UPPER LIMBS ANATOMY DR ABDOLLAHI
Bones of the Upper Limb
Shoulder Girdle Upper Arm (Brachium) Forearm (Antebrachium) Hand (Manus) Clavicle
2 Surfaces Superior & Inferior
2 Borders Anterior & Posterior
Medial (Sternal) & 2 Ends Lateral (Acromial)
Scapula
2 Surfaces Anterior & Posterior
Superior, Lateral and 3 Borders Medial
3 Angles Superior , Lateral and Inferior
2 Process Coracoid & Acromion
Humerus Head Proximal End Neck (Anatomical & Surgical) Tuberosity (Greater & Lesser)
3 Borders (Ant.,Med. & Lat ) Body 3 Surfaces (Med., Lat. & Post.)
Non-articular 2 Epicondyle (Med.&Lat.) & 3 Distal End Foosa (coronoid, radial, olecranon) Articular Capitulum & Trochlear
Radius Head Proximal End Neck Radial ( Bicipital ) Tuberosity
3 Borders: Anterior, Posterior & Medial (Interosseus) Shaft ( Body ) 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Posterior & Lateral
5 Surfaces : Anterior, Posterior Distal End Medial, Lateral & Inferior 1 Process : Styloid
Ulna 2 Process : Coronoid & Proximal End Olecranon 2 Notch : Trochlear & Radial
3 Borders: Anterior, Posterior & Lateral (Interosseus) Shaft ( Body ) 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Posterior & Medial
Head Distal End 1 Process : Styloid
Hand (Manus)
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triqutrum & Pisiform Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate & Hamate The Phalanges The Sesamoid Bones (Patela)
LOWER LIMBS ANATOMY DR ABDOLLAHI Bones of the Lower Limb Pelvic Girdle Thigh Leg Foot Hip (Innominate or Coxae)
Hip Bone
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium Hip Bone as a whole
2 Surfaces Lateral and Medial
Superior, Inferior 5 Borders Anterior, Posterior and Medial
4 Angles Antrosuperior, Antroinfeior Postrosuperior, Postroinferior
1 Cavity Acetabulum
1 Foramen Obturator
Ilium
2 Surfaces Lateral and Medial
3 Borders Anterior, Posterior and Medial
Superior (Iliac Crest) 2 Ends Inferior Pubis 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Posterior and Medial Body 1 Border (Pubic Crest) 1 Tubercle (Pubic Tubercle)
2 Ramus 3 Borders: Superior, Anterior and inferior
Superior 3 Surfaces: Superior (Pectineal) Posterior (Pelvic) Anterior (Obturator)
2 Borders: Superior and inferior Inferior 2 Surfaces: Anterior (Lateral) Posterior (Medial) Ischium
3 Surfaces: Posterior, Lateral and Medial Body 3 Border: Posterior, Lateral and Anterior
2 Borders: Superior and inferior Ramus 2 Surfaces: Anterior (Lateral) Posterior (Medial)
Upper (Formed Post. Part of Acetabulum) 2 Ends Lower (Ischial Tuberosity)
Bony Pelvis
Bnoy Pelvic formed by 4 bones The joints of Pelvic Girdle Pelvic Brim or Pelvic Inlet or Superior Aperature Greater (False) Pelvic & Lesser (True) Pelvic Anatomic Position:
Upper border of Symphsis Pubic Ischial Spine Tip of Coccyx Head of Femur Are at the same level Greater Trochanter Greater (False) Pelvic Bounded by:
Lumbar Vertebrae: Posterioly Illiac Fossa & Illacus Muscle: Lateraly Lower Abdominal Wall: Anterioly Lesser (True) Pelvic Bounded by:
Sacrum, Coccyx, Piriformis m & Covering of Parietal Facia: Posterior Wall Pelvic Diaphragm: Inferior Wall (Floor) Pelvic Brim or Pelvic Inlet or Superior Aperature
Upper border of symphysis pubic; anterior Promontrium + Ala of sacrum; posterior Terminal Line; lateral Terminal Line: Arcuate line + Pectineal line + Pubic crest Arcuate line: inferior part of Medial border of Hip Structure of Pelvic (True) Cavity
Anterior Wall: shorter, posterior surface of pubic bones & pubic symphisis Lateral Wall: Hip bone below the pelvic inlet, Superior & Inferior Rami of pubis, Ischium and its ramus Posterior Wall: Sacrum & Coccyx Pelvic Outlet (Inferior Aperature)
Lower part of pubic arch: Anterior Top of Coccyx: Posterior Conjuind Ischiopubic rami, Ischial tubersity & Sacrotuberous lig: Lateral Conjugate Diameter
I. From upper border of symphysis pubic to sacarl promentory; True Conjugate- measured by radiologically II. From lower border of symphysis pubic to sacarl promentory; Diagonal Conjugate- measured by vaginal examination Some Differences Between Male & Female Hip
Parameter Male Female General Appearance Heavy,Thick,Stronge Light,Thin,Less prominents prominents Iliac Fossa More deep Less deep Greater Sciatic Notch Narrower Wider
Lesser Sciatic Notch More deep Less deep Ischial Spine Invert Evert Acetabular Cavity Larger Smaller
Obturator Foramen Larger & Oval Smaller & Triangular
Femur Bone Head and Neck Proximal End Trochanter (Greater & Lesser) Intertrochanteric Line & Crest
3 Borders: Lateral, Medial & Posterior (Linea Aspera) Shaft or Body 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Lateral & Medial
2 Condyle: Lateral & Medial Distal End 1 Notch: Intercondylar Notch 1 Surface: Patellar
Tibia Bone
2 Condoyle: Lat. & Med. Proximal End Tibial Tuberosity
3 Borders: Anterior (Shin), Lat. (Interosseus), Med. Shaft or Body 3 Surfaces: Med., Lat. & Post.
5 Surfaces: Ant. ,Post. ,Med. Distal End ,Lat. & Inf. 1 Malleolus (Medial)
Fibula Bone
Head: Apex Proximal End Neck
3 Borders: Ant., Post. & Med. (Interosseus) Shaft or Body 3 Surfaces: Ant. or Med. (Narrow) , Lat. & Post. (Largest)
4 Surfaces: Distal End Ant. (Rounded) (Lat Malleolus) Post. (Groove) Med. (Articular Facet) Lat. (Subcutaneous)
Tarsal Bone
Talus Proximal Row Calcaneus
Middle Row Navicular
Medial to Lateral: Medial Cuneiform Distal Row Intermediate Cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform Cuboid
Joints
Bones are connected to each other by joints Joints classification: Fibrous Joint: Syndesmoses : Interosseous membrane Sutures; Sagital suture Gomphoses; Dental Socket ChondrosisJoint; Synchondroses; Xiphosternal joint Symphysis; symphysispubice Dyarthrosis