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Universidad Nacional De Tucumán UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TUCUMÁN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES E INSTITUTO MIGUEL LILLO La Evolución de la Mano de Squamata: Perspectivas Ecológicas y Funcionales Tesista: Lic. Gabriela Fontanarrosa Tesis presentada para optar al Título de Doctora en Ciencias Biológicas Directora: Dra. Virginia Abdala Director Asociado: Dr. Norberto P. Giannini San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina Año 2017 Comisión de Supervisión Dra. Adriana Manzano Dr. Ezequiel Aráoz Contenido Contenido ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Resumen ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Organización General de esta Tesis ................................................................................................................... 12 Referencias Internas ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Índice de Figuras ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Índice de Tablas ................................................................................................................................................. 19 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL.......................................................................................................................... 21 Resumen ........................................................................................................................................................................ 22 La mano: Breve reseña sobre su origen, su estructura, su evolución y sus implicancias ecológicas ............................ 23 El caso de estudio: Squamata en general y lagartijas en particular .............................................................................. 27 Origen y Evolución de la prensilidad ............................................................................................................................. 30 Demandas ambientales del eco-espacio arbóreo ......................................................................................................... 32 Procesos y patrones micro y macroevolutivos en la relación forma- función-ambiente. ............................................ 32 Patrones Macroevolutivos (Fig. 0.4) .............................................................................................................................. 36 CAPÍTULO 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 Forma. Morfología de Huesos y Articulaciones de la Mano en Squamata ....................................................... 39 Resumen ........................................................................................................................................................................ 40 Introducción .................................................................................................................................................................. 42 Osteología general ......................................................................................................................................................... 42 Artrología .................................................................................................................................................................. 42 Sesamoides ............................................................................................................................................................... 45 Túnel Carpiano .......................................................................................................................................................... 48 Materiales y Métodos.................................................................................................................................................... 49 Adquisición de datos ................................................................................................................................................. 49 Análisis de datos ....................................................................................................................................................... 55 Resultados ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Osteología y artrología ............................................................................................................................................. 57 1 Carpo ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Metacarpo .............................................................................................................................................................. 65 Falanges ................................................................................................................................................................. 74 Túnel carpiano ........................................................................................................................................................... 91 El Hueso Pisiforme en Squamata (Fig. 1.17. A-B). El hueso pisiforme corresponde a un sesamoide embebido en virtud de estar incluido en el tendón flexor del extensor carpi ulnaris (Fig. 1.17.A-B). Tiene una frecuencia de 100% estando presente en todos los especímenes considerados en esta tesis, aún en los taxa con manos altamente modificadas en las que se pierden elementos carpales, metacarpales y digitales. ....... 95 Discusión ...................................................................................................................................................................... 118 CAPÍTULO 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 130 Función. La función prensilidad y sus características en Squamata .............................................................. 130 Resumen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 131 La Prensilidad ............................................................................................................................................................... 132 Definiciones de Prensilidad ......................................................................................................................................... 134 Taxonomía de la prensilidad manual ........................................................................................................................... 149 CAPÍTULO 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 160 Uso Diferencial de Prensiones en Lagartijas del Género Norops. Experiencia piloto en la Estación Biológica “La Selva” (Heredia, Costa Rica). ................................................................................................... 160 Resumen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 161 Introducción ................................................................................................................................................................ 162 Materiales y métodos .................................................................................................................................................. 166 Ejemplares ............................................................................................................................................................... 166 Toma de datos ......................................................................................................................................................... 168 Análisis de datos ..................................................................................................................................................... 168 Resultados ................................................................................................................................................................... 170 Versatilidad en el Uso de Prensiones ..................................................................................................................... 171 Discusión .....................................................................................................................................................................
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