A WATER-SECURE WORLD IWMI IN COVER ALEXIS LIU/IWMI. IWMI WHAT WE DO

OUR ROLE: A WATER-SECURE WORLD IWMI also partners with numerous national and The International Water Management Institute state-level bodies, such as the Indian Council of (IWMI) is a non-profit, scientific research organization. Agricultural Research (ICAR) and the National Through our award-winning studies, we provide Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), and various policymakers, communities and the private sector civil society organizations and foundations. with the evidence they need to sustainably manage water and land resources for , people’s OUR EXPERTISE livelihoods and the environment. IWMI is headquartered Driving innovative research and generating 2 in Colombo, , and is a member of CGIAR, a ideas for solutions. global research partnership for a food-secure future. Providing science-based products and tools. Facilitating learning, strengthening capacity With offices in Delhi, and Anand, IWMI and achieving uptake of research findings. has been working in India on issues related to water and agriculture for over two decades. Our researchers work in close collaboration with national and state BUDGET AND DONORS governments, and regularly contribute to water IWMI’s annual expenditure is approximately resources policies and planning. USD 47 million. Funding partners include governments, foundations, multilateral A WATER-SECURE WORLD WATER-SECURE A organizations and the private sector. IWMI

HAMISH JOHN APPLEBY/IWMI. OUR WORK IN INDIA

RIVER SYSTEMS 3

WATER AND CITIES A WATER-SECURE WORLD WATER-SECURE A IWMI

CLIMATE CHANGE

WATER-FOOD-ENERGY NEXUS OUR RESEARCH

RIVER SYSTEMS approaches can potentially create jobs and Rivers in India hold a special significance for its contribute to improvements in urban sanitation. people. However, the health of many of the country’s Specific studies have been undertaken in the rivers, including the Ganges, is rapidly deteriorating peri-urban areas of fast-growing cities such due to high levels of water abstraction and increased as Hyderabad and Bengaluru. pollution. Recognizing these challenges, IWMI is undertaking a range of studies across the Ganges CLIMATE CHANGE River Basin. These include work on pollution Climate change is likely to have a major impact 4 abatement, environmental health, and how on India’s food security. IWMI aims to improve the economic growth is affecting the nature of riverside adaptive capacity of the agriculture and water agriculture and use. sectors by studying how climate change will directly Many of the rivers in the Indian subcontinent, affect farming communities and developing including the Ganges, cross international boundaries. adaptation strategies for policymakers. This creates challenges in how they can be best Climate change is also predicted to increase the managed to ensure sustainable and equitable incidence of natural disasters such as floods and growth. On the Indus River, a vitally important droughts. IWMI is researching how to better manage resource for millions of farmers across India and these risks. For instance, the effects of increased Pakistan, IWMI is studying how data sharing between flooding could be mitigated by funneling more surface A WATER-SECURE WORLD WATER-SECURE A institutions can be improved and cooperation fostered water into underground aquifers, and IWMI is running

IWMI to enhance transboundary water management. a pilot scheme to test this in the Indian context. River systems feed into India’s extensive network To help farmers survive climate shocks such of irrigation channels, which have the potential as floods, IWMI and its partners are developing to water nearly 140 million hectares of farmland. new insurance products which use hi-tech satellite Despite heavy investment in this sector, the various sensing to identify damaged crops and swiftly canal systems rarely deliver to their full potential. award compensation. IWMI’s research is looking at automated canal data collection, performance benchmarking and the cost WATER-FOOD-ENERGY NEXUS recovery of canal irrigation systems. This information Water, food and energy are inextricably intertwined can be used to develop new and more effective and dependent on each other. IWMI seeks to better management models, such as community run understand the interconnection between these systems. These partnerships help local authorities sectors. For example, in South Asia, most forms of and farmers work together to improve water irrigation require energy for pumps. A lack of reliable resources management and contribute to the power, coupled with unsustainable groundwater sustainable intensification of agriculture. management which has led to increased energy costs as water tables fall, has hampered agricultural WATER AND CITIES development. Such issues can only be addressed by India is urbanizing rapidly. This expansion has been taking a holistic view that attempts to analyze how branded as “overloaded and underplanned” by the sectors interact, and how solutions applied in some critics, and the infrastructure of India’s cities one sector might affect outcomes elsewhere. is struggling to cope. However, urban development is also bringing new opportunities for farming and resource recycling. IWMI leads a consortium of partners exploring how waste and wastewater can be recycled and put to profitable use. These new OUR PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA

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HAMISH JOHN APPLEBY/IWMI. PRASHANTH VISHWANATHAN/IWMI. A WATER-SECURE WORLD WATER-SECURE A (ADB) Ministry of Urban Development

Australian Centre for International Agricultural Ministry of Water Resources, River Development IWMI Research (ACIAR) and Ganga Rejuvenation Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Navajbai Ratan Tata Trust Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) Department for International Development United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (DFID), UK University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) program of DFID Food and Agriculture Organization of the United World Health Organization (WHO) Nations (FAO) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) AN INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIP International Crops Research Institute for the The IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Program Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) (ITP) supports the national government and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) selected state governments to develop and validate International Fund for Agricultural Development effective frameworks for water governance. This (IFAD) involves developing robust water policies, and International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) setting up smart and responsive water institutions International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) which are capable of meeting the aspirations of Livelihoods and Natural Resources Management a large and growing economy, and competitive Institute (LNRMI) demands from diverse sectors. HOW WE MAKE A DIFFERENCE

BOOSTING IRRIGATION IN THE EAST INCREASING LAND PRODUCTIVITY IN In West Bengal, groundwater legislation compelled TAMIL NADU THROUGH DRIP IRRIGATION farmers to apply for permits to use tube wells. In Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, over 90% This was costly and time consuming. In addition, of the farmers who had been encouraged to invest connections to the power grid were pricey. Poor in drip irrigation systems did not know how to use farmers were forced to hire expensive diesel pumps them properly. Increases in crop productivity were if they wanted to irrigate. Agricultural growth disappointing. A capacity building initiative, led by stagnated. A research team from IWMI was asked to the IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Program and 6 help. The team recommended two policy changes: local partners, trained farmers in all aspects of drip scrapping pump licenses in areas with plentiful irrigation. This led to reductions in water abstraction groundwater, and providing a subsidy towards and yield increases of up to 40% for some crops. the cost of getting a new electricity connection. This increased the number of pump connections SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER USE by over 90%, potentially increasing farmers’ incomes AND IMPROVED ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY by giving them affordable access to irrigation. IN GUJARAT Fifteen years ago, Gujarat’s aquifers were severely NEW POLICIES FOR SOLAR PUMPS depleted. This was partly due to subsidies for farm Solar-powered pump subsidies are currently being electricity, which made pumping water unrealistically A WATER-SECURE WORLD WATER-SECURE A promoted by several Indian states. Not only are they cheap. This nearly bankrupted the electricity board

IWMI a boon for farmers with unreliable power supplies, and led to erratic power supplies. Change was needed, but they also run without emitting the greenhouse but agricultural lobbies were resistant to a metered gases that cause climate change. However, if farmers electricity tariff. IWMI researchers recommended have access to ‘free’ power, there is a serious risk separating the domestic and agricultural electricity of over-pumping aquifers. To address this issue, feeder lines, and then rationing power to match IWMI and its partners have recommended incentives the seasonal crop water requirements. With power for farmers to sell back surplus solar power to the guaranteed only for limited periods, farmers became grid – essentially a solar ‘cash crop’. This will also more efficient at irrigating. Known asJyotigram encourage efficient and sustainable water use. Yojana, the concept has been so successful that The Government of Gujarat has adopted this it is now being adopted by other states. approach for their recent solar policy.

LAND USE / LAND COVER Abandoned/barren land Fallow land Forestland Orchards Other agricultural land Peri-urban built-up area Rice paddy Shrubland Urban built-up area Urban green 1999 2014 Water bodies Wetland

Maps generated from satellite images showing land-use change around Bengaluru over a fifteen-year period. As India’s cities expand, more and more food production will take place in or around built-up areas. IWMI’s expertise in remote sensing and computer modelling allows it to produce detailed maps that can help city planners respond to these challenges. SOURCE: GRandD Unit/IWMI 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH IN INDIA

7 A WATER-SECURE WORLD WATER-SECURE A IWMI NEIL PALMER/IWMI.

CONTACT US

NEW DELHI OFFICE ANAND OFFICE 2nd Floor, CG Block C, NASC Complex, c/o India Natural Resource Economics and DPS Marg, Pusa, Opp Todapur, Management (INREM) Foundation New Delhi 110 012, India IWMI-India Water Policy Program “Jal Tarang”

TEL +91-11-25843536, 25840812, Near Smruti Apartment, Behind IRMA, Mangalpura, 65976151 Anand 388001, Gujarat, India

FAX +91-11-25840811 TEL/FAX +91 2692 263816/817 EMAIL iwmi-delhi@.org EMAIL [email protected]

HYDERABAD OFFICE HEADQUARTERS c/o International Crops Research International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 127 Sunil Mawatha (ICRISAT) Pelawatte, Battaramulla 401/5, Patancheru 502324, Medak Colombo, Sri Lanka District, Telangana, India MAILING ADDRESS TEL +91 40 30713735/44 P. O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka FAX +91 40 30713074/30713075 EMAIL [email protected] TEL +94 11 2880000, 2784080 FAX +94 11 2786854 EMAIL [email protected] WEBSITE www.iwmi.org

PRINTED February, 2016