dative in 681. In the construction with the dative the relation of the donor to the recipient predominates: in the construction with the ace. the positive result of the action upon the object. Cf. Madv. GJi. Syut. § ^6, R. i. 33i.Toi7a/3 = rot 76 (/), seeL. and Sc ) probably here intensifies the force of but, ^ ; as a rule, the force of the preceding word. 332. , frequentative. — EXPLANATOR NOTES. = 333• , cf. 353> = " ^^^^ confiJcnt." But in 832 and 931 "think, expect." 334. TotaDra, ... The meaning is, *' The conduct of these fugi- tives will be as you have said above : our kindness will be borne in mind (passive use) by them." Here xapts=" beneficium :" but more commonly = "gratitude;" a meaning Avhich is possible here also. A favour is regarded in opposite lights by the two between whom it passes: hence the two meanings of . See 438, 548. 335. Take here with the in 340; and 337, vith re 340. For ^ with re, Pfl. qu. Hippol. 996: P. qu. Med. 125.—[Pfl. takes av\\oyoi/= (cf. "ad populum referre"}: but it probably refers to the levy of an army.] 336. With supply avrovs. [But, if Pfl. is right in note above, must here= " I will make arrangements."] Remember that where or ? with av is found \vith a subjunc- tive in final sentences the dv must be closely joined with the particle. It is impossible to express its exact force, when thus used, in English. 337• X^i-Ph like wiz«//j, here = " a band of men." Cf. 1035. 338. For used absolutely, cf. Soph. F/ii/. 46, 156; in which places this whole phrase occurs. But the dative is generally added. 339. "Apyei— " at Argos :" so in 360. 340. ^i/£ro;aat= "will get sacrifices offered;" middle. " 342. 6$ — out of doors, away from home." [In /(?«, 702, dvpoios prob.= ^^commg/rom abroad."] 343. This use of with imperatives, like an interjection, is common in Homer. Cf. Pind. 01. 6. 37, ^Lvtls, 7]$. 344. 5. For cf. note on 972. ^. • = Elm. , €0. 345. ev ttoXlv is a quotation of their prayer. [But Elm. notes another possible translation: "expectantes donee:" cf. Androjii. 255, ov .^^ 347• , by crasis, is two syllables here. 348. ^-, i.e., "than the Argives use." [But B. supplies .] = '' I assert." in cf. 350. . So 391: and Soph. Ocd. Col. 317, " 352. Cf. Aesch. Fers. 83S, : will put up with, or stand." But see 3S0. B. 6 — —— — 82 HERACLEIDAE. 353. The herald is gone ; but the chorus fling their words after him. The metres are " Choriambici sensim ad Glyconeos deflexi:" Pfl., who, here and elsewhere, gives a map of the metres of each chorus. —Tr. " Though you boast greatly (cf. 333), others care not (96), for you any the more (sc. for that reason)." 358. Take with dt], ——^^ may it never [Porson, Hecuba, 1278] be so to Athens: (i.e., that she should desert suppliants)." " 359. \\$, cf. /)/)5, = with iaiv places ()," It is an Homeric form. Cf. Odyss. XIV. 2, du , Find. lyih. 12. 45 \6({) iroXei . 361. Cf. Iliad, XIX. 123, YivpvaQtm TraCs €. 362. OS refers back to in 353. 365. For . 6$, holding on to, cf. Ion 1404, . The genitive is of the part to which the clinging refers. 367, 8. i.e., neither doing what you ought, nor (from another point of view) saying what you ought. 369. For iFoC, expressing indignation, cf. 510, Soph. Ajax, iioo, Oed. Tyr. Philoct. For /caXccs, -^ ; 390, 451. adverb for adjective, cf. 1054, Ka.BapQs. 370. For = " with," in the sense of "in the mind of," cf. 201, 881. 374. '5 = " non impune," Elm., "non nuUo negotio," Pfl. So Ale. 680, ov $ . Elm. Pfl. qu. Cicero, de Finidus, V. 3. 7, Fortasse non poterit sic abire. It is not an uncommon expres- usually takes the genitive but cf. Choeph. sion. , like /, j 714, . See L. and Sc. ii. 2. 376. A willow (shield) overlaid with \$. 377. See . 378. is ethic dative= "trouble me not the city.' 379. Cf. Hippol. 462, ' €$ ev . Elm. 2. here = ' : see L. and Sc . Ii. , from the point of view of; or, in connection with, touching. Cf. Hdt. VI. 116, ? , Madv. Gk. Syn, § 49, b. R. 2. 380. — "hold yourself back. " Cf. Iliad, XXIII. 587, . But in Iliad I. 586= "hold yourself if/^." See 352 of this play. —In those tenses of and its compounds in which occurs, the idea is usually that of withholding, keeping back from. 381. "My son, why, I prithee." (// =" anxious thought." Cf. Aesch. From. 437, ^. . ; EXPLANATORY NOTES. }, 382. »'^oj'="new and strange:" he is reluctant to use the ill- omened word . Cf. Eur. ^'iifpl. 99. So frequently. 383. With , supply wape'ii'ai: so in Aesch. Fcrs. 814 ( ) , ^ (supply '). 384• ; is used with the Subjunctive, and the Future Indi- cative, to express strong negation : such a use being almost equivalent to the force of the Future with . The construction has been generally explained by an ellipsis of some word expressing or implying fear : (sc. ) -, ... Cf, Madvig, G/:. Synt. § 124, a. R. 3. But Goodwin [Gk. Moods and Tenses, § 89, i) explains the as interrogative, and as strengthening an assertion by a paren- surely will not thetical qliestion : i.e. "^^^ happen." [Mr Fennell in his edition of Pindar suggests that , the representative of the old and probably the original negative MA, once used generally in direct negation with the indicative, is in this use of ov retained in its-old force, with the newer and weaker sign of negation to avoid the misconception liable to arise when Avas no longer used as a direct negative. Cf. Fennell, Pindar, 01. i. 7.] 3S5, 6. See N. for important variation. 386. Kod can be taken here as either = ^^and" or "^zv«." Elm. 387. 65 ras 'Adrivas can either, with Pfl., be taken with ^, or ' with . Cf. Hippol. 6, ' ets ^. L. and Sc. qu. Andocides, xx. i6, ev eis . 388. Zeus is mentioned as being above the other gods. He might have said Nemesis, as the instrument of Zeus. The sentiment is an imitation, and almost a quotation, of Aeschylus, Persae 82 7, ZeJs rot - ayav eireaTLV. See note on 459. 390. has almost the same meaning as , see L. and Sc. 392. is to be taken as one word with ayyfKoLai (or 6pav) otherwise it would be . VI. Marathon is described as 393• • ^' Hdt. 102 ; where - evi-mrevaai, as being a flat countr}'. But in all proba- is for i/ie tuhole country. — in bility, ' yrjs merely a phrase , hostile sense, =immistt: so , various reading in 355. :" 394. 0(57'=** eyebrow accusative of place. Cf. Byron, "A king stood on the rockj> droza That looks o'er sea-girt Salamis," and N. Test. "They brought Him to the drcrcv of the hill." In Ion 366, (which is usually causal) is used as here : , he sits the tripod. —For , cf. Hippol. 1248. 6—2 —— — —— HERACLEIDAE. 84 , 395• ^/co7re7i'= " to look about to see" (\/^/ca7r=^spac. -?, " spec-ula) : ^/^ = to descry from a look-out."—For du Xe'7Ot/i£, used parenthetically, B. qu. Bacch. 628, bb^av -^. 396. See N.—With , supply 6. Either ev ^'05 = a safe part of the country ;" 397• ^ " or (with P. after Matth.) take 6% apart from ej/ , as a genitive. depending on , which may possibly be supplied from 400. € almost = . Cf. 74.—The '•/ would not be slain till the moment before the contest ; but, meanwhile, other victims Avere being slain. Elm. ; Avho qu. Aesch. Persae 201 —3. 01% QeCiv — '-'-iox those of the gods to whom." , is here used literally: but metaphorically in Hcl. 1255, '$ , and Eur. Siippl. 375, <\ €6. 401. ^;7?7. = " is filled with sacrifices = lustratur :" it is generally active, in the sense of " to be busy with sacrifices." B. compares ^. . ^^ 367, avXeirai irav €\ = is filled vith music;" and Jld. 1432, — yaiav . is always used of Athens proper; as we say, "the city:" and cannot mean Marathon. 402. = "relating to the rout of:" cf. 1032, -. Cf. also Eur. £L ^6g, "E/cropos , and observe the dative. —P. rightly observes that the epithets in this line refer to dot/i the preceding lines. = 403. aXiaas. So also it is in \$ Here. Fur. 412. ^ . \!' is more common. Both are often used by Xenophon. Elm. 404. :7€7^=" tested." Look out ? and cf. 905. For , cf. Thuc. IV. 97, ev . "Accessible; those recited by \•," P. For examples of , . refers to Hdt. v. 91, 92. 405. and are defined by Thuc. II. 8. The Scholiast on that passage asserts, that they were respectively in prose and verse. 407. 7i'w/xa = 7i'ayui7= " opinion :" cf. Aesch. ^^. 1352. = *' is conspicuous as — : an Attic form. . = being the same." . is used with dative of that which one is conspicuous in, ajHOJig, or for. 408. 0: = " jugulare." Notice absence of caesura. 409. iriTLs is not a mere relative, but imphes that the particular quality or circumstance which it introduces is the ground of the action — EXPLANATORY NOTES. S5 ** " stated in the preceding line : = a person who," one that is." Madvig, Gk. Synt. § 105 d. Cf. 328, 414. 411. KTiviu here has almost the sense of Krdvuv . 412. -, i. e., to kill his child. Take together. oVrts — 413. 4. $ — €=€ . There is emphasis in the position oi : "his dearest, even his children." 415. For the double ' cf. notes on 721, and 1005. The first av, called the apodeictic av, is introduced to shew that the clause is going to be conditional, and in each case emphasises the word which it follows. Compare And)-om. 934, iv 7' e/tots ' ojf '' — ;" avyas €* . , here=" knots of men but generally = " conflicts." [So Elm., " coetus, conventus ;" who qu. Andr. loSS, ^s re '^ r' ; and L. and Sc. who qu. Thuc. II. 21, 'L^yvvoL!\ 4i6. rcDi' ., the genitive = '' consisting of those who;" or, possibly, genitive absolute. —For , cf. 682. In these two cases, the imperfect either is the simple past tense; or denotes, as it sometimes does, that it was alivays (and therefore is esschtiallyi) just : in Avhich latter case it may be translated by the present. 417. Cf. Ar. Ran. 996, yap ^. But usually the genitive is added, as in Hippol. 1057, ^ . For this reason. Elm. wrote here. 419. IT. is used of a war in one's own countr)% cf. 146, 634. Cf. Thuc. I. 118, of the Helot war in Laconia, and note on 146. i^apT.— " is preparing." 420. oTTWs, as relative to understood, = 7ii : and seems to be rare with the future. =" 422. . be traduced , or slandered <5j'." So in ZTcr. 863. 423. here simply = us, but conveys more emphasis. Cf. Aesch. From. ^vaiov Soph. 452, ' $ ; Ocd. Co/. 343, , Atitig. 1033, . 424- ' , i.e. and not otherwise. For examples of the very favourite contrast between see L. — ^ and , and Sc. . The opposite sentiment is expressed by Atossa in Aesch. Peisae, i\i — 214, to which the student should refer, and which Euripides probably had in mind. 425. ' ^="an ergo "= "can it be then." Elm. qu. many examples. [Matth. objected to ' -, on the ground that the chorus — — 86 HERACLEIDAE. in the orchestra ought not to interrogate an actor on the stage : but, as Pfl. observes, this is almost a soliloquy, and is at any rate a question that needs no answer.] = " though she wishes it." 427. ^•/ = €, and occurs 6S1, and in Soph. .<^/2• 1239, Cyc/. 99, «S:c. 429. vith the dative is common enough : cf. 459, . See also Phoen. 702, es 075 awrj\pa lIoXweLKeL. " €is xeipa= " close at hand (" within grasp," P.). The whole phrase therefore is not a difficult one. elra, "and then, and thereupon," here is more connected with ^^ than with . See L. and Sc. €' I. 2; and cf. Aesch. F. V. 777, nepSos . 430. Aor. I. Pass, €\. So iXaOels in Ar. £cd. 4. 433,4. ToXaLva, sorry, vretched : epithet of epts in Eur. £/. -248; and of in Phoot. 1710. — Tr. " not intending to complete the booii.^' 435• cvyyv., "pardonable," 981. —ei /at; ^eXet= "seeing that he is not willing." 436. For alveaas ^, cf. Med. 33, : the meaning is not stronger than that of the present tense. For in the sense of , to acquiesce hi, see quotations in L. and Sc, 437. /0'= " the disposition of this city towards us." 438. Yox -, "to fare," with this, as it were, cognate accu- — sative, Pfl. qu. Orestes 1352, KaKo^s. , here again can be either the gratitude or the boon : cf. note on 334. 439. . The (deliberative) subjunctive, • , would have been more usual: but the notion of requirement, the '^is to l^e,'' is less prominent, and the question is put in the indi- cative, asking what wilt happen. Madvig, Gk. Synt. § 121. R. i. —Tr. "how I shall treat, dispose of, you."—For ri used as an adverb of manner, cf. 193 and L. and Sc II. 3. 440. For atrrfTrroj, cf. 124. 441. yaiai ^ prob. = " What altar (or sacred enclosure) in Hellas : " cf. Trach. 607, where ep/cos Ipov has the same meaning. But L. and Sc. give 7. '.= ^'•fenced ciiv." 444. here, instead of governing an expressed genitive, intro- duces a clause, like \ otl: cf. Ar. A^ulf. 1429, (sc. ) otc ' . It is gen. in this sense preceded, as here, by $, aWos, or some such inclusive or exclusive word, (cf. L. and Sc. II. ) and is a sign of the transition from the old usage to its later meaning "however," which is so common in Lucian. — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 87 445. For in the sense of to weep for, with accusative, cf. Soph. El. 1 1 17, ri ^ . [In that passage, however, rt is possibly adverbial.] 447. nearly always has the feminine form in Euripides. For the genitive, Elm. qu. Hec. 661, arjs ; and Mecl. 1028, and Pfl. Pers. The genitive ^can, as usual, be 445.— explained by the idea of the unhappiness proceeding from, or being connected 7vith, that which is so governed. 451. Cf. the common phrase ' ^ . *' Do . (" you know the thing which"— should be done, — or ," he intended to say; but breaks off, and says, ) "doit!" See Goodwin, Greek Moods and Tenses, p. 179 (§7 note 3), and Madvig, Gk. Synt. § 141. R. i ; cf. Plautus *'fac sed scin quomodo," Soph. Oed. Tyr. % 543, ^ . 454. Notice followed by re. = — 456, 7. \> € \. , treat despitefully with . 458. For aKaios, cf. note on 258; it = gauche, lubberly, "no gentle- man." Compare the abuse of Eurystheus in 743—747. From com- ' parison with Soph. Ajax 678 — 682, €$ is ' €$ ws avdis, ..., it will be seen that ^ may here mean ;'''' simply '' sUipid one who forgets that pride may have a fall. —Pfl. compares an exactly similar remark in Here. Ftir. 299— 301, '^ ' , ... " 459• •f'^'^ , cf. note on 4-9• '"^ . — not with pre- sumptuous ignorance:" , "a thought," having the sense of "a proud thought." Cf. 387, 926. 460. For cf. notes on 6 and 200. "? hie dementia, ut crudelitas Here. Fur. 165." Elm., who qu. at length in his Appendix Antipho pp. 618, 619. 461. , do not blame us. The meaning of the two follow- ing lines is, We shall not be altogether gainers : therefore (it is implied) we ought not to be blamed for selfishness.—But observe that Pfl. takes to mean airiq. , "Do not ask what ve cannot grant without disgrace." 464. , helpless, involving a dead-lock. The word is harped on again in 472, 487, 492, 495. , for ^. 465. It is odd that Eurystheus of Mycenae should be called , without qualifying epithet, by Demophon of Athens. But Elm. qu. a similar case in Here. Fur. 589, / ^. — — — — — : SS HERACLEIDAE. 466. irXiov iarlu ^/ ; = "What advantage is it to me?" irXhv ^XeLv, "to have an advantage:" TrXeoveKTeiv, "to be in the habit of having an advantage," and so="to be avaricious." Cf. A}tiig. " 268, 6t ovbev Tjv : when we got no advantage by our enquiries." 468. €6, here = "dangerous;" but the meaning "sirange" is generally contained in : cf. Aesch. Prom. 39, rh ^uyye^es rot Zeivhv = "is a strangely powerful tie;" and such phrases as leivov rh and oi 8eLuoi Xeyeiv. 469. re, /cat = "quum, turn." Cf. Soph. Antig: 181, ehat =" re , not only now. ..but formerly." irarpos, object- ive genitive. 470. For \$, see N. / = "look to, weigh well." 471. Kaipios in its common sense of seasonable, cf. tempestivus but notice Aesch. Ag. 1343, -, a critical, that is, a mortal, wound. 473. Some think that Demophon here finally left the stage. But as most authorities give to Demophon the speech 567—573, it is probable that D. remained till 573. See N. on 567. 474. The names Macaria and Copreus do not occur in the play: but \vere by the Grammarians imported into the Index personarum. Here in Elm. and in B. is to be found an account of Macaria qu. from Pausanias I. c. 32. is here the reverse of aiodss as used in 43, and of TO .—e|o5ois, " on the ground of my coming out." See 660, 775, 789. [So Pfl. and B. after Elm. See Pll. for examples of this causal dative.] is governed by , to attribute. 4'j6, 7. TO 0/). = " discretion. " Observe that the two nouns, forming one idea, take in the singular. —Cf. Soph. AJ. 293, — is - . , feminine. It always of two terminations only. 478. Notice 'lo'Xewj, vocative. 479. If — "to represent," " negociate for," then " yevovs will express relation : = Avith reference to the family." If it = "to take the lead of;" then the genit. will be the same as after verbs implying rule, supremacy over, etc. Mad\ag, Gi. Synt. § 58 b. = ^ For TTjoea/Seyeti' " to be the older," cf. 45, , yivos. — is 480. With supply ^. ' yap for yap dpX, to suit the metre. Elm. , fitting, i.e., for the post, — —: EXPLANATORY NOTES. Sg i.e., . Qi. Ezim. 207, , Pin J. 01. 9, Epod. 3 6$ avayeladai. [But Pfl. with would supply rots -. He observes " videlicet mascula virgo."] 481, 1. = irepl , irepl . Elm. =" in addition to, over and above." 482, 3. . The indicative denotes a belief that the fear is well grounded. M17 with indie, in indirect question is in fact a use transferred from the direct question. in such cases = «//;. Cf. Soph. Antig. 1253, €€ . Troad. 176, KTdveiv | . See examples in L. and Sc. , C. II. 2. , "added." See L. and Sc. III. 2. 484. 5?) = not lately chiefly, or only. 486, 7. is found in bad sense in Phoai. 1266, Elm. avdis — ^^ rursus iterum." 488, 9. ^$ is contr. fr. aoidovs. — is often for any young animal. 490. . . .KeKeveiv . There are different ways of explaining the construction, (i) KeXeveiv as epexegetical of , where Eur. might have written KeXevovTas. (2) KeXeCeiv may be simply superfluous, JVidies, Pfl.; who aptly qu. Ar. 331, 334, where occurs twice ; also Thcsm. 498, 501, repetition of . (3) Elm. takes with , KeXeveiv with , translating "ait non taurum signifi- care sed puellam mactari jubere." [(4) Elm, also thinks that possibly while the subject of . is )?, the subject of . is Demophon himself. (5) He qu. Rhesus 880, ^ .)... .—Possibly the two verbs should be taken together in the present " passage also : he says that the soothsayers declare that they bid you."] 492. here takes a cognate accusative, or accusative of respect: elsewhere, we also find . tlvos, or with the dative; 11 = " of." as in Soph. AJ. 13, $ /^' on the ground 494. ="not in so many words, but it comes to this." Elm. qu. Phocn. 161, ' $, ?. 495• See .—" Unless we shall contrive a way out of this difficulty {) in some tvay" (adverbial use). 496, 7. where we expected oau There is a zeugma " - is used with in the sense of he bi'ds;^' and with as " he says " (oratio recta). 495. See N.—Tr. with P., "Is it on these terms that we depend —— — — —" 90 HERACLEIDAE. for safety?" [Elm. would tr. ^ haeremus : "In this pass, are we prevented from being saved?" For this he qu. Thuc. i. 25, iv . But, as Pfl. observes, ( : hardly = haerebant in that passage.] . = " do we indeed depend cf. L. and Sc /coi, B. Ii. i. 5CX5. lTt="do not as yet^ Take vvv en together, not ^tl: cf. 538, and Aesch. Ag: 818, Ir' ttoXis. 2. avTr] = uliro. ei/u; is 501, With supply which very often— omitted with this adjective. Cf. Soph. Oed. Tyr. 91, %. 7=" pnt myself by the side of, and so, submit to:" so in Demosth. 597, ult., , . But in 564 of this play, 7rapeffrai'at = adesse ; and so in 590. 504. See X. — Cf. 986. 991, veiKOS, and . 505, 6. *' Shall I, though I have the opportunity of securing the safety of all, flee so as to— escape death?" Pfl. qu. Hdt. VII. 194, - . is nora. or ace. absolute. 50S—510. Does she mean "It w^ere ridiculous, that, while we give way to lamentations as suppliants (which is bad enough in itself) we should also make an exhibition of our cowardice?"—With $ supply ovTas, not ehai. The latter would mean " should appear to be cowards." 510. For TToG, see note on 369. kv ^, "are thought fitting amongst good people;" or, possibly, "are seen amongst good actions." 511. here and in 968 is ironical: not so in 670. : this prayer is always inserted de/ore the mention of the ill-omened word. See 714. 512. els. The transposition is for the sake of the metre. 514. , i.e., than in the present case. 515. may be either future indie, or deliberative subjunc- tive. Elm. 516. ^ = " look here, lo !" is an emphatic form of . [But P. translates , "if, as doubtless they . "] 517. 8. " Why do you ask us to risk our lives for you, while you cling to life yourselves ?" 519, 520. For . cf. 330, 681. is thus often used in strong protestations. See L. and Sc. , . 4. b. = 522, 3. ^ = "in this way" (^) " \yith such a hope." , frequentative. —With supply . — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 91 526. cwa.^i.av, supply . Here, and in Soph. Atiiig. 694, 0^0140= " undeserving of evil." 527. 17TIJ, as in 409, implies a reason; " such as to be." 528. '=-€ . 529. See .—Note that the reading in the text is a cretic reading. — cf. 60 1, and Iphig. T. 40, refers to the beginning of a sacrifice,,when the lock or tuft of hair was cut from a victim's forehead. It naturally takes genitive of the victim ; and, in Ale. 74, dative of the instrument ; . 530. I. ^.—Cf. Andr. 357, eKOvres aKOwres, Pfl. —€••/\\, = ^^ / J>roc/aim,^^ implies "/promise.^' Ci. Ion, 1605, €> qu. by P. 533. For =".,the event of," cf. 283, 328. See 518, —For ', Pfl. qu. Jl/ed. 553. Compare with this speech of Macaria, that of Polyxena in Hec. £42, of Iphigeneia in //>/i. Aul. 1368, and of Praxithea, in Erectheus, Frag. Elm. —And yet they say that Euripides was a misog}^nist. 0eO, cf. oi ad/fiiraiioji. So in Ax. Az\-s, 535.$, .552, 1724, 536. $, here a preposition, = 7 = ' in ^^ — in 583• % in this sense follows the word Avhich it governs. See Index. 538. is used with ^^ instead of the comparative adjective. —For , cf. note on 500. P. takes it here as "beyond the present example." B. takes en together. But Avhy not = "hereafter"? 541. See X. ", the epic genitive, does not elseAvhere occur in Tragedy. It may be taken as genitive in apposition with, and explanatory of, , and also as dependent on .— , alluding to the request of Macaria in 474. — For . and dat. of cause, cf. Here. 1160, toXs 3. 542. TTj ]= " at the mischance Avhich makes such words neces- sary." 546. 7ra\os="the lot as shaken from a helmet." is the more common word in Tragedy. But cf. Ion, 416, ovs , and Soph. Aniz'g. 275. 548. , there is no boon, no favour conferred: see note on 334. : with subj. aorist makes a request for the moment. , or some such word, can always be supplied. Cf. 558, and 654. 549. With supply either , or , or . — — — — " 92 HERACLEIDAE. The genitive of comparison is 554, 5. (4 }. naturally the usual construction with , as in Ar. Equit. 584. Probably the accusative can be explained thus: vtr^p^ep^iv here = *'you exalt, you carry to excess, you top tip one act of boldness by another. [So B. from Matth. But Elm. has such searchings of heart on the subject, that he would resort to emendation. See Pflugk's note.] vKepixeLv and are also found with an ace. in place of the usual genitive. ** 558, lolaus had just said: I do not bid you die ; I only say that *' by your death you aid your kin. " Macaria replies, 0? /ceXei^eu : by so saying, you practically do bid me, and act wisely in so bidding me." Elm., hoAvever, tr. $ "cattiiotisly:" in the sense that 'Your command is so carefully worded that you escape participation in the guilt of my blood.'—For rpearjs cf. note on 548. , so usually of the stain of murder. Cf. Aesch. Siippl. 265, ., and Hippo/. 35. 559, ', jussive, /ei me die. As Elm. observes, the plural subjunctive is more common in this sense. He qu. Hippol. — 567, , and 354» ' . ^^ "of my own free-will." P. [or, "as becomes a free woman." Elm.]. I. to die in, i.e., by. — = cf. 560, , \ her \, 13, 134, 200 and Index. ^, a woman's garment, answering to the man's or outer garment. = ''he present and." 562. ye simply emphasises the dreadful vord ^/.— detvby, the strange and dreadful end, or deed. Cf. Jl/eJ. 393, ' et.ui irpos TO €. 563, 4• Observe that etirep in Attic is only used when the truth of the supposition is assumed. But in Homer, €i7rep = Kai ei'=*'even though." Cf. //. VII. 117, direp ' €..,65. Odyss. I. 167, elirep tls ^ iXevaeadai. — With oinrep, supply Tre^u/cei/at.— For cf. note on 502. 565. emphasises , and not . See note on 257. —With , " i/ie," supply el TOUT ^Aets. [Elm., who gives many examples of this use of ].— '€= " as^ of Demophon." 567. See N. 568. is used specially of dressing 'wome7i; in 725, of armour: in Tj-oad. 1147, of paying honours to a vkKV%, and in Soph. Antig. 396, . —— — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 93 570. -. here = " boldest, most stout-hearted : " so Ehii., who qu. from //cc. 562, ho\v Polyxena Ae^e \oyov. In Soph. £. 439, . - seems to bear the (bad) sense of "bold." In any case, the underlying idea is endurance. 572, 3. The accusative after , which is to be supplied from the following line: or, the ace. of respect. —Exit Demophon finally. 575, 6. Take together, and tr. : "Teach them to be such as you are, \vise in all." [So Pfl., who qu. many instances. And so B. But see Elm.]. —For the idea in ^ , cf. Med. ' 6$ 295, ' ' ?$- . Pfl. We, on the other hand, have the proverb about A little learning. =*' it will suffice them:" cf. 323, 827. 577. Tr. " Try to save them from death (so that they do not die)." " [But Elm. has a comma after : in which case, tr. And do not be eager to die."] 578. Tr. " For thee v:e are as thy children: by thine hands have we been reared." 580. At the end of this line, the following contrasted thought was left to suggest itself to lolaus: —So do you, for your part, offer your old age, and live for them. 581. here and in ^sch. Eum. 57 = ** assembly:'''' but its more usual meaning is, a being together, intercourse. Cf. Frofu. 39, cvyy^vis Toi deivbv ff , and Soph. Fhiloct. 70. 582. 3. Vith " supply .^ or .—With €, cf. note on 536. -^. The same future passive is found in Androm. 315. —For , \vould be more usual : , strictly refers to the throat. 584. ? . Cf. Aesch. Thcb, 232. We should have expected ^, for there does not seem to be implied any idea of ?noiion to the house. P. refers to Hippol. 2, , and Eur. Snppl. 1197, .,. . For the genitive with , and with other adverbs of place and time, cf. Madvig, GL• Synt. § 50. b. 588, 9. € depends on ,—Buiy, that is, m her land.—With , supply . 590. For see note on 502. , in behalf of: so in Ale. 383 and 684, oi ^, iraTepas. Cf. Ale. 682, . But observe that in Thuc. Ii. 52, " ' = to die btfore." — —— —! 94 HERACLEIDAE, 591. icet/z75\ta=*' treasures ;" cf. Soph. El. 438. — Iphigeneia in Aulis, 1398, makes a similar remark : raS/ra. yap , |' €. 593• 7^ always emphasises the preceding Avord. Distinguish there- fore 7e (here, and in 637) from ye. —oi 594, 5. $= ^^cares." . = "those just about to die." P. Tts="one," Fr. *," Ger. ^'mafi." Cf. 827, 866. —oVoi is used with as in ^zia. , and not ; Latin ^uo me vertam, not Elm. 596. Exit Macaria finally. The first five lines in the next speech are addressed to her retreating figure. 597. Of L. and Sc. give no other instance. 598. Take with . 6oo. , which is used both at beginnings and at ends of inter- = "vale," in " views, here and 630 = salve." ^ is here transi- tive : but has often the simply neuter sense of speaking in an ill-omened manner. —With yap supply some such thought as follows: ^'' Farrojell (I use the word, though it is ill-applied) /i?;-, &c." 6or. For "has been devoted, initiatum est," see note on 629. Observe the passive use of the deponent. [Elm. in a long note suggests that the reading might be , used actively : but in that case would be in the genitive. In his note in his Appendix, he gives a list of passages in which eipyaarai, another deponent, is used (i) inactive, (2) in passive, (3) doubtful]. 602. €=' am fainting, or dying:" cf. 6^6. It is a common use of the word. 603, 4• € is here used in the sense of making one thing lean upon another. = " here." 605, 6. He speaks of the future as past, because it is already decided on. —For .,., Pfl. qu. Troad. 487, and other passages. ov ,=" it is impossible to live :" cf. Soph. Antig. 566, yap arep ^ ; 607. , here=" mischief, destruction." See L. and Sc. It is a word that should only be used in Tragedy. , noun, fern. sing. Let$the beginner compare ^vith this, and translate, Medea.54, - 68. For map of the metre of this choms, which is chiefly dactylic, see Pfl. —The Strophe here, like the moral of a fable, consists of very obvious general reflections ; written, like some leading articles, to help those to think who cannot think for themselves.— The second in this — — — 1 — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 95 line is for , as in 616. Tr. "Without the gods, I say that no man becomes prosperous, none afflicted in lot." Negative clauses often thus stand, following one another without any connecting particle. Cf. V. 615. 610. For cf. //iad xvii. 359, ^. For the expres- sion compare Soph. El. 1093, / \^.€. Elm. 612. = " Awrr/Vj, properat : " intransitive. [Pfl. from Musgr. who qu.] Here. F. 108 1, 615. alludes to in 6i2. It is a Homeric word. = " thrust i/iem a.wa.y fro/n himself.^'' 617. '}$ = . 6i8. / =" erecto corpore atque animo." lolaus was lying on the ground. , " the things sent by or from the gods." Cf. Phoen. 382, 5ei .—[See .] 020. '='*\ your mind, or thoughts." ' is in- transitive,'/. and takes genitive of the person, as in //ij>p. 260, ^' 021, 2. is emphatic. Note that irpo r' yas= irpo -yas. Cf. Aesch. Theb. 30, ' ^s re ^ : Thuc. I v. 8, : Hippol. 1 58; and in Herodotus, 5. Elm. / =** unhappy, to be pitied:" but observe that the Homeric use is different ; as in ///czi/xxiii. 795, $ ?=" in vain, useless." 625. "The path of virtue leads through labours." Cf. Hesiod Oj>. ^ 289, TTJs . 627. 5 = '\ reverence." With , supply 6$: *' I share that opinion with you." Cf. 8.—Cf. Balaam in Numbers xxiii. 10, Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his. 630. One of the servants of Hyllus (an elder son of Heracles, who has been searching elsewhere for an asylum for the family, cf. 45, 46) enters to say that Hyllus is at hand with an army. These tidings, though not expressly told him, it is clear from 659 that lolaus has gathered — — — — —— 96 HERACLEIDAE. from the answers in 637 and 639. lolaus had fallen to the ground, 602 ; and had been covered with wraps, 604 : he ie therefore not at first seen by the ^-. 630, I. For \ see note on 600• is to be taken with each nominative separately. ', here="a seat ;" but, often, the act of sitting. 632. Tr. "I am here—vith poor presence as is mine." The ye emphasises but P. takes it with Cf. ; . - /iovia, = "so far as happiness belongs to cattle." Xen. Cyr. viii. 2. 14, 633. is strictly an accusative of respect ='* Why?" Cf. 646, 709. But often = "What?" Cf. Aesch. C/ioeJ>/i. 885, ' 634• ot/ceros = personal and private; as opposed to /foii/os. Cf. 146, 419. = " was constrained, oppressed:" and in this sense is only in the passive. Cf. Aesch. P. V. 655, oveipaai . 635. The change of tense has not so much emphasis here as in 654. 636. . The plural is used of one man, as in 602. - /t€0a = "have strength;" and is mostly thus used in pf. pass, with present sense. 637. Cf. note on 593. 639. For €$, a " serf ' (i.e. a server: servus), one Avho irive• (cf. irovo-s), see L. and Sc, and cf. Pfl. for learned references. "The descendants of the old Pelasgo-Argive inhabitants of Thessaly, paying portion of the produce as rent." P. —Cf. Theoc. 16. 35, - \ . 640. See . for cretic ending.—This line apostrophises Hyllus, and is not addressed to the .— =^'ixova hurt." apa is probably, judging from the reply in the following line, here used in its ordinary sense of iiiim ; but the passage will bear the use of apa as an interjection, for which see exx. in L. and Sc. I. 5. vup~" to Alcmena and to myself." 641. 7/)05 ', (adverb) = " and, besides," (implying, I don't un- derstand your alarm): cf. Aesch. J^rom. 73, 17 ye Trpos. — With vvu , cf. Here. F. 246= "at the present time." Pfl. —The accusatives may be accounted for as an accusative of duration of time, followed by an accusative of respect. Both define and limit * the scope of the verb : lit. you are fortunate as to present circum- stances, as to these matters ' = *'you are fortunate at present in this." — " — — — EXPLANATORY NOTES, ^i 644, 5. ^ is only used in the present. , intransitive, respect, as in £/. — takes an accusative of Eur. 207, . For €l with future indicative after verbs expressing emotion, cf. L. and So. ei, B. III. and I v. —As verbs of fearing may be followed by an indirect question introduced by d, , ottws, etc., the idea of anxiety implied in admits of a similar construction. For the general law, cf. Goodwin, Gree^ Moods and Tenses, § 46, N. 6. c. —The best explanation of these diihcult lines seems to be the following, in which Elm. and Pfl. agree : 0. = Hyllus, and the other elder sons of Heracles: 'ros = the arrival of Hyllus at Marathon [//<«- tum: not, reditum lit patriam, as B. thinks]. The genitive . can either be taken with , as if were understood (Elm.); or as directly depending on (Pfl.). 646. is generally a battle cry, as /Son is a cry of suppliants, or ' €'* a cry to the rescue. Cf. Aesch. Fei'sae 395, 77^ ^ 649• ToaovZe. With this word Alcmena turns from lolaus to the other, and assumes an air of bravado, thinking him another emissary of Eurystheus. 651, 2. This is one of the seven lines in Euripides which begin ' with . Elm.—' = ' any longer, =" 653. -, which here to fight with," and takes the dati- vus incommodi, is in 795, and in Eur. Suppl. 637, used absolutely : but, more generally, it means to fight for a prize, and takes , or accus. cogn. 654. "Keep a good heart, cease trembling." Cf. 548. ovK'kpybdev avoids a cretic ending, being practically one word. , a herald, not the herald. 657. . Accusative because the idea is, You are the object of my thoughts. For the elliptical use of the accus. cf. Ar. Ach. 345, , and Ar. . 273, ovtos , and Madvig, G^. Synt.^ 32. —Elm. explains in the present passage by supplying the definite word , while Matth. supplies from in the previous line. Cf. Soph. A^tti^. 441, , ^ $ , $, . The beginner will beware of taking with $.—oVajs here as a final conjunction, taking the optative after past tenses, =«/. Cf. L. and Sc. B. i. b. Be careful to distinguish between the use of $ in true Final clauses (with the subj, and opt.; very rarely the indie, which is never found with most of the final conjunctions), andthe B• 7 — — — — 9 HERACLEIDAE. use () with secondary lenses of the indicative to express an unfulfilled condition ; and (2) with the future indie, after verbs of striving, etc. is here a preposition, not an adverb ; cf. 686 and Aesch. Pcjs. 447, .—Take € together, and irAas a-s an adverb. [Elm., Herm., Matth.] 658. - (see N.) = "I knew not that : who then is' this?" 659. See note on 630. He refers to Hyllus. 660. Is addressed to the : Thou too share in my greeting on the ground of these thy tidings. 661. Take both and with direari. [B., Matth., Pfl. and see exx. in Pfl.] Tr. " Why, since his foot has reached this land, is he absent now? and where?" 662. €py usually takes , as in 963, ef/r/et ^. But cf. Soph. Oed. Tyr. 129, dp^^. i^eibevau 663. bevpo is for , as if implied motion. 664. is used causally, as in Thuc. iv. 90, and vi. 66, '€ TO , to encamp the army. (cf. 676, ) middle voice, used of the general, "he is forming for himself," or "he is getting formed." P.—So in Thuc. II. 90, Ttts $. But its common use in Thuc. in the middle is, To fall in, in order of battle. Cf. i. 48, iv. 11. 665. 6. She means, Then there is nothing more that interests me personally, in such details as these. — " my task, not yours." 66^. Cf. Aesch. 674, and Fers. 334, ; "About how many?" 669. { = \\$)="1 cannot tell you the number in any other way." See N. 671. Tr. " And lo he is posted as the left wing :" that is, he and his forces form the left wing : nominative in apposition. [But Elm. would supply .—P. explains it as cognate accusative, like , and qu.] Eur. Siippl. 6^1, % . — Observe that Xatos( = laevus) is not found in Attic prose, and is never used in any but the literal sense of "left :" cf, 728. But we have had , above, metaphorically : and we find it so in prose authors also. 673. See N.—Tr. "And lo, the victims have been brought for- ward." [ = . 7•^ = medium adducere]. Cf. Xen. dg Republ. Laced. XIII. 8, , -'. Pfl. 674• = , = (strictly) ^*from afar," as in Soph. Aniig. i2o6, \ tis: but here= "how far off." — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 99 675. with the infinitive gives the distance as a general term : with the indicative, it would refer only to this particular case. Pfl. qu. Hil. 1283, 6 is . Compare also // — 677. €• {) "to make like to," (2) "to compare with," (3) as here, ^^ to conjecture." 678. Cf. Soph. Oed. Col. 13O6, where abv /i^pos, = '*quod ad te attinet", . "68. $.is mostly used with the negative, as in Bacch. 637, 68i. €'/€, of. note on 421, = " ut videmur," or, "ut nos decet." ws eoiKas is often used in the same sense. Elm. , in the sense of prodesse, to benefit^ does not often take, as here, the dative; but .the accusative, like juvare, as in Aesch. Prom. 507, ] 682. For cf. note on 416. implies that the idea of so old a man being able to help his friends, is foolish. — Elm. qu. Jlerc. F. 585, Tpb% , , 0i\ots ehai . So the genitive in Latin, Est viri boni. See L. and Sc. Trpbs, A. iv. vpbs }= "proceeding from, or connected with, your character," and so, " like you." Cf. Soph. Ajcix 581, irpbs irpbs . Cf. Madv. GL• Synt. b. § 77. 3. — 683. Supply, wpbs . For , see note on 8. —Notice that this is an affirmative sentence. Pfl. notes at length that ye is only used in affirm, sentences. 684. Cf. Aesch. TAed. 396—8, avbpbs dv ^ iyo. P. 685. From : cf. 271. 686. here is adverb of time =" previously, first." Cf. in Index.—The character of the dialogue between these two, the "chaff" of the one, and the tottering effbrts of the other to arm himself, have an element of comedy, vhich is not found in the earlier dramatists. P. therefore thinks that the Heracleidoi was pro- bably the fourth play in a tetralogy, played latest in the day, in the place of the usual Satyric drama (such as is the Cyclops) ; and so partly designed to create laughter. —At any rate, since in this play Euripides 7—2 — loo HERACLEIDAE. had departed from custom by writing with a view to an existing political crisis, he was probably the less careful to maintain con- tinuously that orthodox tragic tone, to which he was at no time so faithful as were his predecessors. [See the ludicrous features of the Bacchae.'\ His mind is throughout turned rather to political allusion than to dramatic precedent. 687. Cf. Rhes. 335, % yevoiT av \€$ 6$ . P. 688. For , "good master," cf. Soph. Oed. Tyr. 1145. I^^ these two places the phrase is put into the mouth of a . It usually denotes, in the few passages in Tragedy in which it occurs, familiar and friendly remonstrance. It is common enough in the conversations in Plato and Aristophanes. For tragic Iambics it should be avoided as too colloquial. 6S9. Tr. " Yet at any rate I am prepared to fight (future) with as many in number (ace. of respect) as before."—Cf. laft^ 1235, ' '^ ye. [Elm. See also Pil. for this phrase.] Cf. Thuc, i. 143, ovK -, and Soph. Atitig. 84. 690. Tr. "Slight is the weight which you thus throw into the scale for your friends."—Cf. Aesch. Pers. 437, ws 6is - , -^. Pfl. —But notice Eur. £1. 1274, - $= " enclosure." is not here necessarily contemptuous, but means, the vfeight canshiin^ ofycu. 691. is probably to be taken with .', but L. and Sc, art. , take ipvK€ opav together, as " Hinder vae/rom doing." 693. Tr. "On the imderslanding that I shall not stay behind, you may talk on, what you will." vapa = Trap€ EXPLANATORY NOTES. tot 01.], \. Jlfid. 814, Xiyeiv ' iari, 6gs, 6. iu €= ** in this temple of Zei)s 'A7opaioj," as we gather from ^eoj, 697. It is just possible that may = " belonging to the chorus." refers awkwardly to . For the custom of hanging arms to the walls of temples, cf. Androtn. 1123, ^ and Hor. Odes I. 13 16 ; and III. 26. ^, 5. — 3, 4, Nunc arma defunctumque bello barbiton hie paries habebit. is here used of j-«zVj of armour. Cf. 699, 720; i.e., it includes the 6. Cf.7^7. 697. generally has two accusatives, as in Hel. 963, ce. 699• is here used strictly as an adjective : cf. 800. 700, 1, , cf. Hippol. 'jSj, = ** a keeping the house." ylyve- = " tends to be." . The dative states the efficient cause of the action: " remained ///ri^w^A cowardice. " Madvig, 6^/^-. vS)/«/. § 41. Cf. ayvoig. .—The here goes into the temple to fetch the armour. Alcmena had either remained on the stage silent since her remark in 665 ; or had then withdrawn into the temple. In the latter case, the arrival of the in quest of armour causes her to reappear and remonstrate with lolaus in 709. 702, 3. is not found elsewhere in Eurip. B.— ri§q. = "\s in its prime." 704. is the relative to a neuter cognate accusative, which is imphed with . 706. ', **to fight one's opinion, and so, to change it," only occurs in one other place in the Attic poets, Ar. Aves, 555, kuv ^ ^ ' ]' (^. Three times in Hdt., e.g., VII. 130, '•/ &, euaiperoy. The old explanation was, "to know one's own weakness." See Elm. \="3. man so old as you :" . is not here used in its common sense of . 707. For see note on 464. —Tr. *' To let alone impossibili- ties. There is no way in which you shall get your youth back again." 709. See note on 700, i. —For €6 used, as ^ is here, of the ,mind, cf. Soph. Ajax, 640, € opyah ^$ ' iKTos 711. For , prowess, valour, strength in war, cf. 761.—For the construction used with ^ cf. Soph. Philoct. 1036, Qtoiaiv el — — I02 HERACLEIDAE. ' /nAft, Aesch. Prom. 938, >$ . But the object of care is sometimes put in the nom., as in Eur. Suppl. 939, ir'ovos : cf. Aesch. Prom. 3, 6\%. Cf. 96, 354. 73> 717» of the present play. 712. See N.—Ti U, so, in colloquial English, " But, come," " But, I say." 713. With TTOiSos supply . , i.e., to the sons of Heracles who survive. ., Impersonal: for the construction cf. 717, ... . 74• See note on 511• So great was the reluctance of the Greeks to mention by name anything unlucky, that, even after the deprecating parenthesis yavoiro, he uses a colourless expression, ], instead of Death. —Cf. Ip/i. Aul. 88 and 89, . €$, / , Cicero £p. ad Div. XI v. 5, adversis ventis tisi. Elm. Med. 347. Pfl. 717, 8. See note on 711. is used passively, like ,, and audire. 719. For oaios, cf. Plat. Enthyphro 12 D, Trpos BiCiv . In Cyclops 125 occurs irepl ^ivovs, but the idea is one of religion. 721. ^, "you have no time to lose," " oportet te quam primum," is equivalent to a strong command. It takes the present participle always, not the aorist. Cf. Ale. 662, ? ' (pedvois. Ti'oad. 456, '^ $ 'urriois Iphig. oi^f' °-v evirperij —See . . 245» ^ . notes on 4151 5•—Here the second dv belongs to the participle, = ei P.) virtually makes a conditional sentence : "you ( . and so could not be too quick in hiding, supposing you did hide." For dv ., as a summons, cf. Madvig, Gk. Synt. § 177 b. R. 6. And for *v with the participles cf. Goodwin, Gk. Moods and Ttmes, § 42, 3. N. I. 722, -, stronger than , denotes the expression, besides the.feeling, of hatred. Cf. Eur. El. 1016, ^,^ 725. For , see note on 568. —7ri;ifafo/xat= "enwrap, and so :" " ;" protect cf. /es. 90, . $.—= meanwhile cf. Ar. Pax 687, 729. — 727. /^€ =" carry them:" cf. Soph. A niig: 444, . . , the tree is used for that which is made from it. Cf. X&wos 893. — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 1C3 lie means, h'opv. — Eur. has in mind Homer's b^voivri.. Theo- phrastus often mentions the b^ii]. Elm. —Probably a beech. 728. See note on 671.—The left ^?, or fore-arm, bore the shield; the right hand, the spear. But at present (it seems from 725) lolaus was not armed. 730. Tr. *' Nay, but one must go cautiously, for the omen." It was unlucky to stumble at starting. For an instance of an o/jvis, cf. Iph. AuL 988.— Tibullus I. 4• 19: quoties ingressus iter mihi tristia dixi Offen- sum in porta signa dedisse pedem. B. 731. er^e, to express an ordinary wish, takes the optative, cf. 740, ef^€ yivoio : but, to express a wish / cannot be realised , takes the historical tenses of the indicative. Cf. the use of e:^' in Medea i. See L. and Sc. et^e, A. vil. 2. b. See also Goodwin {Moods and Tenses, § 64, esp. note i, p. 136) ; who points out the difference between the force of el and (had it been used by assimilation). Here we have not a conditional relative clause—no supposition, but a fact ; and so the Indie, is used. ;" 732. = " left by the battle that is, too late for the battle. So in Aesch. Prom. 857, ireXeiuv , and Xen. Cyr. VI. 3. 29, . 733. is, by hyperbaton, to be taken with , \vhich is here intransitive. With supply *;'. 735. , 736. with subj., like , denotes an uncertain occurrence in future time. • = 6€•. cf. 74. 739. is accusative of respect ; cf. Ion, 572, &' iroOos, Vergil, Aen. XI. 14, timor omnis abesto, quod superest. Pfl. 740—44. A passage of difficult construction, capable of being ex- plained in more ways than one. (i) The words olo% on are, by contact with toiovtos, attracted into their present shape, from the form , which had been originally intended. [But this is a unique case of such attraction.] —Translate, '* So that I should put Eurystheus to rout." Totoi/ros has thus, apparently, two relatives, but really, only the first. So Elm.— (2) After the word %, he turns, in his excitement, from addressing his , to addressing himself, and thus, as is common in excitement, breaks off the construction. Translate, " Would that thou would'st prove for me an ally of such a kind as I remember thee to have been in thy prime : how would I put Eurystheus to rout." So Pfl. and P.—See L. and Sc. , V. ^. olov. — ; I04 HERACLEIDAE. III. 2. —(3) Instead of o?os, oTos, "solus," is given by some editors in line 743. So Barnes and Matth. See N. If oios is the correct read- ing, the alteration of oZosto ofos can be explained as the error of a copyist, who, finding otoj in 743 in juxtaposition with , and forgetting the preceding oIos in 740, assumed that oTos in 743 must be really the 0X0% corresponding to %, and altered accordingly. Reading oIos, we have in substance a conditional sentence, with the protasis expressed in the form of a wish (et^e 7ei'oto = ei 7^voto) followed by an apodosis " of the usual form, olos o.v , then alone would I put to rout." For what is possibly a similar confusion of olos and olos cf. Aesch. ^g- 131• 741. For with a participle, cf. Jlec. 244, ^^ es iXdovTes. Often it takes the infinitive. —Notice (or ).— liropdeLS. This was not one of the regular labours of Heracles, but is chosen for mention, as bearing on the Pelop. war. See Barnes in Elm. and P. 745. Tr. "This also, which is not good." He does not neces- sarily mean that there are other bad accompaniments of 6\os. He implies that Eurystheus is a coward ; as he had before abused him as ^/catos: cf. note ,on 458.-—For T6b€...50Kr\ais,. cf..Hippol. 426, 747» 8. lolaus exit finally. The metre of the chorus is glyconic see Pfl. iravvvxios, though here probably only an epithet of the moon as shining by night, is of course strictly applicable solely to the full moon. Cf.\€Pindar Olymp.. iii. 20 (36), % o\ov paos iairipas 749. Homer's r]e\ioio was in the mind of Euripides. . occurs nowhere else in Trag. —This chorus further contains the Homeric words o\aveos, $, '€€5.—For this appeal to nature (and to the sun, as seeing all things, and travelling with the tidings), Pfl. qu. Afed. 752, and 1251, aar]s aKTis ';, and the yi] of the orators. [The calling to witness heaven and earth has always been common enough : but the fancy which permeates modern poetry that the moods of nature sympathise with those of man, a projection of the sympathies of humanity on to the inanimate, is purely modern. The Greeks, it is true, peopled their Olympus with ideal- ised human qualities ; but they were too little self-conscious, and too much self-contained, to cherish an idea that nature, while controlling the destinies, reflected also the emotions, of man.] — — EXPLANA TOR NOTES. 1 05 752. Tr. "Shout in heaven," or, " Proclaim it in heaven." [Pll. takes ,. as neuter. See his note. B. takes = € .] 753• . conveys the idea of motion.—Observe the d in before , a mute and a liquid; which is unusual, even in lyrics. So in Soph. Ajax, 1220, VTTO , Trachin. lori, . re iravra. . Elm. OXiepiaf, Eur. Suppl. wd, ..%, Atitig. 1104. P. The two last occur in Iambic lines. , that is, of Zeus : here is an adjective, but is a noun in £1. 1 149 : of. Androm. 3, . 754. See .—Supply mots or /xoty. Cf. //iad vi. 378, 9 : ) is \6... is vas . 755, 6. , that is, I and my fellow-citizens. —Observe that vepl governs both 7as and . So, probably, trpos in 226. 757. $ is the passive form used in 7niddle sense, instead of €$. Since there is a middle form, this preference of the passive is very curious. See Elm. Matthiae {Gk. Gram. § 496. 6), in classifying the various interchanges of the Moods of the Gk. verb, qu. the use of = by Hdt. i. 27. 758. does not elsewhere occur. Tr. (i) "To enter upon, to incur." The phrases ^ovas, Hel. 1235, and , Eur. Suppl. 375, may have been in his mind: in Pind. 01. 13, 57 is os, "to incur danger in battle." (2) " To cut my way through," in a literal sense, as in Odyss. ill. 175, 7rAa7os. 759. s'^^vas is by attraction from ds "^ (. Cf. Madv. Gi: Synu. § 20. R. 3. 761. TToXuatVeros, which is not elsewhere found inTrag., is Homeric for .—For cf. note on 711. " " 762. /ceii^eti' here and in 879 = to cherish ; but in 77S (if KeiJ^ei is read for XT7^et) = "hide;" which is the literal meaning. See note on , 725. 765. See N. 767. Tr. " Is grateful to me." [" Owes me a favour." P.] See note on 334. 769. See N. 770, I. oas yas, the surface or face of the land.—For chv ohv, cf. Bacch. 963, bvos ^' \)^epavs, vos. Pfl. —With iroXts supply . 773,4. /)€/' 9 = '* abige alio." .—See . 775, 6. Tr. "On the ground of the merit which is mine, I do not deserve to be expelled." For the dative see note on 474, and cf. 660, — : — " 10 IIERACLEIDAE. infinitive, 789.— For ( with see 142, and L. and Sc. C. : it is frose phrase: but occurs in Ar. a. Nubts 1434, € ^. — 777 9• See . . Many of these compound adjectives are used \vith substantives, for a genitive, to express the nature of the substantive and that in which it consists. Cf. Eurip. £/. 126 . ' = : and so . = Notice €£. — X?7^6t="does not forget thee,^^ Elm., or, possibly, "does not forget thine honour." .^ -aoos, a feminine adjective, = " waning."—The meaning of - ..% , no one knows. The beginner is aware that the moon and the month corresponded, and that was used to denote the last days, the waning, of either. There seem to be three equally possible ways of explaining this difficult passage (i) That $ does not mean any day in particular, but, generally; the waning month. Translate, with Pfl., ''Nor with the waning months cometh forgetfulness of thine honour. (2) That by . . is intended the lasf day of the month. But though the first day, or Avas a holiday, the last day {^ re , see Ar. Ahibes 1131 —4, 1191) was not so, except when it corre- sponded with the first of the new moon, as happened six times a year. \N.B. It was only the full months of 30 days (jK-qpu^ ^") which really had a lvr\ via ; so that the last day of the old month only coincided with the first of the new six times a year : i.e., not in the koCkol , those of 29 days.] [(3) That $. has 710 reference to , but alludes, in some unexplained way, to the festival, which 'as held on the third day of the month in honour of Pallas. This appears to have been the opinion of Hesychius, quoted in Pfl.] Probably the whole passage has reference to the Panathenaic festival.— See discussion in Pfl. 780. With this line supply : since the words .,. are probably parenthetical, that is, epexegetical of . So Pfl. 781. The Acropolis. So in Ion, 12, ? ' , and Here. F. 1178, t6v ( 6 . Also in Ovid. Metatii. II. 712, festas in Palladis arces. 782,3. \\^] and is the {\) joyous cry of (2) women. For (l) cf Med. 1176, ' rJKev / . For {2) cf. Soph. Track. 205, \\% %,.. Kotvbs , Xen. Anab. . 3• 1 9' \\ *. — — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 107 But, in Soph. El. 750, the crparbs rhv veaviav in pity. Elm. is an adjective in agreement with ^. Cf. Hippol. \o66, ^, PJwen. 838, . Cf. " Advena exercitus," Verg. viro, to the music or tune of. Cf. virb -- yos , Pindar, 01. IV. 4.— /c/jOtos is used in Jvan. 157 of the /latid. 784. This is the servant of Alcmena (see 788, 890) ; the former was the servant of Hyllus. [P. disagrees.] , here, in good sense = "tale, story," cf. 812, 952. 785. With supply , from , by a sort of zeugma. Cf. Soph. Oeci. Tyr. 1234. 786. For , cf. 397. The usual phrase is . 788. . This phrase does not elsewhere occur. But it is not an impossible expression, and has the meaning of dirjyayev. 790. is used with reference to the previous line, and probably is emphatic, as it is in Med. 432, yap ys, $ , and in Eurip. And. ° ''^^ ° ^°^ f^°'• yvvai. —Tr. either, "free me 237> f^V , from one ill, (fear,) for I fear ;" or " free me from (the apprehension of) one mischance." 791. With \( supply .— )=^ '. Cf. Aesch. Prom. 997> ^^ ^^^ ^^ '^°'• '''^^^' dyf^a . See Goodwin, Moods and Tenses, p. 86 (§ 46, note 6. c). Cf. 248, and 645. 793. For lolaus' restoration to youth, see OWd, Metam. ix. 397 sq. B. 794. With (adverb) supply !• So L. and Sc. , IV.; who quote Soph. Oed. Tyr. 1006, , as a proof that in this phrase is transitive. But it may just as well be intrans., and adverbial. See next note. 795• -^ is a strong word used by way of contrast to the weak and neuter of the preceding line. See note on 653. 798. ? ayOiva. The same phrase occurs in Soph. Track. 20. 800. is used after a single complete act. So 819. —For cf. 699. Notice dWriXois with verb in Jirst person : he had intended to say , as an impartial observer; but, remembering that he had been a sharer in the fight, he alters the person of the verb, but cannot go back to say $ for \\\$. 8oi. = " ivLce to face, ad versa fronte," cf. /^Aes. 409, III. ol anb 6- ^ . In Xen. Auab. 4. 42, /AOTos = " those from the front line." — io8 HERACLEIDAE. 802, See 168. So in Eur. El. 94, . The instrument of motion is added in the accusative. Jelf [Gk. Gram. §558. 2] qu. many cases where verbs of stepping take an ace. of the step or its equivalent. Cf. Ale. 1 153, fKdoLS . The ace. would seem to be cog- nate in character ; or, does it limit the action and extent of the neuter verb ? Cf. //>. Taur. 805. See For iaeiv in this sense of ".to let alone," cf. note on .— 104I, a.nd Iliad XXIV. 71, (let us let alone our plan of stealing the body of H.).—'The sense of this line is imperative. Other examples of past tense for present, used in speeches, are qu. in Elm. 807. €=^' in depriving her of only a single man^'' (i.e. in the way which I am about to suggest). Cf. A7tdrom. 909, y' \€, ^ ^X^f-v ?.— is used as a hortative, like at in Latin. The construction is altered : instead of balancing the preceding line with " , , ipyaaei ," he breaks into the imperative but keeps the ; . 808. 0701;= " abduc tecum;" which is the force of the middle, as in 256, €\.— Cf. Iliad III. 92, re ^ ^. Pfl. 810, I. a0es= " permitte."—After iwyveae, which is used abso- lutely, he qu. the praise. 813, 6. Tr. " He, captain though he was, yet neither for shame of those that heard the words, nor shame of his own cowardice, got heart to draw near to the sword of valour, but remained poltroon." For $, cf. 6, 43, lor, 200, 460.—Possibly arpaT-rjybs is not coneessive {^ ), but is to be taken only with line 814= "nor, inasmuch as he was captain." aOrbs = ,,. [Elm., who spells and qu.] Aesch. Ag. 836, Toh 05 = ttjv ( ), and Soph. Oed. Col. 929, ^ = — is indignant. { ). 817. is active for middle : for the middle voice of this word means " sibi in servitutem redigere." Elm. Pfl.—The future middle would be a cumbrous form for use ; and in this passage the centre of thought is the indignity done to those enslaved, and not the gain secured by their subduer. 820. With €$ supply , not etvai. 821. €\. See note on 178 for explanation of this construc- tion.—a0ieaai' = "emiserunt." No doubt sacrifices were offered on l>ot/i sides. — — EXPLANA TOR NOTES. 1 09 S22. See N. —Amongst these victims (unless Euripides has for- gotten) was Macaria. But the interest of the audience (intensified, no doubt, by the existing Peloponnesian war) was now centred in the ilownfall of the Argive enemy ; and it would have been impossible to enlarge on the death of M. without distracting attention from that down- fall. The mere mention of her name must have been followed by lamentations and enquiries of Alcmena ; since, as far as we gather from the play, A. had not yet been told of the heroic offer of M.—In the Hecuba, as Elm. notes, the death of Polyxena is narrated to her mother in sixty-five lines: —but of that play the death of the heroine is the main feature : in the Hcraclcidae, the political parallel is paramount. —For cf. Hel. 1587, ovpiat. 823. oi ': notice the Homeric use of the article as a demonstrative, here, and in 828. Either the first oi refers to the generals, and for oi oi = the second to the troops : or, 6i ., standing , " and the troops were some in act to mount, while others, etc."—Take iV irXevpais together =" under shelter of, sub clypeorum lateribus." 825. 776, here and in 90S, is used the neuter accu- in- sative only : but in Xenophon usually with iroulv, or some other finitive. 826,7. ^.,.^. The repetition of the article shews «M 110 HERA CLEIDAE. " 832. .%= do you think,'' cf. 333, 353, 931.—^^ is strictly used of the roar of a wave, etc., but in Bacch. 161, of a lute. 834, 5. \% is strictly used of the sound oi oars in time, but here, of the simultaneous stroke of the spearmen. See Pfl. Cf. Aescli. Theb. 856, . With etra supply ol 'Ap7etot. 836, 7. ^7raXXax^eis=**consertus." Cf. Xen. Mem. iii. 8. r, \6yos ^. Cf. Verg. A en. x. 361, haeret pede pes, den- susque viro \'ir. €= "held sternly on." 838. ^7^ = "there arose," "there were to be heard." Cf. I/ec. 929 ' , and Pfl. 839• With ras ^., supply : a zeugma. Cf. Index. yinjs is masculine; cf. Aesch. Prom. 369, \evpovi . 840, Cf. Afed. 1276, %=^^ arcere.'' 844. Take operas ^ together. 845. , causal, with double accusative. Cf. Cyc/. 467. Tr. *' to put him into a chariot." lolaus seems to have been alone; not in the chariot of Hyilus. Nothing is said about a charioteer. 847. 67€€ = " he pressed hard on, pursued." ["instabat " Elm., but "direxit" Pfl.] InBacch. ii3r,it is quite intransitive: i-)(\o%Te iras .—Observe that is without .—Take with , to he2iT/rom: cf. 853. 849. Going out over the hill of Athena in the demos called Pallene, or Pallenon, between Athens and Marathon. Cf. 103 1, and Hdt. i. 62, OS Ik ^5, ' . [But . thinks Pallene was towards Megara.] At any rate, distinguish this place from the peninsula and town in Chalcidice. 852, 3. . ., literally = "to get the foe to pay back;" and so, to exact from them: cf. 882, and Aesch. A^. 1263. Pfl. qu. Xen. Anab. ill. 2. 6, ol deoi — " . For to hear 0/," cf. 847, For the double ace. cf. Madv, Gk. Synt. § 25. 854, 5. The appearance of $, nebula, mist, was perhaps caused by contrast with the light of the stars. 856. For 7' see N.—P. would explain as qualifying ol , in the sense that " none but the . were of that opinion." Or possibly 7e accentuates the statement, making it a surprise. 857. Hebe appeared in her double capacity: wife of Heracles, and goddess of youth. . = " murky." — — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. iii 858. TUTTOJ, here = ">rw," not "blow." So in Aesch. Thcb. 488, ^/ ^! rinros, and in Euni. 49. ^860. Eur>-stheus was really killed, not only captured, at these rocks. But the poet makes him survive that he may fulminate his oracle against Argos. [See in Elm. the quotations at length from Apollodorus and Pausanias ; and from Strabo, a description of the site. He refers to Wheeler's Travels in Greece, p. 436]. —See further Hippol. 979, 1208. The legend of € or the robber is well known. 861. = "• spolia opima," is usually plural. 864. /, adverb. See S30, note on . 86?, 6. This was the advice of Solon to Croesus. /\-" pronounce happy," like (^, cf. Aesch. Prom. 330. But P. tr., *'to envy."—For dv cf. 180. —For rtj cf. 595 and 827. 867. rpoTroTe = " the giver of victory, the god of battles:" cf. 937, and Soph. Aniig. 143, ^ , and Eur. £. 6ju " ' 868. €\€€==" (ree/rom : cf. Hec. 869, iXeudepov . 870. The genitive, in the sense of gratitude or thanks proceeding from or connected vith. 871, 2. Here and in 897, ^ and ? carry the mind back to the past, and therefore the participles are put in the present, de- scribing the condition then still existing. —With supply . 6. 874. For the single instead of , or instead of , , cf. Med. 99, Kivet Kivet , Aesch. Fers. 403, eXeu^epoure ' eXevdepovTe . Elm. $ is a colloquial phrase, appropriate only to Comedy. It is intended here for both pro- phecy and imprecation. [See CycL 474, and other examples from fragments of Satyric plays in Pfl.] 876. . is usually with eis : cf. Demosth. 894, 4, where . ets is used of creditors. \•^, "Your lots in the land," is supposed by some to allude to the partition of Peloponnesus among the Heracleidae. 879. For , cf. note on 762. 881, 2. For ', cf. 201, 370. —For . {) cf. note on 852. —For the sentiment, cf. Androm. 437, 8. P. 883. Tr. " Regarding first your pleasure." 884. See N. 885. 6. Cf. Aesch. Prom. 108, ^^ ' ^/, Soph. Philoct. 1025, '; firyeis. —— —— 112 HERACLEIDAE. 892. For the metres, which are glyconic, but complicated ; and which begin with a catalcctic iambic senarius, see Pfl. ^ is to be taken with in 895. —With ]% supply ei??, making the apodosis complete. Xiyeta, of the nightingale, . , in Oed. Col. 671, and in Pers. 332, oi , is usually of j^ai/ sounds. 893. elvl = €v. is more common in this sense, as in Jl/ed. 193, iiri eiXawipais irapa deiwi/ois. —Xorros, not found in Aesch., Soph, or Pind., is strictly an African iree. Cf. Iphig. Aul. 1036, \(70\} \3. Compare with this use, in 727. 894. € "gracious," an epithet of Aphrodite, occurs twice only in Eurip. Cf. Jl/cd. 631. 897. See note on 871. Tr. either, as in 871, "Who before were not thought to be so," or " Who were before held of no account," [Elm., Pfl., B.] for which rendering cf. Troad. 609, Beol . , and Hec 294, . 899» 9°• and are here personified. "Destiny "and " Time " (regarded as applying to the duration of a man's life) are probably the nearest equivalents. [Elm. thinks is here an epithet of Zeus, and qu. Eur. El. 1248, d Zeus ^.—Pfl. from Buttmann refers to an old notion that xpovos and were the same word.—Consult B.'s note.] 901. here emphasises :— is here of two termina- tions. 902, 3. Tr. "Thou hast thy path (never Avere it right to take this from thee), thy path of justice, even to honour the gods." should be taken, as above, twice over, for € = Beovs. Take as middle = delere, tollere. [But Hermann takes = . See P.'s note.]—For this characteristic of Athens, cf. Acl. Apost. XVII. 2 cJs •$ €. 2,^1/5/365 903 5• Tr. "And he that saith thou dost not, treadeth hard on madness, when proofs such as these are published."—For = is here used ( "he that denies thou dost," cf. ^ nego. because an indefinite class of persons is referred to. Cf. Madvig G^. " Synt. § 207. — Cf. Bacch. 853, ?| k\avvwv . See the use of ( in 1007. —Cf. also Plato Gorg. 486 A, tovs ' - iXavvovras. Pfl. The idea is of driving a chariot.—For (Xeyxos, disproof, proof to the contrar}', cf. 404. — — —— — — — EXPLANATORY NOTES, 9o6—909. For Tapa77AXet cf. note on 825. % is here mono- syllabic (} = " taking away some of...from ^'''^ gov. by rap. Cf. * Iphig. A. 1609, ' . But in Soph. Atiiig. 368, /)(2•'= "violating." irapaupQv here takes the privative genitive after irapa and the verb of removal or deprivation ; and a partitive genitive denoting the source from which ab- , again the Magnificat : Luc. Evang. I. straction was made.—Compare .., 51 —53, €€ , " " 9 1 . ?<'= he really is."—With supply thither." But in Aesch. Pers. 1002, . is an euphemism for : see notes on 382, 511, 714, and 946. 911. Tcos is only used in Lyrics. 912,3. SeeX. —0e^>y = "rejicio."—''At, genitive. Cf.OJ.XXUl. 252, €. " " 914. On mount Oeta. from , to burn : ' fr. ^, * * to cleave." 9151 ^• = ^£, "touches." Cf. Mc-d. 497, ,Atos and Theocr. x. iS. —Note the quantity of .—Hebe, /€7 "B-pn^s Odyss. XI. 603. 8. is here,the god and not the song. = 917, . Hymen, honorasti, "hast glorified:'"' but cf. 947, and Soph. AJjx 11x4, ov yap tovs as. 919. Tr. "Most things resemble many others." [But there are various ways of taking this passage, (i) Most things happen suitably to many people. So L• and So. (2) Most things resemble each other in many things, or, to many people. (3) Many odd things happen. This is P.'s paraphrase. {4) Many people resemble each other in most things : Pfl. Elm. would favour ( i }, and explains roXXots as the Heracleidae. He notes that ? is a very favourite phrase. See N.] 920, I. For this statement, Elm. qu. Pausanias, and Iliad viii. 362. —ir'LKovpov— "Ally." 923. Kdvas is genitive. 924. See N. =" checked, cohibuit," as in Bcuch. ^. m^ 925. irpb seems to mean beyond^ in the sense of '. See exx. in P. 926. . •/' re almost = •' the thoughts of my heart" = hendiadys. B. 8 — — — — 114 HERACLEIDAE. 928. The''A77e\o5 here is possibly the same person as the second € in 784.— He, attended probably by others, brings the captive Eurystheus to Alcmena. An English audience would scarcely stomach this gloating at and taunting a beaten foe. But times have altered. Zenobia was, and Cleopatra escaped being, the chief gazing-stock at a Roman triumph. Much more then would they "bind their kmgs in chains." —But see note on 966. is Passive. 930. Supply opav, to correspond with ^^ and tr. "and in no degree less unexpected for him to meet with." " 931. rjvx€L= "thought : cf. note on 333. Cf. rbv ^, Aesch. Etimen. 561. 932. Tr. "weighty with his army." The phrase is explained in various ways : (i) with a great mass (mole) of his army, Pfl. ; (2) adapted for toil (Matth.); (3) laboriosissimo, full of toil (Herm.).— Cf. Aesch. Pers. 320, iroKvtrovov .—For aairU used collectively, cf. Phocn. 78, \\ "- ayei. 933• Tr. "With thoughts far loftier than his fate," or, perhaps, "despising chance," in the sense of ttjs $. See note on 258, and Androm. 700, . Elm. " " = to sack : like the Latin future participle, denoting 934. ' certainty of purpose: cf. 992. —With supply . [Since and follows it. But Elm. after Barnes would supply .^both precedes = " " Oed. Col. 935. ^/ Fortune. Cf. Soph. 76, - . 936. 7. = 7. Cf 942• ^^ is here used in its strict a wooden image of a god. Cf. Phoen. 1250. —For sense of , " see note on 867.—(' = were then erecting, statuebant."—^»' was the old reading. In I/iad XU. 56, and Odyssey III. 182, is used actively. But cf. Odyssey viii. 435, '. 939. From, or after, being a fortunate man: cf. note on 613, and Demostli. 270, iXevdepos e/c -. is, a statement, = " 941 — 3. $ is predicative, that makes thou who art." ovi' = "so then." Cf. 936. , advb. 946. This phrase is an euphemism for : see note on 910. See also A/c. 1092, \vhere is spoken of one dead and kno\vn to be dead. 947, 8. For cf. note on 918. ^0i'j3/). = " insult over;'^ p. = " entreat despitefully."— ^rXijs. Alcmena uses this word, remembering in 943. — — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 115 949. /cai, "etiain."— /»» is used as the active of . Here the meaning is clearly "ji-w/down" not "took down." Conversely, is often to iaL• on Ihe way, to escort, instead of to said. 950. In this line there is no or re with . We must there- fore explain as epexegetical of --^^^^. Cf. note on 178. ^'=*' bidding him;" cf. Soph. Philoct. ror, ^7 iyd \ (a line remarkable, like Aesch. Prom. 612, —for absence of caesura), J^. 925, ^7 ' , deou, . " Hydras " and lions only means one of each : a common idiom. 951. ?ireM7rej=*'were ever sending."—The corresponds with kv in 946. 953. For vpKeaev see note on 323. 956. / = " infantes ; " infants in our legal but not necessarily in our literal sense. — 958, 9. 01 refers to dvSpes, or to the inhabitants of the . Cf. J/ed. 453, Kepdos -) ^%. g6o. €€pyahov is here in active sense. But in Soph. Jj. 377, and Bacch. 1039, it is probably passive. 963. For ei/)7et see note on 662. 966. Cf. Hcc. 399, , ye ireierj. Pfl. —For ^^^' , the prose word is ^uypuv.—This adjectival sentence expresses the circum- stances in which the statement [ €) of the principal clause will take effect, may be resolved into idv .—Credit is here justly taken by an Athenian for this refusal to butcher in cold blood : but he would seem to insinuate that an equal reluctance did not extend to the rest of Greece. Eurystheus, however, in loio, speaks of it as a common idea of Hellas : for an illustration of which, cf. Thuc. ill. 58, , ..., qu. by Pfl. 967. Tr. "And that decision did Hyllus brook?" Literally, " that these things had been decided on."— Notice the double augment. 968. For ol^ai see note on 511. , here = "disobey."' So in Soph. Aiiiig. 219. " 970. There are two ways of taking this line. I. Literal : Then was he wronged " (i.e. deprived of his just right, because he was not at wrong him now once granted a soldier's death ; you must not therefore again). II. Ironical: "It was then that he did not get his deserts" (he ought to have been at once made an end of). The former is prefer- able, as the a77e\os is pleading hard for Eurystheus. [Hermann pro- 6 — — 1 1 HERA CLEIDAE. posed to transpose this and the next following line; see P. But Pfl. objects.]—For TOT6="at that former time," cf. Aen. x. 532, turn. Pfl. 971, , = **is it not then,*' should have a note of interrogation at the end of this line. Tr. **Is it not then still right that he should pay a penalty?" Cf. note on 1005.—For phrases like kv see Pfl. 972. Cf. 344. ay with optative here, as often, is equivalent to a mild, or polite, future ; being the apodosis to a conditional sentence of M-hich the protasis, "if you were not to object,'* or some such clause, has to be supplied. So in English " I should like a walk.'* Cf. Aesch. Prom. 291, ovK ^ ' ^. . 974• ^"" ^'-'" here="to get blamed;" but in Aesch. From. 445, ^ ovTLv ^^ means, having no ground of complaint against men (indirect object). 978, 9. ^pcuretav = " overbold, audacious." - no doubt intro- duces a quotation of the epithet. Cf. 1015. P. well compares Prom. ^' " 834, $ (cf. also P.Vi 79, € " ") yap iv /: my cruelty, as you call it and Hippol. 640, \ y $$ € irXe'iov ywa?Ka . gSi. Cf. 435.—Tr,, supplpng dvcd with vyyv6v, *'that you have a very terrible, and a pardonable hatred for this man, I am well aware :" or, perhaps, supplying , " 'Tis a terrible thing, and yet a pardonable, for you to hate this man : that know I well."—For see L. and Sc. rts, A. 8 ; and for tis intensifying cf. 116. 984, 5. is stronger than tl. — 7r^/>i = *'for my life." Taking Ti^awith , tr. "from which conduct one would necessarily incur some taint of cowardice." 986. ey 5^=*'but I may say I took upon myself."—For cf. in index. 9S8. It will be seen that they were very decidedly cousins : for Perseus Sthenelus Electryon I I Eurystheus Alcmena. Also, the mother of Alcmena was a daughter of Pelops. Cf. 21 r, and note. And the mother of Eurystheus was also a daughter of Pelops. See Thuc. i. 9, where Atreus, a son of Pelops, is called $ of Eurystheus. For \€, see note on 8. — EXPLANATORY NOTES. 17 990. For , cogn. accusative, cf. Plat. Rep. 408, E, same phrase. —For , "made me to labour," cf. Aesch. Ag. 178, € 5 ^, and Meci. 'ji'j, 7»'« € " " (but Sc. render it 993» 4• o"• '"'Vf^• = inventor of pains L. and "learned in misery"). —For .,=" taking counsel vi'ith night," see Pfl., and cf. Find. Fyik. IV. 204, KOivaaavres , "having imparted their journey to (none but) night." " 995, 6. See N. —For ';:77' = wedded to," cf. L. and Sc, and Aesch. Ag; 1434, . = 997- Take as one word : here used of a single man, **no cipher." Cf. Troad. 476, . ?, ' xnrepraTovs pyv, and see the context of $ in Ar. Niibes, 1203. Also, Horace, Epist. L 2, 27, Nos numerus sumus, et fruges consumere nati. 998, 9. KoX yap = el yap . Cf. Iliad XVI. ayopevaeii see L. and Sc. 4• 627, , , ; , . . . Cf- notes on 317» 34^• Here supply .—Take with in 997. " 1002. ?rarp£i3ai' =" inherited from their father. —Tr. "to leave no stone unturned."' P. thinks the Greek is a metaphor derived from turning stones to look for crabs or scorpions. Cf. Hdt. v. 96, . irav , and Plat. legg. 843, A- 1003. €=^' trying to kill:" cf, 7 g^ a.nd F/ioe . i6oo, atreipas . [See many references in Elm.] 1005. , " would you not then have been persecuting? " should have a note of interrogation at the end of the clause, , with full stop, must be taken ironically. Cf. note on 971.—For the double ', see notes on 415, 721, esp. the former. 1007, 8. Observe the change of tense. With et'acras supply ov. — For in the sense of to persecute, cf. Soph. Aj. 275, / vas %, Oed. . 28, Aiidrom. 31. But see 904.—For = " discreetly, or, quietly," cf. 1012.—The same sentiment occurs in Androm. 520—524. " loio, r. See 965, 6. —The dative % depends on the notion on the ground of," or, "with reference to." ayvos = .—For see . I0I2, 3, "Athens in letting me go (from death) shewed discre- tion : " cL• 1007.— ^eoy = " the deity who bids us be discreet, or, bids 8 — 1 1 HERA CLEIDAE, us not butcher in cold blood." Probably no deity by name is intended : certainly not $, which is feminine. is from , to honour : which is not elsewhere used in Euripides : in Aesch., but in —rtji Homer. Cf. T/icd. , voXis yap ev $ . $ ^X^/)as = "the hatred of which I am the object^—Cf. 191, 469, and Livy XXXV. 18, meis criminibus. Pfl. 1014, 5. See N.—There are three ways of translating, or rather of paraphrasing, this passage. I. " Henceforvad should you speak of me as visiting you (after my death) Avith vengeance, and (in my life) noble (in not asking for life)." For this meaning of ., see Antipho, 119, 6, and Choeph. 287. This version, with P., 1 believe to be the best.—II. yewaiov re—'^vel improbum ^ egre- gium :" tr. " Call me the criminal or the noble, which you will." So Pfl. and B. —III. /. = " supplicem, " yevvaiov (used ironically) = "///«/- lium." So Elm., who thinks that ., -which strictly means a suppliant for purification, here means a suppliant for life, and quotes to this version is that Eurys- Aj. 1 1 73, Philoct. 930. The objection theus' tone is the reverse of supplex and timidus. —For rov wp. cf. note on 978. 1024. Tr., with L. and Sc, "For, as to the body, I \11 not hesi- ** tate to commit it to the (Athenian)— soil." [But P. would render I will not disobey the state,^''\ . is an accusative of respect, as in 492, 495 : but some would govern it by supplying .—This is a curious and feeble pretence of obeying the wish of Athens : but the plot, such as it is, requires that Eur)-stheus should be killed, and buried in Athe- nian soil, and yet be friendly to Athens : so that he may, as he now proceeds to do, prophesy against the future enemies of Athens, the descendants of the Heracleidae. And thus Eurystheus, as regards hostility to Athens, changes sides at his death. 1026. KT^iv^y present tense, slay on ; continue, complete, the slay- ing. 1027. For KOTTjSeV^T/ = " was ashamed to," cf. loii 179, KTv.ve.iv ' % , speaking of birds that frequent the temple. But never loses the idea of respect: cf. Hippo!. 772, At. Niibes 1468, ^- . Cf. note on 6,,and index. 1028. is here used as Donare aliquem aliquo: but sometimes as Donare aliquid alicui. 1029. AVith supply , and tr. "to a greater extent than mere seeming " — — — EXPLANA TOR NOTES. 119 1030. 0* ro . In these words he alludes to the , with the purport of which he thus presents the Athenians. 1031. For the burial of Eurystheus, Elm. qu. Strabo at length. " = ** in front of (the temple of Athena of Pallene): cf. note on 849. 1033. ffolf that is, to the chorus. —For , cf. 402. is used of the dead, buried 1033. ^$ : look out this word. —It out of their own land, in Aesch. Fers. 319, and Choeph. 684. P. 1035. For cf. 337. —Here Eurystheus is made to threaten Argos, and the Peloponnesians generally. 1036. Tr. "Having proved thankless for this favour " (which you have now shewn them): so L. and Sc. Cf. Soph. Aj. 1267, — = '* so base as this." 5to/5p€t KoX '€. 1037. 8. For -, cf. note on 306. ? = *' ask, why, if I foreknew this, did I come hither, and did not &c." ' is for ), and thus ' } = .—For in the sense of ivrpeireadat, to reverence and obey, cf. Aesch. Siippl. 478, •6% , and Ag. 937. Elm. 1040. KovK av irp.=Ka.i /a' : taking as one word with the verb. 1040—2. For xoas see L. and Sc. ; and with ?, supply ^, or ^, since the phrase xoas is not used. This is an instance of Zeugma. Cf. index. — Cf. , Ar. Ach. 345, and for the elliptical ace. cf. Madvig Gk. Synt. § 32.— ets = "on to, so as to fall on." So Xenophon speaks of <^ eis .—Tr. "But pour me no libations, nor suffer blood to drop on to my tomb : for in return for this present treatment (i.e. of myself by Alcmena and the Heracleidae, regarding as neuter), e\i\ will be the journey home that I shall give them (that is, give their posterity invading Athens)."—B. qu. Ennius from Cicero Tusc. Quaest. I. 15, Nemo me lacrumis decoret, neque funera fletu Faxit ; and, for /, refers to the slaughter of Polyxena at the tomb of Achilles. The version of this passage given above is that supported by Elm. and P. But observe that there is another possible rendering. "(9//;?V not to pour libations, &c. ; for (if you do so offer libations) I will give to their posterity () instead of them (', the Heracleidae here present, masculine) an evnl return home." In favour of this interpretation, see note on , line 805, and the verse of the Iliad there quoted. ^ is used in a similar sense in Xen. Cyrop. vii, 5. 9, ravra. — 120 HERACLEIDAE, TTJs , in Demosth. Le/f., line ro, and in many other passages. And observ'e that, in 1044, certainly does refer to the Heracleidae. 1043. K€p8os. It was scarcely a double gain ; but, as the next line shews, he regards one event from two points of view. The benefit to the Athenians would arise from the injury to the Peloponne- sians, the descendants of the Heracleidae : the two facts are just the opposite sides of the same shield. 1045, 6. With ei, supply e^rt: = " since.'* For Karepy., "achieve," of. Hdt. III. 65, K. -.—For , cf. Soph. PAi/. 260, ? irarpos €\€3. 1050. See .—This proposal to throw Eur. to the dogs is not consistent with Alcmena's promise in 1023, 4. Possibly, (i) in her rage, she forgot that promise; or (2) she wished to frighten Eurystheus ; or (3, and so Pfl.) thinking the bur}-ing Avas no business of hers, she would leave his body to the dogs unless it was claimed by the Athenians, or (4) irvpi should be read for , or (5, and most probable of all conjec- tures) Euripides himself forgot his former line. 1 05 1. For 6% with the future indicative, see note on 248, also 161. 1054, 5. - is either nominative to ^rai^ or, accusative of respect, = '* quod ad nos attinet." At any rate the meaning is "the conduct proceeding from us."—For $, adverb for adjective, cf. in 369.—The chorus would say : ^'ice will not cause any blood- guiltiness to Demophon : we will have nothing to do with this butchery." ENGLISH INDEX. Figures with refer to the Critical ; the others, to the Explanatory Notes. Abstract for concrete, 52 change of person, 800 accusative absolute, 7, 177, i86, tense, 1007 506, 693 (with $) comparative, superfluous, 297 adverbial, 38 compound adj. with subst. for in apposition, 241,671, genitive, 777 759 conditional sentences, 187, 892, by attraction, 759 972 cognate, 990 Cretic endmgs, 303, 529, 640, 654 for dative, no elliptical, 657, 1040 Dative, causal, 474, 660, 70 J, of instrument of mo- 775. 789. loio tion, 168, 802 ethic, 378 of respect, 65,95, 202, double question, 661 445. 492, 495» 572, 633. 641, 645, 657, Epexegetic indicative, 821, 950 689, 739, 1024, 1054 infinitive, 33, 141, 156, active for middle, 816 182, 301, 577 adjective applied to two nouns, sentence, 780 130» subjunctive, 178 for adverb, 7«, 180 n, euphemism, 382, 511, 714, 910, 669, 830, 864, 943 946 adverb for adjective, 369, 1055 aorist, 710 n, 13, 146, 165, 232, Fearing, verbs of, 248, 645, 791 320 future, 439, 934, 992 frequentative, 54, 332,522, 613 Genitive, 226, 365, 682 participle with 0^', i2o absolute, 66, 305, 416, article as demonstrative, 291, 693 823, 828 with adverbs of place, with quotation of epi- 584 thet, 978, 1015 of comparison, 233 denoting connexion, 213, Change of case, 693 379, 402, 447, 479 gender, 745 objective, 191, 469, 1013 1 122 HERACLEIDAE. genitive, partitive, 397, 416 Nominative in apposition, 72, 671 privative, 908 pendens, 40 "proceeding from," 618, for vocative, 52 870 Pallene, 849, 103 Hebe, 918 parenthetic clause, 226 hendiadys, 926 participle, aorist with , i20 Homeric words, 749 concessive, 425, 814 future, 934, 992 Imperfect, 416, 682, 951 present, 1003 for aorist, 87 passive for middle, 757 impersonals, 830 predicate, 55, 62 infinitive : see epexegetic preposition not repeated, 226, 755 for imperative, 313 present for past, 871, 897 Lengthening vowels before mute Singular for plural, 212 and liquid, 753 subjunctive, jussive, 559 Marathon, 32, 80, 393 Tmesis, 231 middle voice, 380, 615 tribrach, 211 «, 1014;? denoting " in company with," 256, 808 Zeugma, 311, 496, 785, 833, 839, Mycenae, 191 104! 1 1 GREEK INDEX. Figures with refer to the Critical ; the others, to the Explanatory Notes. * kyopoLos Zeus, 70 , 895 '^ ^> ^40 yvioa^, 653, 795 , 840 , 6, 43, loi, 200, 460, 474, 5, 997 813, 1027, 1037 ^, 3^3» 57<5» 827» 953 atpeaOai, 504 «, 504, 986, 991 ^?, 753 . , 2oo cwTTij, collectively, 932 54 , 6 7 ,-, 276 , 646 , 900 , 814 , 89 , 143 '^ , 86 <^<^ 333» 353» 832, 931 , \^, 51, 224 7, 711» 76 Bot'veiv and its compounds, with , 565 ;= "at," hortative, 807 accus., 168, 802, 845 aWaaaeiv, 317. 34^. 1000 , 9 * = , 1038 , 6 ' 7e, 689 \$, 404 , 75 , 65 -, 492 /3^/, 832 , 7© /Sp^ras, 93^ , 344' 45 72» 97^» 5> 8 , 526 , 12, 2 34» 302' 6 els, 3 76, 632, 683, 856 €, fut. of , 209 limiting adverbs, 203 « avfjp^Uftus homo, 807 ^ yc, 109 , superfluous, 58 7e /ievTot, 593, 637 '5, 1 68 emphasizing nouns, 562 participles, ^, 917» 947 ,, 263 airaipeLV, 67 7evos = birth, 45 , 2 2, 697 ^, 'jq6 , 968, 024 €€, 51 , 935 /^, 852, 882 , emphasizing the following word, ^, 674 257. 565 1 2 1 124 HERACLEIDAE, U yc, 109 ^^opay, 675 deivov, 468, 561 ^-, 427, 68 ^ for , 663 836 ^53. 33i> 4841 516 ,^, 847 , 995 « , in hostile sense, 355 « , 69 ^TT^/coos, with genitive, 1 19 /, 14 iwl, with accusative, 50 L€py.oa, passive, 174 „ dative, 777 «, 135, 482 ' ^, 788 „ genitive, 238 elvai, 142, 77^ ^ with infinitive, 202 , intransitive, 61 $, . Xey. in Eur., 218 , 1 86 ipKos, 441 , 245 , 6gi 897 $, 298 ,active formiddle, = , 817 , 74, 400 ' and , antithesis, 176, ^crrt, 29, 210 424 , beginning a line, 386 « ^ " transitive, 600 ^• = cessavit," or **cohibuit, , 1 028 n, 924 924 , vith genitive, ? 584 ?Tt, 500, 538 , 85, 1041 ^$, 502 €, with fut. indie, after verbs of euxapis, 894 emotion, 645 , in hostile sense, 393 er^e, 731. 740 ^, 38, 498 , 677 , see ^ , see ? etVi, 893 ZTyXoGv, 865 cfTre/), 563 clpyeLv, 662, 963 ets, 60, 1 04 , epexegetic, 298 for ev, 147 7 70;,_^55 = "against," 313, 387 •^ , 651 eXra, 429, 816 7/fcets for 213 ^=" after," , 939 , 76 = "son of," 1046 »', 46, 682 597 • , 73^ * ,eXavveiVf 904, 1007 /^, 8, 9S8 iXayxeiv, 404 /)•^5, 541 Ae7xos, 404, 905 iXevdepos, 868 ?)»', feminine, 130 , 2 71, 685 876 for 13, [34, 200, , 828, 407 56, ,^v, for ets, 77 /, of the mind, 709 i ^ayy, 531 ? for oZicetos, 146 iieipyaapjivov, 960 , 397» 786 ^iov, 7 &•7/«, 74» 400, 937 3 ) 6 GREEK INDEX. 125 ^, 394 , in supposed cases, = "if not," '€', 664 ^ 283, 328, 533 yap, 998 oTTws, with fut. indie, 248, ye, 118 1051 Kalpios, 471 \vith subj. aorist, 548, 558, 654 2jg , 495 ,Karayeiv, 949 , 558 €, 529 «, 5^9) 6 47© ^ 124, ai6 « ,899 ,, 8 , 784, 82, 95^ /f »', 83 «, 83 KaT-qyopeLv , 418 -/ and ^, 35 , 956 € 762, (778 w), 879 , 84 \€, 445 Viv, 127 , 847, 853 , 508, 725 Kpbeiu for irpoKpLveiv, 197 '^ OiVetoy, 146, 419' ^34 /cv/)€tv, 374 /Liat, 511, 9^8 otos, 743 «» 743 28 '^"', 3^ €, oXoXiry?7> 782 Xaios, 671» 7-8 ^, 28 €$, 874 581 ^7=" bid," 950 , ?, 727 ^, 73^ , 695» ^99» 7^0 ^;/, 778 \$, 6gg, 800 ^» 892 ? as final conjunction, 657 -os, 893 with future indie, 248, 420, 1051 2ig , 1 ,emphatic, 0? for €, 790 €, 53 ^Aeij/, 96, 354> 71 1> 713' 717 oVios, 719 €$, 022 (5,^328, 409, 414, 527 741 oarts av, 966 , 01) for 6o8, ^'" ^", 974 €, 615 /i^v, omitted, 847» 873 ovKoOv t 255«,•''' Hi, 971, 1005i" with re, 335 ovKovv) ' y/ » ^ , 93^> 94^ , 384 /i^j' Tot, 520 ye, 64 /, 217 ox!Te...Te, 605 €€, 8, 629, 683 '?, 374 , ©3 , 247 /t^ ?? ?, with fut. indie, 160 ^"^^. 394 denoting fear, 384 ^, of the Acropolis, 781 denoting indefinite class, 903 , 44 epexegetic, 506 indirect question, with pres. indie, 482 ?, 54^ 1 26 HERACLEIDAE. , with accus., 295, 753 € KeXeveLP, 490 with dative = "in the mind ^^" gauche," 258, 458, 671 of," 201, 370, 8S1 , 993 TrapayyeWeiv, 825, 907 , . Xey., 70* , 908 arvyecv, 722 , adjective, 782 ^/, 435» 9^' ai, 153 , 243 502, 564, 590 826 , , 1 26, 236 '', 4 , adverbial, 451 rt /, 429» 459 ', 44 -, 634 «> 634 7$, 659 ?, 4^5 , 159 ' , 6^, 17 Triri'Xos, 834 $, 402, 1032 , 466 , 1007, lOii ;/, 231, 444 7ro^os = "cupido," 299 «"?, indignant, 162 664 ,Te.../cat turn," 76 = "quum, 469 ?,,93- 6..., giving alternatives, 153 , indignant, 3^9' 5^0 , 75^ , with accus., 43^' 794 400 Teos,, €€€, 45» 479 911 irptv /, 8, 805 €, 99© 6 = €, 925 , adverb of manner, 193» 439» , 2 1 444, 495, 668, 794 59® Tis, intensifying, 116, 901, 981 TrpoTiTveiv,.618 = Fr. "on," 595, 827, 866 TT/jos, adverb, 641 Tt , 633 with genitive, 682 , IOI3 -, 214 , 570 , adverb of time, 686 , 266 preposition, 657 , indeclinable, 167 349, 964 , 84 ,306, IO37 rpoTralos, 867, 349, 937 ,7 aios, 167 5 $, -, 8 ruTTOs, 858 '/ in singular not found in Euripides, « 573 "T/3pts, 18, 280 6$, 480 giy wvpyovy, 293 , virepaXyetv, 619 €€€, 554 with dative, 286 / 'PtTTTeiV 148 , , , \vith dative, 10 636 , = "to the time of," 782 , 6c , of admiration, 535, 552 GREEK INDEX. 127 ^fiVyeiv, 15, 91a , 714 ipdcweiv, 721 XP^os, 95 , 284 , Xprjy, 706 «, 959 ;/, 112 -, 'j'jf) XPO'i""» 9^5 , 387, 459, 9:5 , 223 « ', 68 0PO»'w»', 258, 933 ,^ „ ^^„ /, 688 $ ( ]$ $), 6 Xoupe, 600, 630 ( = ), 423» 675 Xapis, 334. 438, 548, 767. 103^ ^/, 330. 5^9' ^^^ Xeip="a bandof men,"337> t035 UNIVERSITY IKESS. CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY C. J. CLAV, M.A. AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, THE PITT PRESS SERIES. I. MATHEMATICS. Euclid, The Elements of Geometry after. Books L and II. By H. M. Taylor, M.A., Fellow and late Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. [Xearly ready. II. GREEK. Aristophanes. Aves—Plutus—Ranse. By W. C. Green, M.A., late Assistant Master at Rugby School. 3J. 6d. each. Aristotle. Outlines of the Philosophy of. Compiled by Edwin Wallace, M.A., LL.D. Third Edition, Enlarged. 4.?. 6d. Euripides. Heracleidae. With Introduction and Explanatory Notes. By E. A. Beck, M.A., Fellow of Trinity Hall. 3J. 6d. Hercules Furens. With Introduction, Notes and Analysis. By A. Gray, M.A., and J. T. Hitchinsox, M.A. New Ed. 2i. Hippolytus. With Introduction and Notes. By W. S. Hadley, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke College. 2s. Iphigeneia in Aulis. By C. E. S. Headlam, B.A. [/« t/ie Press. Herodotus, Book VI. Edited with Notes and Introduction by E. S. Shuckbl-rgh, M.A. j^s. Book VIII., Chaps. 1—90. By the same Editor. 3^•. 6d. Book IX., Chaps. 1 —89. By the same Editor. 3J•. 6d. Homer. Odyssey, Books IX., X. With Introduction, Notes and Appendices by G. M. Edwards, M.A. 2S. 6d. each. Luciani Somnium Charon Piscator et De Luctu. By W. E. Heitland, M.A., Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. 3J. 6d. Platonis Apologia Socratis. With Introduction, Notes and Appendices. By J. Adam, M.A. 3J. 6d. Crito. By the same Editor. 2s. 6d. Euthjrphro. By the same Editor. [In the Press. Plutarch. Lives of the Gracchi. With Introduction, Notes and Lexicon by Rev. H. A. Holdex, M.A., LL.D. 6s. Life of Nicias. By the same Editor. 53•. Life of Sulla. By the same Editor. 6s. Life of Timoleon. By the same Editor. {Nearly ready. Sophocles. Oedipus Tyrannus. School Edition, with Intro- duction and Commentary- by R. C. Jebb, Litt.D., LL.D. . 6d. Thucydides, Book VII. With Notes and Introduction. By H. R. Tottenham, M.A. {^Nearly ready. Xenophon. Agesilaus. By H. Hailstone, M.A. 2s. 6d. Londofi: Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria La?te. 10/9/89 PUBLICATIONS OF Xenophon. Anabasis. With Introduction, Map and English Notes, by A. Pketor, M.A. Two vols. 7J. 6d. Books I. III. IV. and V. By the same. is. each. Books . VI. and VII. By the same. 2s. 6d. each. Xenophon. Cyropaedeia. Books I. . With Introduction and Notes by Rev. H. A. Holden, M.A., LL.D. 2 vols. 6s. Books III. IV. and V. By the same Editor. 5^. III. LATIN. Beda's Ecclesiastical History, Books III., IV. Edited \vith a life, Notes, Glossary•, Onomasticon and Index, bv J. E. B. Mayor, M.A., and J. R. LuMBv. D.D. Revised Edition, -js. ed. Books I. II. By the same Editors. [Iti the Press. Caesar. De Bello Gallico, Comment. I. With Maps and Notes by A. G. Peskett, M.A., Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, u. td. Comment. II. III. 2i•. Comment. I. II. III. 35. Comment. IV. V., and Comment. VII. is. each. Comment. VI. and Comment. VIII. u. (>d. each. Cicero. De Amicitia.—De Senectute. Edited by J. S. Reid, Litt.D., Fellow of Gcnville and Caius College. 3^. 6d. each. In Gaium Verrem Actio Prima. With Notes, by H. Cowie, M.A. ij. ed. In Q. Caecilium Divinatio et in C. Verrem Actio. With Notes by W. E. Heitland, M.A.. and H. Cowie, M.A. y. Philippica Secunda. By A. G. Peskett, M.A. y. 6d. Oratio pro Archia Poeta. By J. S. Reid, Litt.D. 2s. Pro L. Comelio Balbo Oratio. Bv the same. is. 6d. Oratio pro Tito Annio Milone, with English Notes, S:c., by John Smvth Purton, B.D. 2j. 6d. Oratio pro L. Murena, with English Introduction and Notes. By W. E. Heitl.\nd, M.A. 35•. Pro Cn. Plancio Oratio, by H. A. Holden, LL.D. 4^•. 6d. Pro P. Comelio Sulla Oratio. Bv J. S. Reid,> Litt.D. . J 35. ed. Somnium Scipionis. With Introduction and Notes Edited by W. D. Pearman, M.A. 2S. Horace. Epistles, Book I. With Notes and Introduction bv E. S. Shuckburgh, M.A., late Fellow of Emmanuel College. 2J. ()d. Livy. Book IV. With Introduction and Notes. By H. M. Stephenson, MJ^• „„„ {Nearly ready. Books XXI., XXII. With Notes, Introduction and Maps. By M. S. Dimsdale, M.A., Fellow of King's College, is. td. each. Lucan. Pharsaliae Liber Primus, with English Introduction and Notes by W. E. Heitland, M.A., and C. E. Haskins, M.A. \s. 6d. Lucretius, Book V. With Notes and Introduction by L D • j J Duff. M. ., Fellow of Trinity College. 2s. Ovidii Nasonis Fastorum Liber VI. With Notes by A. SiDGwiCK, M.A., Tutor of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, xs. 6d. London .• Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 3 Quintus Curtius. A Portion of the Histor)' (Alexander in India). By W. E. Heitland, M.A., and T. E. Raven, B.A. With Two Maps. 3i. td. Vergili Maronis Aeneidos Libri I.—XII. Edited with Notes by A. SiDGwicK, M.A. \s. 6d. each. Bucolica. By the same Editor, ij•. 6d. Georgicon Libri I. . By the same Editor. 2s. Libri III. IV. By the same Editor. 2s. The Complete Works. By the same Editor. Two vols. Vol. I. containing the Text. Vol. II. The Notes. [Nearly ready. IV. FRENCH. Comeille. La Suite du Menteur. A Comedy in Five Acts. With Notes Philological and Historical, by the late G. Masson, B.A. 2S. De Bonnechose. Lazare Heche. With four ^laps, Intro- duction and Commentarj•, by C. Colbeck, M.A. Re\ased Edition. 2J. D'Harleville. Le Vieux C41ibataire. A Comedy, Gram- matical and Historical Notes, by G. Masson, B.A. 2S. De Lamartine. Jeanne D'Arc. Edited with a Map and Notes Historical and Philological, and a Vocabulary-, by Rev. A. C. Clapin, M.A., St John's College, Cambridge, is. De Vigny. La Canne de Jonc. Edited with Notes by Rev. H. A. Bull, M.A., late Master at Wellington College. 2.?. Erckmann-Chatrian. La Guerre. With Map, Introduction and Commentary- by Rev. A. C. Clapin, M.A. 3^. La Baronne de Stael-Holstein. Le Directoire. (Considera- tions sur la Revolution Francaise. Troisieme et quatrieme parties.) Revised and enlarged. With Notes by G. Masson, B.A. and G. W. Prothero, M.A. is. Dix Annoes d'Exil. Livre II. Chapitres 1—8. Bj- the same Editors. New Edition, enlarged. 2s. Lemercier. Fredegonde et Brunehaut. A Tragedy in Five Acts. By GusTAVE Masson, B.A. is. Moli^re. Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, Comedie- Ballet en Cinq Actes. (1670.) By Rev. A. C. Clapin, M.A. Revised Edition, is. 6d. L'Ecole des Femmes. With Introduction and Notes by G. Saintsburv, M.A. is. 6d. Les Precieuses Ridicules. With Introduction and Notes, by E. G. W. Braunholtz, M.A., Ph.D. [Xearly ready. Piron. La Motromanie. A Comedy, with Notes, by G. Masson, B.A. is. Eacine. Les Plaideurs. With Introduction and Notes, by E. G. . Bracnholtz, M.A., Ph.D. [Xearly ready. Sainte-Beuve. M. Daru (Causeries du Lundi, Vol. IX.). By G. Masson, B.A. is. Saintine. Picciola. With Introduction, Notes and Map. By Rev. A. C. Clapin, M.A. is. Scribe and Legouv^. Bataille de Dames. Edited by Rev. H. A. Bull, M.A. is. London: Cambridge IVareliouse, Ave Maria Lane. PUBLICATIONS OF Scribe. Le Verre d'Eau. A Comedy; with Memoir, Gram- matical and Historical Notes. Edited by C. Colbeck, M.A. 2J. Sedaine. Le Philosophe sans le savoir. Edited with Notes by Rev. H. A. Bull, M.A., late Master at Wellington College. 2J. Thierry. Lettres sur I'histoire de France (XIII.— XXIV). By G. Masson, B.A. and G. W. Protheko, M.A. -zs. 6d. Rocits des Temps Morovingiens I—III. Edited by GusTAVE M.\5SON, B.A. Univ. Gallic, and A. R. Ropes, M.A. With Map. 3^. Villemain. Lascaris ou Les Grecs du XVe Sicle, Nouvelle Historique. By G. Massox, B.A. 2s. Voltaire. Histoire du Si^cle de Louis XIV. Chaps. I.— XIII. Edited by G. Masson, B.A. and G. W. Prothfro, M.A. 2j. 6d. Part II. Chaps. XIV.—XXIV. By the same Editors. With Three Maps. 2s. ed. Part III. Chaps. XXV. to end. By the same Editors. 2s. 6d. Xavier de Maistre. La Jeune Siborienne. Le Lopreux de la Cite' D'Aoste. By G. Masson, B.A. 2s. V. GERMAN. Ballads on German History. Arranged and annotated by WiLHELM Wagner, Ph.D. 2s. Benedix. Doctor Wespe. Lustspiel in ftinf Aufzugen. Edited with Notes by K.\rl Her.mann Breul, M.A. 3^. Freytag. Der Staat Friedrichs des Grossen. With Notes. By Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. 2s. German Dactylic Poetry. Arranged and annotated by Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. 3^. Goethe's Knabenjahre. (1749— 1759•) Arranged and anno- tated by Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. 2J. Hermann und Dorothea. By Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. Revised edition by J. W. Cartmell, M.A. 3^. 6d. Gutzkow. Zopf und Schwert. Lustspiel in funf Aufzugen. By H.. J. Wolstenholme, B.A. (Lond.). 3^. 6d. Hauff. Das Bild des Kaisers. By Karl Hermann Breul. M.A., Ph.D., University Lecturer in German. 3J. Das Wirthshaus im Spessart. By A. Schlottm a.nn ' Ph.D. 3i. 6d. Die Karavane. Edited with Notes by A. Schlott- :.L^NN, Ph.D. 3i. 6d. Immermann. Der Oberhof. A Tale of Westphalian -«^ Life bv Wilhel.m Wagner, Ph.D. 3^. > / Kohlrausch. Das Jahr 1 8 3. With 1 EngHsh Notes by^ Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. 2s. Lessing and Gellert. Selected Fables. Edited with Notes by K.^RL Her.mann Breul, M.A. ^s. Mendelssohn's Letters. Selections from. Edited by 'Tames Si.ME, M.A. y. ^ Raumer. Der erste Kreuzzug (1095— 1099). By Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. 2s. London: Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 5 Riehl. Culturgeschichtliche Novellen. Edited by H. J. WoLSTENHOLME, B.A. (Lond.)• 4-f. 6d. Schiller. Wilhelm Tell. Edited with Introduction and Notes, by Karl Hermann Bkel l, M.A. [.Vc-ar/y ready. Uhland. Ernst, Herzog von Schwaben. With Introduction and Notes. By H. J. Wolstenholme, B.A. 3^. 6d. VI. ENGLISH. Ancient Philosophy from Thales to Cicero, A Sketch of. By Joseph B. Mayor, M.A. 3^. 6d. Bacon's History of the Reign of King Henry VII. With Notes by the Rev. Professor Lumby, D.D. j,s. British India, a Short History of. By E. S. Carlos, M.A., late Head Master of Exeter Grammar School. [Nearly ready. Cowley's Essays. With Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. Professor Lu.mbv, D.D. 4J. Geography, Elementary Commercial. A Sketch of the Com- modities and the Countries of the World. By H. R. Mill, D.Sc, F.R.S.E. u. Geography, an Atlas of Commercial. (A Companion to the above.) By J. G. B.a.rtholome\v, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by Hugh RoBERi Mill, D.Sc. [Preparing. More's History of King Richard III. Edited with Notes, Glossary-, Inde.x of Names. By J. Rawson Lcmby, D.D. 3^. 6d. More's Utopia. With Notes, by Rev. Prof. Lumby, D.D. 3.?. 6d. The Two Noble Kinsmen, edited Avith Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. Professor Skeat, Litt.D. 3J. 6d. VII. EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE. Comenius, John Amos, Bishop of the Moravians. His Life and Educational Works, by S. S. L.\urie, A.M., F.R.S.E. 3J. dd. Education, Three Lectures on the Practice of. I. On Mark- ing, by h. w. eve, m. a. II. On Stimulus, by A. SiDGWiCK, M.A. III. On the Teaching of Latin Verse Composition, by E. A. Abbott, D.D. is. Stimulus. A Lecture delivered for the Teachers' Training Syndicate, May, 1882, by A. Sidgwick, M.A. \s. Locke on Education. With Introduction and Notes by the Rev. R. H. Qlick, M.A. 3^. td. Milton's Tractate on Education. A facsimile reprint from the Edition of 1673. Edited with Notes, by O. Bkow.ving, M.A. is. Modem Languages, Lectures on the Teaching of. By C. COLBECK, M.A. IS. Teacher, General Aims of the, and Form Management. Two Lectures delivered in the University of Cambridge in the Lent Term, 1883, by F. W. Farrar, D.D. and R. B. Poole, B.D. xs. 6d. Teaching, Theory and Practice of. By the Rev. E. Thring, M.A., late Head Master of Uppingham School. New Edition. 41. 6d. Other Volumes are in preparation. London: Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. — PUBLICATIONS OF Clje Camijiiiise Btijle for ^cl)inils anil CoUeses. D.D., General Editor : J. J. S. PEROWXE, Dean of Peterborough. "It is difficult to commend too highly this excellent series."' Guardiaii. Now Ready. Cloth, Extra Fcap. 8w. With Maps. Book of Joshua. By Rev. G. F. Maclear, D.D. 2s. 6d. Book of Judges. By Rev. J. J. Lias, ... 3^. 6d. First Book of Samuel. By Rev. Prof. Kirkpatrick, B. D. 3^. 6d. Second Book of Samuel. By Rev. Prof. Kirkpatrick, B.D. 3i. 6d. First Book of Kings. By Rev. Prof. Lumby, D.D. 2)^. 6d. Second Book of Kings. By Rev. Prof. Lumby, D.D. y. dd. Book of Job. By Rev. A. B. Davidson, D.D. ^s. Book of Ecclesiastes. By \'ery Rev. E. H. Plumptre, D.D. >^s. Book of Jeremiah. By Rev. A. W. Streane, ^LA. 4^. (^d. Book of Hosea. By Rev. T. K. Cheyne, ALA., D.D. 3^. Books of Obadiah & Jonah. By Archdeacon Perowne. 2s. 6d. Book of Micah. By Rev. T. K. Cheyxe, M.A., D.D. is. 6d. Books of Haggai & Zechariah. By Archdeacon Perowne. y. Gospel according to St Matthew. By Re\ . A. Carr, M. A. 2s. 6d. Gospel according to St Mark. By Rev. G. F. Maclear, D.D. 2s. 6d. Gospel according to St Luke. By Arch. Farrar, D.D. . ed. Gospel according to St John. By Rev. A. Plummer, D.D. 45•. 6d. Acts of the Apostles. By Rev. Prof. Lumby, D.D. ^. 6d. Epistle to the Romans. By Rev. H. C. G. Moule, M.A. y. 6d. First Corinthians. By Rev. J. J. Lias, M.A With Map. 2s. Second Corinthians. By Rev. J. J. Lias, M.A With Map. 2s. Londofi: Cambridge Warehouse^ Ave Maria Lane. THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. Epistle to the Ephesians. By Rev. H. C. G. Moule, M.A. 2s. dd. Epistle to the Philippians. By Rev. H. C. G. Moule, M.A. Epistle to the Hebrews. By Arch. Farr,\r, D.D. y. 6d. General Epistle of St James. By Very Rev. E. H. Plumptre, D.D. IS. td. Epistles of St Peter and St Jude. By Very Rev. E. H. Pllmptke, D.D. 2.S. 6d. Epistles of St John. By Rev. A. Plummer, M.A., D.D. 3^•. ed. Preparing. Book of Genesis. By Very Rev. the Dean of Peterborough. Books of Exodus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. By Rev. C. D. GiNSBURG, LL.D. Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. By Rev. Prof. Ryle, M.A. Book of Psalms. By Rev. Prof. Kirkpatrick, B.D. Book of Isaiah. By Prof. \V. Robertson Smith, M.A. Book of Ezekiel. By Rev. A. B. Davidson, D.D. Book of Malachi. By Archdeacon Perowne. Epistle to the Galatians. By Rev. E. H. Perowne, D.D. Epistles to the Colossians and Philemon. By Rev. H. C. G. MoiLE, M.A. Epistles to Timothy & Titus. By Rev. A. E. Humphreys, M.A. Cbc Smaller Camfirftse fnr ^rboolsi* The Smaller Caunbridge Bible for Schools will for?n an entirely new series of co?fime7itaries on some selected books of the Bible. It is expected that they will be prepared for the most part by the Editors of the larger series {The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges). The vohvnes will be issued at a low price, and will be suitable to the require?nents of preparatory and ele??ientary schools. The fii'st vohones of the series will be readyfor publication before the efid of the present year. In the Press. First and Second Books of Samuel. By Rev. Prof. Kirk- patrick, B.D. Gospel according to St Matthew. By Rev. A. Carr, M.A. Gospel according to St Mark. By Rev. G. F. Maclear, D.D. London : Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. 8 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. CI)e Cambrftrst (greefe Ce^taimnt for ^rftrnDld anil Cnlltgesi, with a Revised Text, based on the most recent critical authorities, and EngUsh Notes, prepared under the direction of the General Editor, of Peterborough. J. J. S. PEROWNE, D.D., Dean Gospel according to St Matthew. By Rev. A. Carr, M.A. With 4 Maps. 4J. 6d. Gospel according to St Mark. By Rev. G. F. Maclear, D.D. With 3 Maps. 4.^. 6d. Gospel according to St Luke. By Archdeacon Farrar. With 4 Maps. 6s. Gospel according to St John. By Rev. A. Plummer, D.D. With 4 Maps. 6s. Acts of the Apostles. By Rev. Professor Lumby, D.D, With 4 Maps. 6s. First Epistle to the Corinthians. By Rev. J. J. Lias, M.A. 3^. Second Epistle to the Corinthians. By Rev. J. J. Lias, M.A. [In the Press. Epistle to the Hebrews. By Archdeacon Farrar, D.D. 3^. 6d. Epistle of St James. By Ven^ Rev. E. H. Plumptre, D.D. [Prepariftg. Epistles of St John. By Rev. A. Plummer, M.A., D.D. ^s. C. CLAY and SONS, : J. CAMBRIDGE WAREHOUSE, AVE MARL\ LANE. Glasgoto: 263, ARGYLE STREET. Cambridge: DEIGHTON, BELL AND CO. ,: F. A. BROCKHAUS. cambrtoge: printed by c. j. clay. m.a. and .«^ons, at the university press. ' y ' " « <- PQ : 00 iO