Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna)
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Aquilaria crassna – CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015
CITES Trade Database analysis has been conducted between 1996 and 2015. Re-export figures have been removed from analysis in the instance to prevent duplication. Both importer-reported figures and exporter-reported figures have been included within the assessments, however working under the assumption that importers report the number of permits used whereas exporters can report on the number of permits issued and therefore create discrepancies between reported figures. Trade does occur at the genus-level and has not been included in analysis. Most trade for each species occurs in kilograms, for species in which there is considerable trade in live specimens this has also been included. The assessments include the top three commodities exported in kilograms, the top three exporters and the top three importers. Importer-reported figures
Figure 1. Importer-reported figures for Aquilaria crassna (from the CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015).
The most commonly exported commodity in kilograms was powder (141,149 kg), followed by chips (93,080 kg). The largest exporters of powder during this period were Thailand and Viet Nam. Thailand was the most significant exporter of powder in kilograms (137,422 kg). o Of these exports a total of 10,002 kg was sourced from the wild. o 97,420 kg were exported from artificially propagated sources and the remaining 30,000 kg were exported under no source code. o The largest importer of powder in kilograms during this period were: Saudi Arabia (115,020 kg), United Arab Emirates (12,000 kg) and Viet Nam (10,300 kg). A total of 93,080 kg of chips were exported during this period of which 76,539 kg were from artificially propagated sources. Seven countries were found to export chips in kilograms: Thailand was the largest exporter (52,171.152 kg) most of which were reported from artificially propagated sources (51,270 kg). o The largest importers of chips in kilograms were: United Arab Emirates (32,518 kg), Singapore (27,836 kg) and India (15,000 kg). Live specimens
Figure 2. Live trade in Aquilaria crassna (from the CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015).
Importer-reported figures – Live Trade A total of 6,660 live specimens were exported between 1996 and 2015. o Malaysia was the largest exporter of live specimens (2,500) all were sourced from the wild, followed by Thailand (2,010) and Lao PDR (2,000), all from artificially propagated sources. o The top three importers of live specimens were: Brunei Darussalam (2,500), Hong Kong (2,000) and Thailand (2,000).
Exporter-reported figures – Live Trade There are large discrepancies between importer and exporter reported figures for trade in live A. crassna specimens. Between 1996 and 2015 a total of 4,033,480 live specimens were exported, all from artificially propagated sources. o Only three countries were found to export live specimens during this period: Thailand (2,904,412), Viet Nam (1,128,968) and Cambodia (100) o The top three importers of live specimens were: China (1,327,600), Indonesia (1,036,700) and Lao PDR (780,300). Exporter-reported figures
Figure 3. Exporter-reported figures for Aquilaria crassna (from the CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015).
The top three exported commodities in kilograms from exporter-reported figures were: Powder (1,718,302 kg), Chips (493,146 kg) and Sawn Wood (308,106 kg). The largest exporters of powder during this period were Thailand (1,632,570 kg) and Viet Nam (85,660 kg), all of which were from artificially propagated sources. o The top three importers of powder in kilograms during this period were: Taiwan (1,086,931 kg), United Arab Emirates (171,609 kg) and (159,874 kg). The largest exporters of chips were: Viet Nam (314,427 kg), all from artificially propagated sources and Thailand (178,536 kg) of which only 316 kg were wild sourced. o The top three importers of chips in kilograms during this period were: China (108,353 kg), Malaysia (85,693 kg) and Taiwan (67,164 kg) The largest exporters of sawn wood were: Thailand (305,101 kg) and Viet Nam (3,005 kg), all from artificially propagated sources. o The top three importers of sawn wood in kilograms during this period were: Taiwan (176,857 kg), China (52,697 kg) and Saudi Arabia (34,952 kg).