China AI-Brain Research BRAIN-INSPIRED AI, CONNECTOMICS, BRAIN- COMPUTER INTERFACES 類 AUTHORS Wm
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Reconstruction and Simulation of the Cerebellar Microcircuit: a Scaffold Strategy to Embed Different Levels of Neuronal Details
Reconstruction and simulation of the cerebellar microcircuit: a scaffold strategy to embed different levels of neuronal details Claudia Casellato, Elisa Marenzi, Stefano Casali, Chaitanya Medini, Alice Geminiani, Alessandra Pedrocchi, Egidio D’Angelo Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy Computational models allow propagating microscopic phenomena into large‐scale networks and inferencing causal relationships across scales. Here we reconstruct the cerebellar circuit by bottom‐up modeling, reproducing the peculiar properties of this structure, which shows a quasi‐crystalline geometrical organization well defined by convergence/divergence ratios of neuronal connections and by the anisotropic 3D orientation of dendritic and axonal processes [1]. Therefore, a cerebellum scaffold model has been developed and tested. It maintains scalability and can be flexibly handled to incorporate neuronal properties on multiple scales of complexity. The cerebellar scaffold includes the canonical neuron types: Granular cell, Golgi cell, Purkinje cell, Stellate and Basket cells, Deep Cerebellar Nuclei cell. Placement was based on density and encumbrance values, connectivity on specific geometry of dendritic and axonal fields, and on distance‐based probability. In the first release, spiking point‐neuron models based on Integrate&Fire dynamics with exponential synapses were used. The network was run in the neural simulator pyNEST. Complex spatiotemporal patterns of activity, similar to those observed in vivo, emerged [2]. For a second release of the microcircuit model, an extension of the generalized Leaky Integrate&Fire model has been developed (E‐GLIF), optimized for each cerebellar neuron type and inserted into the built scaffold [3]. -
Top 10 Emerging Technologies 2019
Insight Report Top 10 Emerging Technologies 2019 June 2019 World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212 Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744 Email: [email protected] www.weforum.org © 2019 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. Contents Introduction 4 The top 10 emerging technologies for 5 2019 1. Bioplastics for a Circular 6 Economy 2. Social Robots 7 3. Tiny Lenses for Miniature 8 Devices 4. Disordered Proteins as Drug 9 Targets 5. Smarter Fertilizers Can Reduce 10 Environmental Contamination 6. Collaborative Telepresence 11 7. Advanced Food Tracking and 12 Packaging 8. Safer Nuclear Reactors 13 9. DNA Data Storage 14 10. Utility-Scale Storage of 15 Renewable Energy Acknowledgements 16 Steering Committee 16 Guest Authors 16 Report Team 16 Production Team 16 Top 10 Emerging Technologies 2019 3 Introduction World-changing technologies that are poised to rattle the status quo One day soon an emerging technology highlighted in this report will allow you to virtually teleport to a distant site and actually feel the handshakes and hugs of fellow cyber-travellers. Also close to becoming commonplace: humanoid (and animaloid) robots designed to socialize with people; a system for pinpointing the source of a food-poisoning outbreak in seconds; minuscule lenses that will pave the way for diminutive cameras and other devices; strong, biodegradable plastics that can be fashioned from otherwise useless plant wastes; DNA-based data storage systems that will reliably stow ginormous amounts of information; and much more. -
Neural Network Transformation and Co-Design Under Neuromorphic Hardware Constraints
NEUTRAMS: Neural Network Transformation and Co-design under Neuromorphic Hardware Constraints Yu Ji ∗, YouHui Zhang∗‡, ShuangChen Li†,PingChi†, CiHang Jiang∗,PengQu∗,YuanXie†, WenGuang Chen∗‡ Email: [email protected], [email protected] ∗Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, PR.China † Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, USA ‡ Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, PR.China Abstract—With the recent reincarnations of neuromorphic (CMP)1 with a Network-on-Chip (NoC) has emerged as a computing comes the promise of a new computing paradigm, promising platform for neural network simulation, motivating with a focus on the design and fabrication of neuromorphic chips. many recent studies of neuromorphic chips [4]–[10]. The A key challenge in design, however, is that programming such chips is difficult. This paper proposes a systematic methodology design of neuromorphic chips is promising to enable a new with a set of tools to address this challenge. The proposed computing paradigm. toolset is called NEUTRAMS (Neural network Transformation, One major issue is that neuromorphic hardware usually Mapping and Simulation), and includes three key components: places constraints on NN models (such as the maximum fan- a neural network (NN) transformation algorithm, a configurable in/fan-out of a single neuron, the limited range of synaptic clock-driven simulator of neuromorphic chips and an optimized runtime tool that maps NNs onto the target hardware for weights) that it can support, and the hardware types of neurons better resource utilization. To address the challenges of hardware or activation functions are usually simpler than the software constraints on implementing NN models (such as the maximum counterparts. -
New Trends in Connectomics
FOCUS FEATURE: New Trends in Connectomics Editorial: New Trends in Connectomics 1 2,3,4,5 Olaf Sporns and Danielle S. Bassett 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA 2Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 4Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 5Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ABSTRACT Connectomics is an integral part of network neuroscience. The field has undergone rapid Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/netn/article-pdf/02/02/125/1092204/netn_e_00052.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 expansion over recent years and increasingly involves a blend of experimental and computational approaches to brain connectivity. This Focus Feature on “New Trends in an open access journal Connectomics” aims to track the progress of the field and its many applications across different neurobiological systems and species. The idea that connections among neural elements are crucial for brain function has been central to modern neuroscience almost since its inception. Building on this idea, the emerg- ing field of connectomics adds several new and important components. First, connectomics provides comprehensive maps of neural connections, with the ultimate goal of achieving com- plete coverage of any given nervous system. Second, connectomics delivers insights into the principles that underlie network architecture and uncovers how these principles support net- work function. These dual aims can be accomplished through the confluence of new experi- mental techniques for mapping connections and new network science methods for modeling and analyzing the resulting large connectivity datasets. -
The Brain That Changes Itself
The Brain That Changes Itself Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science NORMAN DOIDGE, M.D. For Eugene L. Goldberg, M.D., because you said you might like to read it Contents 1 A Woman Perpetually Falling . Rescued by the Man Who Discovered the Plasticity of Our Senses 2 Building Herself a Better Brain A Woman Labeled "Retarded" Discovers How to Heal Herself 3 Redesigning the Brain A Scientist Changes Brains to Sharpen Perception and Memory, Increase Speed of Thought, and Heal Learning Problems 4 Acquiring Tastes and Loves What Neuroplasticity Teaches Us About Sexual Attraction and Love 5 Midnight Resurrections Stroke Victims Learn to Move and Speak Again 6 Brain Lock Unlocked Using Plasticity to Stop Worries, OPsessions, Compulsions, and Bad Habits 7 Pain The Dark Side of Plasticity 8 Imagination How Thinking Makes It So 9 Turning Our Ghosts into Ancestors Psychoanalysis as a Neuroplastic Therapy 10 Rejuvenation The Discovery of the Neuronal Stem Cell and Lessons for Preserving Our Brains 11 More than the Sum of Her Parts A Woman Shows Us How Radically Plastic the Brain Can Be Appendix 1 The Culturally Modified Brain Appendix 2 Plasticity and the Idea of Progress Note to the Reader All the names of people who have undergone neuroplastic transformations are real, except in the few places indicated, and in the cases of children and their families. The Notes and References section at the end of the book includes comments on both the chapters and the appendices. Preface This book is about the revolutionary discovery that the human brain can change itself, as told through the stories of the scientists, doctors, and patients who have together brought about these astonishing transformations. -
The Human Brain Project—Synergy Between Neuroscience, Computing, Informatics, and Brain-Inspired Technologies
COMMUNITY PAGE The Human Brain ProjectÐSynergy between neuroscience, computing, informatics, and brain-inspired technologies 1,2 3 4 5 Katrin AmuntsID *, Alois C. Knoll , Thomas LippertID , Cyriel M. A. PennartzID , 6 7 8 9 10 Philippe RyvlinID , Alain DestexheID , Viktor K. Jirsa , Egidio D'Angelo , Jan G. BjaalieID 1 Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum JuÈlich, Germany, 2 C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital DuÈsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University DuÈsseldorf, DuÈsseldorf, Germany, 3 Institut fuÈr Informatik VI, Technische UniversitaÈt MuÈnchen, Garching bei MuÈnchen, a1111111111 Germany, 4 JuÈlich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum JuÈlich, a1111111111 Germany, 5 Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, the a1111111111 Netherlands, 6 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and a1111111111 University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 7 Unite de Neurosciences, Information & Complexite a1111111111 (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 8 Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Inserm UMR1106, Aix-Marseille UniversiteÂ, Faculte de MeÂdecine, Marseille, France, 9 Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, Unit of Neurophysiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 10 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Amunts K, Knoll AC, Lippert T, Pennartz CMA, Ryvlin P, Destexhe A, et al. (2019) The Abstract Human Brain ProjectÐSynergy between neuroscience, computing, informatics, and brain- The Human Brain Project (HBP) is a European flagship project with a 10-year horizon aim- inspired technologies. PLoS Biol 17(7): e3000344. ing to understand the human brain and to translate neuroscience knowledge into medicine https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000344 and technology. -
Deep Learning with Tensorflow 2 and Keras Second Edition
Deep Learning with TensorFlow 2 and Keras Second Edition Regression, ConvNets, GANs, RNNs, NLP, and more with TensorFlow 2 and the Keras API Antonio Gulli Amita Kapoor Sujit Pal BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI Deep Learning with TensorFlow 2 and Keras Second Edition Copyright © 2019 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Commissioning Editor: Amey Varangaonkar Acquisition Editors: Yogesh Deokar, Ben Renow-Clarke Acquisition Editor – Peer Reviews: Suresh Jain Content Development Editor: Ian Hough Technical Editor: Gaurav Gavas Project Editor: Janice Gonsalves Proofreader: Safs Editing Indexer: Rekha Nair Presentation Designer: Sandip Tadge First published: April 2017 Second edition: December 2019 Production reference: 2130320 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-83882-341-2 www.packt.com packt.com Subscribe to our online digital library for full access to over 7,000 books and videos, as well as industry leading tools to help you plan your personal development and advance your career. -
The Great Brain Race How Global Universities Are Reshaping the World
! Book Review: The Great Brain Race How Global Universities Are Reshaping the World Mary Sullivan April 2019 © Professors Without Borders 2019 Contact [email protected] www.prowibo.com ! In The Great Brain Race: How Global Universities Are Reshaping the World author Ben Wildavsky explores the “globalisation” of higher education. Wildavsky argues that academics and students alike must view the global system of higher education as a form of international trade. Moreover, in this system, nations act in accordance with liberal economic theory entering into agreements to maximize benefits of the global economy. An advocate for academic free trade, Wildavsky explores this thesis through six chapters to outline the processes that have created this new system. Wildavsky examines how Western universities have tried to capitalize on the advancements in academic mobility. Wildavsky dives into the evolution of academic mobility with the early movement of traveling scholars in the 13th century. As students and faculty are able to easily move around the globe, institutions continue to globalise their activities and ambitions. This has compelled Western universities to establish branch institutions throughout the Middle East and Asia. Wildavsky believes that the continuously changing realities of the global system of higher education have led to behavioral change of states themselves. For example, like China, India, Saudi Arabia, Germany and France all have made lofty investments in higher education so that their institutions can compete with Western “World Class Universities”. Moreover, Wildavsky argues that the consequence of the race to achieve “World Class” status has contributed to the explosion of university rankings systems. These lists have increased in popularity since the 1990s and allow students and universities to determine how universities compare at the national and global level. -
The Emergence of Emerging Technologies
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Management Papers Wharton Faculty Research 10-1-2002 The Emergence of Emerging Technologies Ron Adner University of Pennsylvania Daniel A. Levinthal University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers Part of the Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons Recommended Citation Adner, R., & Levinthal, D. A. (2002). The Emergence of Emerging Technologies. California Management Review, 45 (1), 50-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41166153 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers/276 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emergence of Emerging Technologies Abstract What is discontinuous about the moment of radical technological change? We suggest that the discontinuity typically does not lie in a radical advancement in technology itself; rather, the discontinuity stems from a shift of an existing technical lineage to a new domain of application. Seeming revolutions such as wireless communication and the internet did not stem from an isolated technical breakthrough. Rather, the spectacular commercial impact was achieved when an existing technology was re-applied in a new application domain. We use the biological notion of speciation events, which form the basis for the theory of punctuated equilibrium, to reconcile the process of incremental change within a given line of technical development with the radical change associated with the shift of an existing technology to a new application domain. We then use this lens to explore how managers can cope with, and potentially exploit, such change processes. Disciplines Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers/276 The Emergence of Emerging Technologies Ron Adner INSEAD Boulevard de Constance 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France [email protected] Daniel A. -
Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation
INFO-GB.3262 Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation Fall 2019 Professor Alex Tuzhilin *** DRAFT SYLLABUS; SUBJECT TO CHANGE *** Time: Thursdays, 6 – 9 pm. Office: KMEC 8-87 Office Thursday: TBD Phone: 998-0832 Hours: e-mail: atuzhili Course Description “Information technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven. I don’t think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without talking about the other.” – Bill Gates. The IT revolution is far from over. In fact, according to Bill Gates, “we’re entering an era when software will fundamentally transform almost everything we do,” ranging from the evolutionary to the revolutionary transformations disrupting previously adopted technologies and business models. This sentiment was shared by Marc Andreessen from the VC firm Andreessen-Horowitz who famously claimed that “software is eating the world.” These IT-driven transformations create intelligent real-time enterprises that conduct business in a significantly more effective, efficient and agile manner, and that adapt to the changing business conditions and grow “smarter” over time by leveraging the new generations of Information Technologies. These technologies can be the greatest friends or the worst foes in building such “smart businesses,” depending on how well they are adopted and deployed in the enterprises. In this course, the students will study various principles of technological innovation driving major business transformations and leading to the creation of more intelligent and agile enterprises. Some of these principles include evolution and generations of emerging technologies, different types of technological trajectories, cycles and path dependencies of these technologies, business-pull and technology push, can-do vs. should-do, the “magic” quadrant, crossing-the-chasm and the beagle-and-the-rocket principles. -
NEST Desktop
NEST Conference 2019 A Forum for Users & Developers Conference Program Norwegian University of Life Sciences 24-25 June 2019 NEST Conference 2019 24–25 June 2019, Ås, Norway Monday, 24th June 11:00 Registration and lunch 12:30 Opening (Dean Anne Cathrine Gjærde, Hans Ekkehard Plesser) 12:50 GeNN: GPU-enhanced neural networks (James Knight) 13:25 Communication sparsity in distributed Spiking Neural Network Simulations to improve scalability (Carlos Fernandez-Musoles) 14:00 Coffee & Posters 15:00 Sleep-like slow oscillations induce hierarchical memory association and synaptic homeostasis in thalamo-cortical simulations (Pier Stanislao Paolucci) 15:20 Implementation of a Frequency-Based Hebbian STDP in NEST (Alberto Antonietti) 15:40 Spike Timing Model of Visual Motion Perception and Decision Making with Reinforcement Learning in NEST (Petia Koprinkova-Hristova) 16:00 What’s new in the NEST user-level documentation (Jessica Mitchell) 16:20 ICEI/Fenix: HPC and Cloud infrastructure for computational neuroscientists (Jochen Eppler) 17:00 NEST Initiative Annual Meeting (members-only) 19:00 Conference Dinner Tuesday, 25th June 09:00 Construction and characterization of a detailed model of mouse primary visual cortex (Stefan Mihalas) 09:45 Large-scale simulation of a spiking neural network model consisting of cortex, thalamus, cerebellum and basal ganglia on K computer (Jun Igarashi) 10:10 Simulations of a multiscale olivocerebellar spiking neural network in NEST: a case study (Alice Geminiani) 10:30 NEST3 Quick Preview (Stine Vennemo & Håkon Mørk) -
Connectomics of Morphogenetically Engineered Neurons As a Predictor of Functional Integration in the Ischemic Brain
http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in Frontiers in Neurology. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Sandvig, A., Sandvig, I. (2019) Connectomics of Morphogenetically Engineered Neurons as a Predictor of Functional Integration in the Ischemic Brain Frontiers in Neurology, 10: 630 https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00630 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161446 REVIEW published: 12 June 2019 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00630 Connectomics of Morphogenetically Engineered Neurons as a Predictor of Functional Integration in the Ischemic Brain Axel Sandvig 1,2,3 and Ioanna Sandvig 1* 1 Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 2 Department of Neurology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, 3 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neuro, Head, and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden Recent advances in cell reprogramming technologies enable the in vitro generation of theoretically unlimited numbers of cells, including cells of neural lineage and specific neuronal subtypes from human, including patient-specific, somatic cells. Similarly, as demonstrated in recent animal studies, by applying morphogenetic neuroengineering principles in situ, it is possible to reprogram resident brain cells to the desired phenotype. These developments open new exciting possibilities for cell replacement therapy in Edited by: stroke, albeit not without caveats.