DOCSLIB.ORG

Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 56 (2)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 56 (2) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 56 (2) © Queensland Museum 2013 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Director. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qm.qld.gov.au A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum Revision of Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) Wheeler, 1911 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) Rudolf J. KOHOUT Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. Email: [email protected] Citation: Kohout, R.J. 2013 06 30. Revision of Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) Wheeler, 1911 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Nature 56(2): 487–577. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 11 January 2013 ABSTRACT The subgenus Hagiomyrma Wheeler, 1911, of the genus Polyrhachis Fr. Smith, 1857, is revised. Forty-eight species are recognised, including sixteen previously described species: P. ammon (Fabricius), P. ammonoeides Roger, P. angusta Forel, P. crawleyi Forel, P. denticulata Karavaiev, P. lachesis Forel, P. lydiae Forel, P. metella Fr. Smith, P. paxilla Fr. Smith, P. penelope Forel, P. schenkii Forel, P. semiaurata Mayr, P. semiobscura Donisthorpe, P. thusnelda Forel, P. trapezoidea Mayr and P. tubifera Forel. Thirty-two species are described as new: P. anderseni, P. archeri, P. aurora, P. bohemia, P. brisbanensis, P. brutella, P. burwelli, P. callima, P. capeyorkensis, P. clarki, P. conciliata, P. cracenta, P. darlingtoni, P. diversa, P. dougcooki, P. electra, P. elegantula, P. feehani, P. hoffmanni, P. injinooi, P. isolata, P. melanura, P. nourlangie, P. pilbara, P. placida, P. seducta, P. stricta, P. tanami, P. tenebra, P. uncaria, P. vernoni and P. weiri. Six species- groups are recognised: P. ammon-group, metella-group, penelope-group, schenkii-group, trapezoidea-group and tubifera-group. Three species, Polyrhachis sokolova Forel, P. trophima Fr. Smith and P. xiphias Fr. Smith, formerly placed in Hagiomyrma are excluded and placed in different subgenera. A key based on the worker caste is provided. All species are illustrated and their known distributions and biology and ecology summarised. □ Polyrhachis, Hagiomyrma, Australia, New Guinea, systematics, new species, distribution. This is the fourth in a series of papers reviewing five more species that were later considered the Australian ants of the genus Polyrhachis members of the subgenus Hagiomyrma. In the (Kohout 2006, 2010, 2012). It deals with the following years (1866, 1870 and 1876) Gustav species of the subgenus Hagiomyrma which is Mayr described a further thirteen Polyrhachis confined to the Australasian Region with the species and subspecific forms, mostly from the majority of species restricted to Australia. In material in the Godeffroy Museum in Hamburg, terms of the Australian fauna, Hagiomyrma is the two of which now belong to Hagiomyrma. third most speciose subgenus of Polyrhachis with However, the work of Auguste Forel had the only Chariomyrma and Campomyrma containing greatest impact on the taxonomy of the ammon- more Australian species. group, that later (see Wheeler, 1911) become In 1775 Johann Christian Fabricius described known as the subgenus Hagiomyrma. Except Formica ammon, one of the first Australian ants for two species, one he described in 1886 collected at Botany Bay by Joseph Banks during from Darnley Island in Torres Strait and the the Endeavour voyage of discovery under other in 1907 from the north-west of Western Captain James Cook. However, it was not until Australia, all the specimens he worked on were almost a century later that Frederick Smith (1860 collected and sent to him by Gilbert Turner, a and 1863) and Julius Roger (1863) described retired farmer from Mackay in Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 2013 56(2) www.qm.qld.gov.au 487 Kohout (see Turner, 1897). From this material, between this infers that this was the only specimen 1895 and 1916, Forel described a vast number available and no syntype or paratype specimens of new species and subspecies of Australian ants, are known to exist. including ten which were considered members of Names of the most frequently listed the subgenus Hagiomyrma. Only two more species, collectors are abbreviated as follows: ANA P. denticulata Karavaiev, 1927, and P. semiobscura = A.N. Andersen; BDH = B.D. Hoffmann; Donisthorpe, 1944, were later described, raising CJB = C.J. Burwell; DJC = D.J. Cook; DKY = the number of Hagiomyrma species to twenty- D.K. Yeates; GIT = G.I. Thompson; H&C = H. two. This situation remained unchanged until Heatwole & E. Cameron; JDM = J.D. Majer; Kohout (1988, 1994) synonymised the subspecies JEF = J.E. Feehan; JPH = J.& P. Hasenpusch; P. ammon angustata Forel and P. sokolova degener PMR = P.M. Room; RJK = R.J. Kohout; BBL = Forel with their nominal forms and P. chalchas B.B. Lowery; GBM = G.B. Monteith; SKR = S.K. Forel with P. ammonoeides Roger, reducing the Robson; RWT = R.W. Taylor; TAW = T.A. Weir. number of species to nineteen. Finally, with the Other abbreviations used in specimen data are: transfer of three species to different subgenera Arch. = Archipelago; Bch = Beach; c. = about (L. (see below), I consider only sixteen previously circa); CALM = Department of Conservation described species to be valid members of the and Land Management, Western Australia; subgenus Hagiomyrma. Ck = Creek; CURT = Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia; DPI MATERIAL AND METHODS = Department of Primary Industries; Hmsd = Homestead; I. = Island; Is = Islands; Mt = Photographs of specimens were taken with a Mount; Mtn = Mountain; Mts = Mountains; NP digital camera attached to a stereomicroscope. = National Park; nr = near; Pen. = Peninsula; The images were then processed using Helicon Pltn = Plantation; PNG = Papua New Guinea; Focus (Mac OSX version) or Auto-Montage Prov. = Province; Pt = Point; R. = River; Ra. = (Syncroscopy, Division of Synoptics Ltd, USA) Range; Rd = Road; rf. = rainforest; SF = State and Adobe Photoshop CS2 (Adobe Systems Forest; Stn = Station; Tbld = Tableland; TERC = Inc., USA) software. Unless otherwise indicated, CSIRO, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, illustrations are of the holotypes of the new Darwin, Northern Territory; w = worker/s; species or critically compared specimens (mostly x-ing = crossing. Australian states and territories topotypes) of previously described species. are abbreviated as follows: ACT = Australian The use of the terms “New Guinea”, “New Capital Territory; NSW = New South Wales; Britain”, “New Ireland” and “Bismarck NT = Northern Territory; QLD = Queensland; Archipelago” alone indicate the biogeographic SA = South Australia; TAS = Tasmania; VIC = delimitation of these regions regardless of their Victoria; WA = Western Australia. current political boundaries. New Guinean Abbreviations for institutions and localities at which ants were collected by the depositories (with the names of co-operating Bishop Museum’s collectors were checked curators) are: AMNH – American Museum against that institution’s locality list (BPBM, of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. (Dr 1966, unpublished). In some cases the latitude J.M. Carpenter); AMSA – Australian Museum, and longitude co-ordinates and altitudes of Sydney, NSW, Australia (Drs D. Britton, D. localities are only approximate. Smith); ANIC – Australian National Insect Lists of synonymies presented here are not Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, always comprehensive and for full synonymic Canberra, ACT, Australia (Drs S.O. Shattuck, citations see Bolton (1995), Bolton et al. (2007) R.W. Taylor, N. Barnett); BMNH – The Natural and Dorow (1995). Publication dates and History Museum, London, UK (Barry Bolton, the spelling of species’ and authors’ names K. Goodger, S. Ryder); BPBM – Bernice P. generally follow Bolton et al. (2007). Where a Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A. (Dr holotype specimen is mentioned as ‘unique’, G.M. Nishida, K.T. Arakaki); CASC – California 488 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 2013 56(2) Revision of Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA., (maximum measurable length of the head U.S.A. (Dr B.L. Fisher, K.J. Ribardo); CURT in perfect full face view, measured from the – Curtin University of Technology, Perth, anteriormost point of the clypeal border or WA, Australia (Drs J.D. Majer, B.E. Heterick); teeth, to the posteriormost point of the occipital HNHM – Hungarian Natural History Museum, margin); HW – Head width (width of the head Budapest, Hungary (Dr J. Papp); IZAS – Institute in perfect full face view, measured immediately of Zoology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in front of eyes); CI – Cephalic index (HW Kiev, Ukraine (Dr A.G. Radchenko); MCZC – x 100/HL); SL – Scape length (length of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard antennal scape, excluding the condyla); SI – University, Cambridge, MA., USA (Dr S.P. Scape index (SL x 100/HW); PW – Pronotal Cover); MHNG – Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Consequences of Evolutionary Transitions in Changing Photic Environments
    bs_bs_banner Austral Entomology (2017) 56,23–46 Review Consequences of evolutionary transitions in changing photic environments Simon M Tierney,1* Markus Friedrich,2,3 William F Humphreys,1,4,5 Therésa M Jones,6 Eric J Warrant7 and William T Wcislo8 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. 2Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. 3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. 4Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia. 5School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. 6Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia. 7Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. 8Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá. Abstract Light represents one of the most reliable environmental cues in the biological world. In this review we focus on the evolutionary consequences to changes in organismal photic environments, with a specific focus on the class Insecta. Particular emphasis is placed on transitional forms that can be used to track the evolution from (1) diurnal to nocturnal (dim-light) or (2) surface to subterranean (aphotic) environments, as well as (3) the ecological encroachment of anthropomorphic light on nocturnal habitats (artificial light at night). We explore the influence of the light environment in an integrated manner, highlighting the connections between phenotypic adaptations (behaviour, morphology, neurology and endocrinology), molecular genetics and their combined influence on organismal fitness.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Study of Nest Structure and Composition of the Weaver Ant Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) Delecta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2016 VOL. 50, NOS. 19–20, 1197–1207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1103912 A preliminary study of nest structure and composition of the weaver ant Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) delecta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) C. Tranter and W. O. H Hughes School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Polyrhachis weaver ants build their nests from vegetation bound Received 20 November 2014 together using silk produced by their larvae. Here we provide a Accepted 30 September 2015 pilot study of the composition and the physical structure of three Online 23 November 2015 arboreal silk nests of Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) delecta based on KEYWORDS examination of three colonies. We found broadly similar nest Nest architecture; colony architecture and size of the nests with each containing six or structure; silk girder; social seven identifiable chambers, and describe the distribution of insect; silk ants of different castes and life stages between them. We also note the construction of silk ‘girder’ structures, which spanned larger chambers, and we hypothesize that these provide addi- tional strength to the internal nest structure. This study highlights the importance of more detailed investigation of the internal nest structure and composition in Polyrhachis, and other weaver ant species, which will help to develop our understanding of this specialized form of nest construction and nesting habits in a diverse group of ants. Introduction The ability of social insects to locate suitable nesting sites and, through manipulation of the environment, to construct often highly complex nests is key to the success of the colony and of social insects in general (Hölldobler and Wilson 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Australasian Society for the Study of Animal Behaviour & the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (Australian Chapter)
    ASSAB 2007 AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR & THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIAL INSECTS (AUSTRALIAN CHAPTER) 12-15 April 2007 The Australian National University Canberra Venue Robertson Lecture Theatre Research School of Biological Sciences Building 46E Hosted by the Research School of Biological Sciences 2 Sponsored by the ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science (ACEVS) http://www.vision.edu.au/ LOCAL HOSTS: JOCHEN ZEIL Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences The Australian National University AJAY NARENDRA Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences The Australian National University ROB HEINSOHN Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies The Australian National University JAN HEMMI Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences The Australian National University RICHARD PETERS Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences The Australian National University WITH SPECIAL THANKS TO THE ASSAB TREASURER, XIMENA NELSON & THE ASSAB PRESIDENT PHIL TAYLOR FOR THEIR SUPPORT Thursday, 12 April Friday, 13 April Saturday, 14 April Sunday, 15 April 8:00 Plenary Lecture Tinbergen Centenary Lecture IUSSI Lecture 9:00 ASSAB 2007 Barbara Webb Chris Evans & Jochen Zeil Ryszard Maleszka 12 - 15 April 2007 09:30 09:30 09:30 Session 3: RSBS Session 8: Session 12: 10:00 SENSORY SYSTEMS & SOCIAL INSECTS I COMMUNICATION I HOMING & NAVIGATION Tea/CoffeeTea/Coffee Break Break Tea/Coffee Break 11:00 Session 9: FORAGING, COMPETITION & Session 4: LIFE HISTORIES I Session 13:
    [Show full text]
  • Frequency and Prevalence of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, and Asaia
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2013, Article ID 936341, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/936341 Research Article Bacterial Infections across the Ants: Frequency and Prevalence of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma,andAsaia Stefanie Kautz,1 Benjamin E. R. Rubin,1,2 and Corrie S. Moreau1 1 Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 2 Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Stefanie Kautz; [email protected] Received 21 February 2013; Accepted 30 May 2013 Academic Editor: David P. Hughes Copyright © 2013 Stefanie Kautz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Bacterial endosymbionts are common across insects, but we often lack a deeper knowledge of their prevalence across most organisms. Next-generation sequencing approaches can characterize bacterial diversity associated with a host and at the same time facilitate the fast and simultaneous screening of infectious bacteria. In this study, we used 16S rRNA tag encoded amplicon pyrosequencing to survey bacterial communities of 310 samples representing 221 individuals, 176 colonies and 95 species of ants. We found three distinct endosymbiont groups—Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsiales), Spiroplasma (Firmicutes: Entomoplasmatales),
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertação De Mestrado
    DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO FORMIGAS (HYMENOPTERA) COMO INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL EM MANGUEZAIS DA ILHA DE SANTA CATARINA, FLORIANÓPOLIS, SC Letícia Santos Maurício Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Benedito Cortês Lopes AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente aos meus pais, Maria de Lourdes Santos Maurício e Valdeli Dias Maurício, meus principais motivadores e inspiradores, presentes em todas as fases desse projeto, inclusive, como equipe de campo para várias coletas em locais de risco. Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Benedito Cortês Lopes, que aceitou me orientar nos quarenta e cinco minutos do segundo tempo, me auxiliou 100% na confecção do pré-projeto desenvolvido em curtíssimo tempo com o prazo finalizando. Sempre muito paciente me orientou com empenho, em um caminho totalmente novo para mim. Não poderia também deixar de agradecer à Professora Dra. Tânia Tarabini Castellani, que me acompanha há alguns bons anos, desde o tempo de bolsista PET-Biologia, até a entrada no Mestrado e agora na finalização. Com o prazo curtíssimo, ajudou-me a procurar um orientador com tema próximo ao que eu gostava de trabalhar e me trouxe até o caminho das formigas! Além de tudo isso, orientou-me quanto à amostragem dos dados de estrutura da vegetação. Agradeço muitíssimo aos amigos que me ajudaram nas coletas: Meus pais, meu tio Luís Maurício, Dieter Werner Westphall, Bruno Bicudo, aos meninos do Casarão da Dança, Rodrigo Machado Cardoso e Eduardo Costa Knoll (Lukita) que trocaram um sábado lindo de sol de praia para me acompanhar nas coletas, e às grandes amigas do mestrado Raquel Elise Müeller de Lima e Aline Oliveira Gonçalves que além da grande amizade, também me acompanharam em campo.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Improtance of Aquatic
    Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Abstract Improtance of aquatic insects in the world Hassan Vatandoost Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abstract: There are several orders of aquatic insects including Coll- embola – springtails, Ephemeroptera – mayflies, Odo- nata - dragonflies and damselflies, Plecoptera – stoneflies, Megaloptera - alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies, Neurop- tera – lacewings, Coleoptera – beetles, Hemiptera - true bugs (water striders, giant water bugs), Hymenoptera - ants (e.g. Polyrhachis sokolova) and wasps, Diptera - flies and mosqui- toes, Mecoptera – scorpionflies, Lepidoptera – moths, Trichoptera – caddisflies. Aquatic insect have significant in- terest by aquatic workers, dominance or abundance in fresh or marine water, their economic importance, their present lack of available information, importance in food chain and cine and Pharmacology. Professor Vatandoost has served as a food web, outdoor recreation activities (mosquito, black WHO advisor in different parts of the world. He is President flies, horseflies), pest of human and animals.The main hab- of the Iranian Scientific Society of Medical Entomology and it of them are: shallow streams, rivers, springs, large rivers, Vector Control, Editor-In-Chief of the Journal of Arthro- shallow standing water, clear pools, running water, sh slow pod-Borne Diseases. To date, he has presented a total of 162 moving rivers, turbulent stream, fast water, ponds, oxida- articles at international meetings, published a total of 180 tion lake, marshes, rice field,flood plains, pools, slimy pon- scientific papers in different international. dore, temporary pond, underside of stone, attach to plants ,marine, underside of leaves, warm stream, trees, rocks, Recent Publications: crevices, chalk stream, slow flow river, dray basin of tempo- 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Review] Speciation in Honor of M.J.D
    Myrmecological News 15 V-XXII Vienna, May 2011 Obituary Contributions by Ross Crozier on genetics and phylogeny of ants and other organisms Prof. Dr. Pekka Pamilo, Department of Biosciences, Box ogy, and he was supervised by William L. Brown Jr. He 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. completed his PhD in 1969 with a thesis entitled Genetic E-mail: [email protected] and phylogenetic studies on ants. The work was based on the best methods available at that time, karyotyping. While Myrmecol. News 15: V-XXII (online 24 June 2010) in Cornell, Ross was also supervised and influenced by one ISSN 1994-4136 (print), ISSN 1997-3500 (online) of the leading population geneticists, Bruce Wallace. Of Received 5 October 2010; accepted 6 October 2010 his teachers, Michael White had been influenced by J.B.S. Haldane at the University College London, and Bruce Wal- Abstract lace was a student of Theodosius Dobzhansky. We can thus In 1969, Ross Crozier completed his doctoral degree at Cornell see that his two academic grandfathers were central archi- University (USA). The title of his PhD thesis was Genetic and tects of the synthetic evolutionary theory. This was reflected phylogenetic studies on ants. During the following four decades in everything Ross did – he was always keen to under- he devoted his time to this same topic, and he also expanded his stand the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms and pro- research projects to include other social insects and many other cesses that underlie the patterns of current biodiversity. evolutionary questions. His active career came to a sudden and un- From Cornell Ross moved to Athens, University of Geor- expected stop when in November 2009 he died at his work place gia where he stayed until 1974.
    [Show full text]
  • RESEARCH ARTICLE Homing Abilities of the Australian Intertidal Ant Polyrhachis Sokolova
    3674 The Journal of Experimental Biology 216, 3674-3681 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi:10.1242/jeb.089649 RESEARCH ARTICLE Homing abilities of the Australian intertidal ant Polyrhachis sokolova Ajay Narendra1,*, Chloé A. Raderschall1 and Simon K. A. Robson2 1ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Research School of Biology, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia and 2Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) SUMMARY The pressure of returning to and locating the nest after a successful foraging trip is immense in ants. To find their way back home, ants use a number of different strategies (e.g. path integration, trail following) and rely on a range of cues (e.g. pattern of polarised skylight, landmark panorama) available in their environment. How ants weigh different cues has been a question of great interest and has primarily been addressed in the desert ants from Africa and Australia. We here identify the navigational abilities of an intertidal ant, Polyrhachis sokolova, that lives on mudflats where nests and foraging areas are frequently inundated with tidal water. We find that these solitary foraging ants rely heavily on visual landmark information for navigation, but they are also capable of path integration. By displacing ants with and without vector information at different locations within the local familiar territory, we created conflicts between information from the landmarks and information from the path integrator.
    [Show full text]
  • Lach Et Al 2009 Ant Ecology.Pdf
    Ant Ecology This page intentionally left blank Ant Ecology EDITED BY Lori Lach, Catherine L. Parr, and Kirsti L. Abbott 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX26DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # Oxford University Press 2010 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 978–0–19–954463–9 13579108642 Contents Foreword, Edward O.
    [Show full text]
  • Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 56 (2)
    Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 56 (2) © Queensland Museum 2013 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Director. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qm.qld.gov.au A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum Revision of Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) Wheeler, 1911 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) Rudolf J. KOHOUT Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. Email: [email protected] Citation: Kohout, R.J. 2013 06 30. Revision of Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) Wheeler, 1911 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Nature 56(2): 487–577. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 11 January 2013 ABSTRACT The subgenus Hagiomyrma Wheeler, 1911, of the genus Polyrhachis Fr. Smith, 1857, is revised. Forty-eight species are recognised, including sixteen previously described species: P. ammon (Fabricius), P. ammonoeides Roger, P. angusta Forel, P. crawleyi Forel, P. denticulata Karavaiev, P. lachesis Forel, P. lydiae Forel, P. metella Fr. Smith, P. paxilla Fr. Smith, P.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Fossil Record of Polyrhachis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae
    Pala¨ontol Z (2009) 83:431–438 DOI 10.1007/s12542-009-0035-3 RESEARCH PAPER The first fossil record of Polyrhachis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from the Upper Miocene of Crete (Greece) Torsten Wappler Æ Gennady M. Dlussky Æ Markus Reuter Received: 18 May 2008 / Accepted: 23 June 2009 / Published online: 7 July 2009 Ó Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Polyrhachis annosus n. sp., based on part and nicht vollsta¨ndig u¨berliefert, sprechen vor allem die counterpart of a unique ant worker specimen from Late Erhaltung von Stacheln am Mesosoma und Petiolus sowie Miocene deposits of the island of Crete (Greece), is figured das deutlich vergro¨ßerte erste Gastral-Segment fu¨r eine and described here. Features of P. annosus unique for the Zugeho¨rigkeit zur Gattung Polyrhachis. Polyrhachis large recent genus Polyrhachis include a large first gastral annosus n. sp.stellt den fossilen Erstnachweis der Gattung segment, a scapus attached at some distance from the dar. Rezent ist Polyrhachis eine der gro¨ßten und auffa¨l- clypeus, and an alitrunk (mesosoma) and petiole each with ligsten Ameisengattungen weltweit und nahe verwandte a pair of teeth or spines. The new taxon represents the first Taxa sind in tertia¨ren Bernsteinvorkommen bereits relativ occurrence of the genus in the fossil record. The origin and divers und gut dokumentiert. Darum gibt der mangelnde rise of one of the world’s largest and most distinct ant Fossilbericht von Polyrhachis Ra¨tsel auf. Interessanterweise genera are still a puzzle, and closely related genera are besta¨tigt die U¨ berlieferung von Polyrhachis-Arten im quite diverse in Tertiary amber deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Nesting Habits and Socioecology of the Ant Genus Polyrhachis Fr
    ASIAN MYRMECOLOGY Volume 1, 81 – 99, 2007 ISSN 1985-1944 © S.K.A.ROBSON & R.J. KOHOUT A review of the nesting habits and socioecology of the ant genus Polyrhachis Fr. Smith SIMON K.A. ROBSON1* & RUDOLF J. KOHOUT2 1School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University Queensland 4811, Australia *Corresponding author’s email : [email protected] 2Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane Queensland 4101, Australia Abstract. We provide a summary of the nesting and socioecological habits of 197 species of Polyrhachis ants. Nesting habits range from subterranean to terrestrial, lignicolous, lithocolous and arboreal with varying levels of consistency at the subgeneric level. Species are predominantly either subterranean or terrestrial nesting within the subgenera Campomyrma, Chariomyrma and Hagiomyrma; mainly arboreal nesting within Aulacomyrma, Cyrtomyrma, Hedomyrma, Hemioptica, Myrmatopa and Myrmothrinax; lignicolous within Hedomyrma, and variable within Myrma, Myrmhopla and Polyrhachis. The majority of species within a particular subgenus demonstrate a consistent nesting type but a few species can be highly variable, demonstrating both subterranean and arboreal habits. The inclusion of larval silk in the nests is correlated almost entirely with arboreal nesting, but the presence of spider silk in the nests of at least four species suggests caution when inferring silk origin. Pupal cocoons are present in all but Cyrtomyrma and Myrmatopa. Polydomy and polygyny are known from a number of species and may be more common in arboreal nesting species, but limited data sets prevent definitive interpretations at this time. Keywords: Polyrhachis, Formicidae, nesting ecology, socioecology, mating systems INTRODUCTION Studies of the socioecology of ants have provided an important framework for the testing The Old-World ant genus Polyrhachis Fr.
    [Show full text]