Efficacy of Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid in the Prevention of Infection and Dry Socket After Third Molar Extraction
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A Computational Drug Repositioning Case Study Prashant S. Kharkar1*, Ponnadurai Ramasami2, Yee S
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Discovery of Anti-Ebola Drugs: A Computational Drug Repositioning Case Study Prashant S. Kharkar1*, Ponnadurai Ramasami2, Yee Siew Choong3, Lydia Rhyman2 and Sona Warrier1 1SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400 056. INDIA. 2 Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius 3Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Contents Sr. No. Description Page No. 1 Table 1S 1 2 Figure 1S 28 3 Figure 2S 29 4 Figure 3S 30 5 Figure 4S 31 6 Figure 5S 32 Table 1S. Top hits (#100) identified from EON screening using query 1 Estimated Sr. EON_ Shape Free Energy Drug Structure ET_pb ET_coul ET_combo Rank No. Tanimoto of Binding (kcal/mol) OH O Br N O 1 1 S -9.88 HO O O O S O O 2 Sitaxentan S 0.633 0.914 0.926 0.294 1 -14.37 HN O Cl O N O HO 3 Alitretinoina 0.66 0.91 0.906 0.246 2 -3.91 NH 2 S N N O O HN 4 Ceftriaxone S 0.606 0.937 0.823 0.217 3 -12.33 N O S N O HO O N N O H O a 5 Acitretin O 0.637 0.936 0.809 0.172 4 -3.71 OH HO NH 2 HO N N 6 Cidofovir P O 0.473 0.633 0.783 0.31 5 -4.21 HO O O N N N N 7 Telmisartan 0.601 0.908 0.775 0.174 6 -6.46 OH O 8 Nateglinidea HN 0.54 0.874 0.745 0.205 7 -3.78 OH O O H N 2 S OH N O N S O 9 Ceftizoxime N 0.557 0.88 0.735 0.178 8 -11.35 H O N O OH O 10 Treprostinil OH 0.432 0.846 0.732 0.301 9 -3.41 O HO O O S -
Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020
First independent framework for assessing pharmaceutical company action Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Access to Medicine Foundation would like to thank the following people and organisations for their contributions to this report.1 FUNDERS The Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark research programme is made possible with financial support from UK AID and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Expert Review Committee Research Team Reviewers Hans Hogerzeil - Chair Gabrielle Breugelmans Christine Årdal Gregory Frank Fatema Rafiqi Karen Gallant Nina Grundmann Adrián Alonso Ruiz Hans Hogerzeil Magdalena Kettis Ruth Baron Hitesh Hurkchand Joakim Larsson Dulce Calçada Joakim Larsson Marc Mendelson Moska Hellamand Marc Mendelson Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda Kevin Outterson Katarina Nedog Sarah Paulin (Observer) Editorial Team Andrew Singer Anna Massey Deirdre Cogan ACCESS TO MEDICINE FOUNDATION Rachel Jones The Access to Medicine Foundation is an independent Emma Ross non-profit organisation based in the Netherlands. It aims to advance access to medicine in low- and middle-income Additional contributors countries by stimulating and guiding the pharmaceutical Thomas Collin-Lefebvre industry to play a greater role in improving access to Alex Kong medicine. Nestor Papanikolaou Address Contact Naritaweg 227-A For more information about this publication, please contact 1043 CB, Amsterdam Jayasree K. Iyer, Executive Director The Netherlands [email protected] +31 (0) 20 215 35 35 www.amrbenchmark.org 1 This acknowledgement is not intended to imply that the individuals and institutions referred to above endorse About the cover: Young woman from the Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark methodology, Brazil, where 40%-60% of infections are analyses or results. -
Summary of Product Characteristics
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Augmentin 125 mg/31.25 mg/5 ml powder for oral suspension Augmentin 250 mg/62.5 mg/5 ml powder for oral suspension 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION When reconstituted, every ml of oral suspension contains amoxicillin trihydrate equivalent to 25 mg amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate equivalent to 6.25 mg of clavulanic acid. Excipients with known effect Every ml of oral suspension contains 2.5 mg aspartame (E951). The flavouring in Augmentin contains maltodextrin (glucose) (see section 4.4). This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per ml, that is to say essentially ‘sodium- free’. When reconstituted, every ml of oral suspension contains amoxicillin trihydrate equivalent to 50 mg amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate equivalent to 12.5 mg of clavulanic acid. Excipients with known effect Every ml of oral suspension contains 2.5 mg aspartame (E951). The flavouring in Augmentin contains maltodextrin (glucose) (see section 4.4). This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per ml, that is to say essentially ‘sodium- free’. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Powder for oral suspension. Off-white powder. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Augmentin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections in adults and children (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1): • Acute bacterial sinusitis (adequately diagnosed) • Acute otitis media • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (adequately diagnosed) • Community acquired pneumonia • Cystitis • Pyelonephritis 2 • Skin and soft tissue infections in particular cellulitis, animal bites, severe dental abscess with spreading cellulitis • Bone and joint infections, in particular osteomyelitis. -
PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to the TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names INN which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service CAS registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. -
Ceftaroline in the Management of Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Community Acquired Pneumonia
Journal name: Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Article Designation: Review Year: 2015 Volume: 11 Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Dovepress Running head verso: Mpenge and MacGowan Running head recto: Ceftaroline in the management of cSSTI and CAP open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S75412 Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW Ceftaroline in the management of complicated skin and soft tissue infections and community acquired pneumonia Mbiye A Mpenge¹ Abstract: Ceftaroline is a new parenteral cephalosporin approved by the European Medicines Alasdair P MacGowan² Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of com- plicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) including those due to methicillin-resistant ¹Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Ceftaroline has Trust, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and exerts its bacteri- England; ²Department of Medical Microbiology, North Bristol NHS cidal effects by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), resulting in inhibition of bacterial Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, cell wall synthesis. It binds to PBP 2a of MRSA with high affinity and also binds to all six PBPs England in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In in vitro studies, ceftaroline demonstrated potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA and vancomycin-intermediate isolates), Streptococ- For personal use only. cus pneumoniae (including multidrug resistant isolates), Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and many common gram-negative pathogens, excluding extended spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Phase II and Phase III clinical trials, ceftaroline was noninferior to its comparator agents and demonstrated high clinical cure rates in the treatment of cSSTIs and CAP. -
AMEG Categorisation of Antibiotics
12 December 2019 EMA/CVMP/CHMP/682198/2017 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary use (CVMP) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union Answer to the request from the European Commission for updating the scientific advice on the impact on public health and animal health of the use of antibiotics in animals Agreed by the Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) 29 October 2018 Adopted by the CVMP for release for consultation 24 January 2019 Adopted by the CHMP for release for consultation 31 January 2019 Start of public consultation 5 February 2019 End of consultation (deadline for comments) 30 April 2019 Agreed by the Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) 19 November 2019 Adopted by the CVMP 5 December 2019 Adopted by the CHMP 12 December 2019 Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2020. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union Table of Contents 1. Summary assessment and recommendations .......................................... 3 2. Introduction ............................................................................................ 7 2.1. Background ........................................................................................................ -
Eml-2017-Antibacterials-Eng.Pdf
Consideration of antibacterial medicines as part of the revisions to 2017 WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for adults (EML) and Model List of Essential Medicines for children (EMLc) Section 6.2 Antibacterials including Access, Watch and Reserve Lists of antibiotics This summary has been prepared by the Health Technologies and Pharmaceuticals (HTP) programme at the WHO Regional Office for Europe. It is intended to communicate changes to the 2017 WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for adults (EML) and Model List of Essential Medicines for children (EMLc) to national counterparts involved in the evidence-based selection of medicines for inclusion in national essential medicines lists (NEMLs), lists of medicines for inclusion in reimbursement programs, and medicine formularies for use in primary, secondary and tertiary care. This document does not replace the full report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017 and this summary should be read in conjunction with the full report (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 1006; http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/259481/1/9789241210157-eng.pdf?ua=1). The revised lists of essential medicines (in English) are available as follows: 2017 WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for adults (EML) http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/20th_EML2017_FINAL_amend edAug2017.pdf?ua=1 2017 Model List of Essential Medicines for children (EMLc) http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/6th_EMLc2017_FINAL_amend edAug2017.pdf?ua=1 Summary of changes to Section 6.2 Antibacterials: Section 6 of the EML covers anti-infective medicines. Disease-specific subsections within Section 6, such as those covering medicines for tuberculosis, HIV, hepatitis and malaria, have been regularly reviewed and updated, taking into consideration relevant WHO treatment guidelines. -
Sinusitis (Acute): Antimicrobial Prescribing
Sinusitis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing NICE guideline Published: 27 October 2017 www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng79 © NICE 2021. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights (https://www.nice.org.uk/terms-and-conditions#notice-of- rights). Sinusitis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing (NG79) Your responsibility The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals and practitioners are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or the people using their service. It is not mandatory to apply the recommendations, and the guideline does not override the responsibility to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual, in consultation with them and their families and carers or guardian. Local commissioners and providers of healthcare have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual professionals and people using services wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with complying with those duties. Commissioners and providers have a responsibility to promote an environmentally sustainable health and care system and should assess and reduce the environmental impact of implementing NICE recommendations wherever possible. © NICE 2021. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights (https://www.nice.org.uk/terms-and- Page 2 of conditions#notice-of-rights). -
European Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units
TECHNICAL DOCUMENT European surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units HAI-Net ICU protocol Protocol version 1.02 www.ecdc.europa.eu ECDC TECHNICAL DOCUMENT European surveillance of healthcare- associated infections in intensive care units HAI-Net ICU protocol, version 1.02 This technical document of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Carl Suetens. In accordance with the Staff Regulations for Officials and Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union and the ECDC Independence Policy, ECDC staff members shall not, in the performance of their duties, deal with a matter in which, directly or indirectly, they have any personal interest such as to impair their independence. This is version 1.02 of the HAI-Net ICU protocol. Differences between versions 1.01 (December 2010) and 1.02 are purely editorial. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European surveillance of healthcare- associated infections in intensive care units – HAI-Net ICU protocol, version 1.02. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. Stockholm, March 2015 ISBN 978-92-9193-627-4 doi 10.2900/371526 Catalogue number TQ-04-15-186-EN-N © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2015 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. TECHNICAL DOCUMENT HAI-Net ICU protocol, version 1.02 Table of contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................... -
Package Leaflet
PACKAGE LEAFLET Package leaflet: Information for the user Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free 125mg / 5ml Powder for Oral Solution Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free 250mg / 5ml Powder for Oral Solution (Phenoxymethylpenicillin) Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you. - Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. - If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. - This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are the same as yours. - If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. What is in this leaflet: 1. What Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free Oral Solution is and what it is used for 2. What you need to know before you take Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free Oral Solution 3. How to take Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free Oral Solution 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free Oral Solution 6. Contents of the pack and other information 1. What Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free Oral Solution is and what it is used for Phenoxymethylpenicillin Sugar Free Oral Solution is available in two strengths as a powder for reconstitution. The strength you are given will be decided by your doctor. Phenoxymethylpenicillin, the active ingredient, is an antibiotic, which belongs to a group of medicines called penicillins, which are used to kill bacteria that cause infections in your body. Your medicine is used to: treat bacterial infections of the ear, throat, respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues prevent infections such as rheumatic fever or chorea recurring prevent pneumococcal infection (e.g. -
Vs. Long-Course Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
antibiotics Review Short- vs. Long-Course Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Anna Engell Holm * , Carl Llor, Lars Bjerrum and Gloria Cordoba Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (G.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +45-261-110-54 Received: 9 September 2020; Accepted: 21 October 2020; Published: 26 October 2020 Abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness of short courses of antibiotic therapy for patients with acute streptococcal pharyngitis. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing short-course antibiotic therapy ( 5 days) with long-course antibiotic therapy ( 7 days) for patients with ≤ ≥ streptococcal pharyngitis were included. Two primary outcomes: early clinical cure and early bacterial eradication. RESULTS: Fifty randomized clinical trials were included. Overall, short-course antibiotic treatment was as effective as long-course antibiotic treatment for early clinical cure (odds ratio (OR) 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 1.15). Subgroup analysis showed that short-course penicillin was less effective for early clinical cure (OR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.82) and bacteriological eradication (OR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.61) in comparison to long-course penicillin. Short-course macrolides were equally effective, compared to long-course penicillin. Finally, short-course cephalosporin was more effective for early clinical cure (OR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.96) and early microbiological cure (OR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.27) in comparison to long-course penicillin. -
Enzymatic Synthesis of Phenoxymethylpenicillin Using Erwinia Aroideae Enzyme
VOL. XXXVII NO. 10 THE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 1217 ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN USING ERWINIA AROIDEAE ENZYME Doo H. NAM and DEWEY D. Y. RYut* The Korea Advanced Institute of Science, Seoul, Korea 'University of California , Davis, CA 95616, USA (Received for publication February 21, 1984) Enzymatic synthesis of phenoxymethylpenicillin from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and pheno- xyacetic acid methyl ester was attempted by using partially purified a-acylamino-s-lactam acylhydrolase I (ALAHase I) enzyme from Enrinia aroideae NRRL B-138. The reaction rates were carefully followed by determination of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), phenoxy- methylpenicillin (PNV), phenoxyacetic acid (POA), phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (POM), and phenoxyacetylglycine (POG) using high performance liquid chromatography. Among the acyl donors tested, POM gave the highest yield (12.2% based on 6-APA). The overall con- version increased almost linearly with an increase in molar ratio of POM to 6-APA up to 4: 1. The effects of organic solvents on the overall yield were also evaluated. Some improvement of PNV yield was observed when ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetone were used. ALAHase I was found to carry out three reactions simultaneously: transfer of acyl group to acyl acceptor to form semisynthetic -lactam antibiotic; hydrolysis of acyl donor in amide or ester bond, and hydrolysis of semisynthetic lactam antibiotic which was produced by the enzyme. It was also observed that the hydrolysis reactions of POM and PNV were irreversible in this reaction system. The optimal pH for the three reactions was different. They were: pH 9.0 for POM hydrolysis, 6.8 for the transfer of phenoxyacetyl group to 6-APA, and 6.0 for the PNV hydro- lysis.