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Etude Du Bloc De Réception Dans Un Terminal UMTS-FDD Et Développement D’Une Méthodologie De Codesign En Vue Du Fonctionnement En Temps Réel

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Etude Du Bloc De Réception Dans Un Terminal UMTS-FDD Et Développement D’Une Méthodologie De Codesign En Vue Du Fonctionnement En Temps Réel Etude du bloc de réception dans un terminal UMTS-FDD et développement d’une méthodologie de codesign en vue du fonctionnement en temps réel. Eric Batut To cite this version: Eric Batut. Etude du bloc de réception dans un terminal UMTS-FDD et développement d’une méthodologie de codesign en vue du fonctionnement en temps réel.. Traitement du signal et de l’image [eess.SP]. Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble - INPG, 2002. Français. tel-00512307 HAL Id: tel-00512307 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512307 Submitted on 29 Aug 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE No attribué par la bibliothèque | / / / / / / / / / / THESE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L'INPG Spécialité : Signal, Image, Parole, Télécom préparée au laboratoire LIS de Grenoble dans le cadre de l'Ecole Doctorale Electronique, Electrotechnique, Automatique, Télécommunications, Signal présentée et soutenue publiquement par Eric BATUT le Lundi 3 Juin 2002 Etude du bloc de réception dans un terminal UMTS-FDD et développement d'une méthodologie de codesign en vue du fonctionnement en temps réel. Directeur de thèse : Geneviève Jourdain Composition du Jury : M. Jean-Marc Dolmazon Président M. Pierre Duhamel Rapporteur M. Eric Martin Rapporteur Mme Geneviève Jourdain Directeur de thèse Mme Marylin Arndt Co-directeur de thèse M. Jean-Claude Bic Examinateur Remerciements En premier lieu, je tiens à remercier chaleureusement Patrice Senn et Marylin Arndt de m'avoir accueilli au sein du laboratoire DIH/OCF, anciennement DTM/CET, et de m'y avoir offert un environnement de travail extrêmement enrichissant. Merci à Geneviève Jourdain d'avoir accepté d'encadrer ce travail de thèse à distance en plus de ses autres charges au sein du laboratoire LIS, et d'avoir fait le nécessaire pour faciliter autant que possible la laborieuse finalisation de ce mémoire. Merci à Eric Martin et Pierre Duhamel d'avoir accepté d'être rapporteurs de ce travail, ainsi qu’à Jean-Claude Bic et Jean-Marc Dolmazon d'avoir accepté de faire partie du jury. Merci à tous les thésards (Yvan, Pascal, Christophe, Thierry, Sandrine, Alexandre, Hélène, Sébastien, Joumana, Laurent, Bruno, Vincent, Fayçal, Carolynn, David et Salvatore) et sta- giaires (Myriam, Yves (l'homme polyphase), Mathieu, Vincent le movie-addict, Dimitri, Jean, Florent, Jérôme et last but not least, Stéphane) ayant transité par DTM/CET puis DIH/OCF d'avoir entretenu et de continuer à entretenir un espace d'échange et de discussion aussi bien technique que non-technique, ainsi qu’à Cathy et Martine (avec une pensée pour Annick) pour leur essentielle contribution au fonctionnement général du laboratoire. Enfin, sans ordre de préférence, et sûrement avec quelques oublis, merci à ma famille et à ma belle-famille pour l'encouragement et le support actif, à Benoît pour son talent de relecteur et sa généreuse contribution à l'atmosphère du bureau E002, aux Miscopes en général pour les trips Ikéa, aux Roux-Rob' pour les déménagements, aux Dabés pour les apéros, aux Ducs pour le Jorky, aux Ugrantes, à Yvan et au Mab' pour le squash, à Lionel et Peggy pour le wooby-call, aux Fraissinets, à Joke et Rabia pour la soirée at Home, à Mit et Milooze pour la demi-beubar, à Olibli (champion de tennis) pour ses mails désinhibants, à Manoul pour la coupe disco de sa fille, à Stéph (la Fouine "foot on the desk + œil révulsé") et Anne-Laure (mon royaume pour une Lotus Elise) pour les pixel sessions (spéciale dédicace à Gontso et à "Il est pas bon ton café !"), à la Voix du Denis (merci la chaîne rouillée), et enfin à Kevin, Steven, Abdel-Aziz et Katja de la Place d'Clichy pour des éclats de rire téléphoniques réitérables à l’infini. Enfin, un immense merci à Caroline et Augustin pour m'avoir supporté à travers tout ça, et surtout pour tout le reste. i ii Résumé L'UMTS est un nouveau standard de radiocommunications mobiles destiné à résoudre les problèmes des actuels réseaux de deuxième génération, proches localement de la saturation et limités dans leur offre de services multimédias par les faibles débits utiles supportés. L'UMTS représente une rupture technologique importante et nécessite un effort particulier pour la réa- lisation des équipements, car la complexité des traitements à effectuer a augmenté dans des proportions considérables. Les terminaux 3G, par exemple, devront embarquer une puissance de calcul supérieure de plus d'un ordre de grandeur à celle embarquée par leurs prédécesseurs. Après avoir introduit l'UMTS et une de ses interfaces radios, le Wideband CDMA, nous avons identifié l'estimation par le terminal du canal radiomobile par lequel a transité le signal émis par la station de base comme étant une des tâches susceptibles d'entraîner le plus grand nombre d'opérations à effectuer. Une solution originale à ce problème est proposée sous la forme d'un algorithme d'estimation itérative de canal à suppression de trajets. La complexité calculatoire de cet algorithme a l'inconvénient majeur de varier avec le carré du facteur de suréchantillonnage, ce qui empêche de travailler avec une valeur élevée de celui-ci, et par consé- quent ne permet pas d'obtenir une grande précision quant à l'estimation des instants d'arrivée des trajets. Ce problème est résolu en introduisant une version optimisée de cet algorithme, dont la complexité varie linéairement avec le facteur de suréchantillonnage. Conserver une com- plexité raisonnable tout en travaillant avec des facteurs de suréchantillonnage élevés devient réaliste, ce qui permet d'accéder à coût égal à une précision plus élevée qu'avec l'algorithme origininal. De plus, cette optimisation simplifie les opérations élémentaires effectuées par l'algo- rithme, ce qui a pour conséquence de rendre son implémentation sur une architecture hybride matérielle-logicielle plus efficace que son implémentation sur un seul processeur de signal. Une méthodologie de conception au niveau système est ensuite proposée pour réaliser cette architecture hybride dans un but de prototypage rapide. Cette méthodologie, bâtie autour du logiciel N2C, de la société CoWare, utilise un langage de haut niveau, surensemble du langage C auquel ont été rajoutées les constructions nécessaires pour décrire des architectures matérielles. L'algorithme est partitionné en une partie logicielle s'exécutant sur un cœur de DSP ST100 et un coprocesseur réalisé en logique câblée. De sévères incompatibilités logicielles ont empêché la réalisation de cette architecture hybride selon la méthodologie proposée, mais des résultats intéressants ont néanmoins été obtenus à partir d'une implémentation purement logicielle de l'algorithme proposé. L'architecture obtenue avec l'application des premières étapes de la méthodologie proposée à l'algorithme d'estimation de canal est décrite, ainsi que quelques suggestions faites à la société CoWare, Inc. pour l'amélioration de leur outil. Enfin, l'adéquation de la méthodologie proposée à un environnement de prototypage rapide est discutée et des pistes pour la réalisation d'un éventuel démonstrateur sont données. iii iv Abstract UMTS is a new radiocommunication standard aimed at solving today's second generation networks' problems that are local saturation and slow bitrates. UMTS and previous networks sharing close to nothing regarding the radio link, network equipments as well as user equipments must be rebuilt from scratch. User equipments, in particular, must embed a lot more processing power than their older counterparts. After having introduced UMTS and the first to-be-deployed of its radio interfaces, the Wideband CDMA, we determined that the channel estimation prior to the Rake combining, assuming the receiver uses this well-known receiver structure, is the most complex task to be performed by the user equipment. An algorithmic solution to this problem is proposed through an iterative channel estimation algorithm which suppresses identified paths before trying to find new ones in the considered time window. This algorithm has a major drawback : its computational complexity varies quadratically with the oversampling factor, and thus forbids to work with high oversampling factors, which are the key to a precise channel delay estimation. An optimized version of this algorithme is proposed, whose complexity scales linearly with the oversampling factor, against a quadratic variation for the original one, and who does not cause a noticeable performance loss. The optimized channel estimation algorithm is therefore suitable for a constrained environment such as a user equipment. Furthermore, the performed optimization has the side effect of making the proposed algorithm much more suitable for a hybrid hardware-software implementation than for a pure software one. A system-level design flow is then proposed to realize this hybrid architecture while kee- ping a fast prototyping approach in mind. This methodology revolves around CoWare's N2C environment and uses a superset of the C language called CoWareC. CoWareC includes several constructs needed to describe partitionned systems and hardware structures. The proposed al- gorithm is mapped onto a hybrid architecture composed of a ST100 DSP core and a hardware coprocessor. Due to major software issues, this hybrid implementation could not be developped following the proposed methodology, but interesting results were nonetheless obtained from a pure software implementation. The application of the first steps of the proposed methodology to the channel estimation algorithm yielded interesting results and suggestions for the improve- ment of the N2C tool. Then, hints are given for the development of a real hybrid prototype and the adequation of the proposed methodology to a fast prototyping environment is discussed.
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