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Upper Limbs Anatomy Dr Abdollahi

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Upper Limbs Anatomy Dr Abdollahi UPPER LIMBS ANATOMY DR ABDOLLAHI Bones of the Upper Limb Shoulder Girdle Upper Arm (Brachium) Forearm (Antebrachium) Hand (Manus) Clavicle 2 Surfaces Superior & Inferior 2 Borders Anterior & Posterior Medial (Sternal) & 2 Ends Lateral (Acromial) Scapula 2 Surfaces Anterior & Posterior Superior, Lateral and 3 Borders Medial 3 Angles Superior , Lateral and Inferior 2 Process Coracoid & Acromion Humerus Head Proximal End Neck (Anatomical & Surgical) Tuberosity (Greater & Lesser) 3 Borders (Ant.,Med. & Lat ) Body 3 Surfaces (Med., Lat. & Post.) Non-articular 2 Epicondyle (Med.&Lat.) & 3 Distal End Foosa (coronoid, radial, olecranon) Articular Capitulum & Trochlear Radius Head Proximal End Neck Radial ( Bicipital ) Tuberosity 3 Borders: Anterior, Posterior & Medial (Interosseus) Shaft ( Body ) 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Posterior & Lateral 5 Surfaces : Anterior, Posterior Distal End Medial, Lateral & Inferior 1 Process : Styloid Ulna 2 Process : Coronoid & Proximal End Olecranon 2 Notch : Trochlear & Radial 3 Borders: Anterior, Posterior & Lateral (Interosseus) Shaft ( Body ) 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Posterior & Medial Head Distal End 1 Process : Styloid Hand (Manus) Scaphoid, Lunate, Triqutrum & Pisiform Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate & Hamate The Phalanges The Sesamoid Bones (Patela) LOWER LIMBS ANATOMY DR ABDOLLAHI Bones of the Lower Limb Pelvic Girdle Thigh Leg Foot Hip (Innominate or Coxae) Hip Bone Ilium Pubis Ischium Hip Bone as a whole 2 Surfaces Lateral and Medial Superior, Inferior 5 Borders Anterior, Posterior and Medial 4 Angles Antrosuperior, Antroinfeior Postrosuperior, Postroinferior 1 Cavity Acetabulum 1 Foramen Obturator Ilium 2 Surfaces Lateral and Medial 3 Borders Anterior, Posterior and Medial Superior (Iliac Crest) 2 Ends Inferior Pubis 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Posterior and Medial Body 1 Border (Pubic Crest) 1 Tubercle (Pubic Tubercle) 2 Ramus 3 Borders: Superior, Anterior and inferior Superior 3 Surfaces: Superior (Pectineal) Posterior (Pelvic) Anterior (Obturator) 2 Borders: Superior and inferior Inferior 2 Surfaces: Anterior (Lateral) Posterior (Medial) Ischium 3 Surfaces: Posterior, Lateral and Medial Body 3 Border: Posterior, Lateral and Anterior 2 Borders: Superior and inferior Ramus 2 Surfaces: Anterior (Lateral) Posterior (Medial) Upper (Formed Post. Part of Acetabulum) 2 Ends Lower (Ischial Tuberosity) Bony Pelvis Bnoy Pelvic formed by 4 bones The joints of Pelvic Girdle Pelvic Brim or Pelvic Inlet or Superior Aperature Greater (False) Pelvic & Lesser (True) Pelvic Anatomic Position: Upper border of Symphsis Pubic Ischial Spine Tip of Coccyx Head of Femur Are at the same level Greater Trochanter Greater (False) Pelvic Bounded by: Lumbar Vertebrae: Posterioly Illiac Fossa & Illacus Muscle: Lateraly Lower Abdominal Wall: Anterioly Lesser (True) Pelvic Bounded by: Sacrum, Coccyx, Piriformis m & Covering of Parietal Facia: Posterior Wall Pelvic Diaphragm: Inferior Wall (Floor) Pelvic Brim or Pelvic Inlet or Superior Aperature Upper border of symphysis pubic; anterior Promontrium + Ala of sacrum; posterior Terminal Line; lateral Terminal Line: Arcuate line + Pectineal line + Pubic crest Arcuate line: inferior part of Medial border of Hip Structure of Pelvic (True) Cavity Anterior Wall: shorter, posterior surface of pubic bones & pubic symphisis Lateral Wall: Hip bone below the pelvic inlet, Superior & Inferior Rami of pubis, Ischium and its ramus Posterior Wall: Sacrum & Coccyx Pelvic Outlet (Inferior Aperature) Lower part of pubic arch: Anterior Top of Coccyx: Posterior Conjuind Ischiopubic rami, Ischial tubersity & Sacrotuberous lig: Lateral Conjugate Diameter I. From upper border of symphysis pubic to sacarl promentory; True Conjugate- measured by radiologically II. From lower border of symphysis pubic to sacarl promentory; Diagonal Conjugate- measured by vaginal examination Some Differences Between Male & Female Hip Parameter Male Female General Appearance Heavy,Thick,Stronge Light,Thin,Less prominents prominents Iliac Fossa More deep Less deep Greater Sciatic Notch Narrower Wider Lesser Sciatic Notch More deep Less deep Ischial Spine Invert Evert Acetabular Cavity Larger Smaller Obturator Foramen Larger & Oval Smaller & Triangular Femur Bone Head and Neck Proximal End Trochanter (Greater & Lesser) Intertrochanteric Line & Crest 3 Borders: Lateral, Medial & Posterior (Linea Aspera) Shaft or Body 3 Surfaces: Anterior, Lateral & Medial 2 Condyle: Lateral & Medial Distal End 1 Notch: Intercondylar Notch 1 Surface: Patellar Tibia Bone 2 Condoyle: Lat. & Med. Proximal End Tibial Tuberosity 3 Borders: Anterior (Shin), Lat. (Interosseus), Med. Shaft or Body 3 Surfaces: Med., Lat. & Post. 5 Surfaces: Ant. ,Post. ,Med. Distal End ,Lat. & Inf. 1 Malleolus (Medial) Fibula Bone Head: Apex Proximal End Neck 3 Borders: Ant., Post. & Med. (Interosseus) Shaft or Body 3 Surfaces: Ant. or Med. (Narrow) , Lat. & Post. (Largest) 4 Surfaces: Distal End Ant. (Rounded) (Lat Malleolus) Post. (Groove) Med. (Articular Facet) Lat. (Subcutaneous) Tarsal Bone Talus Proximal Row Calcaneus Middle Row Navicular Medial to Lateral: Medial Cuneiform Distal Row Intermediate Cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform Cuboid Joints Bones are connected to each other by joints Joints classification: Fibrous Joint: Syndesmoses : Interosseous membrane Sutures; Sagital suture Gomphoses; Dental Socket ChondrosisJoint; Synchondroses; Xiphosternal joint Symphysis; symphysispubice Dyarthrosis .
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