SUSQUEHAMMA STEAM ELECTRIC STATIOM

APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT REVISED JULY 1972

AMENDMENTNO. 8 JULY 19T6

PENNSYLVANIA PQWER a LIGHT CQMPANY Allent;own, Pennsylvania TABL'E OF CONTENTS

'PART',I INTRODUCTION AND,SUMMARY

, Introduction

;-Summary

'PART:II'NRC (CHAPTER'3

'3.'9 'Transmission Facilities

.3.9.1 'The Susquehanna 600.kV,System

:3.'9.'2 )Physical 'Characteristics .'Of The 'Transmission .Facil- :ities

'3.9.2:,1 !Description;of Substations

;a) .Sunbury.Substation

'b) ;.Siegfiied:Substation

:3.9."2.2 ';Description;of ~Transmission.L'ine Struc- 'tures

'.3.'9;2;3 '.Description ofBasicDesign "Parameters ;a)'oltage

.b) ,Capacity ',Under Normal ,And .Emergency Loading .Conditions

c,c) «Conductor Type,And Con- ;figuration

«d) Ruling:,Spans

.Electrical.Clearances

.3;9.3,... Environmental Characteristics. Of The. Line Route 3.9.3.1 G eographical Location Of The Line Routes

a) Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route

Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

3.9.3.2 Right-of-Way Data

3.9.3.3 Terrestrial And Aquatic Wildlife

3.9.3.4 Land Cover

a) Forest Cover

b) Crop And Pasture Land

c) Other Land Cover

3.9.3.5 Land Use, And

3.9.3.6 Demography

a) Regional Patterns

b) Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route

c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

3.9.3.7 Areas Of Clearing And Structure Removal

a) Selective Clearing

Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route

c) Susquehanna-Siegf ried Line Route

3.9.3.8 Special Features

a) Historical Resources b) Archaeological Resources

3.9.3.9 Geology

a) Regional Patterns

Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route

c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

'3.9.3.,10 Soils

a) Regional Patterns

.Sunbury4usquehanna, Line :Route

c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

Alternative Line Routes And Selection Criteria

3.9.4;1 Phase I —Regional Analysis

a) Data Collection

,.b) Data Constraint 'Analysis

3.9.4.2 Phase I I —Network Analysis

a) Refinement Of Network And Data Base

b) I nventory And Weighting Of Environmental Factors

c) Minimum Impact Path Ana lysis And Alternative Path Analysis

3.9.4.3 Phase I I I —Final Evaluation OfAlternate Line Routes 3.9.5 Electrical Environmental Characteristics

3.9.5.1 Corona

3.9.5.2 Ozone And Oxides Of Nitrogen

3.9.5.3 Audible Noise

a) Evaluation Of The Audible Noise Impact On The Environment

b) Audible Noise Analysis Of The Proposed 500 kV Transmission Line

3.9.5.4 Electromagnetic Influence

a) Radio Influence

Television Influence

c) Othe r Communication Facilities

3.9.5.5 Public Safety

a) Electrostatic Induction Effects

Electromagnetic Induction Effects

3.9 'eferences

3.9 Tables

3.9 Figures

PART I I I NRC CHAPTER 4

4.2 Transmission Facilities Construction

4.2.1 Right-of-Way Development 4.2.1.1 Construction Techniques

a) Clearing

Access Roads

c) Foundation And Structure Erection

d) Conductor Stringing

4.2.1.2 Clean-Up And Restoration

a) Disposal Of Timber And Slash

Danger Trees

c) Restoration

Fence Repair

e) ~ Removal of Temporary Facilities

Impact On The Natural Environment

4.2.2.1 Geology

4.2.2.2 . Hydrology

4.2.2.3 Soils

4.2.2.4 . Terrestrial And Aquatic Communities

a) General

b) ~ Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route

c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

lnipact On The Man-Made Environment 4.2.3.1 Land Use, And

4.2.3.2 Demography

a) Physical Disruption

b) Visual Impact

4.2.3.3 Special Features

a) Historical Resources

Archaeological Resources

4.2.4 Mitigative Measures

4.2.4.1 General Measures

4.2.4.2 Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route

4.2.4.3 Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

4.2 References

PART IV NRC CHAPTER 5

6.5 Effects Of Operation And Maintenance Of The Transmission System

5.5.1 Anticipated Electrical Radiation Effects Of 600 kV Transmission Lines

5.5.1.1 Ozone And Oxides Of Nitrogen

6.5.1.2 Audible Noise

5.6.1.3, Electromagnetic Influence

a) Radio Influence

b) Television Influence

5.5.1.4 Electromagnetic Induction

5.5.1.5 Electrostatic Induction 5.5!2'aintenance Of;Transmission System

Maintenance.And'Repair A'ctivities

5;5;2;2. Maintenance 5;5!3'.5.2.1: Of:Rights-of-Way,.And'5;5;2.'3: Maintenance Of Access Roads; r

Gperational~ Effects On: Natural: Systems.

5'.5.3..1, Geology.

5;5:3.2'. Hydrology 5;5;3.'3'oils

5.5;3.'4'errestrialt And.',Aquatic Communities

5;5;4-; Operational) Effects;Gn~Man-Made Systems:

5;5!4'.:lI 5.'5;4'.2''and'Use,,And'emography.

b)').'hysical'Effects . Visual Effects

Effects. on. Property Values,

5!5i R'eferences.

Figures:

PA'RiT V'RC'HAPTER;'lOi

10!9 Transmission, Facilities

10.'9! 1', G'enerall L'ine. Route Alternatives

'I 0.'9! 2'. Sunbury-Susquehanna L'ine Route Alternativesl

10l9.'3': Susquehanna-Siegfiied.'L'ine Route, Alternatives' 10.9.3.1 Environmental Factors

a) Residences

b) Forest Land

c) State Game Land

d) Open Land

10.9.3.2 Cost of Alternate Routes

10.9.3.3 Reliability

10.9.3.4 Land Use

10.9.3.5 Conclusions

10.9 Tables

10.9 Figures

PART Vl NRC CHAPTER 11

11.0 Transmission Lines

11.0.1 General

11.0.2 Benefits

11.0.3 Economic Costs

11.0.3.1 Construction Costs

11.0.3.2 Other Costs

11.0.4 Environmental Costs

11.0.4.1 WildlifeDisturbance

11.0.4.2 Soil Disturbance

11.0.4.3 Aesthetic Impact

11.0.4.4 Scenic Impact

11.0.5 Conclusions

11.0 Tables PART Vll APPENDICES

Appendix I —Construction Specifications

Exhibit A — "Transmission Construction Specifications —Development of Erosion Control Plan for Line Construction"

Exhibit B — "Vegetation Management — Specifications for Initial Cutting, Removal and Trimming of Vegetation on or Adja- cent to Electric Line Right-of-Way"

Exhibit C — "Vegetation Management — Specifications for Installing Vegetation 'n or Adjacent to Electric Line Right-of-Way and for General Landscaping"

Appendix II — Permits, Licenses and, Approvals for the Sunbury-Susquehanna and Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kV Lines PART I

INTRODUCTIONAND SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

This document is submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) as an amendment to the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Applicants Environmental Report —Revised July, 1972, submitted by Pennsylvania Power 5 Light Company (PPSL). This amendment provides information regarding proposed changes in the EHV electric transmission system associated with the Susquehanna SES; specifically the environmental effects associated with the Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line and the Susquehanna- Siegfried 500 kV line. The EHV electrical transmission system was originally discussed in Section (3.2) of the July, 1972 Report. Changes in that system include: 1) alterations to the Susquehanna-Lackawanna 500 kV line resulting in the Susquehanna-Stanton 500 kV line, and 2) elimination of the Susquehanna-Frackville 500 kV line and replacement with a 500 kV line between the Susquehanna SES and the Sunbury Substation and a 500 kV line between Susquehanna SES and the Wescosville-Siegfried 500 kV line near the Siegfried Substation. The alterations resulting in the Susquehanna-Stanton 500 kV line were addressed in Amendment No. 4 to the July, 1972 Report which was submitted to the NRC on February 6, 1976. The Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line and Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kV line are addressed in this amendment. Together, Amendments No. 4 and 5 constitute a complete discussion of the 500 kV transmission system for Susquehanna SES. This amendment discusses the environmental characteristics of the lines in conformance with the format established by the NRC Regulatory Guide 4.2, Revision 1, January, 1975. Relevant sections of the Regulatory Guide include: Section 3.9— Transmission Facilities, Section 4.2 —Transmission Facilities Construction, Section 5.5— Effects of Operation and Maintenance of the Transmission Facility, Section 10.9— Transmission Facilities (Alternatives), and NRC Chapter 11 —Summary Benefit-Cost Analysis. These sections are addressed in Parts I I through Vl of this amendment.

SUMMARY

The line routes selected are optimum routes from an overall point of view. The criteria used in their selection included the minimization of right-of-way and construction costs as well as environmental impact. Wherever possible, potential environmental impact was minimized through careful route selection. However, where sensitive environmental features cannot be avoided, appropriate engineering and construction techniques will be employed in order to hold impact at the lowest practical level. The Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line route represents the optimum route environmentally as well as the optimum route economically. Among all of the many alternative routes considered between Sunbury and Susquehanna, this route was identified as having the lowest overall environmental impact. Two principal factors account for the minimum environmental impact associated with the route. First, the route follows a relatively direct path between the terminal points without passing over or near special or highly sensitive environmental features. Second, the route is entirely in parallel with existing or proposed transmission facilities, thus taking advantage of existing access roads and reducing the amount of new right-of-way land required. The directness of the route and the joint use of right-of-way are also primary contributors to the economic advantages of the proposed Sunbury-Susquehanna line. The Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kV line route minimizes the combined effects of environmental impact, economic cost, scheduling cost, reliability and other factors addressed in Parts V and Vl of this amendment. Other alternate routes were identified which incur somewhat lower potential environmental impacts than the route selected. However, there are considerable economic and reliability advantages of the selected route compared to the route having the least environmental impact. Both right-of-way acquisition and scheduling cost savings are realized by the use of existing right-of-way easements which form the selected line route. Mitigative measures will be taken during construction and operation of the line in order to minimize any potential impacts inherent with the selected route. PART II

NRC CHAPTER 3

THE PLANT

3.9 TRANSMISSION FACILITIES

3.9.1 The Susquehanna 500 kV System

Through further detailed analysis subsequent to the July, 1972 Report, it was determined that the reliability of the previously planned bulk power transmission system was inadequate without the network addition of a 500 kV line from Lackawanna 500 kV substation to the existing 500 kV system in northern New Jersey. This line, which would have been jointly owned with two other Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) utilities, was approximately 75 miles long and was expected to be placed in service by 1982 to provide overall improvements in the reliability of the PJM bulk power network. In late 1974, the planned development of the PJM bulk power network was altered due to changing patterns of load growth and capacity expansion of other companies. As a result, the subject line will not be installed. Without this line a single contingency failure of the Susquehanna-Frackville 500 kV line would cause electrical instability of the Susquehanna generators and would necessitate restricting output of the Susquehanna SES. In order to obtain an adequate level of reliability the previously planned transmission system for Susquehanna SES was modified. The presently planned 500 kV transmission lines emanating from the Susque- hanna 500 kV Switchyard consists of the Susquehanna-Siegfried and Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV lines. The Susquehanna-Stanton 500 kV constructed line will be operated initiallyat 230 kV to provide reliable supply to the northeast portion of the PP&L system and to provide necessary transmission outlets for Susquehanna Unit No. 1. This proposed transmission for Susquehanna SES, together with the planned PP&L bulk power network will provide an adequate level of reliability. This network will satisfy the reliability criteria of both the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland Interconnection and Pennsylvania Power & Light Company.

3.9.2 Physical Characteristics Of The Transmission Facilities

3,9.2.1 Description OfSubstations a) Sunbury Substation The Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line will terminate at the Sunbury 500-230 kV Substation. The existing 230 kV portion of the station terminates five 230 kV lines, two

3.9-1 150 MVA, 230-66 kV transformers, and the existing 135 MW Sunbury No. 4 generator. The new Sunbury 500 kV portion of the station will terminate two 500 kV lines and one 650 MVA, 500-230 kV transformer. The Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line will terminate through one 500 kV, 3000 amp circuit breaker connected to the Sunbury 500 kV bus. The existing Sunbury-Juniata 230 kV line (500 kV construction) will be operated at 500 kV and terminate on the Sunbury 500 kV bus. The primary side of the 500-230 kV transformer will connect to the end of the bus, and the 230 kV side will connect to'the existing 230 kV portion of the Sunbury Substation. b) Siegfried Substation The Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kV line will connect to the existing Siegfried-Wescosville 500 kV constructed line and thus form a Susquehanna-Siegfried- Wescosville 500 kV circuit. A Siegfried 500 kV Substation will not be required for Susquehanna generation. However, system developments not related to Susquehanna will require the development of the 500 kV portion of the Siegfried Substation in the future. The 500 kV switchyard will be capable of terminating four 500 kV lines and two 650 MVA, 500-230 kV transformers. The existing Siegfried 230-66 kV Substation consists of five 230 kV lines, three 150 MVA,230-66 kV transformers and fifteen 66 kV lines.

3.9.2.2 Description Of Transmission Line Structures

Design criteria for the transmission line structures include consideration of aesthetics, reliability, economics', and safety. The proposed structure will be a tubular steel H-frame, internally braced. The height of the structures will average 115 feet permitting .li. ground clearances which will minimize any electrical environmental effects for average spans of 1200 feet. To minimize visual impact, the 500 kV structures will be fabricated from maintenance-free weathering steel, which darkens naturally to a russet brown color. This color blends with leafless trees during winter months and the structures are screened by leaves during summer months. The 500 kV lines near the Susquehanna SES will have structures painted a medium green to harmonize with the 230 kV structures in that area. For the first 4.2 miles from Susquehanna SES, the Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line will be constructed on one circuit position of a double circuit tubular steel H-frame structure. The configuration of this structure will be four phase positions on the bottom cross arm and two phase positions on the top cross arm. The height of the structure will average 155 feet. The second circuit position will be used for future system development.

3.9.2.3 Description Of Basic Design Parameters

The transmission lines have been designed in conformance with the requirements of the National Electrical Safety Code and sound engineering principles. a) Voltage The lines will be constructed and insulated for operation at a maximum phase-to-phase voltage of 550 kV as an effectively grounded system.

3.9-2 b) Capacity Under Normal And Emergency Loading Conditions'he lines are designed to operate safely under a maximum normal current of 3470 amperes (3005 MVA) at 100'C and a maximum emergency current of 4360 amperes (3775 MVA)at 100'C. c) Conductor Type And Configuration The conductor for the lines will consist of two subconductors per phase spaced eighteen inches apart in a horizontal configuration. The subconductor spacing will be maintained by mechanical spacers installed at a sub-span spacing adequate to maintain the eighteen inch spacing. The conductor size will be -2493 kcmil 54/37, Aluminum Cable Alloy Reinforced (AGAR) utilizing 54 strands of EC grade aluminum and 37 strands of 6201 aluminum alloy for reinforcement. Conductor supporting devices, accessories and hardware have been specifically designed to coordinate with the voltage level and to minimize any electrical environmental effects. All conductor supporting assemblies have been tested electrically to insure proper performance under expected in service conditions. Two shield wires will be installed above the three phase conductor bundles for lightning protection. The shield wire size will be 19 No. 9 aluminum clad steel tensioned to coordinate with the sag of the phase conductors. The shield wires will be positioned to provide a maximum positive shielding angle of 20'with respect to the outside phases of the 500 kV circuit. Each structure will be adequately grounded to insure that the structure remains at ground potential. The grounding systems will be tested for adequacy during the construction of the line. d) Ruling Spans The conductors and shield wires will be installed based on a ruling span between angle or deadend (strain) structures. The tension limits on the conductor and shield wire at the installed ruling span will be established to protect the cables from vibration or mechanical damage under the climatic loading conditions anticipated over the life of the transmission line. e) Electrical Clearances The conductors will be installed to maintain adequate clearance over roads, railroads, power lines and communication lines in accordance with the requirements of the National Electrical Safety Code (Sixth Edition) and to maintain acceptable levels of radio influence, television influence, audible noise, electrostatic and electromagnetic fields. Clearances will be maintained at the maximum thermal operating limitof the conductor of 100'C (212'F).

3.9-3 3.9.3 Environmental Characteristics Of The Line Route

3.9.3.1 Geographical Location Of The Line Routes

From a general analysis of the environmental patterns within the region, a 1,050 square mile Sunbury Study Area and a 1,210 square mile Siegfried Study Area were defined to encompass all potential transmission line routes between the Susquehanna SES and the respective Sunbury and Siegfried terminal points. The locations of the two study areas within the region are indicated in Figure 3.9-A. Each study area was delimited on 1:24,000 scale data base maps. The topographic characteristics of the two study areas are shown in Figure 3.9-B. a) Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route The Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line traverses approximately 44 miles from the Susquehanna SES to the Sunbury Substation southwest of Sunbury, Pennsylvania. Leaving Susquehanna SES, the route crosses the Susquehanna River in a southerly direction and intersects the existing Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV route. From this intersection the route parallels the existing line. The two lines parallel the Susquehanna River in a southwesterly direction as they cross, parts of Columbia, Montour and Northumberland Counties. At a point 1.2 miles south of Sunbury, the lines cross the Susquehanna River to the Sunbury Substation on the west bank in Snyder County. The line route is shown in relationship to major geographic features in Figure 3.9-C. b) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route The Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kV line traverses approximately 54 miles from the Susquehanna SES to an interconnection with the existing Wescosville-Siegfried 500 kV line near the Siegfried Substation north of Northampton, Pennsylvania. In exiting the plant, the Susquehanna-Siegfried route parallels the Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line across the Susquehanna River to an intersection with the existing Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV line. At this point, the Susquehanna-Siegfried line parallels an existing 230 kV line northeast to a point near Council Cup. At Council Cup the line leaves the existing 230 kV line forming a new right-of-way in an easterly direction across the southern portion of Luzerne County and south into Carbon County. The route then passes in a southeasterly direction across a portion of Carbon County to an intersection with an existing 66 kV line. At this intersection the line and the 66 kV line form a parallel right-of-way south toward East Palmerton Substation. East of the substation the Susquehanna-Siegfried line joins the existing Siegfried-Harwood 230 kV line and continues in a common corridor south to the Wescosville-Siegfried 500 kV line on the Lehigh River in Northampton County. The line route is shown in Figure 3.9-C.

3.9.3.2 Right-of-Nay Data

The Sunbury-Susquehanna right-of-way occupies approximately 928 acres of additional land, utilizing a portion of the existing Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV line in its

3.9-4 width. The Susquehanna-Siegfried line occupies approximately 1,237 acres of land. Table 3.9-A shows right-of-way length, width, and area data by segments of the Sunbury-Susquehanna and the Susquehanna-Siegfried lines.

3.9.3.3 Terrestrial And Aquatic IVildlife

The species of terrestrial and aquatic wildlife found in the Sunbury and Siegfried study area are many and varied due to the different types of habitat formed by the ridge and valley physiography that occurs in this part of the state. The characteristic steep ridges and valleys with their forests and rushing streams are contrasted by the more gently rolling farmland that is found in Columbia, Montour, and Northumberland Counties in the northwestern part of the study area and south of Mauch Chunk Ridge and Blue Mountain in the southeastern part of the study area. This contrast provides habitat for forest species, open land species, and species which exploit the areas where these two major habitat types meet. General habitat characteristics are indicated on the map in Figure 3.9-C. The Pennsylvania Game Laws (Pennsylvania Game Commission, 1975) group the mammals of the state into several categories. Important game mammals found in the study area include the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), black bear (Ursus americanus), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), woodchuck (Marmota monax), and raccoon (Procyon lotor). Furbearers are represented by the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), beaver (Castor canadensis), mink (Mustela vison), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Two mammals which are becoming less prevalent in the state but which may occur in the study area are the bobcat (Felis rufus) and the river otter (Lutra canadensis). The majority of the study area is in the Alleghanian life zone which is a transitional zone between the sub-Canadian life zone to the north and the Carolinian life zone to the south. Due to its location in a transitional zone, the study area provides breeding habitat for both northern and southern species of birds (Poole, 1964). The extensive forest areas support many songbirds such as flycatchers, thrushes, vireos, and warblers; while blackbirds, orioles, finches, and sparrows are common in fields and around agricultural areas. The study area is also located along a major raptor migration route as is evidenced by the thousands of birds that are observed each year at the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary just south of the study area in northern Berks County (Brett and Nagy, 'I973). Game birds are also numerous in this part of the state with turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) being found in wooded areas and ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) being most common in farming areas. Other popular game birds include the American woodcock (Philohela minor) and several species of ducks and geese. Amphibians and reptiles are represented by the usual complement of salamanders, frogs, toads, turtles, lizards, and snakes. The habitats of these animals range from the dry upland forest to the small farm pond. While usually inconspicuous, these animals play an important role in the functioning of the ecosystem. Since most aquatic habitat found in the study area is stream habitat, many of the fish species present require cool water temperatures with high oxygen levels. Darters are

3.9-5 common in the faster streams with minnows and shiners reaching their greatest numbers in the slower, more sluggish streams and many. reservoirs that have been created within the study area. By far the most important game fish in this area is the trout which lives in the

many miles of designated trout streams (Pennsylvania Fish Commission, 1976) ~ Most of the reservoirs in the area contain pan fish as does the Susquehanna River which is also known for its bass and muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) fishing. All major waterways and water bodies in the region are indicated on the map in Figure 3.9-C. The Pennsylvania Game Commission (1975) lists no birds or mammals as being endangered in the state; however, the U.S. Department of Interior (1975) lists two endangered mammals and one endangered bird whose ranges encompass the study area. These are the eastern cougar (Felis concolor cougar), the Indiana bat (Myotis soda/is), and the arctic peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius). The two mammals have not been observed in the study area, but the peregrine has been observed at Hawk Mountain just to the south. Two birds of undetermined status (USDI, 1973), the American osprey (Pandion haliaetus carolinensis) and the eastern pigeon hawk (Falco c. columbarius), have also been observed at Hawk Mountain and can be considered to pass through the study area during migration. The Pennsylvania Fish Commission (1975) has compiled a list of rare and endangered fish, reptiles and amphibians for the state. The bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) is the only endangered herptile whose range falls within the study area. Two endangered fish, the swamp darter (Etheostoma fusiforme) and the warmouth (Lepomis gulosus), and two rare fish, the bowfin (Amia calva) and the bridled shiner (Notropis bifrenatus), could also occur within the study area. None of these animals which might be found within the study area have been placed on the USDI (1975) endangered species list.

3.9.3.4 Land Cover

While the character of land cover types are similar throughout the region, their relative extent of coverage varies between local areas within the region. The extent of coverage of each land cover type in the major counties of the region are given statistically in Table 3.9-B and are shown geographically for the two study areas on the map in Figure 3.9-C. The Sunbury-Susquehanna line route is approximately 55 percent in crop and pastureland, and slightly more than one-third in forest land. The Susquehanna-Siegfried line route is nearly two-thirds in forest cover and nearly one-third in crop and pasture land.

a) Forest Cover The study area lies within the Ridge and Valley Physiographic province and is comprised of two sections, the Appalachian Mountain Section and the Great Valley Section. The forest within the study area is primarily mixed oak and pine. Other tree species typically found in the region are listed in Table 3.9-C. Because the study area varies in topography, being a series of valleys and ridges, the forest vegetation also varies. In general, the ridges and high plateaus are composed of scrub oak (Quercus i/I'cifoliaf, white oak (Q. a/baJ, red oak (Q. rubaJ, pitch pine (Pinus

3.9.6 rigida) and short-leaf pine (P. echinata). The valleys are composed primarily of red, white and chestnut oaks (Q. prinus), white pine (P. strobus), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), several species of birch (Betula spp.), red maple (Acer rubrum), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipi fera). The slopes are highly mixed containing a very diverse mixture of hardwoods and conifers. Numerous oaks, red birch (Betula nigraf, white pine, hemlock, pitch pine and white ash (Fraxinus americana) are the dominant species. Pure stands of hemlock are often formed on steep north and east facing slopes, and in wet areas. Red maple is very conspicuous on poorly drained soils. The dominant understory species are azalea and rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and willow (Salix spp.). American chestnut (Castenea dentata) represents the only unique flora noted in the area. This tree, while somewhat rare, is not endangered and will not be affected by a transmission line.

b) Crop And Pasture Land A major land cover in the study area is crop and pasture land. This land cover is discussed in terms of land use in Section 3.9.3.5 below.

c) Other Land Cover Other types of land cover include urban and suburban developments, surface mining and transportation rights-of-way, and are discussed in Section 3.9.3.5 below.

3.9.3.5 Land Use, and 3.9.3.6 Demography

a) Regional Patterns The most intensive land use activities in the study areas are of commercial and industrial types while the major land consuming uses are agriculture, surface mining and forest reserves. The geographical pattern of these land uses is greatly influenced by the strong physiographic variations within the region. Generally, agricultural activity has developed in the northeast portion of the region throughout the Susquehanna River Valley, in the Lehigh River Valley south of Blue Mountain, and in the smaller valleys which follow the grain of mountain ridges from southwest to northeast. Similarly, surface mining tends to occur in parallel linear patterns where the mineral deposits follow the geological grain of the mountains. Large tracts of mountainous land remain generally forested. Parts of this land are in relatively inactive reserve while other parts, particularly in the northeast, are experiencing public and private recreational development. The more intensive commercial and industrial activities in the region are largely confined to urban settlements along the Susquehanna and Lehigh Rivers, and in the larger mining districts. The trends of commercial development in this region are typical of an automobile oriented society with activity shifting from the smaller rural villages and central cities toward suburban developments surrounding the larger communities and linear highway developments between communities.

3.9-7 Regional land use and demographic patterns are addressed below by county. Population, employment and agricultural data are based on U.S. Bureau of Census data (Census of Population, 1972; Census of Agriculture, 1972; County Business Patterns, 1972). Other land use data are based on state (Pennsylvania Department of Commerce, 1972) and individual county reports (see Section 3.9 —References, by county). General land use and demographic patterns are shown in Figure 3.9-C. Summary statistics on various land use and demographic factors are given in Tables 3.9-8, C, D, E, F, and G.

Northumberland County The 99,190 residents of Northumberland County are distributed over 453 square miles giving the county a density of 219.0 persons per square mile. Average population density for the study areas is 253.2 persons per square mile. Approximately 60 percent of the population resides in communities having populations over 2,500 persons with Sunbury (13,025 persons) and Shamokin (11,719 persons) being the two principal cities. Approximately 4.0 percent of the population are farm residents and another 27.4 percent are classified as rural non-farm. Northumberland County ranks fourth in agricultural land percentage among the counties in the study area with 130,012 acres (45 percent) in this usage. Only 39 percent of the county's 982 farm units are in the category of small general or part-time operations. Among the larger specialized farms, 79 percent are poultry, dairy, or other livestock farms. Most of the agricultural activity in Northumberland County is centered in the northern part of the county along the main and west branches of the Susquehanna River. In Northumberland County 6,600 acres of land are in use by mining activities in the area south of Little Mountain. The county supports a balance of industrial and commercial employment in its 305 industrial and 1,389 commercial establishments. Northumberland County has 9,292 acres of state game land and only 72 acres of state park. Together, this totals three percent of the county's area. Most of these state lands are within the county's 135,300 acres of forest reserve land. In total, forested land covers approximately 47 percent of the county.

Columbia County The population density of Columbia County is 113.9 persons per square mile. There are 55,114 residents living within an area of 484 square miles. Columbia County has 9.1 percent of its population living on farms, the highest percentage in the study area. In addition to the farm residents, a third. of the total population lives in rural non-farm dwellings, and another 14.1 percent in communities having populations under 2,500 persons. There are two communities having populations over 2,500, Berwick and Bloomsburg, with 43.4 percent of the county population almost equally distributed between the two. Columbia County ranks third among the counties in the study areas having land devoted to agriculture with 46 percent of its area (141,962 acres). The dominant orientation of farming in the county is toward dairy production with a secondary orientation toward other livestock. Approximately 46 percent of the county's 1,037 farm units are in the small general and part-time farm category which is slightly above the mean for all counties in the region.

3.9-8 Approximately 51 percent (148,800 acres) of the land in Columbia County is forest land. About 17,300 acres (11 percent) of the county are designated as state game lands. Except for a small portion of Ricketts Glen State Park extending into the county from neighboring Luzerne County, there is no significant amount of state park lands in Columbia County. There is a very limited amount of surface mining activity in the extreme southern portion of Columbia County with five mining establishments operating south of Big Mountain near Centralia. Of the other 217 industrial establishments operating in the county, most are concentrated within urban areas as are most of the county's 714 commercial establishments.

Montour County With the region's smallest area (130 square miles) and smallest population (16,508 persons), Montour County has a population density of 127.0 persons per square mile. This population density is uniformly distributed. While 40.9 percent of the county's population is rural non-farm, another 9.3 percent are farm residents. Danville (6,176 persons) is the only urban place having a population over 2,500 persons within the county. A total of 50,368 acres (61 percent) of the county's 83,200 acres is devoted to farming. Of the 174 larger specialized farming units within the county, 31 percent are dairy farms. The second largest categories are poultry and other livestock with 17 percent of the larger farms in each category. Another 161 farm units are classified as smaller general or part-time farms. Only 36 percent of Montour County is forest covered. Of this there are 1,243 acres of game land and no state parks. The 32 industrial and 783 commercial establishments in Montour County are typically restricted to urbanized areas.

Schuylkill County While both its population (160,089 persons) and its land area (784 square miles) are above the regional average, Schuylkill County has a population density slightly below the average for the study area. About half of the population live in urban places with populations over 2,500 residents. Pottsville is the single largest center with 19,715 persons. The other urban places include Tamaqua (9,246 persons), Shenandoah (8,287 persons), Mahanoy City (7,257 persons), Schuylkill Haven (6,125 persons), Minersville (6,012 persons), Frackville (5,445 persons), and six other communities with populations between 2,500 and 5,000 residents. Of the 57,349 rural residents, 3,705 are farm dwellers. ,Schuylkill County is predominantly (69 percent) forested. Schuylkill County, however, is much less oriented toward public recreation with 1,500 acres of state park land and 17,954 acres of state game land. This is a combined total of 3.9 percent of the county's land area. A total of 18,132 acres of land is occupied by surface mines and related areas. This represents nearly 3.6 percent of the county's land area. Schuylkill County has 20 percent (100,325 acres) of its total land area used for agriculture. Of the county's 832 farm units, 41 percent are small general or part-time farms. Poultry, dairy and livestock farming are the major specialties in the county.

3.9-9 Luzerne County Luzerne is the most populated county in the region and second only to Lehigh as the most urbanized. Luzerne County's 267,507 residents are divided among five communities having populations larger than 10,000 persons and 19 other communities having populations between 2,500 and 10,000 persons. The larger centers include: Wilkes-Barre (58,856 persons), Hazleton (30,426 persons), Kingston (18,325 persons),

Nanticoke (14,632 persons), and Pittston (11,113 persons) ~ With its heavy urban concentration, Luzerne County has the lowest rural orientation in the region with 15.7 percent of the population classified as rural non-farm and 2.4 percent as rural farm. The population density of Luzerne County is 386.3 persons per square mile. Luzerne County's urban centers support 4,208 commercial and 1,320 industrial establishments. Of the industrial concerns there are 38 mining establishments which utilize 28,050 acres or 4.9 percent of the county's total land area. Luzerne County ranks third in forest cover with 68 percent (386,100 acres). The county supports the 1,005 acre Francis Slocum State Park and most of the 13,050 acre Ricketts Glen State Park. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources proposed a 2,981 acre Nescopeck State Park north of Interstate 80. With its industrial orientation, Luzerne County ranks low in agricultural activity with 13 percent (75,652 acres) of its land area devoted to this usage. Of the 607 farm units in the county, 42 percent are small general or part-time operations. Dairy farming is the single major specialty with 42 percent of the larger specialized farms in this category.

Carbon County With 50,573 persons distributed over 404 square miles, the population density of Carbon County (125.2 persons per square mile) is approximately one-half of the average density for the study region. Over 50 percent of the county's residents live in urban places having populations over 2,500, principally: Lehighton (6,095 persons), Palmerton (5,620 persons), Jim Thorpe (5,456 persons), and Lansford (5,168 persons). While 27.9 percent of the county's population are rural residents, only 1.5 percent are farm dwellers. This county has the least farm residency in the study area. Carbon County primarily consists of forest land (76 percent). Much of this land is utilized for public recreation in the 15,500 acre Hickory Run State Park, the 3,000 acre Beltzville State Park, and 26,900 acres of state game land. There are also plans for a new Lehigh Gorge State Park from White Haven to Jim Thorpe. In recent years, large tracts of forest land in the Pocono area of Carbon County have undergone extensive resort development. Approximately 11 percent of the land area in Carbon County is devoted to agricultural usage with 27,466 acres distributed among 222 farm units. Specialized farms in the county are dominated by poultry and dairy farms followed by other livestock farming. Over half of the farms (59 percent) are small general and part-time farm units. Farming in the county is generally restricted to a narrow valley south of Spring Mountain and a somewhat broader valley between Mauch Chunk Ridge and Blue Mountain. Typically, most of Carbon County's 561 commercial and 2,041 industrial establishments are located within urban centers. The exceptions, however, are the twenty

3.9-10 mining concerns that operate on 4,416 acres (1.7 percent) of the county's land area. Surface mining activities are located in the extreme western part of the county between Tresckow and Beaver Meadows, and along the south edge of Nesquehoning Ridge between Lansford and the borough of Nesquehoning.

Lehigh County Lehigh County supports a population of 255,304 people living on a total land area of 348 square miles. While second to Luzerne County in total population, Lehigh County has a considerably greater population density (733.6 people per square mile) and the most dominant orientation toward a single metropolitan center of all counties in the study area. Lehigh County's principal urban center is Allentown with a population of 109,527 people. Lehigh County ranks second in the study area in percent of land in agriculture. Of the 799 farm units the majority (60 percent) are classed as large specialized farms (dairy and

other livestock) ~ Urbanization and its associated activities play a major role in the land use pattern of Le hi g h County. The county supports 925 industrial and 3,574 commercial establishments. The county ranks lowest among the counties in the study area with 20 percent (43,906 acres) of its area in forest'cover. The county has 3,375 acres of state game land and no state park land. An important recreational feature from a regional and national perspective is the Appalachian Trail which parallels the Lehigh-Carbon and Lehigh- Schuylkill County lines along the crest of Blue Mountain.

Northampton County The 214,368 residents of Northampton County are distributed over 376 square miles giving the county a density of 570 persons per square mile. This is over twice the average density of the entire study area. Approximately 72 percent of the county's population is centered in communities having populations over 2,500 persons with Bethlehem (72,686 persons) being the principal urban center. Approximately 3.2 percent of the population are farm residents and another 24.7 percent are rural non-farm or residents of communities of 1,000 to 2,500 persons. Northampton County ranks high in agricultural land percentages among counties in the study area, with 107,454 acres (44.6 percent) in crop land or pasture. The county has a tendency toward smaller general and part-time farms, with 58 percent of the county's 805 farms in this category. Of the larger commercial farms, dairy farming is the dominant specialty with 45 percent of the farms in this group. Employment in Northampton County is heavily concentrated in the industrial sector, with 74.4 percent of the labor force being employed in the county's 897 industrial establishments. The balance of the 55,583 employed persons work in the 2,569 commercial establishments. Northampton ranks low among the counties in the study area in percent of forested land. 58,523 acres (24.3 percent) of the county remain in forest cover. There are no state parks in Northampton County; however, state game lands make up 1.5 percent

3.9-11 (3,561 acres) of the county's total land area. The Appalachian Trail along the crest of Blue Mountain parallels the boundary between Northampton County and Carbon and Monroe Counties. b) Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route The Sunbury-Susquehanna line which is 44 miles in length crosses approximately 23.7 miles of open land, most of which is identified as crop or pasture land. Interspersed with open land is an additional 800 feet of orchard and 2.7 miles of small farm woodlot. Except for the land near the base of the line structures, the open land will be available for crop and pasture. The line crosses approximately 15.1 miles of forest land and 1.6 miles of state game lands. The crossing of Interstate 80 near Mifflinville is the only crossing of a major divided highway by the Sunbury-Susquehanna line. In addition, there are 13 primary and secondary roads, 45 light-duty roads and 6 railroads (as depicted on the U.S. Geological Survey Maps) crossed by the line. No residences, public institutions, or registered historical features are crossed by the Sunbury-Susquehanna line. There are 71 residences, 2 churches, a cemetary and 4 commercial or industrial structures within 500 feet of the right-of-way edge. Between 500 and 1,000 feet from the right-of-way edge there are 150 residences, a school and a cemetery. A detailed inventory of 117 environmental factors on or near the line route was performed. A summary by 24 classes is given in Table 10.9-A in Part V of this amendment. c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route The Susquehanna-Siegfried line, which is 54 miles in length, crosses one partially-completed residence having been inadvertantly built on the right-of-way. The right-of-way also passes within 500 feet of 123 existing residences, while another 234 residences Iie between 500 feet and 1;000 feet of the right-of-way edge. There is one cemetery within 500 feet and another cemetery within 1,000 feet of the right-of-way. The right-of-way also passes within 500 feet of six commercial or industrial establishments. The Susquehanna-Siegfried line crosses 36.3 miles of forest land, which includes state game land and state forest lands. The line also crosses approximately 1,200 feet of reservoir (normal pool) in Beltzville State Park. The line crosses an estimated 3,000 feet of proposed state park along the Lehigh River Gorge, involving the crossing of an existing canoe trail and a proposed foot trail along the abandoned Central Railroad of New Jersey right-of-way. The line route crosses the Appalachian Trail which parallels the ridge of Blue Mountain. The Susquehanna-Siegfried line crosses approximately 15.6 miles of agricultural land. This constitutes approximately 29 percent of the total length of line route. Of this, approximately 900 feet are in orchard, 1.9 miles are in small woodlot and 13.5 miles are in crop, pasture and other open land. The Susquehanna-Siegfried line makes three major divided highway crossings. These include a crossing of Interstate 81 north of Nescopeck Mountain, a crossing of Interstate 80 west of White Haven and a crossing of the northeast extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike near the community of 'Christmans. There are 30 primary and secondary roads, 50 light-duty roads and seven railroad crossings along the line route.

3.9-12 A detailed inventory of 117 environmental factors on or near the line route was performed. These are summarized by 24 classes in Table 10.9-A in Part V of this Amendment.

3.9.3.7 Areas Of Clearing And Structure Removal

a) Selective Clearing Selective clearing of forest cover will be required on right-of-way widths of 200 feet where a line does not parallel an existing right-of-way, and widths of 150 to 175 feet where an existing line is paralleled. Outside the right-of-way, clearing will be restricted to danger trees; i.e., those trees which pose a hazard to line operation. Hence, rights-of-way will not consist of a clear cut swath through wooded areas, but rather, will be areas of very selective clearing.

Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route The Sunbury-Susquehanna line traverses 17.8 miles of forest cover which will require 175 feet of additional right-of-way adjacent to the existing Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV line. This constitutes a total area of approximately 377 acres which will require selective clearing. No structures will be removed by the Sunbury4usquehanna line.

c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route The Susquehanna-Siegfried line crosses approximately 37.9 miles of forest covered land. Of this approximately 33.7 miles of the line is new right-of-way with a typical required width of 200 feet, and approximately 4.3 miles are parallel right-of-way with an average additional required width of 170 feet. Together there are approximately 909 acres of forest land within the right-of-way which are subject to selective clearing. One partially-completed home inadvertently built on previously-acquired right-of-way will be removed before the Susquehanna-Siegfried line is built.

3.9.3.8 Special Features

a) Historical Resources Several historical sites listed with the National Register of Historic Places and the Pennsylvania Historical Site Files are located within the study area as shown in Figure 3.9-C. However, no registered sites are located within one mile of either the Sunbury-Susquehanna or the Susquehanna-Siegfried line routes. The registered historical site nearest the lines is the Union Reformed and Lutheran Church (1833). This site is registered with the State Historical Site Files and is located in Wapwallopen, approximately 1-1/4 miles east of the point where both lines exit the Susquehanna SES.

Archaeological Resources Several archaeological sites listed with the Pennsylvania Historical Site Files are located within the study area. General archaeological zones are shown in Figure 3.9-C. However, no known archaeological sites are located within one mile of either the Sunbury-Susquehanna or SusquehannaSiegfried line route.

3.9-13 3.9.3.9 Geo/ogy

a) Regional Patterns The study area lies entirely within the Ridge and Valley or Folded Appalachain Physiographic Province (Fenneman, 1938). Some of the valleys make up the Northern,

I Middle Western, and Southern Anthracite Coal Fields of Pennsylvania. In the southeastern corner of the study area is a portion of the limestone floored Great Valley section of the Ridge and Valley Province. Within the study area bedrock ranges in age from Ordovician to Pennsylvanian. Bedrock units are summarized in Table 3.9-H and the distribution of these units is shown on Figure 3.9-D. Economically, the most important bedrock formations in the study area are the post-Pottsville coal-bearing formations of Pennsylvanian age. Almost the entire study area was covered by glacial ice at some time during the Pleistocene Epoch. The boundaries of glacial deposits from three different glacial stages, Jerseyan, lllinoian and Wisconsin, have been identified by Lohman (1937) and others as shown in Figure 3.9-D. These deposits range in thickness from a few feet to several hundreds of feet. In most of the study area, outside the Wisconsin terminal moraine, the glacial deposits are quite thin or absent except along the major stream valleys. Recent alluvium is another type of surficial deposit occurring in the study area. These deposits are mostly thin and insignificant in this part of Pennsylvania.

b) Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route The transmission line route originates on the south flank of a rolling anticlinal valley underlain by undifferentiated rocks of the Devonian age Chemung formation, Portage group, Hamilton formation, Marcellus shale, and Onondaga formation. The bedrock in the area is mantled by a varying thickness of glacial drift and alluvial material (Lohman, 1937, PPSL, 1971). After crossing the Susquehanna River, the route roughly parallels the river to the north and Nescopeck Mountain to the south. The rolling to hillytopography of this area is a product of differential erosion of the undifferentiated Devonian rock formations and the Devonian Age Catskill continental group. The route then crosses the alluvial filled valley of Catawissa Creek and subsequently traverses the northwest slope of Catawissa Mountain. From Catawissa Mountain to the Sunbury Substation the route traverses a rolling to hilly, very broad topographic valley, where the minor ridges and hills are the result of differential erosion of the less prominent ridge forming rock formations such as the more sandy members of the Devonian units.

Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route From the plant site to the Nescopeck Mountain crossing, the route is underlain by undifferentiated rocks of the Devonian age Onondaga formation, Marcellus shale, Hamilton formation, Portage group, Chemung formation and the Catskill continental group. These rocks form a rolling to hillytopography developed on an anticlinal valley. South of Lindberg, the route crosses over Nescopeck Mountain which is composed of the Pocono sandstone. South of Nescopeck Mountain the route enters the anthracite'coal fields east of the major coal producing areas. Bedrock in this area is

3.9-14 predominantly the valley-forming Mississippian age Mauch Chunk formation composed chiefly of red and green shale and sandstone., Approximately 2-1/2 miles northeast of Rockport, Pennsylvania, the route crosses the Lehigh River gorge cut through the Pocono sandstone highlands consisting of Summer Mountain, Bald Mountain and others. After traversing the Pocono sandstone highland the route crosses an area of rolling to hilly topography underlain by the Devonian age formations, plus the Oriskany sandstone, Helderberg limestone, Cayuga group, and the Clinton formation. Approximately 1-1/2 miles east of Aquashicola, the route crosses Blue Mountain, a persistent ridge formed by the Tuscorora sandstone marking the west boundary of the Great Valley section of the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province. From Blue Mountain to the Siegfried Substation the route traverses rolling to gently rolling topography produced on the Ordovician age Martinsburg formation that consists of fissile carbonaceous shale and slate overlain in some areas by soft sandstone.

3.9.3. 10 Soils

a) Regional Patterns The soils of the study area have generally weathered in place from sedimentary gray-red, or yellowish red shale, sandstone, or siltstone, as well as glacial till and conglomerate. Minor amounts of soil have developed in colluvium and alluvium derived from similar parent materials. The soils generally have a deep, well-drained profile and are acid or strongly acid. Rocky textures predominate throughout the area with common classifications being channery, stony, gravelly or shaley silt loams; and stony, gravelly, or sandy loams. Most of the soils exist on sloping to steep landforms and are usually eroded, sometimes to a severe degree. A map of dominant soil associations is shown in Figure 3.9-E. Generalized soil characteristics are given in Table 3.9-I. The natural agricultural quantities of these soils are generally classified as fair or poor, although limited areas are classified as good, and very minor areas may be considered excellent. The principal agricultural limitations of stoniness and steepness cannot be easily mitigated by improving management techniques. Other problems include erosion hazard, acidity, low natural fertility, shallowness, poor water-holding capacity, and poor drainage. The best soils for farming are the more level phases of the soil associations containing Washington, Mifflinburg, and Hartleton soil series, although proper management is required.

b) Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route The natural agricultural quality of the soils along this route is approximately 1— 3 percent excellent, 35 —45 percent good, 30 —35 percent fair, and 25 —30 percent poor. The Sunbury-Susquehanna line route crosses a total of 28,700 feet of grade 30 percent or steeper, where the potential for erosion exists. c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route The natural agricultural quality of the soils along the route is approximately 3 —5 percent excellent, 3 —7 percent good, 70 —80 percent fair, and 15 —20 percent poor. The Susquehanna-Siegfried line route crosses a total of 14,500 feet of grade 30 percent or steeper, where the potential danger of erosion exists.

3.9-15 3.9.4 Alternative Line Routes And Selection Criteria

A process was employed to evaluate the environmental impacts for a large number of alternate line routes in detail to identify the environmentally optimum routes. From a general analysis of the environmental patterns within the region, a 1,050 square mile Sunbury Study Area and a 1,210 square mile Siegfried Study Area were defined to encompass all potential transmission line routes between the Susquehanna SES and the respective Sunbury and Siegfried terminal points. The process employed in the analysis of the Sunbury-Susquehanna and the Susquehanna4iegfried 500 kV line alternatives had two objectives: 1) to consider as many routing alternatives as possible, and 2) to consider as many environmental factors as possible for each alternative route. In order to systematically consider a large number of routing alternatives (Objective 1), a computerized network analysis was employed. To address the many divergent factors within the natural and man-made environment (Objective 2), a multi-disciplinary approach to impact analysis and route selection was taken. The principal disciplines represented in the analysis group were: regional and community planning, forestry, aquatic and terrestrial biology, geology and soils, cultural resources, landscape architecture, civil engineering and electrical engineering. The identification and analysis of alternative line routes proceeded in three major phases. Each phase of the process employed a progressively more detailed analysis focused on a correspondingly narrower range of routing alternatives. Phase I —Regional Analysis- was a general study of the overall environmental character of the entire study areas. Phase I I Network Analysis — involved the computer assisted analysis of a large set of environmental factor types within a complex system of alternative routing combinations (i.e., network). Phase III — Final Selection of Alternate Line Routes —was a detailed evaluation of the specific environmental characteristics for a number of alternative transmission line. routes. The three phases of the study are discussed below-in further detail.

3.9.4.1 Phase I —Regional Analysis a) Data Collection In Phase I the interdisciplinary study group collected and reviewed existing literature relating to the natural and man-made environment in the study areas. This literature included state, regional and local planning policy, regional and local environmental data inventories and technical studies on environmental features indigenous to the study. areas. The data gathered were consolidated on the base maps for the two study areas. A field reconnaissance of the study areas was then made by the study group to verify and supplement the data on the base maps. b) Data Constraint Analysis Following the field reconnaissance, the study group identified features and areas representing extremely sensitive environmental zones which would be impacted by a new 500 kV transmission facility. In general, such exclusive zones included: urbanized areas, special and unique natural features, airport and communication facility exclusion zones, and special and unique cultural features.

3.9-16 A final step in this analysis was the delineation of a system of corridor segments (network) which bypassed sensitive zones wherever possible, and restricted unavoidable crossings to the least detrimental passages. Included in the system of corridor segments were possible parallel routings with all existing HV and EHV transmission lines in the study area. The result of the Phase I analysis was a loosely structured network of interconnected corridor segments between the Susquehanna SES and the terminal points.

3.9.4.2 Phase II—Network Analysis

The second phase of the alternative line routing process focused on a detailed quantitative analysis of environmental factors within each segment of the two corridor networks and a comprehensive analysis of all possible routes through each of the networks. There were three basic tasks required in the network analysis: 1) refinement of the environmental network alignments and data base, and field inspection, 2) quantitative inventory of environmental factors along each network segment, and development of relative sensitivity weightings associated with the environmental factor types, 3) determination of the minimum impact path through each of the two networks, and analysis of select alternative line routes. a) Refinement Of The Network And Data Base The areas within each segment of the corridor network were studied on the data base maps and aerial photographs to determine precise optimum alignments of potential rights-of-way within each corridor. Where necessary, additional detailed local data was collected and mapped along each segment of the network. This refinement process resulted in a network of 448 interconnected right-of-way segments or links between the Susquehanna SES and the Sunbury Substation and a similar network of 660 links between the Susquehanna SES and the Wescosville-Siegfried interconnection. These networks are diagrammed in Figure 3.9-F. The two networks were analyzed to determine a listing of environmental factors that were unavoidably crossed by the various network links. Ultimately, the 117 factors summarized in Table 10.9-A (Part V) were identified for consideration. A second field reconnaissance of the two networks was then made by the study group to verify and supplement the data base with respect to the 117 factors along each of the network links. Field inspection indicated further refinements in the initial network alignment and environmental factor list. b) Inventory And Weighting Of Environmental Factors Once precise right-of-way alignments were made for all network links, each link was inventoried to empirically establish the quantity of each environmental factor type in or near the various links. These data were tabulated and coded for computer processing. Next, the-overall sensitivity to environmental impact of each network link was determined as a composite function of the 117 environmental factors inventoried. Since the environmental factors were of dissimilar character and relative sensitivity to impact, it was necessary to weight each factor type in order to convert the inventoried data to a common

3.9-17 measure of impact sensitivity. The weighted data for each factor type were then summed for each link to establish a composite environmental impact sensitivity score on each of the network links. c) Minimum Impact Path Analysis And Alternative Path Analysis After establishing the impact sensitivity of each link of the networks in Step b, it was possible to determine the relative impact sensitivity of any given path through the networks. The impact sensitivity score of a given path was taken as the sum of the impact sensitivity scores of all the constituent links in the path. With a measure of relative impact sensitivity for any given path, various paths could be designated and comparatively evaluated. In order to identify the environmentally optimum path through a network, a, computerized minimum path algorithm was employed. The minimum path algorithm systematically analyzed the weighted networks and identified the single unique path that had the lowest environmental impact score among all possible alternative paths through the networks. In addition to the minimum environmental impact path analysis, alternative paths (pre-selected on the basis of construction and right-of-way acquisition costs) were comparatively evaluated in terms of their respective sensitivity to environmental impact. Detailed environmental data on the various alternative line routes considered in the study are presented in Part V of this amendment.

3.9.4.3 Phase III—Final Evaluation OfAlternate Line Routes

The third phase of the route selection process was more detailed than the first two phases. This phase included a field inspection of the alternative line routes identified in Phase I I. This investigation involved both ground level and helicopter inspection. In this phase the study group updated data on the environmental factors along the alternate routes and recorded significant qualitative deviations from the factor norms. This level of study also involved the analysis of additional environmental factors which could not be quantified in Phase II, such as visual exposure, the crossings of the proposed Lehigh River Gorge State Park and other special features encountered along the route. Finally, the ultimate selections of the Sunbury4usquehanna and Susquehanna- Siegfried line routes were based on comparative economic, environmental and reliability considerations among the various alternatives. These considerations are discussed in Part V (Plant Design Alternatives) and in Part Vl (Summary Benefit-Cost Analysis) of this amendment.

3.9.5 Electrical Environmental Characteristics

The SusquehannaZIegfried and the Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV lines are electrically similar except for a short section of the Susquehanna-Sunbury line exiting the Susquehanna SES. This section is approximately four miles in length and is of a double- circuit configuration. From an electrical effects standpoint the only other difference between the lines is the extent to which they will be paralleled by other transmission facilities.

3.9-18 The Sunbury and Siegfried circuits parallel each other for approximately 1.7 miles upon leaving the Susquehanna SES. The Sunbury line continues as one circuit of a double-circuit structure for another 2.3 miles and shares a corridor with the Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV line. The Sunbury 600 kV line then makes the transition to.a single circuit structure and continues to parallel the Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV line for the remainder of its length. The Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kV line parallels the Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV line for about 0.8 miles in an easterly direction after breaking with the Sunbury- Susquehanna 500 kV line. Approximately five miles north of the Bossard Substation, the Siegfried 500 kV line picks up the Siegfried-Harwood 230 kV line and parallels it to the Siegfried Substation. The structure relationships are shown in Figures 3.9-G and H. Reference distances used in the calculations and plots are referenced as follows: (1) single structure corridor: centerline of structure (2) multiple structure corridors: a point one-half the distance between the centerlines of the structures AII HV and EHV alternating current overhead transmission lines may produce several types of electrical effects resulting from corona, electromagnetic, and electrostatic inductions. In general, the incidence and magnitude of these effects will depend upon the following: (1) line to line voltage (2) conductor type (3) conductor surface condition (4) line geometry (6) meteorological conditions (6) line loading and to a lesser extent on construction and maintenance practices used during and after line construction. The electrical environmental effects which may be produced by corona include: (1) generation of ozone and oxides of nitrogen (2) audible noise emission (3) radio and television influence The electrical effects of transmission line inductions include: (1) electrostatically induced voltages and/or currents (2) electromagnetically induced voltages and/or currents

3.9.5. 1 Corona

Corona is a localized partial electric discharge that occurs when the electric field strength (voltage gradient) on the surface of an energized transmission line conductor exceeds the critical gradient in air. The energy dissipated during corona is derived from the conductors. Consequently, from the viewpoint of the transmission line, it constitutes a loss, commonly known as "corona loss". Corona loss depends upon conductor surface gradient, operating voltage, line design, weather conditions and conductor surface conditions. Corona loss calculations for the proposed lines were made using the base case method for two

3.9-19 probabilities and are shown in Table 3.9-J (EPRI, 1975). Corona during most fair weather conditions is generally small and for all practical purposes is negligible. However, during foul weather conditions, (rain, fog, snow, etc.)'orona is not negligible. In the following subsections, the magnitude of the effects associated with corona for the proposed line design are discussed. Assessment of the anticipated effect on the environment and people is developed in Section 5.5.

3.9.5.2 Ozone And Oxides OfNitrogen

Chemically, ozone is 03, a special type of oxygen molecule containing three atoms. Ozone is produced naturally by lightning discharges and solar radiation reacting with hydrocarbon airborne molecules prevalent over metropolitan areas (Scherer, 1972). Corona can also produce ozone and oxides of nitrogen in the air surrounding the conductor. The production and the diffusion of these effluents depend on corona loss, average conductor height, line orientation in relation to wind direction, wind speed and other meteorological conditions. Man-made production of nitrogen oxides is more difficult because higher energies are required than for ozone production (Frydman, 1972). Consequently production rates of oxides of nitrogen are at least an order of magnitude smaller than for ozone (U.S.D.H.E.W., 1970). Significant naturally produced and man-made levels of ozone and oxides of nitrogen have been measured (Scherer, 1972). These levels are caused in part by the solar induced Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Photolytic Cycle causing maximum levels of ozone of 0.500 parts per million at elevations of approximately 20 kilometers (Ibid). High concentrations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide are produced when the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, coal, etc.) react in the sunlight (Ibid;

Frydman, 1972) ~ Also great quantities of nitrogen dioxide are released in the natural decomposition (bacterial action) of organic matter. Ozone concentrations have been measured as high as 0.240 parts per million in large metropolitan areas (Scherer, 1972). Nitrogen dioxide concentrations have been measured as high as 0.560 parts per million 1-hour average in large metropolitan areas (Frydman, 1972). The State of Pennsylvania has no emission rate standards for transmission lines and none have been reported in the literatures of CIGRE (International Conference on Large Electrical Systems), ANSI (American National Standards Institute), or the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). Therefore in PPSL's uses, the standards that apply for ozone and oxides of nitrogen are the Environmental Protection Agency's Ambient Air Quality Standards. These standards specify limits on the photochemical oxident (ozone) concentration to a level of 0.080 parts per million by volume maximum 1-hour concentration not to be exceeded more than once per year. The EPA has also adopted standards for ambient concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (USEPA, Air Pollution Control Office, 1971). These standards limit nitrogen dioxide concentrations to 100 micrograms per cubic meter (0.05 parts per million) annual arithmetic mean concentration. Extensive field and laboratory investigations have been conducted by several electric utilities and research institutions to determine the level of ozone emissions from

3.9-20 EHV lines. During a one year period from October 1970 to October 1971 a joint field measurement program was undertaken by the American Electric Power Service Corporation (AEP) and the Battelle Memorial Institute for the purpose of determining whether ozone emissions from 765 kV lines would contribute significantly to existing ozone levels (Frydman, 1972). A similar study. was made by the Illinois Institute of Technology and Research during a 19 month period from 1971 to 1972 (Fern, 1974). In addition, laboratory studies instituted by AEP in cooperation with Ohio State University were carried out to determine production and decay rates of ozone at gradient levels equal to or greater than those levels found on practical transmission lines (Sebo, 1972; Roach, 1973). All of the above studies concluded that there are no adverse environmental impacts due to gaseous emissions from transmission lines. An ozone survey conducted by the Environmental Sciences Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory obtained measurements at selected points on the reservation including points under a 500 kV transmission line (Auerbach, S.l. 1973). Background levels of 0.02 PPM were recorded with values under the transmission line ranging from 0.021 to 0.034 PPM. On one occasion values as high as 0.230 PPM were measured. This high level was attributed to a temperature inversion. This survey indicates that it may be possible for pockets of ozone to form under meteorological conditions favorable to the formation of temperature inversions. The maximum 1-hour concentrations of ozone have been estimated by analytical methods. Each of the corridor configurations were examined and the results are given in Table 3.9-K for the conditions noted. The maximum 24-hour average of oxides of nitrogen above ambient is given for the left and right edges of right-of-way for each of the corridor configurations in Table 3.9-L.

Section 5.5.1 ~ 1 indicates that the low levels of ozone and oxides of nitrogen produced due to the cumulative effect of both the 500 kV and 230 kV lines are well below the maximum levels recommended by the EPA.

3.9.5.3 Audible Noise

All 500 kV overhead transmission line conductors may be sources of audible noise consisting of crackling sounds, broadband noise and pure tone hum. The type and intensity of this effect depend upon the conductor surface gradient, the conductor surface condition, the amount of moisture on the conductor, and the local meteorological conditions. The following investigation of audible noise emission considers the possible effects on the comfort of the public near the transmission line right-of-way. Crackling sounds are produced during fair weather and foul weather conditions. Except at very high surface gradients, audible noise from transmission lines during fair weather is approximately the same as the surrounding ambient noise. However, during fair weather, conductor surface imperfections, insects, dirt, burrs, scratches and any other sharply pointed particles may be points where the air, normally an insulating medium, is overstressed and locally conducts electricity in the form of a spark, thus causing the crackling.

3.9-21 During periods of wet weather, broadband noise occurs. When the conductor surface is wet, water droplets on the conductor are stressed electrically. When they leave the conductor surface in the form of corona streamers, they also produce the crackling noises. The occurrence and intensity of these noises depend upon the conductor surface condition, the electric field intensity and the number of water droplets and their location on the conductor surface. Pure tone hum is essentially a wet conductor phenomena and is most pronounced during periods of high corona loss. The hum is produced by the movement of the space charges produced by conductor corona. Transmission line audible noise sound pressure levels are expressed in dBA using a standard reference pressure of 20 micronewtons per square meter. The "A" weighted response is similar to that of the human ear and is widely used as a single number rating for audible noise. The highest audible noise emission from overhead lines occurs during heavy rain conditions. Under these conditions, the general ambient noise will greatly increase due to the falling rain. Also under these conditions a reduction in public activity near the line is expected. Lesser audible noise emission from overhead lines occurs during light rain or fog conditions. However, under these conditions there will be no increase in the general ambient noise nor should there be any reduction in public activity near the line. In view of this, audible noise emission during fog or light rain is probably the worst condition. For the purposes of this report, this condition will be called the wet conductor condition.

a) Evaluation Of The Audible Noise Impact On The Environment Evaluation of the corona-produced audible noise from EHV overhead transmission lines depends upon: (1) land use designation for noise control (2) ambient audible noise prior to lirie energization (3) acceptable levels of audible noise emission (4) lateral distance to right-of-way (5) magnitude of transmission line audible noise The transmission line routes generally pass through rural areas consisting of farmland and forests (See Table 3.9-M). Typical ambient audible noise levels along the corridors may be expected to range from approximately 35 dBA in farmland and parkland to more than 45 dBA in industrial and commercial areas. In order to evaluate the impact of transmission line audible noise, the Bonneville Power Administration developed a general guideline based upon public response to transmission line audible noise (Perry, 1972). According to this study numerous complaints may be received if line noise exceeds 58.5 dBA and few complaints will result if audible noise is limited to 52.5 dBA. Figure 3.9-I illustrates in more detail the public response typically to be expected for various audible noise levels in a variety of land use types. The noise criteria is based on the quality of speech communication in relation to the background level and distance between the speaker and stations of 20 feet. The relationships shown in Figure 3.9-J are for young adults with normal hearing, speaking the same dialect. Persons under 13 years of age,

3.9-22 people over 65 years of age, hard of hearing persons, and people communicating with dialect differences are likely to require even quieter conditions.

Audible Noise Analysis Of The Proposed 500 kV Transmission Lines The anticipated audible noise emission from the designs for the 500 kV transmission lines have been estimated using an analytical method for wet conductor conditions and for heavy rain conditions (EPR I, 1975). The anticipated audible noise emissions from the proposed 500 kV corridors are shown in Table 3.9-N. These are the maximum levels that would be expected with the indicated voltage under wet conductor conditions. When the conductors are wet (period of light rain or snow, extended periods of fog), the audible noise from the line will be approximately the level in Figure 3.9-K (Wet Conductor). For periods of heavy rain the audible noise of the transmission lines will be approximately the same levels as labeled Heavy Rain in these figures. As discussed in Section 5.5.1.2 the environmental impact of audible noise from the proposed transmission line is expected to be minimal.

3.9.5.4 Electromagnetic Influence

Corona from overhead EHV transmission lines may also produce electromagnetic influence especially during heavy rain, heavy fog, and other periods of inclement weather. This influence is present over most of the radio communication spectrum and may affect the quality of reception of radio and television signals near the right-of-way. The level of influence is expressed in terms of dB referenced to one micro-volt per meter (dBp). Gap type discharges also produce radio influence. However, these are localized from conductor to line hardware, hardware to hardware, etc., and may be easily and quickly detected. The hardware may then either be repaired or replaced. Also, use of the following practices during the design and construction of the circuit will help to eliminate gap type discharge sources of audible noise: (1) proper selection of major components (2) specify and apply adequate mechanical loading Influence on standard FM broadcast radio reception is generally not a problem. The reasons for this are two-fold: (1) Coro n a generated radio influence decreases in magnitude with increasing frequency and is quite small in the FM broadcast band (88 to 108 MHz), and (2) the excellent interference rejection properties inherent in FM radio systems make them virtually immune to amplitude type disturbances. a) Radio Influence The radio influence (Rl) from the proposed 500 kV lines has been calculated for foul weather conditions (EPRI, 1975). The Sunbury-Susquehanna and Susquehanna-Siegfried transmission lines form various corridor configurations depending on whether they are alone or paralleling other high voltage lines. Five different configurations are shown in Figure 3.9-H.

3.9-23 Of the five different corridor configurations examined, the paralleled 500 kV structures (Section 1-1) represent the highest levels of Rl. This section includes both the Sunbury-Susquehanna line and the Susquehanna-Siegfried line. The maximum level during fair weather at the edge of the right-of-way is 81 dBp occurring at that edge of the right-of- way nearest to the 500 kV d/c line. Rl levels are given in Table 3.9-0 for each corridor section. Fair weather Rl levels are expected to be 22 dBp below foul weather levels (EPRI, 1975). In order to maintain good AM radio reception, a signal to noise ratio of 24 dB is recommended. During fair weather an antenna located at the edge of the right-of-way could be expected to give good reception quality for all those stations having signal strengths of 83 dBp or better. This represents 59 dBp of radio influence during fair weather (81 dBp-22 dB) plus a 24 dB signal to noise ratio. Figure 3.9-L indicates the levels of foul weather Rl with respect to lateral distance for each of the corridor sections examined.

b) Television Influence Television influence (TVI) is generally a visual disturbance in the television broadcast band. It may be seen as bands of speckled interference rolling upwards from the bottom of the screen. The TVI produced by corona is summarized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Subcommittee on Radio Noise as follows: "No confirmed data exists which would in fair weather point to the conductor as a source of interference in the television frequencies" (I EEE, Radio Noise Subcommittee, 1971). However, corona from the proposed 500 kV line during foul weather and times of peak voltages (positive cycle) may produce some measurable television influence known as "Precipitation television influence" where there is moisture on the conductors resulting from precipitation, fog, etc. This precipitation type television influence is a distributed phenomena. There are few methodologies for predetermining precipitation type television influence. An effort has been made to correlate precipitation type television influence with foul weather radio influence. For 500 kV lines precipitation type television influence has been found to be less than 2 percent of foul weather radio influence (29dB above 1

microvolt per meter) at a point 200 feet from the outermost conductor (Clark, 1970) ~ This low value is not expected to cause any significant television disturbance. c) Other Communication Facilities Corona producing electromagnetic interference on communication facilities such as television lines and railroad communications and others will be analyzed on an individual basis, due to the unique problems and solutions associated with each case. PP&L will take necessary measures to reduce electromagnetic interference to acceptable levels.

3.9.5.5 Public Safety

Regardless of voltage class, all overhead, energized, load carrying transmission lines have an associated electric field and magnetic field. These two fields and their effects are virtually independent of each other and may be analyzed separately. To analyze these fields it is necessary to consider two coupling modes: 3.9-24 Electrostatic Induction —voltages induced by energized conductors by capacitive coupling (2) Electromagnetic Induction — voltages induced by current carrying conductors These coupling modes may be capable of causing harm in the following ways: (1) Electric shocks that in themselves may cause physical harm (2) Unexpected, electrically harmless shocks which may cause involuntary responses that may result in unsafe acts a) Electrostatic Induction Effects Electrostatic effects may be present when objects possessing conductive characteristics (including people) are insulated from ground and near an electrically energized overhead conductor. The effects would be caused by electric (electrostatic) fields which surround all energized conductors. The four general techniques which can be used to reduce electrostatic effects are: (1) increasing the distance between the energized conductor and object (2) grounding the object (3) use of shielding (4) proper phase arrangement Extensive research on electrostatic effects has been performed at special test facilities and by various electric utilities. This research has resulted in a number of publications discussing the effects of electrostatic fields on metallic objects, such as fences, gutters and vehicles (IEEE Working Group, 1971; Deno, 1974; Reiner, 1972). Methods for calculating these effects have also been presented. Other research addresses the effects of electric fields and currents in people (Singlewald, 1973; Daziel, 1972; Hubbard, 1973). Safeguards are considered in papers by Hubbard and the IEEE Working.Group on "Electrostatic Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines" (Hubbard, 1973; IEEE Working Group, 1973). The intensity of the electric fields at ground level is expressed in units of kilovolts per meter. It has been determined that an average person will feel a slight tingling sensation when exposed to an electric field having an intensity of 15 kilovolts per meter or greater (Reiner, 1972). This electric field intensity is called the "perception level" or the "threshold of sensation." Dalziel has studied the effects of current on people and has determined that the let-go current is 6 milliamperes (mA) for 99.5% of the women tested and the let-go current for 99.5% of the men tested is 9 mA (Dalziel, 1972). The let-go current is defined as the maximum current a person can tolerate and can still release an energized conductor by using muscles directly stimulated by that current. The proposed 7th edition of the National Electrical Safety Code (232,D,3.C) recommends that the maximum electrostatic short circuit current be limited to 5 milliamperes root mean square (RMS) if the largest anticipated vehicle under the line were short circuited to ground. A large vehicle having the dimensions of 8 feet wide, 44 feet long and 12 feet high located parallel to the transmission line, on dry pavement, and in an electrostatic field of 8 kV/m or less will sustain a short circuit current no greater than 5 mA (Deno, 1974). Thus, in general, for most highway applications a peak electrostatic field of less than 7.5 kV/m would be acceptable. 3.9-25 The Johns Hopkins University conducted a 9-year study on 10 linemen working in close proximity of HV and EHV lines and reported their conclusion: "The health of these 10 men has not been changed in any way by their exposure to HV (345 kV) lines..." (Singlewald, 1973). Another area for concern arises for EHV transmission lines passing close to parking areas or service stations where combustible vapors may be present. It has been reported in the literature that gasoline vapors may theoretically be ignited by spark discharges having an energy greater than 0.25 millijoule (Deno, 1974). Unless vapors are confined, natural wind currents would tend to reduce vapor concentrations so that no ignition problems would exist (IEEE Working Group, 1971). This reasoning is reinforced since not a single case confirming gasoline ignition due to power lines has been reported in the published literature.

, The maximum values of the ground level electrostatic gradient have been analytically determined for the proposed 500 kV lines. The values are shown in Table 3.9-P for the corridor configurations. Figure 3.9-M plots the magnitude of the electric field with respect to lateral distance for each of the corridor sections examined. PPSL presently has approximately 110 miles of transmission line operating at 500 kV with no significant problems reported due to the electrostatic field. With the expansion of the 500 kV system similar operating performance is expected. b) Electromagnetic Induction Effects Any current carrying conductor has a magnetic field. The intensity of this field is directly proportional to the magnitude of the current flowing in the conductor, the length of the conductor, and the power system frequency and inversely proportional to the lateral distance away from the conductor. If this current is an alternating current and the conductor is paralleled by a second conductor a voltage will be induced on the second conductor. Some methods which are of practical value in reducing electromagnetic effects are: (1) increasing the distance between the energized conductor and object (2) grounding the object (IEEE Working Group, 1973) The strength of a magnetic field is commonly expressed in units of Webers per square meter or Gauss. This report will deal in units of Gauss, 1 Gauss being equal to 0.0001 Weber per square meter. Studies have been made and are in progress to evaluate the effects of low frequency magnetic fields on human beings. Two recent studies were made by Johns Hopkins University and the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute (Singlewald, 1973; Beischer, 1973). The study by Johns Hopkins University concluded that no ill effects could be determined due to exposure to high voltage transmission lines. The second study subjected 10 men to fields of 1 Gauss at 45 Hz for periods of up to 24 hours during a 7-day period. This study concluded that there were no effects which could be attributed to the magnetic field. However, 9 of the 10 subjects showed an increase in serum triglycerides within 48 hours after exposure. This could not be definitely linked to the magnetic field.

3.9-26 Electronic pacemakers have been found to show minor temporary rate changes that were clinically insignificant when the patients were exposed to fields of 1.35 Gauss Peak (Symth, 1972; Bridges, 1971). All the pacers remained within clinically safe limits and none of the 53 patients could feel any physical change. For comparison purposes a common heating pad generates a field of 2 Gauss (Beischer, 1973). The IEEE Working Groups in Electromagnetic and Electrostatic Effects of Transmission Lines have prepared a report dealing with problems and safeguards relating specifically to transmission lines (IEEE Working Group, 1973). This paper addresses itself mainly to problems encountered by utility personnel in the maintenance and construction of transmission lines, however, many of the corrective measures have general application and could be applied to fences, irrigation pipe, gas pipelines and other conducting objects. Electromagnetic hazards to the public can be eliminated by increased spacing and proper grounding procedures. The intensities of the electromagnetic fields under the proposed 500 kV transmission lines have been estimated using an analytical method for the maximum loading condition of 3470 amperes per phase. Where the 500 kV line is to parallel the Susquehanna-Sunbury 230 kV- single-circuit horizontal line a maximum load current of 1250 amperes per phase is assumed. The Siegfried-Harwood 230 kV line uses a double circuit structure and a vertical conductor configuration. A maximum loading of 1640 amperes per phase is assumed for this line. The electromagnetic field was calculated at an elevation of 10 feet above ground for each of the corridor configurations. The results of these studies are shown in Table 3.9-Q. At ground level the maximum value occurs for the 500 kV double-structure corridor. Figure 3.9-N plots the magnitude of the field with respect to lateral distance for each corridor section. As discussed in Subsection 5.5.1.4 with the limitations noted, it is the opinion of PPSL that the values of the electromagnetic field calculated for the proposed 500 kV lines are safe for man.

3.9-27 3.9 REFERENCES

Following is the literature which is directly or indirectly referenced throughout Section 3.9.

Auerback, S. I., D. J. Nolson and E. G. Struxness, Environmental Sciences Division Annual Progress Report, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, February 1973.

Anderson, J. G. and L. E. Zaffanella, "Project EHV Test Line Research on the Corona Performance of a Bundle Conductor at 1000 kV," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, pp. 223-232, January/February 1972.

Beischer, D, E„J. D. Grissett, and R. E. Mitchell, "Exposure of Man to Magnetic Fields Alternating at Extremely Low Frequency," -Bureau of Medicine and Surgery MF51.524.015-0013BEOX, July 30, 1973.

Belz, J., Interim Soil Survey for Selected Areas of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1968.

Brett, J ~ J. and A. C. Nagy, Feathersin the IIIIind, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association, 1973.

Bridges, J ~ E., et. al., "Susceptibility of Cardiac Pacemakers to ELF Magnetic Fields," Technical Memorandum No. 1, IIT Research Institute Project E-6185, Prepared for U.S.

Naval Electronic Systems Command, April, 1971 ~

Carbon County Planning Commission, Comprehensive Plan, April, 1965.

, Land Capability Plan for Carbon County, June 1975.

, Open Space Recreation Study, 1970,

Carey, B., et. al., Soil Survey of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1963.

Carmer, C. L., The Susquehanna, Rinhart & Co., Inc., New York, 1955.

Clark, C. F. and M. D. Loftness, "Some Observations of Fou'r Weather EHV Television Interference," Transactions Paper 70-TP-104-PWR, Presented at 1970 Winter Power Meeting in New York, January 25-30, 1970.

Columbia County Planning Commission, Comprehensive Sewer and IIIIater Plan, 1968.

, Development Plans, 1970 (as amended 1972).

3.9-28 , Introduction to the County Comprehensive Plan, 1968.

Dalziel, C. F ~, "Electric Shock Hazards," lEEE Spectrum, pp. 41-50, February 1972.

Deno, D. W., "Calculating Electrostatic Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines," Paper No. T-74-0865, Presented at the 1974 Winter Power Meeting in New York, 1974.

Dunbar, C. O., Historical Geology, 2nd Ed., John Wiley 5 Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1963.

Economic Development Council of Northeastern Pennsylvania, Northeastern Pennsylvania: Toward the Year 2000, 1975.

Edison Electric Institute, EHV Transmission Line Reference Book, New York, New York, 1968.

Electric Power Research Institute (EPR I), Transmission Line Reference Book, 345 kVand Above, Palo Alto, California, 1975.

Erdman, K. S. and P. G. Wiegman, Preliminary List of Natural Areasin Pennsylvania, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, 1974.

Fenneman, N. M., Physiography of the Eastern United States, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N. Y., 1938.

Fern, W. J. and R. I. Brabets, "Field Investigation of Ozone Adjacent to High Voltage Transmission Lines," IEEE Transactions Paper T74-057-6, Paper Presented to IEEE PES Winter Meeting in New York, New York, January 27-February 1, 1974.

Fisher, G., et. al ~, Soil Survey of Carbon County, Pennsylvania, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1962.

Frydman, M. A., Levy and S. E. Miller, "Oxidant Measurements in the Vicinityof Energized 765 kV Lines," Transactions Paper T-72-551-0, Presented at 1972 Summer Power Meeting in San Francisco in July, 1972.

Gary, C. H. and M. R. Moreau, "Predetermination of the Rl Level of High Voltage Transmission Lines: Part I —Predetermination of the Excitation Function," IEEE Paper No.

71 TP 661, Presented at the 1971 Summer Power Meeting, Portland, Oregon, 1971 ~

, "Predetermination of the Rl Level of the High Voltage Transmission Lines: Part II —Field Calculating Method," IEEE Paper No. 71 TP 662, Presented at the 1971 Summer Power Meeting, Portland, Oregon, 1971.

3.9-29 Hall, G. M., Groundwater in Southeastern Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Water Resource Report W-2, 1934.

Hubbard, D. C., "Providing Protection Against Electric Shock During Line Construction," Conference Paper C-73-520-4, Paper Presented at 1973 Summer Power Meeting in Vancouver, Canada, July 15-20, 1973.

IEEE Radio Noise Subcommittee Report, "Radio Noise Design Guide for High-Voltage Transmission Lines," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS —90,

No. 2, pp. 833-841, March-April, 1971 ~

IEEE Working Group, "Electromagnetic Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines, Practical Problems, Safeguards and Methods of Calculation," Paper T-73-441-3, Paper Presented at 1973 Summer Power Meeting in Vancouver, B. C. Canada, July 15-20, 1973.

, "Electrostatic Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines," Part I and II, Transactions Paper 71-TP-G44-PWR, Presented at 1971 Summer Power Meeting in Portland, Oregon, 1971.

Joint Planning Commission, Lehigh-Northampton Counties, A Comprehensive Plan, 1964.

Juette, G. W. and L. E. Zaffanella, "Radio Noise, Audible Noise, and Corona Loss of EHV and UHV Transmission Lines Under Rain; Predetermination Based on Cage Tests," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, pp. 1168-1178, July-August, 1970.

Kent, C., F. Smith and C. McConn, Foundations ofPennsylvania Prehistory, Anthropology Series of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1971.

Kinsey, W. F., I I I, Archaeologyin the Upper Oelaware Valley, Anthropological Series No. 2 of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1972.

LaForest, J. J., M. Baretsky, Jr., and D. D. MacCarthy, "Radio Noise Levels of EHV Transmission Lines Based on Project EHV Research, "IEEE Paper TP-65-706, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-85, No. 12, pp. 1213-1230, December, 1966.

Lipscomb, G. H., Monroe County, Pennsylvania, Interim Soil Survey Report, Vol. I and II, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1970.

Lohman, S. W., Groundwaterin Northeastern Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Bulletin W-4, 1937.

, Groundwater in South-Central Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Water Resource Report W-5, 1938.

3.9-30 Lower Anthracite Valley Region Planning Commission, Comprehensive Development Plan.

Luzerne County Planning Commission, The Comprehensive Plan Report for Luzern County Pennsylvania, 1968.

MacNeish, S., "The Archaeology of the Northeastern United States," Archaeology of Eastern United States, edited by James B. Griffin, The University of Chicago, Press, 1952.

Montour County Planning Commission, Comprehensive Sewer and Water Plan, 1968.

Montour County Soil and Water Conservation District, Long Range Program, 1970.

N orthumb erland County Planning Commission, Comprehensive Development Plan, 1973-1990, September, 1973.

Northumberland County Soil and Water Conservation District, District Program, 1963.

Parrish, P. H., et. al., Soil Survey of Columbia County, Pennsylvania, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1967.

, Synder County, Pennsylvania, Interim Soil Survey Report, Vol. I and II, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1971.

Pennsylvania Department of Commerce, 1972 Pennsylvania Abstract, Division of Documents, 1972.

Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters, Outdoor Recreation Horizons, 1970.

Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction, Pennsylvania; Water's Program, Work Project Administration, Oxford University Press, New York, 1940.

Pennsylvania Fish Commission, 1976 Summary of Fishing Regulations and Laws, 1976.

, Pennsylvania's Endangered Fish, Reptiles and Amphibians, 1975.

Pennsylvania Game Commission, Protected Birds and Animalsin Pennsylvania, 1975.

Pennsylvania, General Assembly, Senate BillNo. 293, Introduced February, 1975.

Pennsylvania Land Policy Project, A Land Use Strategy for Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Office of State Planning and Development.

Pennsylvania Power & Light Company (PP&L), Northeast Regional Development Guide, May, 1975.

3.9-31 , Susquehanna Region Development Guide, June, 1972.

, Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, Preliminary Safety Analysis

Report, Docket No. 387 and 288, April, 1971 ~

Pennsylvania State University, Land Use Decisions, College of Agriculture, Extension Service.

Perry, D. E., "An Analysis of Transmission Line Audible Noise Levels Based Upon Field and Three-Phase Test Line Measurements," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, pp. 857-865, May-June, 1972.

Poole, E. L., "Pennsylvania Birds," Livingston Pub. Co., Narberth, Pa., 1964.

Reiner, G. L., "Electrostatic Effects near HVAC Transmission Line: Field Tests and Computer Results," Paper C-72-187-8, Presented at 1972 Winter Power Meeting in New York, New York, 1972.

Roach, J. F., V. L, Chatier and F. M. Dietrich, "Experimental Oxidant Production Rates for EHV Transmission Lines and Theoretical Estimates of Ozone Concentrations Near Operating Lines," Transactions Paper T-73-414-0, Paper Presented at 1973 Summer Power Meeting in Vancouver, Canada, July 15-20, 1973.

Scherer, H. N., C. H. Shih and B. J. Ware, "Gaseous Effluents Due to EHV Transmission Line Corona," Transaction Paper No. T-72-550-2. Presented at 1972 Summer Power Meeting in San Francisco, July, 1972.

Schuylkill County Planning and Zoning Commission, Existing Land Use, July, 1964.

Schuylkill County Soil and Water Conservation District. District Program, November, 1964.

Sebo, S. A., et. al., "Measurements of Effluents Due to EHV Transmission Line Corona Laboratory Test," Paper Presented at The Canadian Communication and EHV Conference, November 1972.

Singlewald, M. L., O. R. Langworthy, and W. B. Kouwenhoven, "Medical Follow-up Study of HV Linemen Working in AC Electric Fields," IEEE Transaction of Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-92, pp. 1307-1309, July/August, 1973.

Smith, I. F., III, "Notes on a Financial Proposal to PP&L for Archaeological Research Within the Susquehanna Site Area," Unpublished Paper on File at the William Penn Memorial Museum, 1968.

Smith, J. F., III, "The Parker Site: A Manifestation of the Wyoming Valley Culture," Pennsylvania Arcaheologist Vol. 43, Nos 3-4, December, 1975.

3.9-32 Smyth, N. P.D., M.D., et. al., "Effects of an Active Magnetometer on Permanently Implanted Pacemakers," Journal of the American Medical Association, July 10, 1972.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Association Map of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, Mimeo.

Staley, L. R., Soil Survey ofNorthampton County, Pennsylvania, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1974.

Taylor, A., et. al., Soil Survey of Montour and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1955.

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC), Final Environmental Statement, Related to the Construction of Susquehanna SES Units 1 and 2, Pennsylvania Power Ei Light Company Docket No. 50-387 and 50-388, June 1973.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Area Reports: Pennsylvania Summary Data, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population, 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristics: Pennsylvania, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.

, Number of Inhabitants: Pennsylvania, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns, 1971, Pennsylvania, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.

U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (USHEW), "Air Quality Criteria for Photochemical Oxidants," National Air Pollution Control Administration, Washington, D. C., March, 1970.

U.S. Department of Interior (USDI), "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants," Federal Register Vol. 40, No. 188, pp. 44412-44429, 1975.

, "Threatened Wildlifeof the United States," Resource Publication 114, 1973.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), "Air Quality Criteria for Nitrogen Oxides," Air Pollution Control Office, Washington, D.C., January, 1971.

, "Environmental Protection Agency Regulations on National Primary and Secondary Ambient AirQuality Standards," 40 CFR 50;36 FR 22384, November 25, 1971; as amended by 38 FR 25678, September 14, 1973.

3.9-33 3.9 —TABLES

Following are the tables referenced throughout Section 3.9. Titles included in this section are:

Table 3.9-A Right-of-Way Data 1. Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route 2. Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

Table 3.9-B Regional Land Cover and Land Use

Table 3.9-C Regional Tree Species

Table 3.9-D Regional Recreational Land

Table 3.9-E Regional Farm Types

Table 3.9-F Regional Population

Table 3.9-6 Regional Employment Base

Table 3.9-H Regional Geology

Table 3.9-I Soils 1. Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route 2. Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

Table 3.9-J Calculated Corona Loss

Table 3.9-K Calculated Ozone Concentrations

Table 3.9-L Calculated Concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen

Table 3.9-M Typical Land Use Classifications

Table 3.9-N Calculated Audible Noise

Table 3.9.0 Calculated Radio Influence

Table 3.9-P Calculated Electrostatic Gradients

Table 3.9-0 Calculated Magnetic Field Strength

3.9-34 Required',, Width of Area of Required'idth Width of: of: Additional. Additional

L'en 9th E Existing! ROW ROW Required Segment of, Line: IFeet) l.ine New'onfig., Required (Acres)

Parallel! with existing!

Sunbury;Susquehanna 230 kV* 222,600 E 150E 175:

Parallel',with proposedf 162.5'25 162.5'94.3 Susquehanna SiegfriedE500 9,000E 325" 33;6

kV,'OTAL

231',600 E 927.9 (43.9 mi.);

'With respect to, the Sunbury line;,the SiegfriedEline is, considered! to be existing, and,the required 325.foot right of way is equally divided between the two lines..

PENNSYL'VANIA,POWER St LIGHTCOMPANY, SUSQUEHANNA.STEAM EL'ECTR IC STATION UNITS:1 AND 2,! APPLICANT'S'NVIRONMENTALREPORT, AMENDMENT5:

R I GHT.-OF' WAY DATA. SUNBURY'-SUSQUEHANNA,L'INE ROUTE

TAB L'E3'.9-Ai, Required Required Width of Area of Width of Width of Additional Additional Length Existing New ROW ROW Required Segment of Line (Feet) Line Conf ig. Required (Acres)

Parallel with proposed Sunbury Susquehanna 500 kV 9,000 325 162.5'50 162.5'75 Parallel with existing Sunbury-Susquehanna 230 kV 4,400 325 17.7

New right of way 184,400 200 846.6

Parallel with existing East Palmerton L. Harmony (outside of BWA" land) 32,800 '00 150.6 Parallel with existing (north) Siegfried Harwood 230 kv 20,000 150 325 175 80.3

Parallel with existing (south) Siegfried Harwood 230 kv 27,000 150 300 150 93.0

Parallel with existing E. Palmerton L Harmony (within BWA land) 6,400 100 14.7

TOTAL 284,000 1,236.5 (53.8 mi)

With respect to the Siegfried line, the Sonbury line is considered to be existing, and the required 325 foot right of way is equally divided between the two lines. 'Bethlehem Water Authority (BWA)

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER St LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

RIGHT-OF-WAYDATA SUSQUEHANNA-SIEGFRIED LINE ROUTE

TABLE 3.9-A2 (IN ACRES)

North- North- Caibon Coluiiibia Lehigh Luzerne Monroe Montour arnpton umbeiland Schuylkill

Forest" 196,400 158,800 43,906 386,100 295,400 30,300 58,523 135,300 345;200

Cro'p" 24,283 105,842 104,750 69,674 33,.134 38,940 109;193 '. 95;360 76,477

Pasture" 625 7,908 6,500 16;-203 6,221 5,000 7;584 „8;500 4,321

~ I Surface Mine"" 4,416 28,050 '- 6,600 18,132

Other 32,836 37,210 67,564 67;013 56,285 8,960 65,340 44,160 57,630

TOTAL" 258,560'09,760 222;720, 567,040 391,040 83,200 240,640 -. 289,920 501,760

Souice: "Penna Abstract, 1971 ""County Repoits

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LANDCOVER AND LAND USE REGIONAL

TABLE 3.9.B White pine (Pinus strobusJ White oak (Quercus albaJ Pitch pine (P. rigida) Bur oak (Q. m'acrocarpa) Va. pine (P. virginiana) Chestnut oak (Q. prinus) Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Red oak (Q. rubraJ Aspen (Populus spp.) Black oak (Q. velutina) Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Pin oak (Q. palustrisJ Hickory (Carya spp.) Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera J Paper birch (Betula papyri fera) Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis J Sugar maple (Acer saccharum J Gray birch (Betula populifoliaJ Red maple (A. rubrum) Red birch (B. nigra) Silver maple (A. saccharinum J American beech (Fagus grandi foliaJ Basswood (Tilia americana) White ash (Fraxinus americana)

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

TREE SPECIES REGIONAL

TABLE3.9-C Ilk ACRESj

North- North- Carboh Coltimkia Lehigh Lljzerne Moriroe IVlbnto0r ampton umbarland Schuylkill

State Park" 15,500 14,055 77;144 76 1,500

Game Land"" 26,090 17,306 3,375 32,853 34,747 1;243 3,561 9,292 17,954

Source: "Penna. Abstract, 1971 ""Periria. Game Ne&s

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RECREATIONAL LAND REGIONAL

" TABLE 3.9.D NUMBER OF FARM UNITS

North. North- Carbon Columbia Lehigh Luzerne Monroe Montour ampton umberland Schuylkill

Cash Grain 58 98 29 95 54 26

Other Field Crop 12 47 12 21

Vegetable 28 10 28 28 27

Fruit and Nut 24 18 17

Poultry 22 42 23 18 19 101

Dairy 22 168 87 172 33 71 209 157 105

Other Livestock 16 116 84 22 18 34 50 172 97

General and Miscellaneous 18 99 90 65 21 26 71 71 90

Total Farms Over S2,500 Annually 91 556 482 351 108 174 469 596 489

Part. time and Farms Under $2,500 Annually 131 481 317 256 123 169 336 386 345

All Farms 222 1,037 799 607 231 343 805 982 834

Source: Census olAgriculture, 1969.

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FARM TYPES REGIONAL

TABLE 3.9.E IN NUMBER OF RESIDENTS

North- North- Carbon Columbia Lehigh Luzerne Monroe Montour ampton umberland Schuylkill

Rural Farm 741 5,018 7,020 8,330 1,883 1,527 6,907 3,932 3,705

Rural Non-Farm 13,343 18,394 39,643 53,820 26,398 6,759 44,117 27,156 53,644

Place 1,000— 2,500 population 4,447 7,776 4,882 12,644 2,796 2,046 9,192 8,767 19,613

Place 2,500+ 32,042 23,926 203,759 267,507 13,345 6,176 154,152 59,335 83,127

TOTAL POPULATION 50,573 55,114 255,304 342,301 45,422 16,508 214,368 99,190 . 160,089

Source: Census of Population, 1970

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 84 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

POPULATION REGIONAL BY SIZE OF PLACE

TABLE 3.9.F IN NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

North North Carbon Columbia Lehigh Luzerne Monroe Montour ampton umberland Schuylkill

Agricultural 47 235 126 48 14 126 36 19 Services'ining 511 40 74 1,818 2 270 448 2,401

Construction 285 692 4,463 4,651 730 297 2,983 1,098 1,273

Manufacturing 7,047 10,793 39,163 49,042 4,581 2,800 49,769 13,641 24,156

Transportation and Utilities 482 699 6,738 5,169 399 242 2,561 1,421 1,760

Wholesale 108 522 5,989 5,259 455 66 2,051 992 1,903

Retail 1,767 2,570 16,390 16,089 3,015 516 8,938 4,815 5,655

Finance 313 1,658 14,339 12,985 4,049 1,511 8,028 3,563 4,303

Other 26 19 101 235 54 93 42 140

Total Non Farm'1,833 17,450 91,956 99,713 13,883 5,506 76,955 26,921 43,127 Farm '38 733 773 901 233 108 632 Sour'ce: 'Penna. Countv Business Patterns, 1971 'Census of Population, 1970

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER St LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

EMPLOYMENTBASE REGIONAL

TABLE 3.9.G Age (Thickness, feet) Lithology

Recent Alluvium Clay, silt, sand with some gravel occurring along flood- (0-200+) lains of recent streams C g Wisconsin Glacial Drift Boulder-clay till with some interbedded gravel sand o and I I linoian (0-300+) lenses, stratified drift (glaciofluvial sand, gravel and g Jerseyan clay) occurs mostly along ancient and recent stream valleys UNCONFORMITY

Post-Pottsville Sandstone, shale, clay shale, many workable anthracite formations coal beds (1500-2500) Pennsylvanian Pottsville formation Mostly hard quartz sandstone and conglomerate, a few (200-1400) thin carbonaceous shale and slate beds with a few workable coal beds

Mu'nch Chuck shale Mostly red and green shale and sandstone (200-2000) Disconformity Mississippian Pocono sandstone Massive, hard, gray quartz sandstone and conglomerate, (600-1600) some shale toward base Disconformity

Catskill continential Mostly'non-marine red and gray shale, sandstone and group conglomerate Upper (1800-6000) Devonian Chemung formation Mostly shale and standstone with a few beds of (380+1 conglomerate

Portage group Hard,'fossiliferous sandstone, gray to brown and black (1500-3100) shale and some thin, hard gray limestone

Hamilton formation Fossiliferous gray sandy shale and sandstone, also a (1100-1600) few thin beds of calcareous shale, and limestone Middle Devonian Marcellus shale Fossilferous gray to black shale, some sandstone

(400-800+) I

Onondaga formation Fossiliferous cherty to non'-cherty limestone, thin bedded, (0-200) contains some shale at base

Oriskany sandstone Mostly quartz sandstone and conglomerate with some sandy (40-400) fossiliferous limestone, chert, and shale

Lower Helderberg limestone Mostly blue fossiliferous, cherty limestone, thick bedded Devonian (200-400) with some sandstone and shale

Cayuaga group Red, green, gray sandy shale, sandstone, and limestone, (1400-2000) mostly thin bedded

Clinton formation Mostly hard resistant quartz sandstone, some interbedded (800-1000) zones of fossiliferous limestone, calcareous shale, quartzite and conglomerate Silurian Tuscarora sandstone Mostly hard white quartz sandstone, quartzite and (100-400) conglomerate UNCONFORMITY

Ordovician Martinsburg shale Gray to black, fissile carbonaceous shale metamorphosed (2000-3000) to slate. in some locations,'verlain by yellowish green soft sandstone

Source: Hall, G. M., 1934, Ground Water in Southeastern Pennsylvania, Bulletin W-2, Penn. Geological Survey.

Lohman, S. W., 1937, Ground Water in Northeastern Pennsylvania, Bulletin W:4, Penn..Geological Survey.

Lohman, S. W., 1938, Ground Water in South Central Pennsylvania, Water Resource Report W-5, Penn. Ground Survey

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8( LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

GEOLOGY REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN

TABLE 3.9 H

CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR SOIL ASSOCIATIONS SVSGVE HANNATO SUNSURV ROUTE

Naharal Map Son Nstwel tarent Ayrlcultvral thysIoyr'ephlo Symbol Sd Anoc4tion County Oapth Ttxtwa Dra»ays Mater4I Owlny Stole Lvd Vsa tot(don

Anonwood-watson Srrfder shanow Grluerly Good Redsh slnkme Exccnshc 4ttfwuyh Lewl to scocp Ceherany low Ridyn Moltnyl vo Ihdon IO prep wld ~nd sandal«w Nodes oasgyi fvmed Noded liltkwn

Ahkotchkv Ncnhumbor»nd Onp Silky loam toot Sill Ind c4y Excenws if lain Gtrwlny Atony Praiiousiy Dubois Evcndnoyc amadis Of Igt'y ~nuflws drained (onrw. farmed hawa tckleMontyomery C4y kern wise poor( dalneya

Sert Deep Shaiy tgt Good po«f Ackl abel»now, level to snap tntwa, Shay t oydcfgtcm pay f ksm ~halt st44P, poor orchvds dakuyh 1 ~fodn naif

Sark owe non Co4mbia Deep Ownnary Coon Acid slw» Gooddrovyhty Lara lo slopiny C«wrany syt kwn 4rmad

Cohmb» Deep Craialy Good Sand ahd gravel peddovghly Level Gtnerany Tvrece Seasorwl fkediny luferne sandy kws fvmed fke4Ain In some veal

Dciaib.xafaiton. Schuyi'Cia Shallow to Stony loam Coed s«Khtorw IAd FM (althcxxys (xvtl to Itstp Caner any lowfidgas Svbject so fornt Orifton darn. or kom gfnfa tgl ped ih aohw WOCK»d ~hd hkhv fun, shor l drcwndiny vast( Irony, shale Iidges yfOWihyIalxxl Oh IIOPCI aesa, Alkw vouon huvd

IO Dekarb-Pocono Co4mbia Deep Stony loom Good Seek»M ahd Pcofcow INtihty Stnp to Scrub liras Edyemcnl Urnfre nuaftrka ehd di'ovyfity yahtly nopilriy Weod4hdt

Dskacowokwt Morwour Shak« Oh«Very Good Gray sandstorw Poor vfwkxe. Undvnnrw co Scrvb SandstoM out«ops alt »am ~hd A» dfferklO It«If wood»e» on steeper ridyn cvkrrnt

IS flechwedlanon4- Schvylkin Oaep lo Stony, Good sandstone. Pcercow nawa Gant» to Scrub Valleys CaN f»hh, IiuwDwhps Northumbcrland shnlow sandy kwm conykxhwstas. fvtwty,nosy mx4rnay seep Weecgahdt art(nt 4 scant nuvtlital lorest Ives

ly HagcntOwhycrks Vhkm Shaiafw to Cherty or Good Unknown Good to Iak. Nearly level Gsnereny Vnknown Dale as «I rhodcf1\cly Ilslyait s»pn, pfalow to ItttP Nrmad data laws

Moheuc Shanow to Shaty sgl Fair Febchwlow, level lo farhwd chd Hny areas High Nosixr halaAI modvatrty k«ll ~anoAa wftricn, vvy storp foftstrd dorp ~rodes enny, »w drperdiny natvral Nrtiiity oh dope

2I Klirusrglt. Sdwylkin Shanow to Shsiy snt Good G4c4t«l rd Peer devyhty, floilinyto ld» fvm Rd A» Sons in lony Leds Kln CI4mb» moderately loam Altahd ~dd. Ihanow. ehd ffseP »hd ridye pwana rwrowwash Snydrr ~vidaoiw IOW nnur Il te fnj« H Its efosicA hsing MOhnvr fertility vvleyt

Chsny G«xl to . Chvty f4k.»w natural S»pfhg Co fvmed and Tops ond Igt loahl Poof Iiiheafuw 4flgioyncKif ttatP f«ected slOpos ol wOrksbility, ridges ~foc4I os sly

~oorawdlws, Ganny slopiny Gerwr1ily Sansof Itaan SlfehyiyaCid acct. vvy lo mad«nay WOOC»d m«mtsiA ddn aony Itarp

Linsida Ashkxv N«thumbsrland Deep Sandy cc toor to Rifsr GOOd (txtwiNfl Gener any lamer sons we l4ACvlytoh ~illyIovn yood ~nw4m to fair, »rmcd oktn f»odd dfpchdrW on wevwni

22 Mcckaaiil»KNKOOA. Lvnfrw Deep Channwy Go«g to SshdstoM and Fairoteny, stean. Gently dogie Davy VP4nd vanefs freopen present Lack Kyl ~hd Itchy rfKKivlcay ~hale saasehal wtlmlc, to modarattfy fvmkry whkh rasvkts lOam and y«xl yiac4I tgl low fertahy ltaen pwmntwlity Idt »sm

Maid»huffy»yo Noruumber»nd Deep Sillkxm fvr Washed from Coodwn Genarany floads rtprlvfy Hony gin4I deposits fvmad of I«whose, sha4. elc.

giitfiinbwyKvtnown. N«lhvmbarlvd Dttp lo Sgt ehd Good Cat«4«e Excclkht Crncrany Vp»ALbfcwd Dfcxxfhy,mOC4fata N«temgerland vlfyslwnow Atyslit ~Iw» fvmed low fklycs 1IKI wosicxl hslafd learn yvuii1 ~loon

Mitfsi4wy. MOCKOur Deep Sgt kws Good to Exconont Gener any Undu4tiny Good ayfkvkural WamkrgnAW«rior ~om«AI 4rmad up»nds nels wiwfIwtsharc p«x 4 not ~ pron«n

31 Mohtaiasl0-SNC o Schvylkili Shalkhf to Clwhnery Good G4C4tad Afn Fairetaop, high LtvtlIO Enuany Mihof iowa artas Hare»on Deep ON kws ~hd 14AIslaAtl ~ros»n harvd. away dopiAg fvmad end ~vbjen lo fiOOdiny. d'Ovghty forested Stronyly add nlk are nrhtwlwI waded.

Onuaga 4hd Lofdstowfv Lvc«M Mod«any Channery ahd Good Ssndskuw Ind Peur Otaep. stony IAxkrateiysteep Forntad Some newly tvticai Aran Rock Ovtcrop Steep to aony sgt AiegiK4I co vsfy a cap CliffINOPfnohl shallow kwn btl

Ocarags IAILofdstswis'vswM Deep awvwy eeg Cood co Ssdstone and Daiy Dnactd fr«Posh present l»rdieWelkbvo aony ak Somewhat nwle y4c41 4rming Ind piataavs whkh rtstrxtt kwn cin gsiM lwfdl permeability. Vertinl«ilk pfetch t

Rshuck-Nonon Crvaiy cu Coed Rag sitta«w, Good to Nir. Gently uhgu»tiny Gvwaly Unde»twy lack Knl ChahAKy IshdaoM, It44p laxiy, to steep fvmad VPI4hdl Kyihcwgla Mt loam ~hd shalts Ifsnew

Nonhumbcrland Vary shallow Sounsrs Good her. S»pfhy to very Scrub forest Suey ridycs Scww parpenduvlar fehup kelt«a Inca a die mistcnt

Scrip MieN. Ccgvmc» Vwlous Vwious Various Vvious Gor tfy sloping Send Var»us Extrsmci'I KkL I4da lacy Lvlvha lo Itnp vegetation bve. Ihstf wli»

TrexkrComfy Coed«adrs Gereraly Srodridges Moderatvy eroded enny, I«hchhlt farmed ~hd gwit» poof dfaksge hin siopn

WashklgtOA Wesnwd Excenaht l«ra to roniny farmed Vndu»tiny High natwal t4yarstowsy«lford nmraoM dth lip4hdl INti4ty,eny 104lieh CafsfM to tn

cl WatnAWvr»A Deep Gfwaiy Somewhat Grey sha» ahg Falrvratneu, Uhdulat»y tO Ganerany VrK44tiny StroAgly Kid, Comfy ~iN lashs POOf svidaoAI ~fesioh steeply aopihy 4rmed uplands eongwction 4yef 04c4I tin in svbroll

42 W«lierl Wats«v Nortfembef»d Shalow to chahnvy Coed Sselstone or Cmtly stopiny Enuaiy Son modwat sty Hveiton. Anenwood modsratay ail hwm ~cid shat IO IteeP fvmed Ind ~reded deca foreat«f Montaur

Wensboroleck arena Shat»w Chess«y er Good 4 fair. steep. EcffaN Low ridyrt Frrcfpan present. MorrlaOchraya aohy tgt poor mony, diffksgt fveud ond ~nd adn of wrongly acid »sm te till foroaed val4ys

Westmorc»hdlkl Shat»w lo Sgt loam Good G»c»ld Ex«nant 4lthovgh G«w any Sro4dva»yt Modefslay Nod«l IACKkfately nmay Ale AIIOw,dcxxfrty) 4rmed deep

ag' whca~scjotjeb» N'«gums«»hd Deep Silos Good "AITC(mao ed' Goof(vmdn Farm«f,' Terrace( cny to lrs Shydw ~andy kws ~nwiws enny, 1«so lo roilihy avrw wbvs Iboe nits Union wan«a 4«l noodp4ins Noded,~Iorao fkediiny

waaav Rafters. Moderately Channery Giac4I tat Goodcnsomsly Generally Roililny. lordstown deep silt kwn high water table, fvmed y4c4»d droughty vPINK»

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER S( LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT6

SOILS TABLE SUNBURY-SUSQUEHANNA LINE ROUTE

TABLE 3.9-I1 0 CHARACTERISTICS OP MA)OR SOIL ASSOCIATfONS SUSOUE HANNATO Sl E0 FR I ED ROUTE

Nahvsl lkp S«1 Natwsl tsrsnC Aprkvlleral tfkdpag thyalograpMO Symbol SOB ANOc4tkn Covrhy OCDA T«fire Droll»gs lktN41 Ovalky Slope lend Use toaition Rrnarlv

I AI4nwood.Wathm Shahow to Crmetly snd Radish DTCatone Excolknl fathough Caner agy Moffsoils vt deep agt k»m vx) sanmtor» ~rodes slaty) fvmsd «oded

2 Ahon Chshang« Gfsvffiyof Sand«one end Good «ony, Nearly level to Unknown GisCkl S«ts we acid, Tiogs ChNVWy Shalt OutweA fftcp dmughty vefy stol« t«races snd sorM floding ~andy kwh NKIslnhtl vffIeyl of loam

Deposits frolla Good co poor Nnrly lava to G4c41 ~hvktoho shd Iten'I ffesp very Itccp trroces, male droughty OF VP4Aja, IAj a vpkhd depressions

NorpwaCKOn Deep Shvy lilt Acid«ay shak gavel»llew, Ltv« to stoep tatters and Rovncedhiris, 10NFI Itttt, POOF OfCl»fdl Iiden anj detfhgs. 4vct VDWKI~ ~rodn sassy

7 Chcnshgo-Barievr. Lvr«M Gravelly Level Generally Tvraces. Savonal fkodmg Pope sandy kwh fvmed 1Kedplair» In some vsas

d Sanmtor» lnd level to Urknown Lew Ill«shy Sano peat bogs, Wk cc ~thtly slopihg vms Of fmek oxila «Cask FFNItv

Dtlolb.Hllltton Carbon Sheik« co Sandatv» end fak fvtleugh Level lo ffttp Low ridges Sub)ecc co Orilton Schuylkgl deep. tf«41 tid god )h soh» ~nc highV Iorea fret. thon Moruoe depenCing ven) »tony, Ihal~ ficta D'owlhg n«CVI, Oh IIODO ~tnp, IhagCW «cwon hacvd

10 Dcaarbtocono. LVICfht Stony loom Good Sanmtone ond Poor t«v far. Stnp to Ecgcmont cvaftli\e 'Iflftyshd clcxxtrt'y grhly IIopihg

12 Dull»kgRVd« Ocrthampcon ExcetlrnC 1Vthough Gently rolling Some fvm Broad vp4nds Soka ere eroded, Lehcfa ~r«4I soapy) to SttlP kg line Mgh roaion «one cawtn have

13 a EdgemOnt-BVCF»nan MOnrOO Deep to Stony, sandy Vviovtcohgkea. leva Io Unknown Up4nCI sr»liow kwh or lovh ~rff0 gl«41 gritty alopihg d«KNin

10 E~lkWOrth Very aony. Moderately Svxfaloht vad ~OOr~ Nearly level Io Ufclhowra High pktnut Fragipan prncnt macy kwrl good to good ~iitscoht WIIM«,stony modsf Itrylttap vmich rntrk4 gk04l Apoaits mr Icttd pefmnbgfty prmoabilky

Id Ouaniita. Modcran to Forest«i or Upper Movntafh Some orctwds avldatorN shj vry Itocp Dntwo akpn coAjofrNFKt

IS flectwoodlesv»4. Schuyilill Dnp to Srldatoht. Pe«Cow Mt wat Gent»co Valleys Coal 1isola. kiu» Dvmpl shallow cogolvNfstta INC NIT.«Ony momranty Itstp Sec)oct to rspeatd «avlritea lore« lets

fIestwoodnatalk Good to G4c4tad Levtl lo awtp Generally Rig)nb«ween Cofffierdvns, Poo( s«KiatoAI end woCKkd coal fNlds srociOn hnard Congkrhwan

19 Harlnon Wielerl. Channory or Exc«knt fafthovgh MoCcratsty sueD C«» ally low shalt SVOngly ICkl. Alknwood D'NOII'I ««ka naily) Armed rkg« nga vo «0C«l sgt loam

21 Klinesvilo lech Schuylcill Sh«IOW Io Shaly Sgt Cood Gkcktdrd Porckeuthty, Roiled Co asap Idio krra Redah«0 rMfa Saga in long KM Carbon moc«ael'y loam ~hfftshc Ksl ah«IOw land parapet to rwrow areas. High M«r«t Acp ~end%IOM hlaj« vafltyl ~roiionlvlvd frtilrky

Ca«en poofahfcparv Gef tfy Coping to Generally Bvea of ascp Svongiy sdd lehigh ffotp vw'y rnocratety Ittap wooc4d IhouflniAsides Schvyhtll ashy

23 Lordatown. Sh«low 10 Very aony Grey gr«)at level Io v«y Gehereliy Ridges and Very svongfy acid SAVtawo«l deep liltIovra tid ~tetp woomd IIopes

RogjiAbrown POOr«CCPV «Ony, kkKkfCNN sin« Schm Rfdgn tnd owhainovs. glaC4l bll Ih(KI«swing KFOOVNKN ~lopes fore« firt nlaoh low hnard FNI«at ftrtilrty

21 MscleoriatOKendron. LvINM Good so SahjatoM end Fairatshy, StocP. Gently slopihg to Davy fvm Uplvd valleys frat'pan prnsnt Lock KN moc«at«y Ifhk14C41 ~«son«wetf»n, FFKKINattly snop Ing wnch reatrk la goolf tid low fsnilky psrrrNAilhy

31 Montevakoder C s. SChvy'Ikiit Shaikvr IO Gt«ktd sh«n Fauotnp, h off Level to Itnpiy Equvly MiAxion« vtlc HarlnOn Carten deep vld I«vga\Chal ~foaerl INFvd, ~loping fvnwland sub)act lo Rood. Wovghty loreaed Svongly Ktd. Soiik wo mmcwhat lrod«L

Momsv«IO. ShallOw 10 ChanrNry Shak, slate, fab«np, Sloping co Itnp Generally Hid slopes Moderately woded Trhflar rrlomfltffy agc Horn 14c4I ~foAInvcy, fwmed dnp meterkk droughty

Oblate NKllofdatowh'vlsfho MOdaletely i Channery shd Sandatont end Poor«tep. Modratffystoep Movntak Some nevty Aron Rock Oukrop dttp to ltohy lift sh«t gi«4I srony to vry atseD ridges lhd nftical clrffl Aaiiow koe till ockl vt pfncht

Oftvh«snd lordanwn tvc«r» Sand«one end fakohagcw. WryIvm. Dhas« d frsppan present IlknhnWclhboro shW g4c4I ashy. Ien«»l lng and 04teevl which rntric4 tgl w«hen Dvhe INldl parmaabiilhy. Venkel elf is tutffh,

Svip mines i«err» Various Vvkus Various Scn4 Var'eus Exvrnel yacht. 14dt land Carbon Vegenboh INfe Ihnr fleck

TrtxierConuy Shaly Giac41 tgl Cood«odn Un«mting to Generally Bfodrljgn Mod«et«y voc4d tiltlovh ~hd fray Ihalt nsily. Somewhat Itaap farmed ~hd gshik pov drab»go hik CIOpn

WcmkrgtoAOvtf»kl Woad»red Excehent Extanaho as ban Rh»IIOM ohd 4ndi soll gi«4I till mfhewt»I ofodd

WOWero l«kewanl G4041 cgf Fliroteep, Level to stoep Efarvly Lowridges ond frngpen pl«ant, MVFNOCI»ga niwy,*flkvlt farmed ond sides ol strongly scd Co tN forested vagsys

01 Wurtaorodwrvwood. IllkA'ot Good co Gkckld Good to kv. Gency sloping G4ciatd High wct« Volh4 son»wt»t Nhdatoho shd ~«tonal wsvess, to rnoc4fltffy upkhds tsbit dwIng POOF IF»Is Apohts «any anp stetp wct les«IN

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

SOILS TABLE SUSQUEHANNA-SIEGFRIED LINE ROUTE

TABLF 3.9-I2 I'J Probability~ of» Exceeding

Ljine Type 0% 230~ kV/S/C, 3 19'7~ 230)kV D/C; 5 500; I<'V~"V.'8/C'0%.9) 162 S/C'00'Ic 22:

36'4'onditions: 1,1 6% of'nominal'voltage

PENNSYL'VANIAPOWER'5 L'IGHT COMPANY SUSQUEHANNA,STEAM'EL'ECTRICSTATION UNITS 1I AND>2,", APPLICANT)'S:ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENTi5

CAL'CUL'A'TED'CORONALOSS KW PER MILEOE LINE

TABLE 3.9-J Edge of Right-of-Way Left Hand Right Hand Maximum

1. "Sunbury 5 Siegfried 500 kV D/C Delta 5 500 kV S/C Hor. 0.022 0.026 0.038

2. Sunbury (Siegfried same) 500 kV S/C Hor. 5 230 kV S/C Hor. 0.009 0.007 0.014

3. Sunbury 500 kV D/C Delta 5 230 kV S/C Hor. 0.020 0.014 0.029

4. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. 0.009 0.009 0.013

5. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. & 230 kV D/C Vert. 0.010 0.007 0.014

Conditions: Maximum corona loss, 2.5 mile per hour stable wind along 5 mile length of line, 110% of nominal voltage.

"Common Corridor PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

CALCULATEDOZONE CONCENTRATIONS PARTS PER MILLION(1 HR.)

TABLE 3.9.K Edge of Right-.of-..Way Left Hand Right Hand Maximum

1. "Sunbury 5 Siegfried 500 kV D/C Delta 5 500 kV S/C Hor. 0.0012 0.0014 0.0021

2. Sunbury (Siegfried same) 500 kV S/C Hor. 5 230 kV S/C Hor. 0.0005 0.0004 0.0018

3. Sunbury 500 kV D/C Delta 5 230 kV S/C Hor. 0.0011 0.0008 0.0016

4. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Nor 0.0005 0.0005 0.0007

5. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. 5 230 kV D/C Vert. 0.0006 0.0004 0.0008

Conditions: lVlaximum corona loss, 2.5 mile per hour stable wind along 5 mile length of line, 110% of pominal voltage.

"Common Corridor PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

CALCULATEDCONCENTRATIONS OF OXIDES OF NITROGEN 'ARTS PER MILLION(24 HR;)

TABLE3.9-L CLASS A Parks Private Hunting Lands Residential Areas Fishing Clubs Mobile Home Parks Preserves Motels State Lands Commercial Living Accomodations Cottages CLASS C Bungalows Dormitories Agricultural Property Estates (with acreages) Farms and Livestock Industrial CLASS B Commercial

Camping Facilities CLASS AA Recreation and Entertainment Where persons communicate by speech Lands where the quality of serenity, Golf Courses tranquility and quiet are of Race Tracks extraordinary significance.

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT6

TYPICAL LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONS

TABLE 3.9-M Wet,Conductor IEdge of .Right-of-Way :Left Hand Right Hand

1. "Sunbury '& Siegfried 500 kV D/C Delta & 500 kV.S/C Hor. 63

'2. Sunbury (Siegfried same) 500 kV S/C Hor. & 230,kV'-S/C Hor. 58 55

3. Sunbury 500 kV'D/C 'Delta '& 230 kV S/C Hor. 58 55

4. Siegfried 500 kV:S/C Hor. 58 '58

.5. Siegfried'500 kV S/C Hor. & 230 kV D/C Vert. '58 ,54

Conditions: 110% of nominal voltage;,conductor at average height

",Common Corridor

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER &;LIGHTCOMPANY

. 'SUSQUEHANNA,STEAM:EL''ECTRIC.STATION 'UNITS',AND,2 APPLICANT'.S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT.5

CALCULATEDAUDIBLENOISE dB REFERENCED'TO 20 MICRONEWTONS PER METER SQUARED

TABLE 3.9-N Fair Weather FouI Weather Edge of Right-of-Way Edge of Right-of-Way Left Hand Right Hand Left Hand Right Hand

1. "Sunbury 5 Siegfried 500 kV D/C Delta 5,500kV S/C Hor. 53 59 75 81

2. Sunbury (Siegfried same) 500 kV S/C Hor. & 230 kV S/C Hor. 54 53 76 75

3. Sunbury 500 kV D/C Delta 5. 230 kV S/C Hor. 59 49 81 71

4. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. 52 52 74 74

5. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. 5 230 kV D/C Vert. 50 46 72 68

Conditions: 110% of nominal voltage; conductor at average height

"Common Corridor PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8( LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

CALCULATEDRADIO INFLUENCE dB REFERENCED TO ONE MICRO-VOLTPER METER

TABLE3.9 0 Edge of Right-of-Way Left Hand Right Hand Maximum

1. "Sunbury 5 Siegfried 500 kV D/C Delta 5 500 kV S/C Hor. 1.70'.42 7.83

2. Sunbury (Siegfried same) 500 kV S/C Hor. 5 230 kV S/C Hor. 1.72 0.92 7.78

3. Supbury 500 kV D/C Delta 5 230 kV S/C Hor. 2.42 0.82 7.08

4. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. 1.68 1.68 7.80

5. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. 5 230 kV D/C Vert, 1.72 0.27 7.80

Conditions: 110% of nominal voltage; conductors at rninirnurn height (37').

"Common Corridor PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

CALCULATEDELECTROSTATIC G BADI ENTS KI LOVOLTS P E R METER AT GROUND LEVEL

TABLE 3.9.P Edge of Right-of-Way Left Hand Right Hand Maximum

1. "Sunbury & Siegfried 500 kV D/C Delta & 500 kV S/C Hor. 0.14 0.21 0.93

2. Sunbury (Siegfried same) 500 kV S/C Hor. & 230 kV S/C Hor. 0.13 0.04 0.56

3. Sunbury 500 kV D/C Delta & 230 kV S/C Hor. 0.19 0.08 0.83

4. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. 0.14 0.14 0.88

5. Siegfried 500 kV S/C Hor. & 230 kV D/C Vert. 0.14 0.13 0.89

Conditions: 10'bove ground, 3470 amps per phase on the 500 kV lines, 1640 amps per phase on the 230 kV D/C lines and 1250 amps per phase on the 230 kV S/C Hor. lines.

"Common Corridor PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

CALCULATEDMAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH GAUSS

TABLE 3.9-Q '

3,9 —... F-(GULPS

Following are the graphic figures referenced throughout Section 3.9. Titles includeg i'his sec

F-ignore 3.9-.A, Sunbury /Susquehanna(Siegfried Region .

Figule 3,9-.8 Topography Sunbury Study Area 2, Siegfried Study Area

Figure Laqd Covey and Use, .Sunbury Study Area

3,9-.C'.ignore. 2, Siegfried Study, Area

3,9-.D Geology Suobttry Study Area. 2', Siegfried, Study; Area

F-igur,e. 3,9-.E'oils. 1„Sunbqry< Study. A

Figur,e..3 9;.F-'lternative; Routing; Networks: 1,'.„Sunbury/ Network. 2., Siegfried: Network:

F.igur.e.3,9-G;, Facilities; Plan~

F-iguj:e.3;9-.Hl Facility/Cross„Sections, 11. Section, 1;-1i:; Sunbury/andlSiegfriedl(Common~

. Corridor)) 500) kV!S/C.'and[600)kV/D/C:. '. Section,2.-'2'.: Sunburn/andlSiegfriedl(Sjrnilarr Configurations)> 500>kV/S/C.'and! 230) kV/ S/C', 3'. Section>3.-'3.:: Sunburn 600gkVj D/C;and;2303k

F,iguL'e 3.9;ll Public. Response.to, Audible:Noise.

Figure 3.9;$ Quaiity/ofrSpeech~goJnrnunications.-

3.!9:54> Figure 3.9-K Audible Noise Section 1-1: Sunbury and Siegfried (Common Corridor) 500 kV D/C arid 500 kV S/C. Section 2-2: Sunbury and Siegfried (Similar Configurations) 500 kV S/C and 230 kV S/C. 3. Section 3-3: Sunbury 500 kV D/C and 230 kV S/C. Section 4-4: Siegfired 500 kV S/C. 5. Section 5-5: Siegfried 500 kV S/C and 230 kV D/C.

Figure 3.9-L Radio Influence 1. Section 1-1: Sunbury and Siegfried (Common Corridor) 500 kV D/C and 500 kV S/C. 2. Section 2-2: Sunbury and Siegfried (Similar Configurations) 500 kV S/C and 230 kV S/C. 3. Section 3-3: Sunbury 500 kV D/C and 230 kV S/C. 4. Section 4-4: Siegfried 500 kV S/C. I 5. Section 5-5: Siegfried 500 kV S/C and 230 kV D/C.

Figure 3.9-M Electric Field Gradient Section 1-1: Sunbury and Siegfried (Common Corridor) 500 kV D/C and 500 kV S/C. 2. Section 2-2: Sunbury and Siegfried (Similar Configurations) 500 kV S/C and 230 kV S/C. 3. Section 3-3: Sunbury 500 kV D/C and 230 kV S/C. 4. Section 4-4: Siegfried 500 kV S/C. 5. Section 5-5: Siegfried 500 kV S/C and 230 kV D/C.

Figure 3.9-N Magnetic Flux Density .Section 1-1: Sunbury and Siegfried (Common Corridor) 500 kV D/C and 500 kV S/C. 2. Section 2-2: Sunbury and Siegfried (Similar Configurations) 500 kV S/C and 230 kV S/C. 3. Section 3-3: Sunbury 500 kV D/C and 230 kV S/C. 4. Section 4-4: Siegfried 500 kV S/C. 5. Section 5-5: Siegfried 500 kV S/C and 230 kV D/C.

3.9-55 / Scranton 8/ W,I WYOuWS ok ~kv r~t, co. l r ~ M

Wittiamsport Y

8 WAY CO Ilkes lt Barre 'V unbury -Susquehanna-Study Area - I Susquehan h Siegfried„Study Area I I Susquehanna S.ES ~ l ~ Berwick P,

Hazteton

SUSOVEHANNA.SIEGFRIEO .J 500kV TRANSMISSION LINE CW

.;., Sunbury SN43URY SusOUEHANNA 500kV TRANSMISSION LINE 'III II ubstatio ( .r~ Easton Siegfrie Substarort Phillipsburg ~C'/ c9 Pottsville tosauqua

Sk

/ Allentown ~AYA Cg ethic hem c<> rsekv Co / ( ty PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8t LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION N UNITS 1 AND 2 ra APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT 4 L AMENDMENT5 N a N gp /lx( SUN BUR I I Reading Y/SUSQU EHANNA/SE G F R ED "/A 0 5 i0 20 REGION Lebanon t~ MILES

Harrisburg FIGURE 3.9 —A 'I LEG END

SUhhBUR YMUSQUEHANNA50th kV TRANSMISSION LINE Elevation ln Feet Above Ses Level 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 MILES

kr ~

I h o 0, ~ t q kk j s t')ANN SE j- (y 1 I s v n.

~ k h,

S h rt e e T

'I v' v-'V R - ~ v

chhfi' - ses k ' 4 J', r~"S .. ~k I 1 s s

' \ s )»

* .. 'S v h h v k -> o k'ENNSYLVANIA jp .p .;j'c' v POWER St LIGHTCOMPANY k h v t P j SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION rv M 0 0 h s UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT v Y SUB A AMENDMENT5

h II(- )s'( r- TOPOGRAPHY t lv'P G SUNBURY STUDY AREA * -P ~~ kk R ~k FIGURE 3.9 — Sm B) Base Map) Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation.

LEGEND

SUSQUEHANNA-SIEGSRIEO 000 EV TRANSMISSION LINE Elevation ln Feet Above Ses Level 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 MILES

I L / 1 A I

Ah rh CHIT - I

0 '~ N A- r

I r E. f

I r r

I- k lZ x~*." c P 1 f C'.

L

Oh Ar EK

0 I

/ 0 * Chh

hh

EG

e'p H.~, Aw Oz PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8t LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 l L E APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

T

TOPOGRAPHY SIEGFRIED STUDY AREA

* FIGURE 3.9 —B2

Base Map: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation.

~ SUNBURY —SUSQUEHANNA 500 kV TRANSMISSION LINE LEGEND LAND USE STATE GAME LAND LANDCOVER STATE PARK URBAN STATE FOREST AGRICULTURALAND OPEN STRIP MINING j HISTORICALSITE WOODLAND LIMESTONE QUARRY ~ ARCHAEOLOGICALZONES MII.FS

1 ~"*.~- g' 4 ~ I 1 4', 444 " )I + s A I c 'IIII 'If I "4 Jr I 'I I t. IICat ~ vr- ) n ~Cv ~ Its ~ I t p t 4, '"ISUSQU A ~ I I ~ SES

Ir 4 s, s ~ ~ / V 44 e I 0 R v t s 4 S4 s/' v'. x ~A*" 8% ' c itfss ~v ~ ' 4 r . 'I 4 ~ lite I o. r s s. , i~~ rg >7 I s .~i y . L ~ v A., rl I' /nr w 'r s I f I -.,'.. T .„~«+44 c 4.( o so 4I i I 4 P.

y R ~ I ~1( o I'/ I ~ C r( "N4k&berg c r 71 -rft, ~ ~ g 14 ,(.~~ 4 r I 4 t S I ~ / Ir 0( PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHT COMPANY ~ I 'I'r~ I, ~ e SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2

~. 'J'~'I APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT j AMENDMENT5 4I> I t *

C I / LANDCOVER AND USE

I 4 I SUNBURY STUDY AREA v 4.4 r v v v P s — C FIGURE 3.9 C1

Base Mapt Commonwealth of Pennsylyanla, Department of Transportation.

LAND USE LEGEND STATE GAME LAND ~SUSQUEHANNA —SIEGFRIED 500 kV TRANSMISSION LINE STATE PARK LANDCOVER STATE FOREST If URBAN UTILITYLAND AGRICULTURALAND OPEN STRIP MINING 4 H ISTD R I CAL S ITE WOODLAND LIMESTONE QUARRY ~ ARCHAEOLOGICALZONES MILES

' // t M ar < r I ~ I / j

1 :r>t. 'a'5 r o t'<

~ ~

~ r

/' ~ ~

~ t / /

'-- 'azIefawa t s z t~:ttt ii///I///Ii

~ \ 1/////1 r/ r/i//1/ /$ W 1//1 j>s> / / ////1

o s I O 1/I ////////I/// I 1>/ r/ ~ /ir/I/////////i/ I "" > ~ >I //I//tj///// >/ 1//>I// tQ'g( I> //r )Pi //rr 1/r//I/1,

* /// I I//// /////// ///I// > // l tt sV. i

'C v "i>''d%: t / ~ / /// /

~ v i'

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHT COMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT Wa lnuIIoIj ~ Q ~ AMENDMENT5

SITAR I 5 LAND USE AND COVER TIOII ~ Bat SIEGFRIED STUDY AREA

.4' FIGURE 3.9 — t C2 Base Msp: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation.

LEGENDs

PLEISTOCENE DEVONIAN ~SUNBURY SUSOUENANNASOOkVTRANSMISSION LINE Catsfufi Conunental Group Boarder ot Wisconsin Drift Chemund F~ Portaffe Group. Boarder of Ildnofan Dritt ffamiltcn Formation, l4rcelfus Shale, SOURCES: «xl Onondaga Formation Lohman, S. W 1037. Ground Water in Nonheastcm Bo«der of Jerseyan Orift PennsyfvanfA B(Nedn ~ nsytvania ~11" ~ Oriskany Sandstone W4, PENNSYLVANIAN DEVONIANSILURIAN GegofFcal Swvey. Post —Pottsvide Formations Lohman, S.W. 1938, Ground Water in SouthCcntral dderhero Umestone «xl PennsyfvarA, Water Wsu. Ponsvf tie Formation Resown«Rcp(xt Bossadvilfe Umestone Pennsylvania Gag rvjicaf Survey. MISSISSIPPIAN SILURIAN ffdl.G. M IB3e, Ground Water in Soothe«tern 0 Mauch Chunk Shale Cayuffa Group (Except Tonofovvay Water Resources Rcport W 2, v P~ C L uI Pocono Sandstone Umestonei and ainton Formation Pennsylvania Gegopcaf Survey MILES

' ' ' 55 'S 'S 55 ' 5 " 5 '' '. SS 5 I -r

SuscjiiehcsInnci-:-;:-:=,=::

rd(r" 1 '( ::. ( ., 5 'v (%1 5 5 5 5 4% "'r 's 'l,'rl;.=,=-.=--,.-;,4 () -=,=-,,--..-..-- =-,-- .- . --. -..--.5:- 5 .fI~,IÃ;-'.s-=-:=; ---.- -==. -=------.-. --=- -=- ===..--=-.--=-

'I'i'II"v( -- = "=sEs d I =- = WJCk.-:SES ...-::-::-:.,'

J S. rl" -FTS --= v%' I .,I .,*v* Ihh fvlC 5% I Ieh ~ca I«II ~ ir \I' 5

* I ft ~~~(j~~~'~~ = ~ '""'.-, "&Odf}vilIer ,'It I- %%1 I I T I ~ 1 I Q UUU'Ft ~rir

'l I lr n I I rI r I

Irv rlr

I ~ I C cu SJ trr S'( rfh "" S4rrfhrti"=1=--.= =:--S.. - -S.--S -:-,--.:- . -: ..: . SS-,S- - .-..:-. ~ ..=S. PENNSYLVANIAPOWER SI LIGHTCOMPANY r r.r%> SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION ,~ I ~ =SS4....6 '%r =--:-.-=-= ""Sun - --= ~ lrl rl lr Ir r \ -~unyuyy=ii I UNITS 1 AND 2

~ ~ I I I ~ APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT ~ ~ 1 »~ III ' I % I I %r ~ ( . I lr Io ~ I /Ir% S .-W% «1 I ~ r% ~ VV I 'I I AMENDMENT5 N ~ ~ ~ ', rl I ~ r%r * Shenando ah ~ I ,,:~%dr" \ ~ I lr I I %%% ~ rrffl I I ~ r 1 'I 1% ~ 1 ~ I I %1%4%1% I~ 1 ~ 1r% "„ 'I ~ ~ 1 I GEOLOGY '7 I%I%I ~ ~ ...:Is. I I\f1 ~ ~ I ~ I I I I %C I ~ I ~ I SUNBURY STUDY AREA ."'I ~ %1rl I rll I F ~ Irrr lrr 1 ~ I~,r 'I ~ ~ ~ I /% I ~ r

r I I ~ I IvJ 'I I I ~ I ~ %%1r II . ""; r.r' 0 'I I 1 %%/ ~ ~ rl I ~ \ \ ~ ~ ~ %% I ~ Iw %dr ~ I I ql I 1 I ~ I ~ — 'I ~ %r ~ I ~ '%lr \ UII 41% ~ I%v 'llI\ FIGURE 3.9 5 SS (Ia ~ ~ ~ ~ '1 2 \ ~ D1 I, ~ ,,rl ~ l,lr sr I I I I ~ I r ~ 1% h \ I hl Incus%%%

LEGENOs ~ SUSQUEHANNA SIEGFRIEO BOO kV TRANSMISSION LINE PLEISTOCENE MISSISSIPPIAN OEVONIANSILURIAN SOURCES: Mooch Chunk Shale ederisere EJmastone»d Lohmsn, S. W 1937, Ground Wmer in Northeastern Boarder of Wisconsin Grift Pocono Sandstone OssanNNIle Umeste» Penmylvarde, Bulletin W4, nnsyfvame Geolojical Survey. Seceder of Illino4n Grif OEVONIAN SILURIAN Lchman, S.W. 1938, Ground Water in SouthCentral Cat@ill Continental Group Cayvoa Group (E xcept Toncfolvay Boarder of Jeneyan Grift Umestonef »d Qinton Fonna don Pennsylvvw, Water Resources Report W-S, Chemvne Formatkv( Portaee Group, Pennsylvania Geofcffcal Survey. PENNSYLVANIAN o Hanalton Form)tier( Mareellus Shale, ~o ~ I Tuscarora Sandstone Hdf, G. M„1934, Grovnd Water in Sovtheastem 0 Pent - Potcsville Fonr»tions »d Onondaea Formadon ORDOVICIAN Pennsylvania, Water Resources W ~ Report 2, I' ~ 'I ~in Pottsvfife Formation Orkkany Sandstone Marin

~ r 'I

I

I r r ~ I ~ I ~ I 'Ir ~ I ~ rl I ll/O~ \A I

~ rllr rl rl lr I~ I rl 'I I rtr Ilr) I I I I \ rlr I v Irl ~ ~ ) A I )I I Irl I t )r I I I(I I

I r rrt Il Ir'rlrtrIIrvlr t Irr I risc ~ I I r ~ I ' I

I. I

I ~ ~Hl

I I I urlrll I / I I „InllflfI 'wrrrt ll ~ I lt ~ I ,I - Irg- ~ I l~ ~ ~ o I~ oo lr1 I l) ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r I \ o ~ oo o ~ o ~ o ~ ~ 4I~ ~ ~ ~ I llilr r ~ ~ ~ rl n ; I QqUO I I PalmertoiI I ~ or ~ ~ v4"o I ~ I I,I I f CSII o o ~ 3 y fl ~ II ~ l I ~ ~ o ~ I l( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r L l ~ o ~ ~ ~ t r o o~o ~ PENNSYLVANIAPOWER Sf LIGHTCOMPANY I ~ OS boo&aalu I lrri j oo ~ or SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION ) I'Iil j UNITS 1 r AND 2 'I lr ~ ~ I ror 3 V . ~ ~ 'lr V ~ I, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ 2 II-'o I ~ I o '' - o I I I ~ ra APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT I \ ~ O OS 'I glI y, y 0 ~ ~ e) ~ I ~ l S, ~ ~ ~ AMENDMENT5 ~ ~ ~ I i cCfried bstatio r vpn GEOLOGY ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o O o I oo I SIEGFRIED STUDY AREA ~ o ~ Il." ~ oo oooo P ~ 9o's ~ ~ O o

'I ~ ~ .. ufr'r ndifferentiated ~ 'Cr/ FIGURE 3.9 —D2 P~z>...'," *.'X9 ""'5, zxEPz 0 ~SUNEURY -SUSOUEHANNA 000 RY TRANSMISSION LINE

LEGEND Refer to Table 3.9-I for identification of soil association numbers. MILES

"I I 0 ') - 33 t 2 23 i' IQ A t EE I,EA 4 "s I '! I j f" 'i'm.'~ ~ P~ 'r,lb g 34 9 .. I A kr X suso HAltQAst r !La .r ps 'i Ir I 4 I ''o ~ f Sr' I r E ~ C QR 'E I I ~EN +''2 Q 1 I P 01 ~ ~ I 1' 'Eo ~

'' rr Sh T 8 0 Jri

' s \ M / r - )'+ ~ 8 LP+ A +27 8 ~Ll I7 0 "2I ~ Irr Mr 8 J v Lp ~ H . I Ql, ~ I .! ~ r, 33 ! ) / 2" R C t N IQ 3 ~ SI I 36.- '22 h r. r 'r K A E /,, \ " r, 8 ~ S I H ASS r I c 'p or „23'9 I ~ --f '. 1 ~ .. V M YI g I 'M PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY 42 ~! (g A w4P 2I;. SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION (- .r., I v" j UNITS 1 AND 2 I APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT ~ . 1 ,Suk R 'P IQ AMENDMENT5 SU A'K . 4''~ g A EI 0 N I

E z I .-.'6 II I I SOILS LI IS'! LI SUNBURY STUDY AREA Sw -- ~ ~ I I AD

8 '' N 8 K 3 t \ ~ ~ — II FIGURE 3.9 F1

Base Mapt Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation. 1

~SUSQUEHANNA -SIEGFRIEO 000 SV TRANSNISSION LINE

LEGEND Refer to Table 3.9.I for identification of soil association numbers. M ILES

;I 33 CNS

t M 0 l 0 ~,47 34it '' 8 34< Q7„ ~ ~ ( 4 UEH NA t (Ists v N r i',;p. 33 Nh 34 3 ~ A ~ I A P. l CA t QI 'L I 3 k,' +25 . ~ ('28~ gr 7. Q,-" , l3 7.' j 83 x- I

3 ( C~- '- ' -. 37,% F lc ~G 2 IO ~" ~ ." l 9 t ~ 'r f ~" JO~ .„'', j FF r ~ ~ """,rt " 9.— 2' C F I3 r 9 L l '.

r ~F h /F Er AF ( kk r PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT k V 0 c"A AMENDMENT5

k ~ 'I 9 c Cec /M h '0 gL SOILS r,— < . th t tC>~ 9 L38 L r ( * 23 SIEGFRIED STUDY AREA ,F I U 23 pL,~ 0'1

R F IGURE 3.9 —E2

Base Mspt Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation. 1

I LEGEND Note: Network Segments In Parallel With Existing Transmission Lines Include NEW RIGHT.OF WRY Alternative Links On Both Sides PARALLELING EXISTING 230 kV OR 600 kV TRANSMISSION LINE Of Existing Rightswf-Way —Not —PARALLELINGEXISTING 66 kv OR 138 I(V TRANSMISSION LINE Detailed AtThis Scale MILES .;/p 2 T S I) c S M,

u t 'i, ' /( Ir EI I A A" yj. I W 2 ro W )t I ~ I/ Fl QNN I 2 'I R ~ )IC ~ ~ 2 i 0 R 2 ~ ) I. Z "u 2 't. ~c ~c/sr 2')" 2 ' E) ~b r ER Is T e 0 / I I ~ .~~(W v< 0

2 r I f ) I 0 Y d,I )p~ I~ ~ l EF I I I T 1 1) P , c I 0 GCV R'. r u 2 'I c c E' R

rl I. C-': D ~ 2 2 /', / ~

L . . ~ ~ c, 0 ( IR II i ~ I r ( ALTERNATIVEROUTING NETWORKS I u R NETWOR W l l SUN BUR Y K I I N) te" ) C I ~,i +If. FIGURE 3.9 —F1 ) Base Map: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation.

Note: Network Segments In Parallel With LEGEND Existing Transmission Lines Include NEW RIGHT-OF-WAY Alternative Links On Both Sides PARALLELINGEXISTING 230 kV OR 500 kV TRANSMISSION LINE Of Existing'Rights-of-Way —Not PARALLELINGEXISTING 66 kV OR 138 kV TRANSMISSION LINE Oetailed AtThis Scale M ILES

wi E EI< M -'t a ~ V~t p

H 'A<0 K I

Cf t I s ~< ~ ~'p c t ' 0 -M~

ir ~ 9 I

JI= ' I' ] h 9

<'

< ~ ~~c h< i l~ t ifi

f A < rs T t I~i < * u M t oc . K~ z +

~ ' tt c r, r N M

~ h .. ) ct ~ PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY * SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION ~

/ Scranton

'4'/

I

Williamsport

likes Barre /

SECTION 2-2 Su Uehanna S.E SECTION 1.1 C g/ Berwick p n SECTION 3.3 ,. Hazleton 55 /— r~~c~ cFgd5

64 .- Sunbury l 'ln Sunbury Substatlo n SECTION 4-4 j It .I SECTION S.S

SECTION 2~2 I5 P Siegfrled.. Subst tlon Ph lli bu O~ Pottsville ':„Catasauqua n n

Pill

Allentown . I L ethlehem dl / tte ~ P "~., PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY N.r SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 L APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5 n // L( Reading FACILITIESPLAN 5 10 20 SECTION Lebanon CROSS LOCATIONS MILES ~RRv eo Nl Harrisburg P @+1'' FIGURE 3.9 —G

IOO l25 IOO

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 'I AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

FACILITYCROSS SECTIONS SECTION 1-1: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED (COMMON COR R IDOR) 500 ICV S/C AND 5ooI v Dic

FIGURE 3.9 — / H1 500kv

230kV

0 0

IOO I50 75

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

FACILITYCROSS SECTIONS SECTION 2-2: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED (SIMILARCONF IGURATIONS) 500 kV S/C AND 230 kv S/C

F IGURE 3.9 —H2 -500 kv

230kV

0 0

IOO 150 75

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

FACILITYCROSS SECTIONS SECTION 3-3: SUNBURY 500 Icv D/C AND 230 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —H3 IOO IOO

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER fk LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

FACILITYCROSS SECTIONS SECTION 44: SIEGFRIED 500 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —H4 30 kV

I25 75

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

FACILITYCROSS SECTIONS SECTION 5-5: SIEGFRIED 500 Icv S/C, AND 230 I(V D/C

FIGURE 3.9 —H5 Vigorous community action

Threats of community action

Wide spread complaints

Sporadic cif'p complaints ts ping c< No complaints 60 65 70 75 4 55'PA Audible noise in d8fA)

T I Nighttime Steep Daytime Hearing limit interference data limit for dafnage speech begins communications

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER fk LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

'UBLIC RESPONSE TO AUDIBLENOISE

FIGURE 3.9 —I 120

110 CO MMUNICATIONIMPOSSIBLE

(Q 0 c 90 ag;~ tirn Vocal Egfort o 80 if'( 'o COMMUNICATION C I DIFFICULT 0 70 'gNQP8@ 'ic (0

60 COMMUNICATION POSSIBLE

50 ~

'",'AREA OF NEARLY NORMAL~";-.".,.!','"-', :,. SPEECH COMMUNICATION -->>.'-'.;. S w >>14~'..'f>".. > 1 P >'.tM'~i!~6. '>'i~a ':w«' 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Talker to listener distance (feet)

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 "APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

QUALITYOF SPEECH COMMUNICATION

FIGURE 3.9 —J 68

66

HEAVY RAIN 69

~ 62

60 I CI CL WET CONDUCTO x 58 C)

56

I ca 54 C)

52

50 -500 -000 -300 -200 -IOO 0 I 00 200 300 EIOO 'TEIIAL OISTANCE TO TNE CENTEII LINE ( FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8c LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

AUDIBLENOISE SECTION 1-1: SUNBURY AND SIEGFR IED (COMMON CORRIDOR) 500 I(V D/C AND 500 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —K1 66

62 HEAVY RAIN u 60

> 58

~ 56 lgCI ,. SQ LU WET CONDUCTOR 52 I

50

LI8

,-500 -LIOO -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 LIOO 500 LATERAL OISTANCE TO THE CENTER LINE I FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

AUDIBLENOISE SECTION 2-2: SUNBURY AND SIEGFR IED (SIMILARCONFIGURATIONS) 500 kV S/C AND 230 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —K2 68

66

62 HEAVY R AIN CD w 60 I

~ 58

~ 56 CD

.. 5cI WET CONDUCTOR 4J

52 I

50

cI8

cI6 '500 -cIOO -300 -200 - I 00 0 100 200 300 cIOO 500 LATERAL OISTRNCE TO TIIE CENTER LINE I FT I

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHT COMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

AUDIBLENOISE SECTION 3-3: SUNBURY 500 Icv D/C AND 230 I(V S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —K3

OS

Sd

HEAVY RAIN

m SO

I 59

WE7 CO NDUCTOR c: 56

54

C 52

CO a 50

90

-500 -900 -300 -200 -IOO 0 100 200 300 900 500 LATERAL 0)STRkCE TO THE CEkTER L)kE I FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER SI LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

AUDIBLENOISE SECTION 44: SIEGFRIED 500 kV S/C

F IGURE 3.9 —K4 09

ss

rSV

sc HEAVY R AIN

C5 th r„p

4jI ~ 5a. WET CONDUCTOR I c" 56

5'9 rjm w 5$ i 50 CI 90

-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 capp 300 900 500 LATERAL OISTRIICE TO THE CEIITER LiIIE ( IT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

AUDIBLENOISE SECTION 5-5: SIEGFRIED 500 Icv S/C AND 230 Icv D/C

FIGURE 3.9 —K5 t, 94

92 650 Icv 0/C

90

88 650 IcV 6/C 86

~ 84 w 82

80 I o 78

76

70 IBO .160 -l40 -l20 -IOO -80 -60 -40. -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 I?0 l40 I)0 IBO HORIZONTRL OISTRIICE TO THE CEIITER LIRE I FT I

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER SI I IGHT COMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT II AMENDMENT5

,I

RADIO INFLUENCE f SECTION 1-1: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED (COMMON CORRIDOR) 500 Icv D/C AND 500 Icv S/C I

F I GUR E 3.9 —L1 kV 86 660

82

80 253 kv

- 78 )~ 76 CD 5 74 X 72 I ~ 70

66

64

-180 -l60 l40 -l20 -IOO -80 60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 IOO l20 140 l60 I80

II HORIZONTAL OISTANCE TO THE CENTER LINE I FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8( LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

RADIO INFLUENCE SECTION 2-2: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED (SIMILARCONFIGURATIONS) 500 Icv S/C AND 230 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —L2 94

92 560 kv

88

86 Z ~ 84

~ 82

X 63 ICV —80 I P 78

76

74

70 -I80 -l60 -l40 -l20 -IOO -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 IOO l20 I40 l60 I80 HIIRIZONTRL OISTRNCE TO THE CENTER LINE I ET )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY = SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

RADIO INFLUENCE SECTION 3-3: SUNBURY 500 Icv D/C AND 230 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —L3 4 95

90

80 K I 75 CD CC

70

~65

60

55

50 -ZSO -800 -150 -100 -50 0 SO IOO ISO 800 250 HORIZONTAL OISTANCL TO THE CL'NTCR LINE ( FT

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8c LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

RADIO INFLUENCE SECTION 44: SIEGFRIED 500 kV S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —L4 550 kv 86

82

253 Icv - 78

~ 76 Cl) 5 74 X 72 I 70

68

66

62 IBO .I60 -l40 -l20 -IOO -80 .60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 IOO l20 l40 160 I80, HORIZONTAL OISTANCE TO tHE CENTER LINE ( FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

RADIO INFLUENCE SECTION 5-5: SIEG FR I ED 500 Icv S/C AND 230 I(V D/C

FIGURE 3.9 —L5 l

I 660 I

660 Icv S/C

500 -IIOO -300 -200 . -100 0 100 200 300 IIOO 500 LATEBIIL OISTIINCE TO THE CENTEII LINE I FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT SECTION 1-1: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED (COMMON CORRIDOR) 500 Icv D/C AND 500 Icv S/C

F IGURE 3.9 —M1

550 Icv

253 Icv

500 -F00 -300 -c".00 -IOO 0 100 200 300 400 500 ' I.ATERSL OISfRNCE TO TNE CENTER LiNC FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 8c LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT SECTION 2-2: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED (SIMILARCONFIGURATIONS) 500 Icv S/C AND 230 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —M2 550 kv

253 kV

500 -LIOO -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

LATERAL OISTANCE TO THE CENTER LINE ( FT 1

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT SECTION 3Q: SUNBURY 500 Icv D/C AND 230 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —M3

~ 0 -300 -200 -100 0 I00 200 300 400 GC0 LATFi94L Ol.")FENCE TP T.'IE CENTF'I LINE ( FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER 5 LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT SECTION 44: SIEGFRIED 500 kV S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —M4 550 ICV

cc: 5 I ccj K 253 I

-500 -'400 -300 -200 - l00 0 100 200 300 400 SOO I.ATERRL OISTRNCE TO THE CENTER LINE I F'i )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER ac LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT SECTION 5.5: SIEGFRIED 500 I

FIGURE 3.9 —M5 550 Icv 0/C

550 Icv 5/C I

400 -300 -200 -100 0 IOO 200 300 400 LATERAL OISTANCE FROII TIIE CENTER LINE ( FT

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY SECTION 1-1: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED tCOMMON CORRIDOR) 500 kV D/C AND 500 I(V S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —N1 550 Icv

253 ICY

-300 -200 - I 00 0 100 200 300 IIOO LATERAl OISTANCE FROM THE CENTER lINE ( FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY SECTION 2.2: SUNBURY AND SIEGFRIED (SIMILARCONFIGURATIONS) 500 Icv S/C AND 230 Icv S/C

FIGURE 3.9 —N2 IOOO II a 900 550 kv 800

~~ 700

600 253 k I ~ 500

>C ~~400 D 300

200

100

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 LATERAL OISTANCE FRON THE CENTER LINE ( FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER S< LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY SECTION 3-3: SUNBURY 500 !

FIGURE 3.9 —N3

550 Icv

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 cIOO LATERRL OIStc'IICE I:90H TWE CFNTE.'I LINE ( FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER ac LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY SECTION 44: SIEGFR IED 500 Icv S/C

F IGUR E 3.9 —N4 660 kV

263 kV

-300 -800 -100 0 100 200 300 400 LRTERRL OISIRNCE EROH THE CENTER LINE I FT )

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY SECTION 5-5: SIEGFR IED 500 Icv S/C AND 230 I(V D/C

F IGUR E 3.9 —N5

J PART III

NRC CHAPTER 4

ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS OF SITE PREPARATION, PLANT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRANSMISSION FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION

4.2 TRANSMISSION FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION

4.2.1 Right-Of-Way Development

The extent to which the environment is impacted by the construction of the tra'nsmission facility is dependent upon the particular techniques and practices used in the development of the right-of-way. Since the issuance of the July, 1972 Report, PPS.L has adopted more restrictive right-of-way management specifications which will further help to mitigate environmental impacts along the right-of-way. Relevant portions of these new specifications are provided in Appendix I of this amendment and are specifically referenced in the appropriate sections of the text. These specifications include: "Transmission Construction Specifications — Development of Erosion Control Plan for Line Construction" (Exhibit A), "Vegetation Management— Specifications for Initial Cutting, Removal and Trimming of Vegetation on or Adjacent to Electric Line Right-Of-Way" (Exhibit B), and "Vegetation Management —'Specifications for Installing Vegetation on or Adjacent to Electric 'Line Right-Of-Way and for General Landscaping",(Exhibit C).

4.2.1. 1 Constructiori Techniques

a) Clearing . The construction of the line will require clearing through wooded areas, building of access roads, removal of danger. trees, erection of structures, and stringing of conductors. Following,.the actual construction of the line, extensive restoration measures will be undertaken. These will consist. of timber and slash. disposal, general clean-up such as grading and seeding, fence repair, and removal of temporary construction facwlities. These

techniques are discussed in depth in Exhibits A, B and C of Appendix I. „

b) Access Roads Roads'are constructed for access to each structure site. At each site the amount of grading for each structure will be kept at a minimum (refer to Exhibit A in Appendix I).

4.2-1 c) Foundation And Structure Erection The procedures used to transport and erect structures at specified locations along the right-of-way will vary according to terrain. The tubular steel H-frame 500 kV structures will be transported to the staging sites in several sections. The average length of the sections will be 65 feet. The cross arms for the structures will be brought in as one complete piece, 96 feet in length. The foundations for each of these structures will be constructed of reinforced concrete approximately eight feet in diameter and 20 feet in depth. Excavations will normally be performed by large truck or tractor mounted augers. In some instances, it may be necessary to utilize caissons in the excavations of these foundations.

" d) Conductor Stringing Insulator strings will be affixed while each structure is on the ground. Structures will then be erected and conductors will be pulled through stringing blocks by tensioning equipment. During stringing operations, guard structures will be placed along all highway, railroad, and existing utility line crossings. The work will be carefully supervised to verify that it meets the specifications.

4.2. 1.2 Clean-Up And Restoration a) Disposal Of Timber And Slash Unless other arrangements are made, all logs and slash are the property of the land owner. In the event that a property owner does not want the logs or slash, the material will be disposed of in the following ways. Merchantable timber will be neatly stacked along the edge of the right-of-way in piles no longer than tree length and dispersed to allow wildlife movement and regrowth of vegetation cover. Slashed and other cut materials may be stacked where conditions permit. Piles will be restricted in height, length, locations, and compaction to allow for movement around and cover for wildlife. Slash may be used to check erosion in intermittent drainages, but will be kept out of all water bodies, since cleared vegetation allowed to fall or be disposed of into water can alter water flow and increase biological oxygen demand (BOD), (refer to Exhibit B, in Appendix I). b) Danger Trees Danger trees will be removed with minimum damage to the existing environment. Pruning or topping of trees will be carried out in a professional manner. Tearing of bark and creation of open wounds will be avoided. All loose, broken or cut branches will be removed from the tree during the initial clearing. A company designated forester or environmental inspector with a thorough knowledge of the objectives of the project will supervise cutting operations to assure conformance with PPSL's vegetation management specifications (refer to Exhibit B, in Appendix I). c) Restoration Restoration work required after construction cleanup primarily consists of landscaping methods such as, tree and shrub transplanting, seeding of grasses and other

4.2-2 ground covers, andithe necessary site improvement and maintenance to assure, survival and growth of plants. Additional: restoratio'n work would; include pruning,, and methods to correct altered grades around preserved trees, mechanical damage to trunks of preserved trees, and compaction of soils near retained'vegetation| (refer to Exhibit B and, Exhibit C in Appendix I)'.

d) Fence Repair Any fences which require dismantling during construction will be repaired or replaced; If a fence should require moving because'it would block the right-of-way,, it will be replaced'ith a new fence in an appropriate location where it will not.interfere with the right-of-way (refer to Exhibit B; in Appendix I).

e) Removal Of Temporary Facilities All temporary construction facilities will be removed from the right-of-way upon completion of the line.

4.2.2 Impact On The Natural Environment

4.2.2. 1 Geology

Little or no adverse environmental effects on geological'features are anticipated as a result of transmission line construction. Over most of the line routes, bedrock should be encountered. at relatively shallow depths. To insure foundation stability, the properties of overburden materials and bedrock will be'considered during structure foundation design. Effects on geological features- will be essentially the same for both the Susquehanna-.

Siegfried and the Sunbury-Susquehanna routes. t

4.2.2.2 Hydrology

As with geology, the nature of an above-ground. transmission, facility', is such that construction will not appreciably affect the ground'water. of the area. However, depending on the degree of soil erosion occurring as a result of road and;structure construction and I, unpaved road. use, some siltations may,occur, in the surface streams., Measures will, be adopted to reduce soil erosion and should therefore, eliminate or, limit stream siltation to very minor levels over a short period of time. These measures are addressed in Section 4.2.4, Mitigatiy'e Measures.

4.2.2.3 Soils.

The, principal construction effect on-soils: is:increasing, the hazard;of soil erosion could result in stream siltation. The killing or, removal,'f,-vegetation. for structure 'hich erection and cable stringing will expose the soil to water.and,wind:,erosion;.With the steep slope and, easily, erodable soils in the study area, a potential'problem could exist. However, only the access roads and a small area at: each structure base. will be exposed.,Care will be

4.2-3 taken to insure the natural ground cover or understory vegetation remains in place at other areas within the right-of-way. Any areas where the ground cover is disturbed will be reseeded and mulched if necessary to minimize soil loss or stream siltation. See Appendix I, Exhibits A, B and C.

4.2.2.4 Terrestrial And Aquatic Communities

t a) < General Construction of transmission lines in woodlot and forested areas requires the I removal of trees and other vegetation which constitute wildlife habitats. Selective clearing will be'sed to preserve as much vegetation within the right-of-way as possible. Clearing trees creates an ecotone (edge effect) within a wooded area which is beneficial within large forests. The different plant species which will grow within the right-of-way following construction can provide new sources of food for several species of wildlife. Studies of central Pennsylvania have shown that white-tailed deer, rabbits, ruffed grouse, and turkey will all make extensive use of utility rights-of-way (Bramble and Byrnes, 1972). Construction noise and activity can be expected to have a temporary impact on some species of terrestrial wildlife. This impact is not continuous at any particular point along the line but will occur during construction. Whenever the right-of-way crosses a stream or water body, care will be taken to prevent the erosion of soil or construction debris into the aquatic ecosystem. Such erosion can cause siltation, which if severe enough, may have detrimental effects on aquatic fauna. The precautions outlined in Appendix I, Exhibits A and B, will be followed to minimize these impacts. These precautions include restricting clearing of vegetation along stream banks and limiting the operation of vehicles near streams and water bodies. A review of the literature and an extensive field inspection by automobile, helicopter, and on foot yielded no indication that the transmission lines will have any detrimental impact on endangered species of wildlifewithin the study area. b) Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route Disruption of terrestrial and aquatic habitats willoccur at several points along the line. These points of disruption will occur predominantly at crossings of wooded ravines which often have trout streams in their bottoms. Such crossings of trout streams occur at Nescopeck Creek in Luzerne County and at Roaring Creek in Columbia County. Steep ravines without trout streams will be crossed in Columbia and Northumberland Counties. All these ravines will be spanned and vegetation will be selectively cleared. This will result in the removal of a minimal amount of woodland habitat and also minimize erosion into the sensitive trout streams. There are three other sensitive areas where some habitat disruption will occur. Two of these areas are steep forested slopes, and the third area is Little Shamokin Creek, which is a trout stream. The first slope crossing is along the side of Catawissa Mountain in Columbia County and includes 8,200 feet of State Game Land 58. The second slope is due west of Deibler in Northumberland County. Selective clearing will be used to minimize the amount of woodland habitat removed, and erosion control practices will be used to minimize erosion. 4.2-4 Where the line crosses Little Shamokin Creek is a relatively flat area with little vegetation growing along the stream. Again, care will be taken to minimize any erosion or construction activity that might degrade stream quality. c) Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route The Susquehanna-Siegfried line crosses forested areas found on the steep ridges of Nescopeck Mountain, Green Mountain, Summer Mountain, and Blue Mountain. Much of this forested area is state game land. The line crosses 14,300 feet of Game Land 187 and 1,700 feet of Game Land 149 in Luzerne County, 5,500 feet of Game Land 141 in Carbon County, and 2,200 feet of Game Land 168 in Northampton County. Whenever the right-of-way crosses forested areas, selective clearing will be practiced to limit habitat removal and disruption of wildlifespecies. Several designated trout streams and conservation streams will be crossed by the Susquehanna-Siegfried line. The most important of these are Wapwallopen Creek (trout), Little Nescopeck Creek, Creasy Creek, and Sandy Run in Luzerne County; Leslie'un (trout), the Lehigh River, Drakes Creek (trout), Stone Creek (trout) and Aquashicola Creek (trout) in Carbon County; and Indian Creek (trout) in Northampton County. These streams will be spanned and construction practices to minimize erosion will be observed. The line crosses one wetland, Long Swamp in Luzerne County, containing hemlock, red maple, and yellow birch. This wetland will be spanned so'that no structures will be located in it.

4.2.3 Impact On The Man-Made Environment

4.2.3.1 Land Use, And

I'he

4.2.3.2 Demography

potential impact of line construction on land use and demographic patterns are of two basic types: 1) direct physical disruption of the patterns, and 2) visual impact on the aesthetic character of the land use and demographic environment. These effects apply to both the short term impact of construction discussed in this section and to the long term effects of the continuing line operation and maintenance as discussed in Section 5.5.4 of

this amendment. II a) Physical Disruption The major disruptive impact of a transmission facility on land use and demography is the physical displacement of a residential or other structures along the right-of-way. With one exception,, both the Sunbury-Susquehanna and Susquehanna- Siegfried,lines were selected to avoid any residential, institutional, historical, commercial, or industrial structures. The construction of the Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kV line will necessitate the removal of one partially completed residence inadvertently built on the existing right-of-way.

4.2-5 Both lines pass near a number of residential, institutional, and commercial or industrial units. With respect to those units, there may be minor short term inconvenience due to the additional traffic and general activities associated with line construction in the vicinity. In farmland, construction activities will be coordinated with the land owners to minimize crop damage. Where crops are unavoidably damaged by construction activities, the land owner will be fairly compensated. Procedures will be taken to restore fields after construction is completed (refer to Appendix I, Exh'ibit A). b) Visual Impact Short term visual effects include the presence and movement of men, materials and equipment, felling of trees in constructing temporary access roads, clearing the right- of-way and erection of fences, gates, barriers, and signs during construction.

SpecialI'.2.3.3 Features a) Historical Resources Neither of the line routes cross or pass near any registered historic site.

Archaeological Resources The line routes cross no known archaeological sites. If any objects of possible archaeological importance are unearthed, PPSL will notify the Pennsylvania State Archaeologist for an evaluation of the site.

4.2.4 Mitigative Measures

4.2.4. 1 General Measures

PP&L has an extensive set of guidelines to insure minimal impact to the environment in constructing and maintaining a transmission line. These specifications are included in Appendix I. They deal with all phases of construction and maintenance of a transmission line and the mitigative procedures commonly followed by PPSL. Clearing, location, and construction of access roads, grading and maintenance of such roads, as well as the entire right-of-way, are also discussed in detail in Appendix I. The important problems of erosion and sediment control are also discussed in this section. In summary, Appendix I discusses all mitigative measures normally performed in the construction and maintenance of a transmission line. Compensation paid in connection with construction of the lines can also be considered a form of mitigation. This compensation includes payments to secure the right-of-way, payments to parties sustaining crop damages resulting from construction activities, and payment for timber losses on State Game Lands which PPSL will make to the Pennsylvania Game Commission.

4.2.4.2 Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route

No features having unique environmental sensitivity are encountered along this route. Normal construction practices as specified by PPSL will minimize environmental disturbance. 4.2-6 Structures in the vicinity of the plant will be painted a medium green color to coordinate with other structures in the area.

4.2.4.3 Susrluehanna-Siegfried Line Route

The structures in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES will be painted a medium green color and located adjacent to the Sunbury-Susquehanna double circuit structures to coordinate with other structures in the area. Special care will be taken at four locations along the route to minimize environmental impact. The first area is the Lehigh River Gorge crossing. The line will cross the gorge perpendicularly. at an area specifically selected to minimize the visibility of the line. At this crossing, the structures will be set back from the gorge, being screened by the natural terrain from the canoe run and hiking trails at the bottom of the gorge. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, which plans to acquire the gorge for use as a state park, has reviewed and concurs with the crossing location. PP&L clearing specifications allow all trees in deep gorges, such as the Lehigh River Gorge, to remain uncut. The conductors will be several hundred feet above the bottom of the gorge and therefore out of general view. The second area is the Bethlehem Water Authority Wild Creek watershed. Through special negotiations between PP&,L and the Authority, a plan was adopted to include an existing 66 kV line right-of-way in the 200 foot width of the 500 kV right-of-way, reducing by 1/2 the amount of additional clearing required for the 500 kV line. The existing access roads along the 66 kV right-of-way will be used for the 500 kV line, minimizing additional construction and'potential erosion in the watershed. The third area is the Beltzville Reservoir and State Park in Carbon County. The line crosses the reservoir adjacent to an existing 66 kV line. A feasibility study was undertaken to determine an economical means of crossing the reservoir while minimizing both the impact during construction and the visual impact on the area. A plan was adopted to replace the existing 195 foot towers of the 66 kV line with tubular steel 138 kV double-circuit poles, and removing the structures from in front of the scenic vista as viewed from the parking area and Township Road T-437. This plan, including profiles and structure locations, has been submitted to the Army Corps of Engineers for approval. The fourth area is in State Game Lands, where PP&L will install plantings and reseed wherever required by the Pennsylvania Game Commission.

'.2 REFERENCES

Bramble, W. C. and W. R. Byrnes, "A Long-Term Ecological Study of Game Food and Cover on a Sprayed Utility Right-of-Way." Purdue University Ag. Exper. St. Res. Bull. 885:1-20, 1972.

4.2-7

PART IV

NRC CHAPTER 5

ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS OF PLANT OPERATION

5.5 EFFECTS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

5.5.1 Anticipated Electrical Radiation Effects Of The 500 kV Transmission Lines

Of the five corridor sections examined the corridor containing the 500 kV S/C and 500 kV D/C structures will experience the highest levels of electrical effects. As this corridor section is common to both the Sunbury-Susquehanna and Susquehanna-Siegfried lines no distinction between the two will be made.

5.5. 1. 1 Ozone And Oxides OfNitrogen

The maximum level of corona-produced ozone near the edge of the right-of-way as estimated in Subsection 3.9.5.2 is expected to be less than 0.026 parts per million maximum 1 hour average above ambient. This value includes the cumulative effect due to the circuits in the 500 kV double-structure corridor. For the conditions noted, the contribution of ozone from transmission lines decreases rapidly at increasing lateral distances and increasing wind angles with respect to the transmission line. Therefore, based on operating experience and review of the technical literatures of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the levels of ozone from the transmission lines are not expected to exceed the Environmental Protection Agency's Standards. The estimated maximum level of corona-produced oxides of nitrogen at the edge of the right-of-way is 0.0014 parts per million maximum 24 hour average above ambient (see Subsection 3.9.5.2). Based on experience and review of the technical literatures"of the IEEE and EPA, the anticipated levels of oxides of nitrogen from the transmission line are not expected to exceed the Environmental Protection Agency's Standards.

t 5.5. 1.2 Audible Noise

During periods of fair weather, sporadic faint sounding discharges may be, heard from point sources on the conductor. These point sources include: burrs, scratches', bugs, sand, etc. These infrequent discharges occur on most 500 kV lines and lines of higher voltages. It is the experience of PPSL that this typical operation of overhead lines has not been the cause of public complaints.

5.5-1 Under certain conditions when the energized conductor is wet (heavy fog, light rain, etc.) the maximum audible noise anticipated from the lines will be approximately 63 dBA at the edge of the right-of-way. This level exceeds that value of 58.5 dBA at which the Bonneville Power Administration study indicates numerous complaints can be expected. However, the wet conductor condition is temporary and this level would diminish as soon as the conductors begin to dry. In addition, the area traversed is very sparsely populated. Therefore, the impact to the environment is expected to be minimal.

5.5. 1.3 Electromagnetic Influence a) Radio Influence Radio influence for broadcast stations at 1000 kilohertz is estimated to be a maximum of 81 dB referenced to 1 microvolt per meter (dBIL) at the edge of right-of-way during foul weather conditions. This occurs only for that portion of the Sunbury-Susquehanna corridor that utilizes 500 kV double-circuit structures. For the remainder of the Sunbury-Susquehanna corridor and the Susquehanna-Siegfried corridor R I is 76 dBp or less at the edge of right-of-way during foul weather. As discussed in Section 3.9.5.4, during fair weather radio stations would require a signal strength of 83 dBp at the edge of right-of-way for good reception. Field measurements made along each corridor indicate that signal strengths are generally weak and in the range of 50 to 60 dBp. A 24 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) is required for good reception. Therefore, stations having signal strengths of 50 dBp or better can tolerate an Rl level of 26 dBp and still give good reception. Based upon an average conductor height of 48 feet this condition would exist beyond a distance of 360 feet from the centerline of the 500 kV structures during fair weather. Beyond this distance no problems due to transmission line Rl are anticipated. However, during foul weather, the Rl level is expected to increase approximately 22 dB. Therefore, in order to achieve the same level of reception quality that exists during fair weather antennas would have to be sited approximately 700 feet from the centerline of the 500 kV transmission line. Although some reception problems are expected to occur for residences closer than 700 feet to the centerline of the 500 kV lines, these problems would arise only during foul weather. Residences closer than 360 feet may experience interference during fair weather. However, due to the sparse population in the study area no significant environmental impact is expected. Where reception problems do arise they may be eliminated 'in most cases by installing and orienting outdoor antennas for minimum Rl pickup from the transmission line. As each problem is unique, PPfkL will investigate and correct reception problems due to transmission line R I on an individual basis.

b) Television Influence As noted in Subsection 3.9.5.4 television irifluence from 500 kV transmission lines is typically not a problem. Based on the literatures of the IEEE and CIGRE (The International Conference on Large Electrical Systems) and on operating experience, no corona produced television interference problems are forseen for those areas where good television reception is presently obtained.

5.5-2 5.5. 1.4 Electromagnetic Induction

The cumulative value of the electromagnetic field is a maximum of 0.93 Gauss at 10 feet above ground. This maximum level occurs for the 500 kV S/C and the 230 kV S/C col'I'Idol. At this level of electromagnetic field intensity, and based on the technical literatures of IEEE, CIGRE, and on experience, the electromagnetic field should pose no threats to the safety of man.

5.5 1.5 Electrostatic Induction

The 500 kV two structure corridor results in the, maximum electric field. Depending upon phasing arrangements and assuming a minimum conductor height of37 feet, the magnitude of the field ranges from 7.8 to 11 kilovolts per meter. PAL willadjust the structure heights to limitthe electrostatic field at ground level to 7.5 kilovolts per meter.

5.5.2 Maintenance Of Transmission System

5.52.1 Maintenance And Repair Activities.

Annual, inspections of the line will be made by PPKL, This will be. done with,fixed wing aircraft or helicopter. The line will be inspected on foot on the order of every th(ee to five years..The inspections are performed to determine. if the line itself is in need of repair, or if right-of-way- reclearing is needed. Should repairs be necessary, PAL or its contractor, will utilize access roads wherever possible. In the event that is not feasible due to weather conditions. or lack of access, a helicopter may be necessary to perform the necessary maintenance.

55.2.2 Maintenance Of Rights-Of4Yay, And

5 5 2.3 Maintenance OfAccess Roads N

, Subsequent to initial clearing, PP5L or its contractors will maintain a clear right-of-way and access roads, where needed, through the use of hand clearing and selective spraying of approved herbicides. The objective here is to eliminate tall growing tree species representing a danger to the line and promote the growth of low growing shrubs and forbs. A detailed description of PP&L's maintenance procedures for rightswf-way and access;roads is found, in Appendix I. Included also in these detailed specifications is a list of small trees and shrubs which will be preserved along the right-of-way.

5.5.3 Operational Effects On Natural Systems

5.5.3. 1, Geo/ogy

The operation of a transmission. line will have no effect on the local geology.

5.5-3' 5 5.3.2 Hydrology

B y following the manufacturer's directions and governmental regulations regarding use of herbicides, hydrology will not be affected.

5.5.3.3, Soils

B y following the manufacturer's directions and governmental regulations regarding use of herbicides, soil sterilization will not result.

5.5.3.4 Terrestrial And Aquatic Communities

The initial clearing and construction of the line would be expected to have greater impact on natural systems than maintenance procedures. Hand clearing of vegetation will have minimal or no effect on terrestrial communities. Any chemicals used to control vegetation will be approved by state and federal authorities and applied as directed by said authorities. In no case will aerial application of herbicides be performed. By applying herbicides manually, the possibility of them entering water courses is very remote. This, together with the careful construction and maintenance procedures used by PPSL, will minimize the effects on aquatic communities. The line will not interfere with migrating birds'light paths. Other upland game birds may benefit from low growing vegetation along the right-of-way. Maintenance of the line will cause minimal disturbance to upland game birds due to the infrequent work which will be required. Electrical noise, ozone, and induced currents will have little or no effect on migratory or upland game birds, or plant life along the right-of-way.

5.5.4 Operational Effects On Man-Made Systems

5.5.4.1 Land Use, And

5.5.4.2 Demography

The impact of the continuing presence of the lines within an area is of primarily a visual aesthetic nature. There may, however, be secondary effects on property values and some physical effects on land use activities which continue within the right-of-way. a) 'hysical Effects The lines will have a minimal impact on agricultural activity within the area. The physical characteristics of the transmission lines and the right-of-way arrangements between PPSL and the property owner will permit continued cultivation and pasturage on most of the line right-of-way. Where structures are required on existing agricultural land, a maximum of only 1,925 square feet (0.04 acres) per structure will be removed from production. The presence of the lines will cause no physical disruption of »normal residential activities, commercial-industrial, public and institutional or recreational activities, or of traffic patterns on highways, roads, or railroads which are crossed. In forested areas, right-of-way management will remove small amounts of potentially merchantable timber.

5.5-4 b) Visual Effects The greatest adverse visual impact of the transmission lines will involve the structures and conductors which may be seen from areas of public access. Public access areas are defined as urban developments, major road crossings, recreational lands, roadways and population concentration points. The criteria to assess potential visual impact includes the following considerations and their application in the analysis of the route: is the proposed right-of-way corridor in direct line of sight as viewed from public access areas, and, if so, what is the projected visible effect of the change in landscape caused by the transmission facility? The structure design will be tubular, H-frame structure of weathering steel, russet brown in color except in the immediate vicinity of the plant site. According to several studies and public opinion polls, a "tubular steel type" structure design is more aesthetically appealing to the general public than the standard "lattice type" structure (US Dl/DA, 1970;

FPC, 1970; Pohlman, 1973) ~ However, a potential adverse visual impact may occur where the tubular H-frame structures parallel with existing lattice type structures. In this situation, the adverse impact is not the result, of the structure type itself, but rather the non-conforming visual context of the dissimilar structure types. The visual exposures of the two lines as analyzed for each of the lines in the following discussion are shown in Figure,5.5-A. Portions of the proposed lines whichicross public access areas are referred to as near views. All road crossings, for example, which are exposed to travelers of that particular road are potential near view impacts. Exposed segments of the lines which parallel a roadway are referred to as a distant view. The letter and number notations in the following discussion denote points where a field survey identified potential visual impact zones. B12, for example, refers to the twelfth segment of the route which is visible from that vantage point marked by the arrows. The solid arrows indicate potential near view impact zones and the outline arrows indicate potential distant view impacts. The potentially exposed segments of the Sunbury- Susquehanna line are identified by the letter 8, and the exposed segments of the Susquehanna-Siegfried line are identified by the letter S.

Sunbury-Susquehanna B1 is near view, being visible from U.S. Route 11 as it exits the plant. Crossing the Susquehanna River the route. is exposed at a distance from both U.S. Route 11 and Route 239. B2 is a near view exposure from medium-duty road 239. Moving west atop the river valley ridge line, the route parallels an existing 230 kV transmission facility. At B3, both lines are exposed from the Route 11 across the river at Beach Haven. 84 is a distant view from a light-duty road. Crossing Route 93, a heavy-duty road, the proposed route is visible at B5, a new view. Segment B6 isa distant view from Routes 239,93 and 11. B7 and BB are views from light-duty roads, B7 a near view and BB a distant view. B9 and B10 are distant views from the Borough of Berwick and.Routes 339 and 11. B11 is a near view from a light duty road. Because of the route's proximity to the edge of the river valley ridge line through this area, the line is highly visible. Moving away from the ridge edge as it does south of Mifflinville, the degree of visual'xposure is greatly reduced. B12 is highly exposed as it passes over the Tenmile Run Valley through which Interstate 80 passes offering a near view. Portions of Mifflinville also have a distant view of B12. A near view is found at B13 and B14

5.5-5 from light-duty roads. B15 is a near view exposure from a medium and light duty road just west of Mainville. Mt. Zion Church has a distant view of 816. This segment of line also crosses one light duty road which is a near view exposure. Entering Northumberland Co. at Little Roaring Creek, the line, B17, is visible from the light-duty County Line Road. As the line parallels a light-duty road, segments B18 and 819 are exposed at a distance. 820 and B21 are near views crossing light-duty roads. The crossing of the Snydertown Road east of Snydertown offers a near view at B22. B23 is a near view exposed to traffic on Route 61, a heavy duty road. 824 is a distance view from a light duty road. Near views from light-duty roads are encountered at B25, B26 and 827. Route 890, a medium duty road, offers a near view of B28. B29 and B30 are near views from a medium duty road and light-duty road respectively. B31 is an area of visibilityfrom a medium duty roadway and B32 is visible from a heavy duty road. I Susquehanna-Si egfried S1 is a near view being visible from U.S. Route 11, a heavy-duty road. Crossing the Susquehanna River at Bell Bend S1 is a distant exposure from both U.S. Route 11 and Route 239. Having crossed the river, near view exposure is encountered at S2 from Route 239, a medium-duty road. Once atop the south ridge of the river valley the route is out of view for approximately one mile before crossing a light-duty road at S3, a near view. S4 is a distant view from a light-duty road. A near view is encountered just south of Good School at S5 crossing a medium-duty road. North of St. James Church S6 is a near view, crossing a light-duty road. S7 and S8 are near and distant view exposures, crossing light and medium-duty roads respectively. The next 4.3 miles of the route is out of view being routed through heavily forested areas. S9 is a near view from Interstate 81. In addition to the road crossing, S9 is also exposed to an interstate rest area located 1,000 feet north of the crossing. S10 is a near view from a medium-duty road. Crossing over the forested Nescopeck Mountain the route is out of view for approximately 9 miles until crossing Interstate Highway 80 offering a near view at S11. S12 is a near view crossing a heavy-duty road. Proceeding in a southeasterly direction for approximately 8 miles through state game lands No. 141 and the Lehigh River Valley the route is well screened. S13 is a near view at the crossing of Route 903. North of Kettle Hill and crossing the Northeast extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike the route is exposed to near views from the Turnpike. Public access areas are well screened from view until crossing several light-duty roads at S14 and S15, giving near view exposures. In addition to being near views, these segments also are exposed to distant light-duty roads. In this area the line crosses the Beltzville Reservoir on specially- designed structures adjacent to the East Palmerton-Lake Harmony 66 kV line. Care will be given to the overall aesthetics of this sensitive recreational area. S15 and S16, crossing heavy-duty roads, are near view exposures. Light-duty road crossings provide near views of S17; medium-duty road crossings provide near views of S18. The facility exposure S19, just west of Walkton, is a near view crossing from a heavy-duty road. Moving south over Blue Mountain the route crosses Route 946, west of Danielsville exposing the near views S20 and is visible from wide areas north and south of the mountain. S21 and S22 are near views from mediumduty roads. Facility exposure S22 is also a distant view from a mediumduty road south of Bossards Corner. S22 has a near view crossing a medium-duty road and a light-duty road in addition to being exposed to three of the light-duty roads and a distant view from the Lehigh Elementary School. This area, because of the dense network of light and

5.5-6 medium4uty,roads and visually open landscape, is highly vulnerable to potential visual exposure. Route 298, a.heavy-duty road, west of Pennsville,.is crossed'by the route, exposing only a small portion of.S23. Traversing,Indian'Creek Valleythe,proposed route is exposed to a medium-duty and light-duty road, at near:views;S24. Ti,hese segments are also partially exposed to distant view from the Mary .'Immaculate 'Missionary College. Approaching the terminal appoint near,Siegfried 'Substation, Cherryville ~Road chas a near view, S25, of the route.

Measures to minimize potential visual .impact'include: structure, design, structure ,location, and right-of-way development criteria asset forth in the Department of .Interior/ Department of Agriculture publication "Environmental Criteria for 'Electric Transmission Systems," and the 'Federal Power, Commission, publication, "Electric,Power Transmission and the 'Environment" (1970). Right-of-way development practices 'for the facilities will allow for low-growing shrub species'nd ground cover;providing a visually cohesive vegetative, ground cover minimizing visual impact. 'Right-of-way development practices also include the reserve cutting and clearing of visually.sensitive, zones to minimize exposed views of the right-of-way. c) ,Effects On:Property Value The visual impact of the line on the aesthetic character of nearby. areas could have effects on, property values, particularly in residential areas. The effects oftransmission lines on, property values have not '.been substantiated for the study area and are difficult to determine for each, property traversed by transmission 'lines. Studies:have concluded that those transmission lines evaluated do not,adversely affect the value of properties traversed (EEI, 1963).

.REFERENCES

Edison Electric Institute (EEI), "Summaries: ZEI Library of Land Economic Studies," 1968.

Federal Power Commission (FPC), "Electric Power Transmission,and the Environment," 1970.

Pohlman, J. C., "What is the Public's Opinion on Transmission Towers and Poles', Electric Lightand Power, T/D Edition, April, 1973.

USDI/DA, "Environmental Criteria for Electric Transmission Systems," 1970.

5.5-7 5.5 —FIGURES

Following are the figures referenced in Section 5.5.4. Titles included in this section are:

Figure 5.5-A VisibilityAnalysis 1. Sunbury-Susquehanna Line Route 2. Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Route

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Unit of Alternate Route A Alternate , Route B Alternate Route C Measure Inventory Environ. Inventory Environ. Inventory Environ. Factor Groups" Datafofo Impact Data Impact Data Impact

Institutional Features N 5 1.2 2 0.5 3 0.9 Historic Features N 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Unique Features N 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Residential Units N 221 25.0 405 67.1 335 52.6 River Crossings N 2 0.5 1 0.3 2 0.6 Major Road Crossings N 1 0.2 2 0.4 1 0.2 Commercial Establishment N 4 0.2 8 0.5 7 0.7 Continuous Streams N 32 4.1 20 2.5 25 2.9 Recreational Trails N 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Medium Road Crossings N 13 1.2 12 1.2 17 1.7 Intermittent Streams N 14 1.0 22 2.0 20 1.7 Light Road Crossings N 45 2.5 46 3.5 51 3.8 Railroad Crossings N 6 0.3 10 0.6 10 0.7

Surface Water F 0 00 0 0.0 0 0.0 Wetland F 0 00 0 0.0 0 0.0 Recreational Land F 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Orchard F 500 '.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 Woodlot F 14,500 23.8 13,200 22.6 14,400 25.2 Natural Areas F 0 00 0 0.0 0 0.0 Erosion Hazard Areas F 28,700 37.0 19,900 27.3 23,500 32.8 Surface Mine Areas F 0 00 400 0.0 0 0.0 Open Land F 125,300 38.8 116,300 84.9 136,900 93.3 Forest Land F 79,700 50.2 113,100 81.5 88,700 57.4 -- -F -- ——— -8 200-——— ————— 4,-1 2;5 —Gums-Land —I —4.1 —00 0 0;0 COMPOSITE 190.9 297.4 274.5

These tables ibt 24 general environmental categorieL Each of ths I'ldetailed environmental f«ton considered in the network ar»lysis are combined Into on appropriate generalized cateyxy. This process condensed detail of two types. F int, cenoin environmental features were distinguished according to their proximity to the right.of.way. For example, "residential" includes I) residentid units in the rightvsfnvay, 2) resident4I units within 500 feet of rightwfnvoy. and 3) residentld units withIn 500 feet to 1 000 feet of tlw right

INS'TITUTI0NALI Facilities in panidly restricted use by qc»sldwbiie organizations fe.g., school, church, hospital, cemetery, etc.) NATURALAREAS: Areas desiyr»ted by tlwstate ac having a special naturd chw«ter, This group indudes three facton considered This youp includes nine 4cton considered in the network anolysik in the network w»lysis. HISTORICAl: Historical snd ord»eologicol sites listed with the National Register of Historic Places. This group I(eludes 12 focton RECREATIONALTRAIL: The Appolach4n Trail or other dcdiy»ted hiklny trdls. This yrovp lndudes three focton considered in considered in the network onolyr L ttw network analysis. UNIQUE F EATUR ES: Natural and vhual features U»t have been identified by state or reg'onol groups as hoviny a unktue character EROSION HAZARD: Areas with a topographic slope of 30 percent or yreater. This yrovp includes three facton considered in the worthy ol pres«vation. Thb group includes six f«ton comidered In the network analysts. networlc analysis. RESIDE NTIALI Hovsing units on or within I 000 feet of tlw alternative rlghtwfnvoy, This grovp Indudes 12 foeton conskiered ln MEDIUMROAD: Roadways dniynatedby the USGA. ss heovyMty or mecliumduty. This yrovp Includes three f«tora nsnkfered the network or»lyris. In the network analysis. RIVER CROSSING: Crossings of major regional riverways Indudiny the Lehigh River ond Se Main ond West Branches of the SURFACE MINE: Ouarrin, strip ngnes, or rdated spoil areas crossecL This y ovp indudn 12 f«ton considered in the nnwork Susquehanna R iwr.This y oup Indudas three fact on ~idered in the network snalysIL ar»I+Is. MAJOR ROAD: Crossings of dhgded or limired access highways. This yroup includes three focton consk4red in the network OPEN LAND: Crop, posture, and vacant tracts of land crossecl. This yrovp Includes three f«tore conridered in the network anoiys)L andysls, INTERMITTENTSTREAM: Waterways which ore dry during certain seato>a. Tfgs yroup indudes tluee f«ton conAlered in dw COMMERCIAL: Comnwrcid or indvstrial establishments on or neer the okemative righH>f way. This group indudes six focton network «olys)L considered in the network onolyris. FOR ESTt Lorye tracts of forest cover. This y'oup indudes three 4cten considered In the network analysis. SURFACE WATER: Lakes, ponds and reservoin crossecL This yrovp includes three facton considered in the network analyA. LIGHT ROAD: Roodvray desly»ted by the US.GS. os lightduty or unimproved. This group indudes three f«tora considered in WETLAND: Open and wooded swamps or rr»nhes crossecL This group Indvdes three 4cton considered ln the network analysts. tl» network or»lysb. CONTINUOUS STREAMS: Continuous perenn4I watenvays other thon rivers noted above. This yroup Indudes six 4cton RAILROAD: Single or nwltipte track railroad rightsofnvay. This youp indudes three facton consfdered in the network sndysis. considered in the network snalysiL GAME LAND: Desfy»ted State game lands. This group indvdes three factors considered in the network analysis. RECREATIONAL LAND: State pwks and other public or quosipvbiie recreatior»l grounds. Thisyovpincludesdx4ctors comfdered in the network analysis. ORCHARDS AND WOODLOTSt Cultivated orchords and free stondiny woodlots whore size is sufficiently small that cleoriny of o "N" Denotes Number of Units of the Factor Crossed right.of.way would siynifcontly alter the natural Integrity of dw stand. This yroup Includes six fasten Induded In the "F" Denotn Linnr Feet of the Factor Crossed network ar»fysb.

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT SUNBURY-SUSQUEHANNAALTERNATIVE LINE ROUTES

TABLE 109 A1

Unit of Alternate Route A Alternate „Route B Alternate Route C Measure Inventory Environ. Inventory Environ. Inventory Environ. Factor Groups" Data"" Impact Data Impact Data Impact

Institutional Features N 2 0.7 4 1.2 2 0.7 Historic Features N 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Unique Features N 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Residential Units N 359 56.8 342 36.5 607 107.4 River Crossings N 3 0.9 3 0.8 3 0.9 Major Road Crossings N 3 1.0 3 0.6 3 1.0 Commercial Establishment N 6 0.4 3 0.2 5 0.3 Continuous Streams N 31 5.2 20 1.7 24 4.1 Recreational Trails N 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2 Medium Road Crossings N 30 3.8 31 2.9 27 3.3 Intermittent Streams N 7 0.5 7 0.5 7 0.5 Light Road Crossings N 50 3.6 43 2.5 55 3.9 Railroad Crossings N 6 0.3 13 0.6 8 0.5

Surface Water F 2,400 7.0 200 0.5 2,400 7.0 Wetland F 1,100 2.1 0 0.0 800 1.6 Recreational Land F 7,500 8.2 4,200 2.6 7,500 8.2 Orchard F 600 1.1 0 0.0 600 1.1 Woodlot F 10,500 19.3 9,400 15.9 9,800 18.0 Natural Areas F 6,700 13.3 16,800 27.4 6,700 13.3 Erosion Hazard Areas F 14,500 20.9 24,300 31.5 14,100 20.3 Surface Mine Areas F 0 0.0 16,800 6.0 0 0.0 Open Land F 72,100 48.9 76,500 32.0 72,100 48.9 Forest Land F 190,700 156.8 157,000 99.8 176,500 143.3 -— Game Land F 23,700— 15.1 17,300 —8.7 — 11,400 7;0

COMPOSITE 366.7 272.5 392.0

These tables list 24 general environmental cateyories. Each of the 117 de»yed environmental 4ctors conddeied ln the network analysis are combined into an sppropr4te generatlted category. This process condensed detail ol two types, Fint, cenain environmental features were distinguished according to their proximity to the right-ol way. For example, "resident4t" Indudes I) residentbl units in the rightvsfnvay, 2) resid«ttiai units within 500 feet of right ol way, and 3) res)dentist units within 500 feet to I 000 feet ol the rkjttofway. The second type of detail distinyvishedbetween features aossed according to whether the crossing 4 I) in parapet with sn existing 5 HV facility, 2) in parallel with an existiny Hv facility, or 3) not in parallel with an exist iny facility. The gen«al categories are defined below along with a note of actual number of analysis factors tint sre combined within.

INSTITUTIONAL: Fadlities in p«tiaily retricted use by quasi-pubtic organirations Ie.y, school, church, hospital, cemetery, etc.) NATURALAREASt'Are» designated by the state ss having a specbl natural character. This group Includes three factors cornidered This 0 ovp iixfudes nine factus consldered in the network «talysis. in the network analysiL HlsTDRIGAL: Historbal snd archaeotojicat sites listed with the National R«jitter of Historic place. This group includes 12 factors RECREATIONALTRAIL.'he AppVachbn Trail or other des)prated hiking trails. This youp indvde three factus conAferedin considered in the network analysis. the network anatys)L UNIOUE FEATURES: Natural snd viswt features that have been identified by state or rey'onal yroups as havings uniqve character EROSION HA2ARD: Areas with s topographic slope of 30 percent or greater. This group includes three 4ctors condderedin the worthy of preservation. Thb grovp includes six facto» consid«ed in the network analysis netwuk analysis. RESIDENTIAL: Housing units on or within 1,000 feet of the alternative right.of way. This group Includes 12 factors considered in MEDIUMROAD: Roadways designated by the U.S.GS. ss heavydvty or mediumduty. This group Inclvdes three facton considered the network analysis. in the network analysis. RIVER CROSSING: Crossinys ol ma)or regional riverways including the Lehigh River «xl the Main and West Branch» of the SURFACE MINE: Qvarrfe, strip irene. or related spoil we» uoss«L The 0 ovp indude 12 factors consideed in the network Susqvehanna River. This grovp Indudes three factors comfdered in the netwuk anal ysb. analyA. MAJOR ROADt Crossings ol divided or limited asses highwayx This grovp includes three factors considered In the network OPEN lAND.'rop, p»tore, and vacant uacts of land cmssed. Tlus group includes three factors considered in the network analyst. «tlIyus. INTERMITTENT STREAM: Waterwsys which sre dry during certain seas+a This group includes three 4ctors consideed in the COMMERCIAL: Commercial or Indvstrbl establishmenU on or near the alternative rlghtvsf.way, This group indvde six factors networ k analysts. cont'dered in the network analyus. FOREST: Large tracts of forest cover. This Iyovn Includes three factus coruidered in the network analysis. SURFACE WATER: Lakes, ponds and reservoirs crossed. This yroup includes three 4ctors considered in the network analysb. LIGHT ROAD: Roadway defytatsd by the US.G.S. ss llghtvfuty or unimproved. This group indudes three factory considered In WET LAND: Open and wooded sw«nps or m«shet uossed. This group include three fact us considered in the network anal yen. the network analysis. CONTINUOUS STREAMS: Continuous perennbl waterways other than riven noted above. This yroup indude dx factors RAILRDAD: single or mukiple track railro«f rightsofway. This group Ineude three facto» considered in the network analysis. considered In 'the netwuk analysts. GAME LAND: Des)gnated State game 4nds. This group Includes three factors considered in the network analysis. RECREATIONAL LAND: State parks and other pubtic or quasipublic recreational ground« Thisy'oupincludessix 4ctors considered in the network analysis. ORCHARDS AND WOODLOTS: Cultivated orchards snd free st«xling woodlots whose sire is suffkdently small that clearing of a "N" Denotes Number of Units of the Factor Crossed rightol.way would significantly alter the natural intetyity of the »and. This group include six factors included in the "F" Denotes Linear Feet of the Factor Crossed network arvfysis.

PENNSYLVANIAPOWER al LIGHTCOMPANY SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT SUSQUEHANNA—SIEGFRIED ALTERNATIVE LINE ROUTES

TABLE 10.9-A2

MILES

, ~ 5 A I, C M z S ( I (Lr I Ll TERoUiasgaz cr 3 UE I 'I ~ ,/ o 'tal ~ ~I 'I ). r NPL Is 3 Sl I 4 'a z sz

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-. ~ C I ...rI I R I I( / ALTERNATE ROUTES N r z 4' C f C'l/.'I, «S m I SUNBURY —SUSQUEHANNA I" /L

I z 4 s s z FIGURE 'l0.9.A1

Base Msp( Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation.

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6 MILES

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s i ii ~i i a i Jr."' I 'Z hrh ~ r i PENNSYLVANIAPOWER & LIGHT COMPANY f 1 SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION A E E e((,C}-*, h.'.Rh UNITS 1 AND 2 APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTALREPORT AMENDMENT5

h s 'I Lrrr.~ r t a ALTERNATE ROUTES 't 'I s r I f — A SUSQUEHANNA SIEG FR I ED

r tm a CCh ~ ~ r . 'g ~ ~ ~ . r hh h hhff ', Q~ R ,r FIGURE 10.9-A2

Base Msp: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Trsnsportst(on. I t 4 PART VI

NRC CHAPTER 11

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS

11.0 TRANSMISSION LINES

11.0.1 General

The benefit-cost analysis for the Sunbury-Susquehanna 500 kV line and the Susquehanna4iegfried 500 kV line evaluates the benefits expected to evolve from the construction and operation of the lines including the economic value of reliable electrical power delivery and the increased economic activity due to wages and tax revenues from Investment in Material and Labor. Balanced against these benefits are certain identifiable economic and environmental costs incurred because of construction and operation of the transmission line. Economic costs of the facility are a required financial commitment to be compared directly with the economic benefits. Conversely, the environmental costs |epresent areas of concern which may result in minor disturbances to wildlife,soil instability or visual impact but which must be considered as trade-offs made by society to achieve a minimum overall impact. A summary of the benefit-cost analysis is shown on Table 11.0-A.

1'1.'0.2 Benefits

'The principle benefits associated with the transmission'lines includes the fact that the construction of both lines on a timely 'basis will allow unrestricted plant output and II 'therefore will allow maximum revenues. The benefits of plant construction and operation were addressed in 'Paragraph 8.7 "Cost-Benefit Analysis" of the Environmental Report revised July, '1972. The energy production at Susquehanna is expected to be 12.9 million MWH per year'based on a projected 70 "percent capacity factor. Of this total, about 10 percent will be consumed in system losses leaving 11.6 million MWH available for sale. The value of the energy has'been estimated usingthe concept that the value of the energy'to 'the customer is 'at 'least as much. as 'he pays for it.'Based on the projected average customer rates in 1981 and '1983, the first full years of operation for Units 1 and 2 respectively, the value o'f the energy would:be'$260 million for Unit 1 in 1981 and $280 million for'Unit2 in '1983. The '1976 present worth of this energy assuming a cost of money of 1'1.'I 5% is "then 3287 million. Other direct benefits derived from construction,and operation of the lines include reliable elec'tric supply, personnel income and 'tax revenues paid on the capital investment.

11.0-1 1 Indirect benefits include transmission of power for additional waste product recycling equipment, modern sewage treatment plants, air pollution control devices industrial expansion and for contributing to society's ever rising standard of living. There will be some beneficial affect on wildlife along with transmission right-of- way in that a variety of new species will be attracted to the forest area by the introduction of "edge effect" and where the windrowing of slash will provide protection to small game. Hunters will also have improved'ccess to remote hunting areas. Also, PPSL Company will install food plantings and will reseed where requested by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Additionally, the cleared right-of-way will in some instances provide fire breaks and will permit access for fire fighting crews in case of forest fires.

11.0.3 Economic Costs

1 1.0.3. 1 Construction Costs

Construction costs include costs of labor and material for line construction, labor for clearing timber land and access road construction and the cost of right-of-way not previously purchased. (This includes present worth of annual rental to state for crossing timber land). Access roads were calculated based on the type of terrain traverse, i.e.; whether over mountainous terrain or adjacent to other rights-of-way.

11.0.3.2 Other Costs

Other costs associated with transmission lines include loss of timber land to production, loss of farm land occupied by the structures, crop damages and loss of acreage to development of residential and commercial expansion. The dollar. values of forest areas removed from production is assumed as an average of $ 170 per acre based on the damages charged by the Pennsylvania State Game Commission. The area of crop land removed from production was taken to include the area occupied by the transmission structures. For the "H"frame structures, approximately 1,000 sq. ft. per structure is lost. Assumed five structures per mile when crossing crop land, and the annual crop losses are assumed at $20 per acre.

11.0.4 Environmental Costs

1 1.0.4.1 WildlifeDisturbance

The initial clearing, the construction of access roads, the soil testing procedures and final erection of structures and stringing wire will have some intermittent disturbing effect on the wildlife along the line. The disturbance will be temporary and should not affect the wildlife population in the area except that the "edge effect" will attract small game.

11.0-2 11.0.4.2 Soil Disturbance

There will be some soil disturbance where access roads must, be built on the steeper slopes. Also, at sloping structure. sites some terrain leveling.work to accommodate the heavy material handling equipment will be done. This soil disturbance could result in erosion, but this will be mitigated by strict adherence to PPKL Company's erosion control specification. Alldisturbed areas will be seeded or mulched as soon as practical.

11.0.4.3 Aesthetic Impact

Visual impact data was calculated by assuming total annual manhours of viewing time from highways and residences. Highway exposure was based on three people per vehicle, eight hours per day, with 100 cars per hour on major, 25 cars per hour on medium and 10 cars per hour on light duty roads and assuming three minutes exposure at each crossing. By careful route selection, there are no instances where the line parallels major highways where extended visual exposure would occur. Exposure from residences was based on two persons per residence and one hour of viewing time per day.

11.0.4.4 Scenic Impact

The length of line in areas of "scenic hills and mountains" was defined to.be the miles of transmission line route traversing high ridges or mountains where the line will be visible from a distance of several miles; "Other scenic" areas are where the line is visible from established scenic overlooks.

11.0.5 Conclusions

In view of the small added burden on society of the variations in existing environmental conditions as tempered by PP8iL Company's compliance with their clearing and erosion control specifications, and mitigating measures and.by meeting all applicable regulations, it is concluded that the benefits out weigh the economic and environmental costs incurred in the construction and operation of the transmission lines.

'1 1.0-3 TABLE 11.0-A

SUMMARYOF BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS FOR 500 kV LINES

Sunbury- Susquehanna- Total SunburySusquehanna Susquehanna Siegf ried Plus Susquehanna-Siegfried Line Line Lines

Benefits

1. Annual energy produced by plant, MWH 12,877,000

2. Annual revenues from power produced, dollars 287,000,000

3. Employment Construction labor force, mandays 37,720 59,560 97,280

4. Income Construction labor, personal income, dollars 3,930,000 6,194,000 10,124,000 Maintenance labor, income over 35 years, dollars 440,000 440,000 880,000

Total personal income ',370,000 6,634,000 11,004,000

5. Tax revenues Annual tax revenues on construction cost, dollars 963,000 1,050,700 2,013,700 Total tax revenues over 35 years, dollars 33,705,000 35,140,000 68,845,000

Economic Costs

1. Length of line, miles 42.0 53.9 95.9

2. Length of access roads, miles 30 70 100

3. Construction costs of line including access roads, dollars 23,725,000 25,880,000 49,605,000 Cost of R/W not previously secured, dollars 86,700 390,000 476,700 Total cost including access roads and right-of-way, dollars 23,811,700 26,270,000 50,081,700 TABLE 11.0-A (Cont'd.)

Sunbury- Susquehanna- Total Sunbury4usquehanna Susquehanna Siegfried Plus SusquehannaSiegfried Line Line Line

4. Crop land losses Area removed from production by structures, acres 2.7 1.6 4.3 Cost of crop losses over 35 years, dollars 2,000 1,120 3,120

5. Timberland losses Area of forest removed from production, acres 353 974 1,327 Value of timber losses from production, dollars 60,101 165,580 225,681

Environmental Costs

1. Wild life disturbance Area of forest affected, acres 353 974 1.327

2. Soil disturbance

Length of access roads, miles 30 ~ 70 100 Area of access roads, acres 54 127 181 Area occupied by structures, acres 5 7 12 Total, acres 59 134 193

3. Aesthetic Impact Residences within 1000 ft. of corridor, number 221 358 579 Number of road crossings 59 83 142 Total annual viewing time from residences and highways, hours 537,120 927,360 1,464,480

4. Scenic impact Length of line in area of scenic hills and mountains, miles 11.5 2.0 13.5 Length of line in other scenic areas, miles 2.5 3.0 5.5

+Note: 1976 Dollars ""Note: Construction Schedule 39 Months PART VII

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS 4 II

~ P EXHIBITA

TRANSMISSION CONSTRUCTION SPECI FICATIONS

DEVELOPMENT OF

EROSION CONTROL PLAN FOR LINE CONSTRUCTION

Pennsylvania Power & Light Company PENNSYLVANIA PONER 6 LIGffl'OhlPANY ENGINEERING DEPARTlKNT SPECIFICATION FOR ACCESS ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURE SITE GRADING

SCOPE

This specification covers the location, construction , maintenance and

restoration of tho means of access either to or on the right of way and

any other earthmoving activity for the construction of a transmission

line. During construction, copies of this Specification and Construction

Plans shall be located in the field and shall be available for use by construction personnel and by state and federal agency personnel.

II . INTENT

The intent of the Specification is to describe the general provisions that

sh'all be followed for the accomplishment of,,work within the scope of the

4 Specification so as to cpntrol erosion and resulting sedimentation of

waters and to comply with PA DER Erosion and Sedimentation Control Regu- lations. This Specification shall be used in conjunction with the trans-

mission line construction plan and profile sheets and shall be referred to thereon. 'Ihe Construction Department shall notify the Soil Conservation Service at the Conservation District of the county in which tho trans-

mission line will be constructed in advance of any earth moving work being performed.

III. GENERAL

Increased transmission line impact and the amount of erosion are closely related. The moro earth moving that is performed, the moro visible the

13 Sheets, No ~ 2 of A-118231 transmission line becomes. It follows that erosion is directly pro- portional to the amount of root system and vegetation destroyed through grading operation and to the slope of disturbed surfaces. Therefore,

the selection of access road locations that require minimum grading, remove the least vegetation and ground cover, and reduce exposed slopes is of utmost importance.

'Ihe phase of construction during which erosion control measures shall be implemented are clearing of right of way, construction of access roads, preparation of structural site, material hauling to structure sites, excavation of foundations, preassembling and the erection of structures, final grading and wire stringing. Special erosion control measures shall

be implemented at stream and spring crossings and at public and private ,road crossings.

IV. VEGETATION tfANAGEHENT SPECIFICATION

The following Vegetation hfanagement Specifications shall apply:

LA-79827 - Specification for initial cutting, removal and trimming of vegetation on or adjacent to electric line right of way,

LA-79828 - Specification for installing vegetation on or adjacent to

electric line right of way. and for general landscaping.

V. ACCESS ROADS

In general, access roads shall bo located to preserve natural terrain and

minimize erosion and sedimentation. 1%ere possible, road grades and

13 Sheets, No. 3 of A-118231 alignments shall follow the contour of the land with smooth, gradual curves within the limits of the right of way unless special permission has been obtained to use the land outside of the right of way.

A. Grading

Where grading is necessary because of construction on hillsides,

means shall be employed to prevent erosion in the transmission line

right of way. The degree and aspect of the slope, the type and stability of the soil, and the permeability of undisturbed adjacent terrain are all factors which will effect the methods of erosion control which will be used.

in general, drainago swales or ditches shall be constructed as road building progresses and shall be located to follow thc natural drainage

patterns of the surrounding area. Contours of adjacent terrain as

well as right of way contours shall determine the location of swales.

Where the transmission line follows downhill slopes exceeding Sw, construct drainage ditches along access roads for directing water

runoff to in'terceptors, as shown on Sheets 10 5 11. These interceptors

shall be spaced in accordance with Sheet 13 to direct the flow of runoff water into existing stabilized areas. Riprap consisting of local stone shall be placed at the outlet of interceptors to break the force of runoff, except where runoff water can discharge immediately into rocky areas, hcavy vegetativo areas, or compacted brush pile.

13 Sheets, No. 4 of A-118231 1. Public Road Crossin

At public road crossings, the access road shall be located such

as to,avoid whenever possible giving the public a long view of

a transmission line. As much natural growth for the road

screen as possible shall be preserved by selecting a route angling through the screen from the public road to the cleared

right of way. When a route has been selected and the access . road is constructed, all vehicles shall utilize this entrance

to the transmission line. Any additional disturbance to the

road screen shall be hold to an absolute minimum.

Where the transmission line ground contour slopes downward towards the public road, construct drainage ditches or inter- ceptors at appropriate intervals along the access road to dir- ect water runoff across and off the access roads before reach- ing the public road; thereby allowing the water to dissipate into areas of vegetation and avoiding increased velocity of flow and acceleration of erosion on the roadway shoulder.

Soil disturbance shall be kept to a minimum and temporary

restoration shall be made immediately following grading. Slopes in earth cuts and fills and scarred areas at public road cross-

ings shall be hydroseeded as soon as practical with mix 8 (coarse

lawn mix) for slopes less than 3 to 1 or crown vetch for slopes

exceeding 3 to 1 per PPOL Co. Specification LA-79828, latest

revision, to reduce erosion and restore appearance of vegetation cover. At critical locations where high erosion potential exist and when time of year is not suitable for seeding, mulch

13 Sheets, No. 5 of A-118231 consisting of straw or wood chips shall be placed until the seeding

operation can take place.

2. Wooded Areas

Where grades permit, locate the access road on the lower elevation

of the right of way sidehill so it can be partially screened by the adjacent woodlands. Generally, the access road shall be loc- ated to avoid existing low growing troe varieties on the right of

way. When it is necessary to route the access road through clumps of trees, a route shall be selected which minimizes the tree damage.

Tree root damage caused by (1) excessive cuts into the roots, (2) disposal of fillon top of afoot zones, which can suffocate the tree, and (3) bark damage through scraping of the tree trunk shall be avoided wherever possible. Soil compaction by construction

equipment in the tree root zone which can have the same effect

as raising the grade shall be avoided. Besides cutting, filling,

compacting and bark tearing, the disposal of oils, chemicals or other toxic materials shall not be permitted.

>he access road shall have a minimum width which will permit the travel of construction equipment. During the clearing oper-

ation, soil disturbance shall be kept to a minimum, and rock out-

crops and tree stumps shall remain in place. Soft road bases should be stabilized with a suitable fillmaterial such as shale

or crushed stone. A minimum cover of 18 inches shall be retained over culvert pipes to ensure adequate protection, The Engineer

13 Sheets, No. 6 of A-118231 shall be consulted to specify stabilizing procedures in particulaxly difficult areas.

Every effort shall be made to avoid erosion by constant surveillance

N of potential erosion areas and where necessary, the'uts shall be smoothed out and gravel shall be spread on roadway to prevent

erosion, Slopes in oarth cuts and fills shall be seeded as pre-

viously described under the Public Road Crossing item.

3. Cultivated Area

Generally, no special road construction is required over flat cultivated areas. In cultivated areas, property owners shall be

consulted on road location to minimize crop damage and soil dis- turbance, Existing open field drainage ditches shall be maintained; Tire ruts and depressions which are created by vehicular traffic shall be corrected and the area maintained in suitable repair to prevent erosion acceleration.

Restorative measures shall be taken not more than one week after the construction of a transmission line. The disturbed areas shall

he first diskcd to loosen the soil and then seeded and mulched

to'educe erosion and restore natural appearance. Seeding in cultivated areas should be done only after consultation with the land owner.

4. Stree~ and S rin Crossin s

Access road construction in the vicinity of stream beds or springs shall be avoided where possible. If required, such activity shall

13 Sheets, Ho. 7 of A-118231 be performed in a manner to minimize damage to 'the natural con- dition of the area. All low growing tree varieties and ground cover shall be preserved. Root systems of trees that are not cut shall not be disturbed, and grading shall be kept to a minimum.

In general, stream fords shall be used where vehicle crossings are required. Where necessary, tho stream bottom shall be made firm by depositing native stone when practical in crossing area. In areas where equipment must repeatedly cross streams or springs or where the depth of the stream does not permit fording, culverts of sixe and number to adequately carry flow may be constructed. Installation of culverts shall be coordinated with loca1 .con- servation authorities.

Where streams are not crossed by access roads, vehicular traffic shall be restricted from.the immediate area of the stream banks, to avoid disturbing these usually fragile

areas.'oil

disturbed areas shall be seeded as soon as practical. Where steep slopes make it difficult to establish a vegetative cover, other restorative procedures, such as the use of gravel or rock shall be utilized. Local conservation authorities should be consulted before rock stabilization methods are used.

Disposal of oils, chemicals and other types of soil or water pol- lutants shall not be permitted, Ground water pumped from structural excavations shall be deposited in removable containers or settling or leeching wells or shall be spray irrigated.

13 Sheets, Ho, 8 of A-118231 VI, STRUCTURE SITES

Grading at the tower site shall be kept to the minimum sufficient for turn-around and for the assembling and orecting of tower steel. Topsoil

removed during excavation shall be stockpiled with precaution taken to

prevent erosion, preferably at a high location, and redistributed after tower erection.

On side hill construction, diversion terraces shall be constructed on the high side of the structure site so run-off water wi.ll be directed to un- disturbed terrain with adequate ground cover.

Whore water runoff from structure sites carry excessive sediment, a sedi-

ment basin shall be constructed on the low side of the site.

After the topsoil is redistributed, the area shall be promptly hydrosooded. Structure site and access road grading shall be so performed that original grades will be retained at each pole or foundation location.

F, G. Knauss:tlAS

0862

)5 Sheets, No. 9 of A-118251 Cut 1. INTERCEPTORS SPACED AT INTERVALS AS SHOWN OH Sf/ET NO. 13

2. S ED,CUT tc FILL AREAS (M LCH ONLY AS TEMPORARY M ASURE DURING NON- G OWIHG SEASON) 5. U E TOP SOIL SCRAPED OM TOWER SITE TO STALL DIVERSION RRACE AND SFB) AFTER TOPSOI L I S RKDISTRIBUTEb.

ACCESS ROAD SEE I SECTION B-B ON SHEET ~D

INTERCEPTOR SEE SECTION AA ON

SHEET ~NO

KACCESS ROAD

TEMPORARY DIVERSION f TOWER EVEL AREA FOR LAY- OOWH AHD ERECTIOH FILL EQUIPMENT

TEMPORARY SEDIIIENT BASIN

OUTLET INTO EXIST- IHG STABILIZED AREA

ACCESS ROAD AND TOWER SITE GRADING TYPICAL PLAN FOR LINE DOWH SLOPE 13 SHEETS. HO. 10 OF A-118231-o ~O 1. IHTERCEPTORS SPACED AT INTERVALS AS SHOWN OH SHEET'KD. 13

p . SEED,CUT C FILL AREAS (MULCH ONLY AS TEMPORARY MEASURE DURIHG HON-GROWING SEASON.) 3. USE TOP SOIL SCRAPEO FROII TOWER SITE TO INSTALL DIVERSION TERRACE AHO SHD AFTER TOPSOI I- IS RKDISTRIENTKD

'jf. ACCESS ROAD SEE SECTIOH 8-8 ON SHEET ~ 0 HO. 22 0 NhvuRAL. Owiuast TE PORARY IMEHT IH >Op ~Lapp

TEM ORARY OIV RSIOH TER ACE

it TOWER

I CD 02 ~AJ / EEHH CD El CZ: APP X. EPE AAJ I LEV AREA FOR LAYDOWN AHD ERECTIO

ACCESS ROAD AHD TOWER SITE GRADING TYPICAL PLAH FOR LINE ACROSS SLOPE 13 SHEETS, HD. II OF A-118231.0 DOWN SLOPE

FLo ~ 0 ITCH

w'CCESS

ROAD

DO'WH GRADE

INTERCEPTOR SPACING

FILL

CK IHTO BW I'UTLETEXISTING ~ illO STABILIZED AREA RIPRAP WHEN llJ I REQUIRED 2'IH.

ROAD GRADE HAS. MAX. 1. INTERCEPTORS SPACED AT 4:1 INTERVALS AS SHOWH OH SHEET HO. 13. SECTIOH A . A

2. SEED,CUT S FILL AREAS (MULCH OHLY AS TEMPORARY C5 MEASURE OURIHG NON-GROWIHG CC EXISTING CROSS GRADE |% IIIH. 2:I 13$ I MIN EATH

1: 1 MIN. 12'' SHALE SECTION - B MIH.

ACCESS ROAD TYPICAL ROAD AND INTERCEPTOR DETAILS 13 SHEETS, NO. 12 OF A-118231-o io

35

30

25

Vt

20

15

10

CD CS CD CV

INTERCEPTOR SPACING IH FEET ALONG 'X ROAO FOR VERTICAL INTERVAL OF

15'XAIIPLE;

ERASE AS SRORR DN PROFILE OR AS OEFEANINED IN FIELD IS 155. 1. ENTER CHART AT 15% 2. MOVE RIGHT TO INTERCEPT CURVE 3. MOVE OOWH TO FINO SPACING

ACCESS ROAD INTERCEPTOR SPACING

13 SHEETS, H0.13 OF A-118231-o EXHIBITB

VEGETATION MANAGEMENT

SPECIFICATIONS FOR

INITIALCUTTING, REMOVAL,AND TRIMMING OF VEGETATION

ON OR ADJACENT TO ELECTRIC LINE RIGHT-OF-WAY

Pennsylvania Power 5 Light Company INDEX

~Pa e

I. SCOPE

II. INTENT

OI. DEFINITIONS

IV. EXTENT OF WORK TO BE PERFORMED BY CONTRACTOR

V. RESPONSIBILITIES OF CONTRACTOR

A. General

B. Repair of Existing Fences

C. Access to Line Right of Way

D. Stream Crossings and Erosion Control 10

E. Method of Clearing 10

I; General 10 2. Types of Clearing ll

a. Tailored Clearing 11 b. Selective Clearing 12

F. Disposal of Cleared Vegetation 13

1. Timber 13 2. Slash 13

a. Compaction 13 b. Chipping 14 c. Burning 14

G, Chemical Control of Vegetation 15

H. Preservation of Existing Ground Cover and Ground Contours 17

I. Removal of Danger Trees 17

J. Special Clearing Restrictions 17

26 Sheets, No. 2 of LA-79827-2 INDEX Continued

EXH1BITS ~Pa e

1. Minimum Conductor Clearances for 66 Br, 138 kv Lines Utilizing 19 Single Wood or Steel Pole Structures

2. Minumum Conductor Clearances for 66 & 138 kv Lines UtQizing Towers and/or Multiple Wood or Steel Pole Structures 20

3. Minimum Conductor Clearance for 230 kv Lines (AllTypes) 21

4. Minimum Conductor Clearance for 500 kv Lines (AllTypes) 22 5. List of Plants Which Shall be Preserved Where They Occur on Electric Line Right of Way 23

6. Typical Notations to be Shown on Clearing Plan of Line by Company 25

7. Barbed Wire Gate for Closing Openings Made in Existing Fences 26

26 Sheets, No. 3 of LA-79827-2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR INITIALCUTTING, REMOVALAND TRIMMING OF VEGETATION ON OR AD CENT TO ELECTRIC LINE RIGHT OF WAY

I. SCOPE

This Specification covers the initial selective removal or trimming of trees and brush and selective spraying of growth on or adjacent to electric lines of all voltages located on private or public right of way.

11. INTENT

The intent of this Specification is to:

A. Specify the responsibilities of Contractors and describe the general procedures that shall be followed by Contractors in accomplishing all work within the scope of these Specifications.

B. Define the minimum clearance between conductors and trees acceptable to Company in providing satisfactory electric service to its customers.

C. Provide a type of clearing that will (1) improve the visual impact of right of way clearing on the public view to the greatest practical extent and (2) retain, where possible, desirable species of vegetation on or adjacent to electric line right of way to prevent ground erosion, reduce the requirements for screen plantings at road crossings and minimize future control maintenance. III. DEFINITIONS

A. Company - Pennsylvania Power & Light Company or its authorized representative.

B. Company Representative - An authorized representative of Pennsylvania Power and Light Company acting as liaison between the Company and Contractor in connection with all clearing activity. He willfollow and review, and, in the case of cost-plus work, direct as required, Contractor's clearing operations in the field to assure that the intent of this Specification is carried out.

C. Contractor - Right of way clearing contractor.

D. Clearing Plan - Plan of line showing location and type of clearing to be performed by Contractor.

E %coded Area - Areas covered by trees that have grown, or are of a species that can grow to a sufficient heijht to iris''erfere wl'th the operating reHabjlity of the elech ic fine. F. Initial Clearing - Applies to line right of way being cleared for the first time.

26 Sheets, No. 4 of LA-79827-2 G. Widening - Applies to increasing the cleared width of right of way along an existing electric line.

H. Selective Clearing - Removal of all forest type species, except where noted on Clearing Plan, and retention and preservation of low growing var ieties such as listed in Exhibit 5. See Section V, E-2-b. I. Tailored Clearing -,Topping and trimming of trees to obtain specified clearances to conductors, including removal of individual trees. See Section V, E-2-a.

J. Tree Removal - Felling of trees, including removal of branches, and disposal of timber and slash.

K. Tree Trimming - Cutting tree branches to provide designated clearances to a line conductor, including disposal of the slash. L. Danger Trees - Trees outside the initiallycleared right of way that, in falling, would either strike the conductor or pass within minimum clearances noted in Exhibits 1 through 4 of this Specification. Danger Trees will be marked for topping or removal by Company Representa- tive, who shall consider the following factors in making this decision: 1. Directional lean of tree. 2. Conformation of tree. 3. Species (wood structure and root system structure). 4. Age and vigor of tree. 5. Terrain. 6. Soil structure. 7. Potential hazard. M. Timber - Merchantable tree trunks and branches four inches or larger in diameter. N. Slash - Cut tree trunks and branches smaller than four inches in diameter, also undesirable brush requiring removal. O. Compaction - Method of stacking and compacting slash as described in Section V, F-2-a. P. Spraying - Chemical treatment of stumps, exposed roots and undesirable woody growth to prevent recurring growth. Q. Improved Road - Any public road surfaced with concrete, macadam, crushed stone, etc. On land under the jurisdiction of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources or Pennsylvania Game Commission, all roads open to public travel shall be considered improved in respect to the type of clearing required by these specifications, except as otherwise determined by the Department or Commission.

26 Sheets, No. 5 of LA-79827-2 IV. EXTENT OF WORK TO BE PERFORMED BY CONTRACTOR

A. Work shall include clearing the right of way to the widths and clearances noted in Tables I and II of this Specification for the voltage and type of line involved.

Work shall be done in accordance with the specifications for the type of clearing noted on prints of Clearing Plan of 11ne furnished by Company to each prospective bidder and as further detailed in Ods Specification. 'These prints shall become part of the clearing contract - and as herein specified.

B. Line Clearing Plans generally will be prepared for higher voltage lines $ 6 kv and above). In addition to showing clearing 1nstructlnns, Clearing Plans also willbe marked to show names nf property owners. When no Clearing Plan is available, generally for lines less than 66 kv voltage, type and location of each type of initial cle«ring shall be as noted in thr request for bids for this work and as further detailed in this Specification.

C. Company will provide successful bidder, in writing, a list of right of way grants for a new line, or where cleared right of way of an existing line is being widened. 'Ibis list will show names of property owners and clearing rights secured, including restrictions.

D. Contractor shall confine his activities within the limits provided by the right of way grants, except for danger trees. This shall include the storage of equipment and materials and the exercise of proper care to avo1d damage and 11tter outside these areas, Allrestrictions in the right of way grants shall be strictly adhered to by Contractor.

E. Where the electric line is adjacent to property lines, danger trees may he on adjoining properties. Permission for trimming or removing these trees will be obtained by Company from the property owners involved. All trees so designated will be marked by Company prior to Contractor undertaking this work.

F. Prior to start of clearing operations, the Company will stake the center 11ne of the electric line. 'Ihe center hub of each line structure also will be staked by Company, when possible. Contractor shall take precautions to preserve all survey stakes and hubs, and those destroyed in the clearing operation will be replaced at the expense of the Contractor.

2 6 Sheets, No. 6 of LA-79827-2 Table I

MINIMUMTOTAL WIDTHS WITHINWHICH CLEARING IS TO BE PERFORMED IN WOODED AREAS UNLESS OTHERWISE DESIGNATED IN C NTRACT

Voltage and Type of Construction Width

Aerial Cable on Messenger Cut limbs and branches less than 4" diam. to (all voltages) clear cable by 30" min. (For tree trunks and larger branches, no clearance is required.)

Plastic Covered Conductor 10 ft - Bracket Construction (above 600 v. to 12 kv.) 20 ft - Crossarm Construction

23 Kv Lines and Under Bare Conductors

Wood Pole or Tower

Single Phase 30 ft Three Phase 50 ft

66 6 138 Kv Lines

Single steel or wood pole 70 ft (See Exhibit 1, Sht. ¹ 19) Two or more pole structure 100 ft (See Exhibit 2, Sht. ¹20) Steel Tower 100 ft (See Exhibit 2, Sht. ¹20)

230 Kv Lines

Steel pole 100 ft (See Exhibit 3, Sht. ¹21) Steel tower 100 ft (See Exhibit 3, Sht. ¹21)

500 Kv Lines

Steel tower 200 ft (See Exhibit 4, Sht. ¹22)

26Sheets, No. 7of IA-79827-2 Table II

MINIMUMCLEARANCES TO BE OBTAINED BY TRIMMING FOR LINES LOCATED ALONG OR WITHIN HIGHWAYS AND STREETS

Volta e of Line Minimum Clearance to Conductor (Horizontal and Vertical)

23 kv and under 5 ft 66 kv to 230 kv l5 ft 500 kv 20 ft

V. RESPONSIBILITIES OF CONTRACTOR

A. General

l. Contractor shall provide all necessary labor and equipmert for execution of the worke

2. Prior to the start of cleating operations, property owners will be notified by the Company when clearing operations are expected to begin. Whenever possible, Contractor also shall contact the property owner, or his representative, prior to start of clearing operations.

Contractor shall not begin his operations until he is notified to proceed by the Company. Copies of all out permits required by regulatory agencies will be furnished to the Contractor by the Coinpany and shaD be kept at tlie site of activity when clearing operations are undertaken.

3. No tree cr brush work shall be performed within the confines of State Highway limits unless a permit has been obtained by Company from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and is in possession of Contractor at site of work.

4. Contractor shall conduct all operations in such a manner that aD roads will be kept open to traffic.

5. Contractor shall clean up all slash and rubbish resulting from his work as work progresses, leaving the area in a condition satisfactory to Company's representative.

B. Re ir of Bxletlng Fences

Contractor shall be responsible for immediately repairing or replacing all fences or gates damaged by his forces at his own expense. 'Ihe continuity of electric fences shall be maintained. Adequate care shall be taken to assure that gates are not left open or fences left in such condition that the properl v "wner's livestock can escape. If existing

26 Sheets, No. 8 of IA-79027-2 fences or gates along a right of way are in a state of disrepair prior to start of clearing and could allow livestock to escape, this shall be called to the attention of the Company Representative in order that the property owner may be notified.

2. Where existing usable fences are attached to trunks of trees to be felled, these trees shall be cut at a point six inches above the top wire strand, unless otherwise directed by the Company's Representative.

3. Where movement of Contractor's equipment is required through existing fences, a "Texas" style gate per attached Exhibit 7, shall be made by the Contractor. Any required addition of fence-wire, brace posts, gate posts or other associated fence material - shall be of new quality and of similar design as existing fence material.

C.Access to Line Ri ht of Wa

I. Access to the line right of way shall be limited, where possible, to public road crossings.

Additional access off the limits of line easements shall be negotiated by the Company, when deemed necessary by Company representative. When line access is desired from property owners other than those from whom easements already have been obtained by the Company, Contractor shall notify Company Representative. Upon Company Representative's concurrence on the necessity of this additional access, Company willnegotiate with these property owners for this privilege. Contractor shall bear the cost of any damage he may cause to these access routes and obtain written release for damage from property owners. 2. Existing roads, culverts or bridges - either private or public - that form a portion of Contractor's means of access to the right of way shall be reviewed with the Company Representative prior to use. The Contractor shall take whatever steps the Company Representative deems necessary to insure that these facilities are restored to at least as good condition after the Contractor's use as they were origina'ly. At the request of the Company Representative, the Contractor shall immediately repair damaged roads or bridges that would hinder or prevent the owner's or tenant's use.

3. Where new roads or other means of access such as bridges, etc., are required to enter or traverse the right of way for construction or maintenance of the line, clearing for these facilities shall be performed by the Contractor by direction of the Company Representative.

4. In general, vehicle traffic shall be restricted to a single lane roadway of ~ 15'-0" width along and into the right of way. Where the access road leaves an improved highway into the right of way, it shall be located so as to enter the right of way from either edge and at an angle to the highway to avoid observation down the center of right of way from the highway.

26 Sheets, No. 9 of IA-79827-2 For access to right of way on hillsides, access road shall be loca(ed on uphill side of right of way, where possible, to prevent erosion. Contractor shall use only one access strip as designated by Company Representative.

D. Stream Crossin s and Erosion Control

1. Contractor shall keep his equipment out of streams or other bodies of water. If it is necessary to cross a stream, Contractor shall construct 0 temporary bridge adequate for his requirements so as to avoid siltation of the waterway or erosion to its banks that could cause future siltatioa.

Contractor shall comply with all pertinent provisions of Chapter 102 (Erosion Control) adopted September 21, '1972, to form part of the Pennsylvania Clean Streams Law of 7une 'd2, 193?; P.L. 1987.

2. Where swampy areas are traversed by line route, a rip-rap surfacing of vegetation shall be installed by Contractor to protect the ground contours prior to crossing these locations with any equipment.

Locations where these protective measures shall be utilized will be noted on the Clearing Plan of line or per instructions issued at time quotations are requested for work.

Rip-rap shall be laid on the ground surface and corstructed of an undermat of brush, limbs and tree stems laid perpendicular to the line center line in an 18 to 20 foo! wide swath. Poles 18 to 20 feel long,cut from adjacent timber, shall then be laid closely together on top of this undermat. Cover poles should extend transversely from one edge of the base swath to the other, forming a corduroy roadway. E. Method of Clearin

1. General

a. Contractor shall cut and remove all specified trees, tree stubs and brush on the right of way within the widths noted in Table I, and as detailed in this Specification for the type of c 1 earing to be performed. All stump heights shall be a maximum of three inches above normal ground level, with no sharp points or splinters left standing. Stumps shall be cut parallel with the ground.

b. Contractor shall cut and dispose of all slash, logs and tree stubs in previously cut-over areas. All tree stubs of a height greater than three inches above normal grade in these areas shall be recut and disposed ot unless otherwise specified.

2 6 Sheets, No. 10of LA-79827-2 c. On the edges and banks of streams and other natural water courses, clearing shall be done in a manner that w111 not disturb the root structure of the existing growth or increase the hazard of erosion. At stream or river crossings, Contractor shall satisfactorily restore the original ground contours of any disturbed bank areas to prevent erosion. Logs from trees cut along streams and swamps shall be removed beyond any possible flood areas. ~

The type of clearing to be performed by Contractor on various parts of a line, or for the entire 11ne, will be marked on the Clearing Plan of line furnished by the Company or specifically noted in the requests for quotations for this work. Two types of clearing may be involved: Tailored or Selective. a. Tailored Clearin

Tailored clearing shall be performed at locations noted on the Clearing Plan of line furnished by Company or as specifically noted in requests for bids.

Tailored clearing will be specified to obtain minimum clearances between line conductors and vegetation on or adjacent to the right of way as follows:

(l) At 1mproved road crossings as specified on Clearing Plan or as designated by Company Representative.

(2) In park and preserved natural areas.

(3) Along highways and city streets.

(4) At peaks, ridges and edge of wooded areas visible to the general public.

(5) At stream and river crossings visible to the general public or for erosion control.

(6) At any designated location along the route of a line where the Company deems it necessary to keep the removal of vegetation on or adjacent to the right of way to a minimum, consistent with reliable 11ne operation.

Where this type of clearing 1s to be performed, the center hub of each tower line structure willbe staked by the Company in advance All existing vegetation of all clearing activity at that location. '" within the right of way 11mits shall be preserved to the greatest

2 6 Sheets, No. llofIA-79827-2 extent possible, except where its removal is required for erection of line structures or installation of conductors.

In all cases, conductor clearances at least equal to or greater than those noted in Exhibits I to 4 of this Specification shall be obtained by trimming or topping.

Where the amount of trimming or topping required is such as to endanger the normal life of a tree, or destroy its natural symmetry when located in parks, at road crossings, along improved roads or other locations where high public visibilityis involved, the tree shall be removed. All trimming, topping or tree removal shall be done in such manner as to develop an irregular, softened effect that blends the right of way clearing into the surrounding undisturbed vegetation without sharply defined breaks or patterns.

Clearing of this type shall be performed under the direction of a Company Representative who also willdetermine any additional clearing or trimming required at these locations for access roads, erection of line structures and installation of conductors. Selective Clearin

Selective clearing shall be performed at locations noted on the Clearing Plan of line furnished by Company or as specifically noted in the request for quotations.

Where this type of clearing is to be performed, clearing shall include the removal of all trees other than low growing varieties noted in Exhibit 5 of this Specification. Initial clearing shall be confined within thevarious widths noted in Exhibits 1 to 4 of this Specification, for the specific type and voltage of line to be installed. Wee removal along the edges of the initial clearing width should be irregular to avoid a precise, mechanical effect.

Existing shrubs, herbs and grasses shall be preserved to the greatest extent practical during the clearing process. Where structure locations are established prior to clearing, all brush shall be removed in their vicinity, as noted in the applicable Exhibit. Where structure locations have not been determined at time of clearing, these areas shall be cleared of brush by the Clearing Contractor after structure center hubs have been established by Company.

Where the maximum sag of the low conductors is well above the tree growth in gullies or ravines, no removal of forest type trees in these areas will be necessary, except as may be required for line access or wire stringing. Specific instructions as to the

26 Sheets, No. 12 of IA-79827-2 extent of clearing at these locations will be noted on the Clearing Plan of line, when furnished by the Company, or as noted in the requests for quotations when no Clearing Plan is available.

Following installation of line conductors, Company's Represe'ntative willdesignate all danger trees that require removal. Selection of trees for removal at this time also may include some growth along the previously cleared edges of right of way to further develop a random, irregular pattern where the degree of public visibility involved warrants this additional work. These trees will be designated by Company's Representative.

F. Dis sal of Cleared Ve etation

l. The following shell be the method of disposal for merchantable timber.

a. All merchantable timber four inches or larger in diameter shall be placed in neat piles parallel along the edge of the right of way. Timber shall be stacked tree length unless otherwise specified. Stacks or piles of Umber shall not be greater in length than the longest tree length. A separation of at least ten feet shall be provided between individual piles. Location of the various timber piles shall be chosen so that they will be concealed to the greatest practical extent by existing vegetation selecUvely retained on the right of way to soften its appearance. Allroads, trails or streams Qncluding their banks) shall be kept open and no stacking shall"be undertaken within a road screea ce;witQn'100: feet of a road."

2. The following shall be the methods of disposal for non-merchantable timber, tree tops, limbs and slash. Method to be uUlized willbe specified either on the Clearing Plan, by instructions furnished at time quotations are requested, or as noted on the property owner's Restriction List.

a. C~om ctlon

Slash and other cut material requiring disposal shall be stacked in flattened mounds to a height less than eye level. Compaction of piles may be facilitated by use of equipment employed in the associated clearing operations. Piles shall be dressed of'protruding limbs and located with the rear edge of piles at the edge of the line right of way. Piles shall be kept o1ear of tower and pole sites.'he length of a pile of compacted slash should not be any greater than a tree length timber pile and its width limited so as not to interfere with access road construction or wire stringing. A separation of at least ten'feet shall be provided between adjoining piles of timber or slash.

26 Sheets, No. 1 3 of LA-79827-2 No stacking shall be undertaken within a road screen, within 100 feet of a road or at other locations involving high public visibility. b. C~hi i~in

Chipping will be specified when compaction or burning of slash is not acceptable. Locations where chipping is to be performed will be as previously noted or may be requested during the actual clearing operations in the case of right of way acquired after clearing has commenced at other locations on the route of line.

Chips shall be randomly scattered on the right of way but shall not be deposited in fields, along city streets, park areas, or on the banks of streams or ponds. These areas will either be noted on the line Clearing Plan, Restriction List or verbally by the Company Representative. At these locations, disposal of chips off the job site shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. c. ~Bnrnin

Burning of slash shall be performed only upon Company authorization and in compliance with the Regulations to Control Area (Air-Basin) Air Pollution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Air Pollution Commission - also any local or municipal ordinances.

Contractor shall comply with the following measures in connection with any burning activity:

1. Contractor shall notify the local fire department, District Office of the Department of Environmental Resources and Company Representative prior to conducting a burning operation on a dally basis.

2 ~ Burning shall be kept to small piles located clear of vegetation to be retained on right of way, as well as standing timber adjacent to edge of right of way. A tractor-width area around perimeter of slash pile shall be raked free of combustible material prior to burning.

3. Burning shall be undertaken only when safe burning conditions exist - as determined by Company Representative in conjunction with a representative of the District Office of the Department of Environmental Resources.

4. The use of rubber tires for starting fires is prohibited.

26 Sheets, No. 14 of LA-79827-2 S. When a fire is reduced to charcoal and ash, tt shall be raked and opened to prevent hot embers remaining in the ash piles. 'Ihis precaution is contingent upon safe burning conditions prevailing at the same time.

6. Adequate fire-fighting equipment shall be kept at the site of any burning activity, including Indian Fire Tanks and Rich Fire Rakes (or equivalent), and a qujjgQy.,af water sufficient to extinguish 'any outbreaks.

7. If burning conditions deteriorate, burning operations shall cease. Mechanized fire fighting equipment (motor driven high pressure pump and tank units) shall be provided and utilized by Contractor until areas being burned are determined safe by Company Representative.

8. Continuous patrolling shall be provided by the Contractor (day and night) as long as fire danger is high and hot embers exist in any of the burn piles. Burying of hot embers also willbe an acceptable method of reducing the chance of a Qre outbreak but will not eliminate the necessity of providing the above-noted protective measures.

9. Any fire which burns beyond the right of way limits shall be promptly reported to the nearest Company Operating Headquarters or to the Company Representative. If there is any danger of a fire spreading beyond the control of the Contractor, the District office of the Department of Environmental Resources shall be notified for additional help to regain control of the situation.

10. Contractor shall be responsible for any damage or in)ury resulting from a burning operation.

G. Chemical Control of Ve etation

l. All chemical treatment for control of vegetation on electric line right of way shall be done selectively. No broadcast spraying will be permitted. Chemical treatment of sturqs shall be as follows:

a. Contractor shall spray with a chemical solution all cut stumps one inch and larger (except evergreens) as soon after cutting as possible. The entire stump shall be completely saturated, including all exposed bark and roots. Spraying to the point of run-off is imperative. The chemical solution shall consist of 4 gallons of 2,4,5T (4 lbs. acid equivalent per gallon of concentrate) to 96 gallons of f2 fuel oil. A substitute for this solution may be used with written permission from the Company.

26Sheets, No. IS of IA-79827-2 b. Chemical solution shall be applied by means of pressure tank spray equipment or by other procedures which will provide the thorough wetting and 1mpregnation requirements necessary for a stump killof at least 75%. Final stump kill shall be determin d at the time of the next growing season. If percentage of stump killdoes not meet the specified requirements, Contractor shall respray at his own expense until the specified percentage is reached. Stumps sprayed 30 minutes or less prior to rain shall be sprayed again but not unt11 30 minutes after run-off has stopped.

c. Under no condition shall the Contractor use a chemical weed or vegetation killer on the right of way on lands under the jurisdiction of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources or Pennsylvania Game Commission, on a designated water shed property or 1n the vicinity of springs or drainage ditches except upon written approval by the respective Department, Commission or owners.

d. Chemical spray solution may be applied under any seasonable conditions except when snow, ice or water prevents intimate contact of the solution with the bark of the stump down to the ground line.

e. Adequate care shall be exercised in spraying near growing crops or near shrubs and trees which are to be preserved. Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to prevent fires during the course of spraying operations.

f. In clearing along edges and on banks of springs, creeks and other natural water courses where steep slopes make such banks susceptible to erosion, chemical treatment shall be completely omitted on stumps located on the banks and within 50 ft beyond the tops of banks. Th1s provision shall not apply to swales and other shallow depressions where erosion is prevented by heavy existing sod, briars, vines nr similar ground cover. Contractor shall take adequate precautions to prevent contamination of all water courses. 2. Chemical Growth Inhibitors

a. The use of chemical growth inhibitors on vegetation on or adjacent to electric line right of way shall be undertaken only when specified by Company.

b. Type of inhibitor, method, location and extent of application-shall be in accordance with detailed instructions furnished by Company at time bids for this work are requested.

2 6 Sheets, No. I 6 of IA-79827-" 3. Treatment of Cut Surfaces

After trimming or topping ornamental or street trees, or as required by local or State regulation, Contractor shall paint all cut surfaces one inch or more in diameter with an approved tree wound dressing.

H. heservation of Existin Ground Cover and Ground Contours

1. Contractor shall take adequate precautions not to remove or damage existing vegetation designated for preservation —either as herein noted or as marked by Company Represen'fauve.

2. Wheeled or tracked equipment shall be equipped with brushrakes, forks, winches or equivalent to move timber and slash into position for stacking, compaction, burning or removal. In order to minimize removal of or damage to low growing varieties and ground cover, the use of bulldozer blades to handle timber or slash willnot be permitted.

3. Contractor shall regrade deep cuts, rute, stump holes or mounded areas caused by clearing operations when, in the opinion of the Company's Representative, they could cause future ground erosion or interfere with access for line construction or maintenance.

4. 'Ihe Contractor shall exercise special care at locations with ornamental, fruit and/or nut trees —also cultivated grape, berry vines or bushes which are not to be removed or sprayed. Ornamental, fruit or nut trees shall be trimmed or removed only by direction of the Company Representative and when prior written permission has been secured from the property owner ~

I. Remov 1 of Dan er Trees

1. Contractor shall trim, top or cut and remove all danger trees. Danger trees shall be specified by Company Representative in accordance with this Specification and normally will be marked, trimmed or removed after installation of line conductors.

2. Danger trees shall not be removed for 23 kv and lower voltage lines. However, all dead trees, or live trees with soil dug or washed from their roots in such manner as to reduce their stabiL~ty, shall be removed where there is a probablity of falling into 23 kv and lower voltage lines.

7. S ci l Clearin Restrictions

l. 'The natural symmetry and beauty of trees which are trimmed or topped shall be considered and maintained to the greatest extent possible. No stubs shall be left.

26 Sheets, No. 17 of IA-79827-2 2. Existing trees within an area specified for tailored'clearing shall not be removed except as specifically marked by the Company Representative. When it is necessary to remove these trees to provide adequate conductor clearance, special care shall be taken in their felling and removal so as not to damage vegetation that is to remain. Any broken or damaged limbs shall be neatly pruned or removed. 'Ihese provisions shall apply at all line crossings over improved roads, along city streets and highways, and through park areas, regardless of the type clearing specified for the total line.

3. Clearing in watershed areas shall be kept to a minimum to minimize run-off of muddy water and soil erosion. Watershed areas will. be identified by the Company as to their location and extent on the prints of the plan of line furnished with request for quotations for this work.

4. As a final comment, it is recognized that the type of vegetation prevailing in some parts of the Cnmpany's service area is such that little or no forest understory or brush exists for possible preservation 1n these wooded areas. Even though Tailored clearing is specified, including locations at road crossings, the necessary removal of forest type trees in these areas to provide adequate conductor clearance cannot avoid creating a more or less pronounced break in the pattern of forest cover. The intent of this Specification is to soften the appearance of this break as much as possible by develop1ng a natural appearing, rounded kind of clearing edge and the retention of existing low ground cover. 'Ihe selection of a specific type of clearing will be determined by the Company in advance of all clearing operations in relation to the degree and kind of public exposure involved with the location of the line.

APPROVED (including all Exhibits attached hereto)

H. W. Wri ht s Manager, Engineering

E S id r s Manager, Distribution

R. C. Zundel s Manager, Real Estate

N. W. Curtis s Manager, Construction g H mt s Director, Environmental Development

By: Q. H. Smith-6/1/70 Revision 42-Approved 5/15/7: 2 6 Sheets, No. 1 8 of IA-70 827-2 @ax. Cunstrc.for Sag R spof WIng -ltar4 (a+ any location in 8 pan)

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pgrArtn India el carin n i At c cr QrccS oufsiclc inikiat efain all strtall rrccst shrubs> herbs h yrwsscs leaping fitttif5 or oui'sl4c 'VH ol c 8 In Gc hbi+ l,shiit~ ~ > dctcrninc4 ait4 .Clear all feces bc underbrush wt+tn 6'-O'rlapic I vthl css ofhcrmise rior+ o< piss. st vasss. ~ All slssrsssss sold shall hs p q~ Jri .+0 consivaters ic+ cdQI*oot oF l77axINsiAI g Sap oboist act Jina Plan 4 Profile sir~ ~ c aariny liming. ~E Hinlmvrrt Condvc+ot Clcarancu For lssKV. Lines vktlt~tna 49l Pool ov g~g( %le Df-rvdf es . g ~sstss NsII afLt-1'f'S.X7-2. Nm. Con]. Sag V 9 pt;f winct -bare (4f any location in sion)

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pa ArfA Inl+iAI c14AT Ihg in+his drcC Danqcr 6 ccs outride tnikinl dcaririo Rafuin all srhall fa'ccsz shrubsihcrhs 8c l irri'its or ovtsikt, Fowl li~i+s ~ bc I le<(,g,~ ~'l ~ at~ 4ct4rinincd 4mavhfcd by'o~ g War vLes bc vndcrgrvsh wiHin 35-'0"of ~- .P ~ Pow or ~ poles'.lv"n.po c s uc vrc v"nlcs>4>, otI og by sctcttivc ygwevql oftrrcs l +c artcc p > wi an) +owe] Ihlwac ttccYtM IINtts ~ Clacu'ancae not'eel shall bc ts coetvcfors g$ cohditisr of m~eu~ asahcwnon Hintmufn C cn dnces For 66 @. Lwa Plan ht rrot'ita crawinp-~ t5s Kv'. Lines Utiltxiny Towers 4/or'luttiplc : Q.il4-JO-.)t.~4$~ ~ bloat,or She'll Phlc 5fructui as - hype sf/it/q~ 24'~, Ho~'oF. LA-'1e 8<7-2 HaX. C.Q Se) R 8 ps'utng- hart. (ct any Iooabott in span'l

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Claar%ncc Ltna for It'il'fin I n:. Claartncl $ Tower Normal @md ov Pote of Initial CICarthf S'a,leobvely desty~d Normal 5~ Lttntf 6v ToweiS VcycMtoot & r~atit . Bc t4tttjy4. pole struatvre4 tri x Qr l5'nest Jtc clcert HJoiZccf R veal 94 vciacf ~ sec, Plan oF L t ne) Pi+o 25L ( PCW r S,yVOSSCS ovlstdc litntkg bc, gc&rmtncg 8c tncrKef l v +vcaa nHad in Gthtlttl..s; clcavatl kwes * 30'-o'of Conipany Q~csetifxf'tvc r condvdors ae, tnstalltcf. undaohruah ot'r iMttjitn + aPvaqahdvon bc ar palctitnleos ofhav~sc no% on vancfotq> Irrcgular pa~ altall Pletn of'nc olcarancca nolaJ cvelcpe4a4nq&e c+H RJ~ 5y thc sclcehVc, /II t tal shall ba lo condttakers 6 cond@ton oP restioval M.4. at%in.3k beyond nil ttiatttntttn sa) as &cion on Line Pion claavtri) liming>. ,R.prW~ila 4rawtny,

)< HI Hwtmttm Cotiduc, v |IcLrsances For 230 Kv'. Lines (A I l 'TyP<4$ ~ 'J~/4/ ~. «1, V$ @Sb h,a/n y o~ IA--l9827-t Dim."5"is t-hc, inane. Final day of oongucAr a) 2.l<4 Shown on nc. Profile (af. gaX Condvi.tor M9 R cI y Iocakio z.iz> psf wing bare iR span) (at any locid'ion:0 SP n)

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Panycr t rees ouHldc rw I unif Q be dcWmincr! 8r De.lcd ive ly gcslena4d vcocteil'ion maI'Iivy'ay AHern Yeqctat df ici.'all be devdoyy.I afar p Pcrkryn >nd'ia.l clearing ln &is area ~ 9he ofp~ tiiel A@i'a>n ail small trees>yshyubs, Nornial ed c ofQiu~ Qyc by bergs 8r ~i%bin which Scjecfivc ycniov~l oF yo~sies notacf in B' Clear initial t'rees wit.hin h beyond ll -.yecS "Io'-o" cranny shall L underbrush within be.~~~/. ih I tl4 I el carln9 lim g fg of 4 of tower unless o+hcrwicc nofof on Plan oF Dna. All clcaranccs noterf SR~If bc Q conrluctorg at conefition of'naxiynurg "aq cps shown on Linc Plan W Pro+>le. 4rowinp. ~E* Mlnlmum Conductor CICar Ho, ZX Of'R-'798'2'/-2. Exhibit 5

LIST OF PIANTS WHICH SHALL BE PRESERVED WHERE THEY OCCUR ON, ELECTRIC LINE RIGHT OF WAY

1. Small Trees

a. White Flowering Dogwood h. Sumac - Staghorn, Smooth, Dwarf (comus florida) (Rhus spp.)

b. Red Bud i. Striped Maple (Cercis canadensis) (Acer pennsylvanicum)

c. Hawthorn Mountain Maple (Crataegus spp.) (Acer spicatum)

d. Blue Beech k. Pin Cherry (Carpinus caroliniana) (Prunus pennsylvanicum)

e. Shad Bush 1., White Cedar (Amelanchier canadensis) (Thule occidentalis)

f. Iron Wood (Hophorn beam) m. American Chestnut (Ostrya virginiana) (Castanea dentata)

g. Red Cedar - Iuniper (Iuniperus virginiana)

2. ~Iat e 8hrubs

a. Alder g. Choke Cherry (Ainus spp.) (Prunus virginiana) b. Hazelnut h. Elderberry (Corylus spp.) (Sambucus spp.) c. Witch Hazel i. Rhododendron (Hamamelis virginiana) (Rhododendron maximum)

d. Dwarf Willow Scrub Oak (Salix humilis) (Quereus spp.) e. Deciduous Holly k. Viburnum (llex verticillata) (Viburnum spp.)

f. Spice Bush 1. Dogwood (Benzoin ace tivale) (Comus spp.) 26 Sheets, No. 23 of IA-79827-2 Exhibit 5 Cont'd

3. Small Shrubs a. Mountain Laurel h. Meadow Sweet (Kalmia latifolia) (Spiraea spp.)

b. American Yew - Ground Hemlock i. Checkerberry - Wintergreen or (Taxus canadensis) 'Partridgeberry (Gaultheria procumbens) c. Sweet Fern (Myrica peregrina) f . Trailing Arbutus (Epigaea repens) d. Bush Honeysuckle - Pinxterbloom or Azalea k. Blackberry (Azalea nudiflorum) (Rubus allegheniensis)

- e. Huckleberries 1. Raspberry (Gaylussacia spp. ) (Rubus occidentalis) f. Blueberries m. Choke Berry (Vaccinium spp.) (Pyrus arbutifolia) g. Viburnums n. Green Brier (Viburnum spp.) (Smilax rotundifolia)

4. All native grasses, ferns and herbaceous plants.

5. All annual weeds and annual plants.

26 Sheets, No. 24 of LA-79827-2 u

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biolc4 Cw l Hove exisbnp +ence orl SxisWgy Fbi ncw t"cq]. +o bc ) pate t kacy posfJ ~~ p~ new posp tframrod + CF min. dto pro dc desqmtcd gate waiki 'I 'I Ex i Fence is'- o" Exist P'cncc ( hlcvV &a,+c)

Nab.s: Bitte fo bc arched W Ance poppy wH'h . 4ouble sbasd t oops crF «4 ice'ale. 5+el bhaga ~ Fasten loops ML I"-¹'f Sa &la. Fence SWplcs. Fence posts shalt bc dug- noh driven ~ All rnatcnaf r<'d- +o co~bvct rcn sva&lc a jc shall bc ef'now quclHv- mgar4lcss M ongihen of'xishny Pence,i. EXHIBITC

VEGETATION MANAGEMENT

SPECIFICATIONS FOR

INSTALLINGVEGETATION ON OR ADJACENT TO ELECTRIC LINE RIGHT-OF-WAY

AND FOR GENERAL LANDSCAPING

Pennsylvania Power fk Light Company INDEX ~Pa e I. SCOPE 6 II. INTENT 6 Ill. DEFINITIONS 6 IV. DESCRIPTION OF WORK 7

V. SAMPLES, ANALYSES AND TESTS 8 VI. MATERIALS 8 A. PLANT MATERIALS 8 1. General 8 2. Quality 9 a. Spe cimens 9 b. Heavy 9 c. Matched or Pairs 9 d. Clumps 10 e. Multiple Stem 10 f. Trees ]0 g. Shrubs 10 I ledges 10 ~ i. Ground Covers 11 j. Vines 11 k. Espaliered Plants 11 3. Preparation of Plant Materials 11 a. Balled Plants ll b. Balled and Platformed Plants 11 c. Bare Root Plants 11 d. Salvaged Plants 12

4. Plant Measurements 12 a. Trees 12 b. Shrubs 12 c. Ground Covers and Vines 12 5. Substitutions 13 6. Initial Inspection of Plant Materials 13 B. GENERAL MATERIALS 13 1. Topsoil 13 2. Sand 14 3. Peat Moss 14 4. Peat Humus 14 5. Manure 14 6. Commercial Fertilizer 14 7, Lime 15

35 Sheets, No. 2 of LA~ 7<)828-i INDEX (Cont'd. ) ~Pa e B. GENERAL MATERIALS(Cont'd. ) 8., Mulches 15 a. Peat Mulch 16 b. Bark or Root Mulch 16 c. Wood Chip Mulch 16 d. Gravel Mulch 16 e. Wood Cellulose Fibre Mulch 18 9. Water 16 " 10, Wrapping Material 17 11. Twine 17 12, Friction Guards 17 13. Stakes 17

14 ~ Guy Wires 17 15. Commercial Wood Dressing 17 16, Weed Controls 17 17. Disease & Pest Controls 17 VII. PLANTING METHODS 18 A. GENERAL 18 B. PLANTING SEASONS 19 1. Deciduous Plants 19 2. Evergreen Plants 19 3. Grass and Crown Vetch Seed 19 C. LOCATION 19

D. CARE OF EXISTING PLANTINGS 19 . E. EXCAVATION 20 F. SIZE & DIRECTIVES FOR PLANTING PITS, 20 BEDS AND GROUND COVER AREAS 1. Trees 20 2. Shrubs 20 3. Ground Cover Plants 21 G. SOIL PREPARATION 21

1 ~ Planting Mixture 21 H. PLANT MATERIALLABELS 21 I. PLANT PROTECTION 21 1. Balled and Burlapped Plants 21 2. Bare-root Plants 21 3. Container -grown Plants 21

35 Sheets, No. 3 of LA-79828-1 INDEX (Cont'd. ) ~Pa e

J. SETTING PLANTS 22

K. STAKING, GUYING & WRAPPING OF TREES 22 1. Setting 23 2. Staking 23 3. Guying 23 4. Friction Guards 23 5. Guy Wires 23 6. Wrapping 23

L. FERTILIZINGPLANTS 24 M. MULCHING 24 N. WATERING PLANTS 25 O. PRUNING 25 1. Pruning Existing Plants 25 P. SOWING OF GRASS SEED 26

1 ~ Preparation of Subgrade 26 2. Placing 6I Spreading of Topsoil 26 3. Final Preparation of Topsoil 26 4. Application of Limestone 27 8. Application of Fertilizer 27 6, Sowing of Seed 27 7. Grass Seed 28 a. Mix "A" -- For Fine Lawns 28 b. Mix "B" -- For Coarse Lawns 28 8. Mulching 28 a, Straw or Hay Mulch 28 b. Wood Cellulose Fibre Mulch

35 Sheets, No. 4 of LA-79828-1 INDEX (Cont'd. ) ~Pa e Q. SOWING OF CROWN VETCH SEED 29 1. Soil Preparation 29 a. Crown Vetch Area 29 2. Crown Vetch Seeds, Other Seeds and 29 Soil Supplements a. General 29 b. Seed Proportions 29 c. Inoculant 30 d. Method of Application 30 3. Mulching 30

VIII. CLEAN-UP 31

IX INITIALMAINTENANCE, GUARANTEE 5. REPLACEMENTS 31 A. INITIAI MAINTENANCE 31 1. General 31 2. Grass 31 3, New Plantings 32 4, Spraying 32 5. Weeding 32 Responsibility for Maintenance 33

B. GUARANTEE 33 C. REPLACEMENTS 33 1. Retainage 34 3f. INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE 34 A. GENERAL '34 B. PRELIMINARYINSPECTION 34 C. PRELIMINARYACCEPTANCE 35 D. FINALINSPECTION & ACCEPTANCE AT END 35 OF GUARANTEE PERIOD

35 Sheets, No. 5 of LA-79828-1 SPECIFICATIONS FOR INSTALLINGVEGETATION ON OR ADJACENT TO FLECTRIC LINE RIGHT OF WAYAND FOR GENERAL LANDSCAPING

I. SCOPE

This Specification covers the initial installation of trees, shrubs, ground cover or other designated vegetation on (I) electric line right of way or adjacent to electric line right of way, (2) on Company owned land adjacent

to generating plants. substations ~ switchyards, pole yards, office buildings, service centers, crew quarters and other types of facilities. H. INTENT The intent of this Specification is to:

A. Specify the responsibilities of Contractors and describe the general procedures that shall be followed by Contractors in accomplishing all work within the scope of these Specifications.

B. Assure the quality of plant and other materials to be furnished for this work and their most advantageous installation to minimize future replacement and maintenance.

III. DEFINITIONS

A. Company: Pennsylvania Power & Light Company or its authorized representative.

B. Contractor: Landscape Contractor or Nursery approved by Company to furnish and install plant materials.

C. Plant List: List of plant materials to be furnished and planted by Contractor.

D. Plant Materials: Alltrees, shrubs, vines, grass, sod and ground cover listed in the Plant Lists on the Drawings, or in these Specifications, required to complete the plantings shown on the Drawings. E. Cal.: Caliper measurement of tree trunk. F. Ht.: Height of plant.

G. Spd.: Spread of plant.

H. B8aB. Balled and burlapped plants.

35 Sheets, No. 6 of LA-79828-1 I. BOP.: Balled, burlapped and platformed plants.

J. B. R.: 'are root plants. K. Site: Area designated on Drawings within which planting is to be performed. L. Finished Grade: Proposed final grade.

M. Drawing: Landscape Plan attached to and made part of Landscape Contract.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF WORK A. Contractor'hall furnish all labor, materials, trucking and supervision necessary for, and incidental to, the installation of plant materials called for on the accompanying Drawings and in accordance with this Specification.

B. Contractor shall not begin his operations until he is notified to proceed by Company. Where plantings are to be installed on land not owned by Company in fee, Company willobtain written permission from the property owners involved, including access privQeges, prior to any activity included in the scope of Contract. Copies of all permits willbe furnished to the Contractor by the Company and shall be kept at the site of activity when planting operations are undertaken.

C. Work shall be subject to the General Terms and Conditions of .the Contract and shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following:

1. Submitting samples and analyses for Company approval, if requested.

2. Preparation of the soil for planting.

3. Furnishing all plant materials shown on Drawings, planting, and all necessary planting operations, including the furnishing of water when not available on site, watering, staking, guying, wrapping, fertilizing, spraying, mulching, weeding, pruning and protection of roots.

4. Furnishing sod, grass seed, specified ground cover, top soil and performing all operations necessary to establish ground cover when specified in areas designated on drawings.

5. Cleaning the site.

35 Sheets, No. 7 of LA-79828-1 6. Guarantee and renewal of plants.

7. Maintenance of plantings for period of time designated in these Specifications.

V. SAMPLES ANALYSES AND TESTS A. When requested by Company, Contractor shall submit, at his expense, certified analyses by a recognized laboratory of top soil, peat moss, fertilizer, insecticides, fungicides, chemical weed killers, etc. to the Co»>i»<>npiying with this Specification's requirements will be acceptable.

B. Analyses and tests of materials. shall be in accord with tl>e current methods of the Association of OfficialAgricultural Chemists.

C. Specifications shall accompany all materials to be analyzed a>«i tested so ihat comparisons a»d recommendations by the laboratory ran l>c made. Should changes t>e necessary,'he laborato>y's recomme»dations sl>»>i be forwarded to the Company.

'D. Approval of materials shall not be construed as final accepts»c<>. C<»np:>ny reserves the right to analyze, for con>parison with this Spccifi<:etio»'>< > equirements, any or all materials delivered for usc under this Co»tra<>t. Should those tests indicate non-compliance witl> tl>cse Specificati<>ns, tl>c C<>mpany will cl>arge the entire cost of such tests to the Contractor and aii rejected material shall be removed f>om the site and replaced with acceptable >naterial at the Contractor's expense. v I MA'i''.ltIALS A. PLANT MATERIALS

1. General

The species, scientific. and common names, sizes, quantity and manner in which plant material is to be furnished by Contractor will be listed on the Drawings accompanying this Specification, and as herein noted. Allplant materials shall conform to the Plant List and these Specifications and shall be true to the botanical names and standards established by tl>e American Association of Nurserymen, Inc. All plants shall have been grown in accordance with good horticultural practice and under climatic conditions similar to those existing at the Site area for at least two (2) years prior to date of planting under this Contract,

86 Sheets, No. 8 of LA-79828-1 Collected stock from native stands or established plantings shall be planted only if so designated in the Plant List and approved in writing by Company. Collected stock shall meet the requirements of the American Association of Nurserymen and these Specifications

. Each bidder shall investigate sources of supply and shall be certain, before submitting his quotation, that he can supply aQ plant materials named in the Plant List in the size, variety, quality and quantity required. Failure to take this precaution shall not relieve the successful Bidder from the responsibility of furnishing all plant materials in strict conformity with Contract requirements, at no added expense to Company.

~ 2. Qua~lit Allplant materials, other than those designated 'Collected" or "Salvaged", shall have been nursery-grown, freshly dug and with heavy, fibrous root systems. Allplants shall be legibly tagged with the proper name and shall have a habit of growth normal for the species or variety. Allplanta furnished shall have healthy, well formed upper growth and be properly proportioned and densely foliated when in leaf.

Allplants shall be in sound, healthy and vigorous condition, free from objectionable parasites, insects, their eggs or larvae, scale, plant disease and injuries. Plants lacking compactness or proper proportions, partially dried out plants or those injured or poorly shaped by too close planting in the nursery willnot be acce'pted. Plants to be installed where uniformity is required shall be matched as closely as possible.

a. ~Seetmens - Allplant matestal noted as "Spenlmens" on the Plant List shall be inspected by a Company representative at its place of growth. Specimen trees or shrubs shall be of extra heavy grade and willbe selected for shape, proportion, symmetry (tf applicable), arrangement of trunks or branches and character and effect, in general, for a particular grouping or location.

b. Heaver - Plants designated as "Heavy" in the Plant List shall be markedly more sturdy, vigorous, compact and branched than those species grown in the usual nursery rows. c. Matched or Pairs - Plants used in pairs, wherever symmetry is required, shall be matched in all respects as nearly as possible and shall meet with the approval of the Company upon inspection at their place of growth.

~8 Sheets, No. 9 of LA-79828-1 d. ~Ctum s - Plants with three, five or more stems or tmnks. with individual root systems grown as a unit. from one root system. This term willbe associated primarily with shrubs and broad-leaved evergreens.

f. Trees - When requested by Company, all trees shall be inspected by a Company representative at their place of growth for conformity to specific requirements. Trees shall be selected for shape, proportion, symmetry, branching habit, character and effect, in general, for a particular grouping and/or location. Unless a tree clump is designated, the trunk of each tree shall consist of a single trunk growing from a single, unmutilated crown of roots. Trees shall not be damaged or cut and shall'e free from sun-scald, frost cracks, dead wood, or wounds resulting from abrasion, fire or other cause. Trees shall have straight trunks with leaders intact. Trees which have had their leaders cut, except where so designated on Planting Plan, or so damaged that cutting is necessary shall not be accepted. Allold abrasions and cuts shall be completely calloused over. Pruning wounds shall not exceed one (1) inch in diameter and such wounds shall show vigorous bark on all edges.

1, Deciduous trees shall be free of branches to a point approximately sixty (60) per cent of their height unless other- wise indicated on the drawings. Height of branching shall be in relationship to the size and kind of tree, with the tree crown in good balance with the trunk.

2. Evergreen trees shall be full, bushy, compact, symmetrical plants of uniform color and texture. Side branches shall have thick, closely massed foliage to the ground.

g. Shrubs - Allshrubs shall be full, bushy, compact, symmetri<.al plants of uniform color and texture displaying active growth on all paj ts. Side branches shall have thick, closely massed foliage to the ground.

h. ~Hed es - Att hedges shall be eotnprtsed of full. buehy, compact plants of uniform color, texture and quality, with thick, closely massed foliage to the ground. Plants in hedge rows shall be uniform in all respects, with individual plants equally spaced to form a continuous unbroken line.

35 Sheets, No. 10 of LA-79828-1 i. Ground Covers - Allplant materiais specified as ground cover shall be number one (1) grade plants. Tops shall be heavy and well-branched and root systems vigorous and well-developed. When specified as container grown, ground cover plants shall have been established in containers for a minimum of one (1) growing season and shall exhibit a well rooted condition at the time of planting.

j. Vines - Allvines shall be number one (1) grade plants with heavy, well branched tops and vigorous well-developed root systems in proportion to the tops. Allvines shall be attached by an approved method to nearest vertical surface when indicated on the Drawings.

k. ~Es >altered Plants - Espallered plants shall have the tratntng frame removed at the time of planting. Braiiches shall be fastened to vertical surface by an approved method.

a. Balled Plants - Plants desigriated "B&B"in the Plant List shall be moved as solid units with firm, natural balls of soil securely wrapped with burlap and bound with twine, cord or wire mesh. If necessary, ball shall be secured to a platform to prevent cracking or breaking during the process of transportation and planting. The diameter and depth of the ball of soil must bee'ufficient to encompass the fibrous and feeding-root system necessary for the healthy development of the plant as set forth in the American Association of Nurserymen Standards. A plant shall not be accepted when the bal) of earth surrounding its roots has been badly cracked or broken preparatory to, or during the process of planting, or after the burlap, staves, ropes or platforms required in connection with its transplanting have been removed. The plant and its ball of soil shall remain, intact as a unit during all operations.

b. Balled and Platformed Plants - Plants designated "B&P" in the Plant List shall be balled, burlapped and platformed. The plat- form shall be of sufficient size to cover the ball and shall be of such quality as to insure successful transportation of the plant to its destination on the planting site.

c. Bare Root Plants - Plants designated "B.R." in the Plant Liat shall be moved when dormant, and surrounding earth shall be removed without injury to the root system. Such planta shall have heavy, fibrous root systems, developed by proper cultural treatment.

35 Sheets, No. 11 of LA-79828-1 transplanting, root pruning, and other requirements necessary for healthy development of the plant. The major portion of a fibrous root system and of all main roots necessary for healthy development of each plant shall be preserved. Immediately after digging, all roots shall be covered with a thick coating of mud by puddling or wrapping in wet straw, moss or other suitable packing material to prevent drying out. The spread of roots of bare root collected planta shall be one-third (1/3) greater than that of nursery-grown plants.

designated as "Salvaged" in the Plant Liat, they shall be carefully dug and replanted. Such plants shall be dug, stored and planted to meet, so far as practical, all requirements for nursery plants as to size and quality, excavation of planting areas, planting, pruning, wrapping, guying, care of plants and planting, except that the Contractor willnot be required to make replacements.

4. Plant Measurements - Allplant materials shall conform to the measurements specified in the Plant List, which are. the minimum size acceptable for each variety. Plants shall be measured before pruning, with branches in normal position. Plant materials speci- fied to be furnished in a size range shall be a fair average of the minimum and maximum sizes specified. Plants larger in size than specified may be used with the approval of the Company, but such use shall make no change in the Contract Price. Pruning of branches to obtain the required height or spread willnotbe allowed.

a. Trees - The height of trees shall be measured from the crown of roots to the tip of the top branch. Caliper measurement shall be taken six (6) inches above finished grade for trees four inches or less in diameter and twelve (12) inches above finished grade for trees greater than four inches in diameter.

b. Shrubs - The height and spread measurements of shrubs shall be the average of the main body of the plant and not from the greatest dimension(s).

c. Ground Covers and Vines - Measurements for ground cover, plants and vines shall equal or exceed American Association of Nurserymen standards in all ways according to age, grade, size of pot or clump, length and number of runners, and any other char- acteristics peculiar to a particular species.

36 Sheets, No. 12 of LA-79828-1 5. Substitutions - Acceptance of this Contract carries with tt the assumption that the Contractor is able to supply all plant materials indicated in the Plant List, on the Drawings or as otherwise specified. Substitutions willnot be permitted except at the specific request of the Company or when proof is submitted that a particular plant material is not obtainable after all sources of supply have bcc« investigated. Ifthe Contractor is not able to supply specific plant materials or sizes according to these Specifications, a proposal willbe considered for use of the nearest equivalent size or variety, with an equitable adjustment of Contract price. Substitutions shall be approved in writing by the Company. When sources for plant materials are located by the Company, there shall be no substitu- tions, ahd those sources shall be used.

6. Initial Ins ection of Plant Materials - Within thirty (30) days following acceptance of the bid, the Company shall be notified of the source(s) of plant materials. If requested by Company, plant materials shall be inspected, selected and tagged for identification by a Company representative, with the Contractor or his representa- tive present, prior to digging and/or moving. Inspection of plant materials by Company's representative willbe for quality, size, shape, color, and variety only. Inspection for size of ball or root systems, latent defects, and other requirements that may be specified shall be made at the Site during progress of work, when required. No plant shall be dug up or delivered to the Site until the initial inspections under the Company representative's direction, have been made and approved, when requested. Plant materials shall be subject to refusal ht any time, and inspection and approval of plant materials at the place of growth shall not in any way waive the Company's right of rejection.

B. GENERAL MATERIALS- Materials required to complete the plantings indicated on the Drawings shall conform to the require- ments of these Specifications. Substitutions shall not be permitted except at the specific request, and upon written approval of the Company.

i. T~osotl - Topsoil shall be fertile. friable, natural loam, porous enough in texture to provide good drainage and adequate aeration, yet spongy enough to retain adequate moisture. It shall contain a )iberal amount of humus and all mineral elements necessary for sustaining healthy plant growth. It shall be relatively free of any admixture of subsoil, stones, gravel, stumps, roots, weeds, seeds, lumps, clods of hard earth, plants, sticks, debris, refuse, or any other deleterious materials. It shall be clean, of uniform quality and texture, and shall not contain any toxic substances harmful to plant life.

3~ Sheets, No.13 of LA-79828-1 2. Sand - Sand shall be a clean silicious material, of uniform quality and texture, and free from extraneous matter. It shall not contain any substances harmful to plant life. Sand shall be coarse and ungraded except for removal of very fine particles.

3. Peat Moss - Peat moss shall be a domestic product consisting of partially decomposed vegetable matter of a natural occurrence of either reed or sedge peat, dark brown to black in color, and free of lumps, roots, stones, decomposed colloidal residue, wood, sulphur, iron, fungi, insect life, diseases, and any toxic substances harmful to plant growth, with an ash content not exceeding ten (10) per cent. It shall be finely shredded or granulated material, suitable been conditioned for horticultural uses, and shall have after excava-'ion by storage in stockpiles for at least one (1) year prior to its use. Its texture may vary from porous - fibrous to spongy - fibrous, and either crumbly or compact, but reasonably elastic, with particles not exceeding one-half (1/2) inch in size. Its acidity range shall be

pH 5 ~ 0 to pH 7 ~ 0.

4. Peat Humus - Peat humus shall be a domestic product consisting of completely decomposed vegetable matter of natural occurrence. It shall be dark brown to black in color, clean, low in content of minerals and woody material, mildly acid, and granulated or shredded.

g. Manure - Manure shall be well-rotted, unleaehed stable manure, not lese than eight (2) months and not more than two (2) years old. It shall be free from seeds, weeds, sawdust, shavings, or refuse of any kind, and shall not contain over twenty-five (25) percent straw. When requested, Contractor shall furnish information as to the kind of disinfectant or chemicals, if any, that may have been used in storage of, or otherwise in connection with, the manure.

A composition of peat moss or peat humus, to which has been incorporated dehydrated manure such as "Bovung" in the proportion of three hundred (300) pounds of dehydrated manure per one thousand (1000) cubic feet of peat, may be substituted for manure as specified above.

6. Commercial Fertilizer - Commercial fertilizer shall be a complete fertilizer and a standard product complying with Federal and State fertilizer laws. It shall be uniform in composition, dry, free flowing, and shall have been stored in a weatherproof place in such a manner that its effectiveness is not impaired. Fertilizer which becomes caked or otherwise damaged, making it unsuitable for use, willnot be accepted. Commercial fertilizer shall be delivered to the Site in

35 Sheets, No, 14 of LA-79828-1 original, unopened containers showing weight, analyses and name of manufacturer.

Concentrated fertilizer tablets, such as "Agriform"plant tablets; controlled nitrogen release pellets such as "Osmocote" or equivalent; or liquid fertilizers may be used for tree and shrub planting and maintenance. This material shall be used in strict accordance with manufacturer's directions.

The Contractor shall submit to the Company the manufacturer's guarantee statement of analysis or a manufacturer's certificate of compliance covering analysis.

Commerical fertilizers shall be applied to specific plant materials in the following proportions, unless otherwise indicated in the Specifications: ~Nitro eo Pathosheros Potash Evergreen Trees & Shrubs 10 Deciduous Trees & Shrubs 10 Ground Covers & Vines 10(50% or-'anic)

New Lawns & Sod 10 (ditto) 6 II Established Lawns 10 6 Existing Plant Materials 10 6 Crown Vetch Seeding 10 20 20 Crown Vetch Planting 0 20 20

'I. Lime - Lime shall be an approved dolomitic agricultural ground limestone (calcium carbonate) and shall contain not less than eighty- five (85) per cent of total carbonates, (total carbonates shall be considered as calcium carbonate). Limestone shall meet the following gradation requirements: at least fifty(50) per cent will pass through a two hundred (200) mesh sieve, ninety (90) per cent willpass through a one hundred (100) mesh sieve, one hundred (100) per cent willpass through a ten (10) mesh sieve. It shall have been stored in a weatherproof place, in such a manner that its effective- ness is not impaired. If requested, ground limestone shall be delivered to the Site in original, unopened containers bearing the manufacturer's guaranteed statement of analysis.

8. Mulches - Mulches shall be suitable for horticultural uses and shall be free from insects, scale, diseases, fungi, seeds, soils, admixtures, refuse, sticks and other deleterious materials, and shall be of such character as not to be displaced by wind. They

35 Sheets; No. 15 of LA-79828-1 shall be clean, of uniform quality and texture, and shall not contain any toxic substances harmful to soils and plant materials. Mulches shall have been stored in such a manner that their effectiveness is not impaired. Those which become caked or otherwise damaged, making them unsuitable for use, willnot be accepted.

The following mulch materials shall be used in the quantities required, where indicated on the Drawings:

a. Peat Mulch - Peat mulch shall be a coarse type material of uniform granulation.

b. Bark or Root Mulch - Bark or root mulch shall be a selected standard product scientifically processed for horticultural uses, contaiuir g one hundred 000) per cent organic material. c. Wood Chi Mulch - Wood chip mulch shall be aged for a minimum of one year prior to use. It shall be a homogeneous mixtur'e and free from deleterious materials.

d. Gravel Mulch - Gravel shall consist of clean, "sound, durable, hard stones, free from dirt, foreign and organic matter, ,coating and other deleterious matter, thoroughlywashed, of uniform quality and texture of the sixes specified on the drawings.

e. Wood Cellulose Fibre Mulch - Wood cellulose fibre mulch shall be such as Turfibre', "Silvafibre", "Conweb" or "Superior Mulch".

9. Water - Water for all planting purposes shall be free of oil, acid, alkalis, salts and other substances harmful to plant life. The Contractor shall, at his expense, make arrangements necessary to ensure an adequate supply of water to meet the needs of this Contract. He shall furnish all necessary hose, equipment, attachments and accessories for the adequate irrigation of all planting and landscaping areas as shall be required to complete the work specified.

35 Sheets, No. 16 of LA-79828-1 10. Wra in Material - Wrapping material for tree trunks shall consist of a standard manufactured tree wrapping crepe paper, four to six inches wide.

11. Twine - Twine for tying wrapping material shall be sisal or jute.

12. Friction Guards - Friction guards for preventing damage to . bark from supporting wires shall be a minimum of two (2) ply reinforced fabric-bearing rubber or plastic tubing, not less than one-half (1/2) inch in diameter, or equal approved by Company. With the vertical staking method, a plastic tie such as uAdj-a-tye", or equal, may be used.

13., Stakes - Stakes for supporting trees shall be of sound oak or Douglas fir, capable of standing in the ground for at least two (2) years. 2" x 2", 2" x 3" or 2" x 4" lumber shall be used as specified.

14. ~Gu Wires - Guy wires for supporting frees shall be a minimum of eleven (11) gauge pliable galvanized steel or aluminum wire.

15. Commercial Wound Dressi Commercial tree wound dressing shall be an effective wound dressing of asphaltum paint, suitable for horticultural uses. Paint shall be a waterproof, adhesive and elastic antiseptic free of kerosene, coal tar, creosote and any other chemical harmful to plant tissues, and of such quality as to protect wood against insects, fungus, and rotting. It shall be approved by the Company and delivered to the Site in ortginaI, unopened containers bearing the manufacturer's name and guarantee statement of analysis.

16. Weed Controls - Chemical weed controls shall be used to kill undesirable weeds and/or objectionable plants. Chemicals shall be of recent manufacture and shall have been stored in such a manner that effectiveness is not impaired.

Use o! chemical weed killers is subject to the approval of the Company and shall be in accordance with all current rules and regulations of the various responsible Federal and State agencies.

17. Disease and Pest Controls - Chemicals used to control diseases and insects shall be effective, but shall not damage plant materials or have any illeffects upon soils. Toxic poisonous chemicals whfch may present health hazards to humans and animals shall not be used.

35 Sheets, No. 17 of LA-79828-1 Chemicals shall not be flammable, shall not burn foliage and roots, and shall not volatilize and form vapors which may cause damage. Allchemicals shall be stored in such a manner that their effective- ness is not impaired and shall spread uniformly and adhere well to foliage, when applied.

Contact or stomach poisons shall be used for insect control. A mixture containing a fungicide, a miticide, and control for both sucking and chewing insects shall be used only ifingredients are compatible. Chemicals shall be used with discretion so as not to harm plant materials or become ineffective during the period required. Disease and peat controls shall be delivered to the Site in sealed containers bearing the manufacturer's guarantee statement attesting to mixtures and percentages of each chemical.

Use of disease and pest control chemicals is subject to the approval of the Company and shall be in accordance with all current rules and regulations of the various responsible Federal and State agencies.

VII~ PLANTING METHODS A. GENERAL

Allplanting shall be performed by personnel familiar with planting procedures, under the supervision of a qualified planting foreman, and in accordance with the Drawings and these Specifications. Rollers, bulldozers, trucks or any other heavy equipment shall be operated so as not to damage underground utilities, drain pipes, electric conduits or cables, etc. Alltrench or grade stakes set by others shall be maintained until their remova'. is approved by the Company. The furnishing and planting of any plant materials shall be interpreted to 'ncludet excavating, the digging of holes, provision of topsoil mixture, sand, mulch, fertilizer and lime, furnishing at the proper time of year a plant of the specified size with its roots in the specified manner, the labor of planting, seeding, mulching, guying or staking, pruning, wrapping, watering, spraying, maintaining, replacing, guaranteeing and all other necessary incidental work in accordance with the Plans and Specifications to the satisfaction of the Company. Allplants shall be inspected and approved at the planting Site(s) by the Company's representative before excavation and planting, as deemed necessary by Company. Rejected material shall be immediately removed from the Site(s) and replaced with acceptable material at no additional cost to the Company. Existing topsoil shall be used only ifapproved by the Company.

35 Sheets, No. 18 of LA-79828-1 B, PLANTING SEASONS Planting shall progress only under favorable weather conditions, during the proper season for such work, and in accordance with local accepted practice. Planting shall not be permitted when grour d is frozen or extremely moist. At the option of, and on responsibility of the Contractor, planting may start earlier or continue later than specified without additional compensation, subject to approval of the Company regarding time of work and methods of operation.

1. Deciduous Plants shall be planted only when dormant; before leaves appear in the Spring or subsequent to their loss in the Fall, unless otherwise specified by Company.

2. Ever reen Plants shall be planted in the Spring, until the time when new growth begins to take place, or from August through December.

3. Grass and Crown Vetch Seed - Grass seed shall be sown from August 15th to October 15th or in Spring between April 1st to June 1st. Allgrass. seeding shall be done in dry or moderately dry soil, and when wind does not exceed a velocity of five (5) miles per hour. Crown vetch seed shall be sown frbm late winter to May 15, or from August 15 to October 15.

C. LOCATION

Trees, shrubs and vines willbe shown on the Planting Plans with an identifying symbol marking the position of each plant. The nuMber of ground cover plants in each planting bed also willbe indicated, with spacing to be adjusted at the site. Locations for all plant materials and outlines for planting areas shall be staked or marked on the ground, and shall be approved by a Company representative before excavation and planting is started. Adjustments in locations and outlines shall be made as directed by the Company's representative without addi- tional charge.

D. CARE OF EXISTING PLANTINGS Existing trees, shrubs, planting beds, grass areas, pavements and curbs in areas near planting site(s) shall be adequately protected during construction operations. Any necessary grading or digging around existing plants shall be done carefully to prevent damage to roots, Barricades and other devices used to protect existing plantings shall be removed only after all construction is completed. Any

35 Sheets, No. 19 of LA-79828-1 necessary grading or digging around existing plants shall be done carefully to prevent damage to roots. Barricades and other devices used to protect existing planting shall be removed only after all construction is completed. Any damage caused by planting operations to existing materials or improvements on or adjacent to the Site shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be promptly repaired at the direction of the Company's representative, at the Contractor's expense. E. EXCAVATION Excavation for planting shall extend to required subgrades ir. all planting areas, but shall in no case be less than specified hereinafter.

1. Where indicated on Drawing(s) that existing soil material is unsuitable, it shall be removed to such depth as noted on Drawing(s) and replaced with an approved v>psoQ material.

2. Excavation material and unacceptable topsoil and subsoils shall be removed from the Site or otherwise disposed of as directed by the Company's representative. F. SIZE AND DIRECTIVES FOR PLANTING PITS, BEDS AND GROUND COVER AREAS Planting pits, beds and ground cover areas shall be excavated with vertical sides and flat bottoms to the shapes, areas and depths shown on the Drawings or as specified, backfilled with planting mixture, and compacted in the area directly beneath the plant.

Proper drainage is required and subsoil conditions retaining water in planting pits shall be corrected as directed by the Company's representative as a cost-plus additive to landscaping contract. Plant- ing pits, beds and ground cover areas shall have all large stones, wood, brick and foreign matter removed before backfilling.

1. Trees - For B8cB stock, pits shall provide for placing at least six (6) inches of planting mixture around the root balls. For B. R. stock, tree pits shall be dug to a sufficient depth and diameter to accommodate the tree roots without crowding. Before soil mix is added, base of pits should be scarified a minimum of two (2) inches.

2. Shrubs - For BIB stock, pits shall provide for placing six (6) inches of planting mixture around the root balls. Shrub pits for B. R. stock shall be dug to a sufficient depth and diameter to accommodate the shrub roots without crowding. Before soil mix is added, base of pits shall be scarified a minimum of two (2) inches.

35 Sheets, No. 20 of LA-79828-1 3. Ground Cover Plants - Ground cover beds and areas (except those to be planted with crown vetch) shall have a depth of twelve (12) inches of lightly compacted topsoil mixture thoroughly rotovated at least two times, incorporating one-third (1/3) peat moss to the total mix.

G. SOIL PREPARATION Topsoil shall be furnished and prepared by the following methods unless otherwise specified.

1, Plantin Mixture - Materials shall be supplied and thoroughly mixed in the proportions or amounts specified herein. In no case shall mixing be undertaken if materials are wet, frozen or in other- wise unsatisfactory condition. Topsoil mixture for all planting shall consist of 60% topsoil and 40% peat or peat moss, by volume. H. PLANT MATERIALLABELS Plant material labels shall be durable and legible, stating in weather-,resistant ink the correct plant name and size. They shall be securely attached to all plants, bundles, and/or containers of plant materials delivered to the Site(s), for the purpose of inspection and plant identification. Labels shall be eliminated only with written approval of the Company. I, PLANT PROTECTION Allplant roots and earth balls shall be kept in a moist condition and shall be thoroughly protected at all times from sun and drying winds. Plant materials shall be proinptly planted upon arrival to the Site(s), and if storage is necessary, the following procedure shall be followed at once:

1. Balled and Burla ed Plants - Earth balls of balled and burlapped plants shall be stored in a sheltered location and covered with moist soil or mulch. Plants shall be watered and maintained as necessary until planting.

2. Bare-Root Plants - Bare-root plants shall be heeled-in immediately in a sheltered location, all bundles opened, the plants spread out into a forty-five (45) degree angle trench, and the roots fully covered with damp material. Heeled-in stock shall be watered periodically as required so as to remain moist at all times. Care shall be taken not to wash soil away from the roots.

3. Container-Grown Plants - Container-grown plants shall be stored, watered and maintained as necessary until planting.

35 Sheets, No. 21 of LA-79828-1 J. SETTING PLANTS Plantings shall be to such a depth that the finish grade level of the plant, after settlement, shall be the same at which the plant previously grew. Plant materials shall be spaced as indicated on the Drawings or as may be directed by the Company's representativ . Plants shall be planted upright, plumb and faced to give the best appearance in relation to the direction from which they willbe viewed. Group plantings in beds shall have a uniform spacing.

Roots of bare-rooted plants shall not be matted together, but arranged in their natural position with topsoil worked in among them. Allbroken or frayed roots shall be cut off cleanly. Planting mixture shall be placed and compacted caret'ully to avoid in'jury to plants. When plant pits have been backfilled approximately two-thirds (2/3) of their depth, they shall be watered thoroughly and allowed to settle before installing remainder of soil to top of pit. Planting mixture shall be puddled around and under the edges of plants and all voids filled. When backfilling is partially done by use of mechanical means, extra care shall be taken to ascertain that soil is worked under the ball and around the roots. During all planting operations, the prepared planting mixture shall be used in a loose, friable and unfrozen condition. Allpits shall be filled to the finish grade level at which the plant previously grew and, to facilitate watering, a shallow saucer shall be formed around each tree or shrub by placing a ridge of the planting mixture around the edge of each pit. The saucer shall have a diameter equal to the hole dug for the plant, and, for trees, a depth of six (6) inches; for shrubs and vines, four (4) inches. Saucers may be eliminated where massed planting is involved in bed areas. After the soil has settled, additional soil or mulch shall be used to maintain the adjacent finished grade. Any tree,'hrub or plant bed settling more than three (3) inches below established grade shall be raised to the proper level and not merely filled in with additional planting mixture.

K. STAKING GUYING AND WRAPPING OF TREES Allstaking, guying, anchoring and wzrapping shall be done immedi- ately after planting, in accordance with the Specifications. Stakes shall be driven firmlyinto the ground and fastened to the tree as previously specified. Attachments shall be of sufficient length to prevent injury to the tree. Allplants shall stand plumb after guying and staking, and any stake or wire that becomes displaced or broken before final acceptance of the work shall promptly be reset or replaced.

35 Sheets, No. 22 of LA-79828-1 l. ~Setttn - Trees shall be set plumb and rigidly braced tn position until soil has been compacted around the earth ball.

2. ~gtaktn - Staking shall be utilised in traffic areas as hereinafter specified. Stakes shall be equally spaced, uniform in height, and placed a minimum of one (1) foot from the trunk of tree, taking care to clear roots. Stakes for supporting trees shall be of sound wood, a full two (2) inches minimum square. Tension on all stakes and guy wires shall be kept equal and stakes set at a slight angle away from the tree. Tree-like shrubs and small trees generally shall be staked.

Trees up to 2-1 I2 inch caliper shall have two (2) stakes eight (8) feet long on opposite sides of the tree, set approximately eighteen (18) inches from the trunk (or more, so as not to penetrate the tree ball) and three (3) feet into the ground. Trees larger than 2-1/2 inch caliper shall be guyed only, as noted below, or as other- wise specified on drawings.

8. ~Gu C~n - Guy wires shall be used in non-traffic areas. Stakes shall be driven into the ground and equally spaced outside the planting pit in such manner that guy wires willnot interfere with lower tree limbs. Allguys shall have the same tension to provide proper align- ment. Trees under five (5) inch caliper shall have single strands of eleven (11) gauge aluminum or galvanized steel wire attached to three (3) 2" x 2" x 2'-6" long stakes. Trees five (5) inch caliper and above shall have two strands of eleven (11) gauge aluminum or galvanized steel wire, each attached to three (3) 2" x 4" x 3'-0" long stakes.

4. Briction Guards - Friction guards shall be placed around the tree trunk near the top of the supporting stakes to prevent damage to bark.

S. ~Gu Wires - Guying shall be as herein specified. Guying methods shall not be used in such manner as to interfere with site access, impede nearby traffic or cause an accident.

6. W~ra ~in - Promptly after planting, the trunks of all trees shall have the trunk and lower parts of the first limbs neatly. wrapped with tree paper. Wrapping shall start at the groundline and continue spirally to the height of the second branches, overlapping half of each spiral to form a double wrapping over the entire surface. Wrapping shall be taped in place or secured with twine, the latter being tied at intervals of no more than two (2) feet. Trees shaQ be inspected for injury to trunks, insect infestation and improper pruning, and treated accordingly before wrapping.

Sheets, No. 23 of LA-79828-1 L. FERTILIZING PLANTS Allplant materials shall be fertilized at the time of planting and again in the early Spring or late Fall. Deciduous and evergreen trees, and shrubs over 8'-0" high, shall be fertilized at the rate of one (1) pound of fertilizer per inch of trunk diameter measured one (1) foot above finish grade. Evergreen plants and deciduous shrubs shall be fertilized by broadcasting fertilizer around base of plants in the following proportions: one half (1/2) pound for plants 1'-0" to 3'-0" high; one (1) pound for plants 3'-0" to 5'-0" high; one and one half (1-1/2) pounds for plants 5'-0" to 8'-0" high.

Fertilizers shall be evenly distributed and thoroughly incorporated in the soil without danger of burning roots or foliage or causing any injury to plant materials. Fertilizer shall be applied at a uniform rate, thoroughly incorporated into the planting mix and watered at time backfilling operations are undertaken.

Liquid fertilizer, in correct proportion, may be utilized and applied by water spear method at base of each tree or shrub to provide equivalent fertilization as noted above for soluable fertilizer.

Foliar fertilization may be utilized as a supplementary feeding method, with approval of Company representative. In this case, fertilizer shall be "Ra-Pid-Gro", or equal, mixed and applied in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, or as otherwise directed by Company representative. M. MULCHING

Within two (2) days after planting, a mulch as designated on Drawing shall be evenly spread, entirely covering pits, beds and areas around each plant. The Contractor shall evenly rake and thoroughly water all mulched areas promptly after mulch has been applied. Unless otherwise indicated, mulches shall have a minimum depth of (2) inches after compaction for planting beds, tree and shrub pits. The acidity reaction upon soils of some mulches shall be corrected as soon as possible in order to furnish plant materials with the proper pH content at all times. The proper amount of nitrogen shall be applied to avoid a deficiency in soil during the period of decomposition when acid mulches are used. Ifapplication is necessary after mulching, it shall be applied on the surface of the mulch and well-watered in. Nitrogen shall be applied in such a manner as not to endanger or injure plant materials.

35Sheets, No. 24 of LA-79828-1 Mulch materials, such as peat, bark, root, wood chips or gravel, shall be used only as indicated on Drawings and in accordance with these Specifications. N. WATERING PLANTS

Plants shall be puddled with water twice within the first twenty-four (24) hours after planting. The water shall reach the level of maximum root depth. Thereafter water all plant materials slowly until the root area is thoroughly soaked as many times as seasonable conditions require during the guarantee period. O. PRUNING Pruning shall be done according to standard horticultural practices, using clean, sharp tools. Pruning shall be limited to the minimum necessary to remove dead wood, suckers, broken or injured twigs and branches, rubbing or crossing limbs and superfluous growth next to trees or shrubs, to admit sunlight and air circulation, and to compensate for loss of roots during transplanting. All cuts shall be made flush, leaving no stubs. When branches are cut back, cuts shall be made close to a bud. Central leaders, main limbs or trunks shall not be cut back, except by direction of Company representative. Pruning shall never exceed one-third (1/3) of the branching structure and shall be done in such manner as not to change the natural character or shape of the plant, unless otherwise directed by the Company's representative.

On all cuts over three-quarters (3/4) of an inch in diam@ter and in the case of bruises and scars, the injured cambium shall be traced to living tissues and removed, wounds shall be smoothed so as not to retain water, and the treated area(s) shall be promptly coated with an approved tree wound compound, all exposed living tissues being so covered.

1. Prunin Existin Plants - Existing trees and shrubs to be retained in place on the Site(s) shall be pruned and repaired as directed by the Company's representative. Unless otherwise directed, pruning shaQ be limited to the minimum necessary to remove injured or broken, diseased, dead, dangerous, or unsightly limbs, branches or twigs, and to compensate for loss of roots as a result of construc- tion operations. Pruning of old or oversized shrubs shall be accom- plished by cutting the heavy canes back to the ground so that new shoots may grow from the base of the plant. When a shrub consists entirely of old, heavy canes, only one-half (1/2) of the canes shall be removed. Pruning shall follow methods previously stated, except that pruning may be done before Iilantingoperations start, if approved

36 Sheets, No. 25 of LA-79828-1 by the Company's representative.

P. SOWING OF GRASS SEED Alllines and grades required for the proper performance of work willbe established by Company in the field, or as otherwise noted in request for bids. Commencement of work shall not begin without securing approval of the Company's representative. Prepara- tion of grass areas may begin before, and continue later than the dates specified, provided that subgrades have been established and approved, and that, in the judgment of the Company's representative, general construction on Site is sufficiently advanced to warrant commencement of work.

Apply grass seed as directed in all areas indicated on Drawings.

1. Pre aration of Sub rade - When topsoil is specified, subsoil willbe graded and uniformly compacted by Company to a true smooth slope four (4) inches below, and parallel to, the proposed finish grade for areas to be seeded or sodded. Subgrade shall be loosened by Planting Contractor to a depth of two (2) inches to four (4) inches, and all sticks, stones or other extraneous matter of two (2) inches or greater in any dimension removed. Subsoil shall be kept in a loosened condition until the topsoil is spread. Subgrade shall be inspected and approved by the Company's representative before placing of topsoil.

2. Placin and S readin of To soil - Topsoil shall be placed and spread, lightly compacted and otherwise manipulated over approved areas to a depth sufficiently greater than specified, so that, after natural settlement, the completed work shall conform to the lines, finish grades and elevations shown on the Drawings or to adjacent ground levels. Topsoil shall be spread by an approved method and shall not be in a frozen or muddy condition.

3. Final Pre aration of To soil - After topsoil has been spread, it shall be carefully prepared by scarifying, discing, harrowing or by other approved methods. Alllarge clods, lumps, brush, roots, stumps, sticks, stones, litter and other foreign material over two (3) inches in any dimension which may interfere with the formation o! a suitable seed bed shall be removed and disposed of by the Contractor.

The areas shall also be free of smaller stones in excessive quantities, as determined by the Company's representative. All accumulated debris and unacceptable soils shall be promptly removed from the Site or disposed of as directed by the Company's representative.

35 Sheets, No. 26 of LA-79828-1 4. A lication of Limestone - Prior to completion of topsoil preparation, and if recommended as a result of soil analysis, ground limestone shall be evenly distributed and thoroughly worked into the top four (4) inches of topsoil at a rate recommended by an approved soQ analysis laboratory after tests. Where a soQ analysis has not been requested, limestone shall be applied at the rate of 100 pounds per 1000 square feet.

5. A lication of Fertilizer - Commercial fertilizers shall be uniformly applied in all grass areas. FertQizer shall be applied prior to seeding or placement of sod with a 10-6-4 fertQizer (50$ organic) at the rate of twenty (20) pounds per one thousand (1, 000) square feet, or as recommended by the soil analysis laboratory, and worked lightly into the top two (2) inches of topsoil. Newly established grass areas shall be fertQized with a 10-6-4 fertilizer (50fo organic) at the rate of ten (10) pounds per one thousand (1, 000) square feet in the Spring or Fall period following time of initial sowing.

ground shall be scarified, raked and thoroughly broken up to a depth of four (4) inches. The ground surface shall then be re-shaped to the lines and grades indicated on the Drawings, or as directed by the Company's representative. Unstable and unsuitable material shall be removed. Ifother material is necessary in conjunction with.this operation, such material shall be added at this time so that the finished surface shall be smooth, friable and uniformly textured, free of soft spots and irregular- ities and true to finished grades.

Seeding shall be performed in dry or moderately dry soil, and at times when wind does not exceed a velocity of five (5) miles per hour. Seeding shall be done in two directions, at right angles, in such a manner that a uniform stand shall result. Seed shall be sown evenly by hand, with an approved mechanical seeder or by the hydroseeding method. When sown by hand or mechanical seeder, depth shall not exceed one-fourth (1/4) inch. Seed application shall be at the following rates: Mix "A" - Four (4) pounds per one thousand (1000) sq. ft. of area II Mix "B" "Six (6) II . II u II II Areas inaccessible to mechanical seeders shall be evenly and lightly raked with a fine wood-toothed rake or other approved method and rolled with a hand roller weighing not more than one hundred (100) pounds per foot of width. Necessary precautions shall be taken to keep the area undisturbed until grass is established. Where so desig- nated on Planting Plan, cultivated sod of an approved quality shall be utQized to establish an approved stand of grass.

35 Sheets, No. 27 of LA-79828-1 When the hydroseeding method is specified, correct proportions of fertilizer, lime, mulch and grass seed shall be mixed and applied in accordance with equipment manufacturer's instructions.

7. Grass Seed - Seed mixture shall be standard late crop seed, pre-mixed, and delivered in sealed 50 lb. bags showing weight, analysis, name, vendor and germination tests. Seed which has become wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged shall not be used. Formulation of grass seed mix shall be as follows: a. Mix "A" -- For Fine Lawns:

Species or % By Min. Min. Max. Weed Strain ~Wei ht ~Porit Germ. Content Kentucky Blue Grass 50% 80% 88% 0. 2'/o

Penn Lawn Fescue 40%%uo 90%%uo 85%%uo 0. 2%%uo

Annual Rye Grass 10% 98%%uo 90% 0. 2o/o

b. Mix "B" -- For Coarse Lawns:

Species or % By Min. Min, Max. Weed Strain ~Wei ht ~Par it Germ. Content Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue 60% 98% 85/o 0. 2% Chewings Red Fescue 20% 98% V5% 0. 2%

Annual Rye Grass 20% 98% 90%%uo 0. 2%

Seed mix may be altered to provide for better turf coverage to suit field conditions, with Company approval.

8. ~Molohin - After seeding, all areas so indicated on Planting Plan shall be protected with mulch, Type mulch to be used shall be as noted on Planting Plan and any substitute for mulch material or method of application hereinafter noted shall have the prior approval of Company.

a. Straw or Ha Mulch - This type mulch shall be free from mature seed-bearing stalks or roots of prohibited or noxious weeds, as defined in the Pennsylvania Seed Act of 194V, latest revision. Mulch shall be applied uniformly in a continuous blanket by power equipment at a minimum rate of one (1) ton per acre, or as other- wise specified, Mulch shall be anchored with asphalt emulsion tack applied concurrently by mechanical means. Asphaltic emulsion, when used for tie-down, shall consist of refined petroleum asphalt of Quid consistency suitable for spray application. It shall contain no petroleum solvents or other diluting agents toxic to plant life. Emulsion shall be applied uniformly, at an even rate, to adequately stabQize the mulch and shall not be applied when the wind velocity is in excess of five (5) miles per hour.

35 Sheets, No. 28 of LA-V9828-1 In small or inaccessible areas, asphalt tack may be applied , by hand. Jute erosion netting, or other approved anchoring may be substituted. 'ethods,

Special precautions shall be taken at all times not to deposit mulch or asphalt tack on adjacent fencing, structures, electrical equipment or vehicles parked in vicinity of operations.

b. Wood Cellulose Fibre Mulch - This type mulch shall be applied at the rate o! fifteen hundred (1500) pounds per acre, dry weight. Application shall be by mechanical means, utilizing an approved hydroseeder.

Where so designated on Planting Plan, application of lime as required, fertQizer, seed and wood fibre mulch may be combined and applied in a simultaneous operation.

Q. SOWING OF CROWN VETCH SEED

1. Soil Pre aration

a. Crown Vetch Area - Crown vetch seeding and mulching shall'not be initiated until final slope grades have been established by Company and major construction has been completed. The areas designated to be planted with crown vetch shall first be cleared of all debris and foreign material. These specific areas shall then be dressed and shaped to remove depressions and ridges and to render slopes uniform in grade, as specified on Drawings or as directed by Company representative.

2. Crown Vetch Seeds Other Seeds and Soil Su lements

a. Contractor shall supply and install crown vetch seed, companion seed and soil supplements to areas designated on Drawings.

b. Crown vetch and nurse crop seed shall be as foQows:

Beetht P~nrtt Germtnetten Crown vetch, Scarified, Certified Blue Tag, (Coronilla varia, var. Penngift) 88-1/S 99 70 Rye grass (Perennial) 66-2/8 95 90 Allseed supplied by the Contractor shall conform to the Pennsyl- vania Seed Act of 1947, latest revision, and shall be tagged or marked in accordance with that Act.

25 Sheets, No. 29 of LA-79828-1 c. The inoculant for treating crown vetch seeds shall be a pure culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria selected for maximum vitality and ability to transform nitrogen from the air to soluble nitrates and deposit them in the soQ. Inoculant shall consist of pure-bred cultures specially selected for crown vetch and shall not be used later than the date included on the container for the date specified. Apply to seed at double rate.

d. A lication Method

(1) Specified area shall be dressed and shaped.

(2) Agricultural pulverized limestone shall be spread uniformly on the ground surface where testa by an approved laboratory indicate the soil to have a pH content less than 6. 5. Rate of utilization shall be as indicated by soil tests to develop a minimum pH content of 6. 5 to 7. 0 hi the soil.

(3) Feitilizer (10-20-20 analysis) shall be distributed uniformly at the rate of 500 pounds per acre of area.

(4) The crown vetch seed shall be applied, after inoculation according to this Specificatiort at the rate of 20 pounds per acre.

(5) The perennial rye grass seed shall be applied at the rate of 40 pounds per acre.

(6) The crown vetch and rye grass seed and soil supplements shall be applied by hydroseeding, or by any other approved method.

(7) When specified, crown vetch plantings may be established by planting of potted crowns at the rate of one (1) crown per four (4) square feet of area. All plants shall be thoroughly watered at time of planting. Care shall be exercised to be sure that there is no air remaining in the soil pocket and that the soil is thoroughly compacted around the roots or ball. Lime, as required, and fertilizer shall be applied at the same rates specified for seeding of crown vetch.

3. ~Mnlchtn - Following eppllcntlon of the crown vetch need or installation of crowns, all areas so planted shall be mulched and the mulch anchored inaccordance with the specifications previously noted for this operation for grass plantings (Section P-8).

35 Sheets, No. 30 of LA-79828-1 VIEI. CLEAN-UP'he planting site shall be maintained in a neat, clean, presentable and safe condition through the progress of work until final acceptance by Company. Contractor shall protect all adjacent paving and walks against drainage during the progess of the Contract. Any damage caused by Contractor's operations shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to repair and correct to the satisfaction of the Company. Upon completion of planting, excess soils, debris, materials, rubbish, atones, wood forms and other refuse not previously cleaned up shall be removed from the Site(s) and promptly disposed of, or as directed by the Company's representative. The Site(s) shall be left in a safe, clean, presentable condition>with all traces of work removed to the satisfaction of the Company's re;>xesentative. IX. INITIALMAINYENANf~EGUARANTEE AND REPLACEMENTS A. INITIALMAINTENANCE

. Thc Contractor shall be responsible for the initial maintenance of all work and parts thereof shown on the Drawings prior to Final Acceptance of this work by Company. Maintenance shall begin immediately after each area of grass and/or each plant material is planted and shall continue in accordance with the following require- ments through the guarantee period:

1. General - Planting areas and plant materials shall be pro- tected at all times against damage for the duration of the initial maintenance period. Any damaged or injured plant material shall be treated or replaced as directed by the Company's representative, at no additional cost to Company. Work shall not be done within, adjacent to or over any plant or planting area without proper safe- guards and protection to plant materials. Damage to planting areas or plant materials during the initial maintenance period shall be the Contractor's responsibility and shall be promptly repaired. Litter shall be removed from the Site with sufficient frequency to maintain a good appearance.

2. Grass - Grass areas shall be protected and maintained from date of Preliminary Acceptance until Final Acceptance of this portion of Contract by proper fertilizing, watering, mowing, raking, weeding, edging, repairing sunken areas or washes, replanting and all incidental work, as necessary, to establish a uniform, healthy stand of specified grasses in all areas specified. After grass has started to grow, all areas, or parts of such areas, which faQ, for any reason, to show a uniform stand of grass shall be re-seeded with the original mixture. Such areas, or parts of such areas, shall be re-seeded repeatedly until all areas are covered with a satisfactory stand of grass of the varieties specified. At the time

35 Sheets, No. 31 of LA-79828-1 of the first cutting, and subsequent cuttings, the blades of a sharp mower shall be kept at least two (2) inches high. Grass 'hall not be allowed to reach a height of over three (3) inches during the Initial Maintenance period.

Areas designated as coarse grass shall be cut at a minimum height of four (4) inches during Initial Maintenance period. Grass in these areas shall not be allowed to exceed a height of six (6) inches during this period. Accumulations of grass clipp- ings detrimental to turf shall be collected and removed from site. Refertilization and re-seeding shall be undertaken as required.

tained from time of Preliminary Inspection and shall continue for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, unless otherwise specified, Maintenance shall include fertilizing, watering, weeding, cultivating, mulching, pesticide spraying, pruning, tightening and repairing of guys and stakes, replacing dead plants during the specified planting season, resetting'plants to proper grade or upright position, restor- ing planting saucers," and other necessary horticultural operations that may be required for the proper growth of all plant materials. Dead plant materials shall be removed and dead branches pruned as they appear.

4. ~Sra i~n~ - During the Initial Maintenance period and until Final Acceptance, the Contractor shall do all seasonal spraying as necessary to keep plant materials free from insects and diseases. The Contractor shall furnish all materials and equipment and use all spray materials with adequate caution in regard to safety and health.

Insecticides, fungicides, and their containers, shall not be left within reach of children or animals and all spray wastes and containers shall be removed immediately from the Site. Sprays and drippings shall promptly be washed clean from all surfaces not intended for application.

Sprays shall be furnished and applied thoroughly with assurance that recommended rates of the correct chemicals are used at proper time in the prescribed manner for the complete eradication and control of disease and insects, Allspraying shall be done at times when wind does not exceed a velocity of five (5) miles per hour. 5. Wheedle - Contractor shall keep all planted areas free from weeds until Final Acceptance. If approved weed control chemicals are employed, recommended rates as specified on label(s) shall be used at the proper time and in the prescribed manner, with care

35 Sheets, No. 32 of LA-79828-1 taken to prevent wind drift of sprays or vapor. Chemicals shall not be left within reach of children and animals, and rules regard- ing safety and health shall be followed with proper caution. Containers, waste, dead or pulled weeds shall be promptly removed from Site(s) and sprays and drippings promptly washed clean from all surfaces not intended for this application.

k Under no condition shall the Contractor use a chemical weed or vegetation killer on or adjacent to line rightwfmay on lands under the jurisdiction of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources or Pennsylvania Game Commission, on a designated water shed property or in the vicinity of springe except upon written approval of Company or owners.

Special precautions with sprayed applications of chemical weed or vegetation killers shall be taken at Sites where aluminum fencing or structures with green phosphate chromate treatment have been installed to avoid possible discoloration of the'finish. No drift of sprayed chemicals should be permitted to contact these surfaces. Equivalent weed control chemicals in dry granular form may be substituted at these locations and applied according to the manu- facturer's directions, with prior Company approval.

6. Res nsibilit for Maintenance - The Contractor's responsibility for maintenance shall cease at the time of Final Acceptance by Company, provided all plant materials and related items are in satisfactory condition. B. GUARANTEE

Allplants and seeded areas shall be guaranteed alive and in good, healthy, growing condition for a period of twelve (12) months after the time of Preliminary Acceptance.

C. REPLACEMENTS Allplant materials under this Contract that are unsightly, un- healthy, dead, excessively pruned, have lost their natural shape due to dead branches, or are not in a vigorous, thriving condition, as determined by the Company's representative during and at the end of the guarantee period shall be promptly removed from the Site(s). These, and any other plants that may be missing because o! the Contractor's negligence, shall be replaced or added as soon as conditions pe'rmit during the normal planting season(s).

Sheets, No. 33 of LA-79828-1 Replacements shall consist of plant materials of the same kind and size specified on the Plant List, selected in the field by the Company's representative prior to digging, and subject to all require- ments in these Specifications. Replacements shall be made at the Contractor's expense except for possible replacements resulting from damage due to vandalism or other unnatural acta or occurrences.

The Contractor shall be liable for any damage to property, including grass areas, pavements, curbs, etce s caused by replace- ment operations, and he shall, without additional charge to Company, restore to their original conditions all areas and all construction disturbed or damaged by him in pursuing the work covered>by this Contract to the satisfaction of the Company's representative.

l. ~Retetns e - A sum sufficient to cover the esttmeted cost of possible replacements, including material and labor, will be retained by the Company until Final Acceptance at the end of the guarantee period, and willbe paid to the Contractor only after all replacements have been made and approved in writing by the Company's representa- tive. Replacements shall be made as many times as necessary during the guarantee period in order to secure healthy plant materials. In lieu of cash retainage, a Performance Bond in adequate amount may be substituted. Approval of Bonding Company shall be by Company. X. INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE A. GENERAL Written notice requesting inspection shall be submitted by Contractor to the Company at least ten (10) days prior to the antici- pated inspection date. Allplanting and landscaping covered by this Contract shall be found in a clean, presentable appearance at time of Inspection.

B. PRELIMINARYINSPECTION The Contractor shall offer for Preliminary Acceptance the entire project covered by this Contract, or a complete readily defined portion of project if approved by the Company's representative. Preliminary inspection of work under this Section shall be made by the Company's representative upon completion of all work included herein, exclusive oi'nitial maintenance and possible replacement of plant materials subject to guarantee.

35 Sheets, No. 34 of LA-79828-1 C. PRELIMINARYACCEPTANCE

After inspection, the Contractor will be .notified in writing by the Company of Company's Preliminary Acceptance in whole or in part of Contract work, exclusive of maintenance and possible replacement of plants subject to guarantee, or, if there are any deficiencies, of requirements for completion of work. Plants noted to be in a healthy, flourishing condition of active. growth at the time of preliminary inspection willreceive Preliminary Acceptance and a written notice will be given to the Contractor stating that the Guarantee Period shall begin.

At this time, dead or missing plants, or those whose growth is not considered sa'isfactory to the Company's representative, will bc noted and marked. Dead plants shall be removed immediately and these and others or>itted or lost through the Contractor's negligence shall he replaced as soon as possible during an accepted planting season determined hy the Company's representative. Grass maintenance or other wort. remaining to be done shall be subject to reinspection befo're acceptance.

D. FINALINSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE AT THE END OF GUARANTEE PERIOD

After the Maintenance and Guarantee Period, and upon written request to Company by the Contractor. the Company's representative will make a final inspection of all work to determine the final accepta- bilityof completed work. Any dead or missing plant materials shall be replaced promptly during the proper planting season. Plants whose conditions are questionable shall also be replaced except where, in the opinion of the Company's representative, it is advisable to extend the Guarantee Period another full growing season, at which time another inspection will be made to determine acceptance or rejection, If any plant materials are unsatisfactory or dead at the time of Final Inspection, acceptance willnot be granted. Replacements shall con- form in all respects to these Specifications, and'hall be planted in the same manner.

APPROVED: /s/ H. W. Wri ht /s/,R. C. Zundel Manager, ng neer ng Manager, Rea state

/s E. H. Seidler /s/ N. W. Curtis Manager, Distribut on Manager, Construction

s/ . H. Smith By: Q. H. Smith - 11/5/69 Director, Environment Development Revision gl - Approved 5/15/73

35 Sheets, No. 35 of LA-79828-1 APPENDIX II

PERMITS, LICENSES AND APPROVALS

FOR THE

SUNBURY-SUSQUEHANNAAND

SUSQUEHANNA-Sl EG FR I ED 500 kV LINES LIST OF PERMITS, LICENSES AND APPROVALS FOR THE SUNBURY-SUSQUEHANNAAND SUSQUEHANNA-SIEGFRIED 500 kV LINES

Federal Agencies

U.S. Nuclear Necessity and Environmental Approval Regulatory Commission —Sunbury Line applied for —Siegfried Line applied for

U.S. Army Corps Permits to Cross Navigable Waters of Engineers Sunbury Line Crossing of Susquehanna River at Plant application being prepared Sunbury Line Crossing of Susquehanna River at Sunbury application being prepared Siegfried Line Crossing of Susquehanna River at Plant application being prepared Siegfried Line Crossing of Lehigh River at White Haven application being prepared Siegfried Line Crossing of Lehigh River at Siegfried application being prepared Siegfried Line Crossing of Beltzville Reservoir application submitted

Federal Aviation Notice of Construction for AirNavigation Authority (FAA) —Sunbury Line (1) —Siegfried Line (2)

State Agencies

Pennsylvania Department Erosion Control Plans of Environmental Resources (DER) —Sunbury Line application being prepared —Siegfried Line application being prepared

Permits to Cross

—Sunbury Line Crossing of Susquehanna River at Plant application being prepared —Sunbury Line Crossing of Susquehanna River at Sunbury application being prepared —Siegfried Line Crossing of Susquehanna River at Plant application being prepared —Siegfried Line Crossing of Lehigh River at White Haven application being prepared —Siegfried Line Crossing of Lehigh River at Siegfried application being prepared Pennsylvania License Agreements for Right-of-Way Game Commission —Sunbury Line license has been obtained —Siegfried Line license has been obtained

Pennsylvania Department Notice of Construction for AirNavigation of Transportation (DOT) Bureau of Aviation —Sunbury Line (3) —Siegfried (4)

Pennsylvania Department Highway Crossing Permits of Transportation (DOT) Bureau of Highways —Sunbury Line Crossing of I-80 application being prepared —Siegfried Line Crossing of I-80 application being prepared —Siegfried Line Crossing of I-81 application being prepared

Pennsylvania Crossing Permit Turnpike Commission —Siegfried Line application being prepared

Pennsylvania Public Possible Condemnations UtilityCommission (PUC) —Siegfried Line, A Certificate of Necessity application being prepared

NOTES: (1) Notice confirmed with determination that some structures would exceed obstruction standard of Part 77 and should be obstruction lighted. PPSL will comply.

(2) Notice confirmed with determination that structures would not exceed obstruction standard of Part 77 and would not need to be lighted.

(3) . Notice confirmed and problems will be resolved by PP&L.

(4) Notice confirmed with statement that the bureau willoffer no objections. 7'i" ~ /

RECEIVED Mr. J. L. Hilbish .. 7 19/1 Attention: Mr, R, H, McIntosh TRANS. ENG. Dlv.

File 2-6P,33 SUS UEHANNA--BOSSAR9 500 KV LINE ge- (z. ipvo The proposed route of the Susquehanna- Bossard Line has been reviewed with the executive directors of both Luzerne and Carbon County Planning Commissions,

Mrs, McGaxtney, Carbon County Planning Director saw no problems on the line as routed, being particularly pleased that the cxossing at the Lehigh Rivex'orge was cleared with Maurice Goddaxd, Secretary of Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters.

Mr, Heiselburg, of the Luzerne County Planning Commission~ concurred with the proposed route of the line, however, he did express some concern as to the following:

l, Relative location of the line and YMCA Camp, Kresge--he felt we should not go through the middle of. the camp, which indications were that we would not,

2 ~ Suggested we use "Asthetic Poles" in the area where the line is visible crossing State Game Lands, This is noted on the attached print.

3 ~ He thought we might have some px'oblems with Sportsmen~s Associations wherein the line crosses State Game Land, if we do excessive cutting or overlook the environmental treatment of the Right of Way, as he understands it from Mr', Quentin Smith, Director of Environmental Development, in his pre ati ~

J n Chapli cc: Mr. E, E. Bender zo-coco COMMONWEALTHOF PENNSYLVANIA RECEl VED DfPARTMfNT OF TRANSPORTATION OF FEB 24 197G BUREAU AVIATZON KNVlR EhG Capital City Airport New Cumberland, PA 17070

Y REFER TO

February 20, 1976

wJ'0-5/e'6'r.

Charles F. Fretz Coordinator-Government Relations Pennsylvania Power 6 Light Company 2 North 9th Street Allentown, PA. 18101 Dear Mr. Fretz: The Bureau of Aviation has reviewed the Susquehanna- Siegfried 500 KV Line and now withdraws any objections that we had stated in our letter dated October 3, 1975 in reference to the following five (5) landing facilities: (1) Capitol Hill Heliport (2) Davis Personal Use Airport (3) Neeb Personal Use Airport (4) Ballywick Personal Use Airport (5) Dieter Personal Use Airport Should this office be of further assistance to you, please feel free to contact us at (717) 787-8736. Sincerely, k. x.8=- George K. Dorn Aviation Safety Specialist GKD/vab r OOOO COMMONWEALTHOF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ~ ""CEIVED BUREAU OF AVEATlON o~16 1915 City -Airport'apital A)V>gg EP,(; III New Cumberland, PA 17070 Pl REPLY REFER TO October 3, 1975

Mr. Charles F. Fretz Coordinator-Government Relations Pennsylvania Power 6c Light Company 2 North 9th Street Allentown, PA 18101 Dear Mr. Fretz: The Bureau of Aviation has reviewed your notice of proposed. construction of the Susquehanna-Siegfried 500 kv line, and we feel the following airports may be. adversely affected by the construction of this proposed power line: (1) Capitol Hill Heliport — Owner — William Heck Construction Co., Inc., R. D. g3, Box 263, Mountaintqp, PA 18707, Phone: (717) 474-9034, Latitude 41-07, Longitude 75-54.

~ (2) Davis Personal Use Airport — Owner —Nilliam S. Davis, Route 309, Mountaintop, PA 18707, Phone: (717) 474- 6377, Latitude 41-06, Longitude 75-59. (3) Neeb Personal Use Airport — Owner — Ralph Neeb, R. D. 03, Lehighton, PA 18235, Phone: (717) 377-3259, Latitude 40-51, Longitude 75-38. (4) Ballywick Personal Use Airport — Owner — F. M. Kirby, 17 DeHart Street, Morristown, NJ 07960, Phone: (201) 538-4800, Latitude 41-08, Longitude 75-51. (5) Dieter Personal Use Airport — Owner — C. Leon Dieter, Cherryville, PA 18035, Phone: (215) 767-4364, Latitude 40'-'45, Longitude 75-32. Dieter Personal Use Airport in Cherryville, PA, will have to be closed if this line is constructed as proposed. .Ne suggest you contact Mr. Dieter and make whatever financial restitution that may be in order for the loss of the use of his landing facility. Should you have further questions concerning t'hese sites, please feel free to contact this office at (717) 787-8736. e Sincerely, George K. Dorn Aviation Safety Specialist GKD/vab r c-D. S ~ Bast N-2 C..R. Maio LSC J. J. McBrearty @2 T REMOVE CARBONS Qua us le Form Artprnvcd. O.c,I.B. No. 00c ROOOI DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FOR FAA LASE 0!AtLY FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AERONAUTICALSTUDY Ni'O. NOTICE OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION 1. NATURE OF STRUCTURE Coni )lite hot/I .4 anil 8 ltelon ) FAA willeither return this form or A. (C/I ee/ (cnC) issue a separate acknowledgement. NEW CONSTRUCTION Q ALTERATION A. The proposed structure: s not require a notice to FAA. (State len(/tlat ~D tvould not exceed obstruction PERMANENt TEMPORARY of time) l)foe any Q Q standard of Part 77 and would not 2. NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL,COMPANY, CORPORA'TION, ETC. PROPOSING be a hazard to air THE CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION (Vs

3. TYPE AND COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURE Erect approximate+ 55 miles of single circuit 500 KV electric transmission line on steel towers with six (6) power'.conductors (2 per,phase) and SUIN,G OFFICE: L/t) g Ny 0 two (2) overhead ground twires. VIE'(Yl ':IRN'I) l DATE„ 0~ II)Ols 4. LOCATION OF STRUCTURE A. COORDINATES (1'a nrarcct second) B. NEAREST CITY OR TOWN, AND S ATE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Berwick, Pa. 1'5'1" 7 '9 '0" (I) DISTANCE FROM dB (2) DIRECTION FROM dB 42t 51" 40 75'1'6" ~ 8 MILEs Ee st C. NAME OF NEAREST AIRPORT, HELIPORT, OR SEAPLANE BASE (I) DISTANCE FRohh NEAREST POINT OF (2) DIRECTION NEAREST FROM +See Attached Sheet RUNWAY AIRPORT D DESCRIPTIOY OP I OCd TIOY OF Ell'E n ITII ICESPECT TO BIGIIIydl'S. STREETS, dIRPORTS. PROIIIVEYT TERRdIY F'EdT6'RES. EZ. ISTIYO RTRCCTCRES. ETC. (diiach a hcphcrny, rcrcct. or any ocher apprnpriaic coop nr scaled draccinp rhotrinp ihc rcioiienrhip a/ canrtrccctisn ~iic le ncarcri ~irpori(r)~ I/ wore rpacc ic rccuircd, coniinuc on o ccparcir rhcci ej pccpcr and ~ iiach io chic noiicc.)

Attached plan produced from USGS maps.

5. HEIGHT AND ELEVATION (Contplete.4,8 and C to tlie nearest oot 6. WORK SCHEDULE DATES A. WILLSTART A. ELEVATION OF SITE ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL 1760 HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE INCLUDING APPURTENANCES AND LIGHTING (I/ a"y) ABOVE GROUND. OR WATER IF SO SITUATED B. WILLCOMPLETE

C. OVERALL HEIGHT ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL (d+B) 1882 7. OBSTRUCTION MARKED AND/OR YES A. MARKED LIGHTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH CURRENT FAA ADVISORY CIRCULAR B. AVIATIONRED OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS 70/7460-1, OBSTRUCTION MARK- C. FIIGH INTENSITY WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS X ING AND LIGHTING D. DUAL LIGHTINGSYSTEM R BY C RTIFY that all of the above statecnents made b me are true. corn late. an correct to t c est of m nuwle e 8. NAME AND TITLE OF PERSON FILING THIS NOTICE (ryp 9. SIGNATURE Chas. F. Fretz 10 DATE OF SIGNATURE lt, TELEPHONE No ( rccc c cc area cc cl Coordinator - Government Relations ugust 5, 1975 . 215-821-5094 Persons who hnowlncty and willlully lail to comply with the provisions of thc Federal Aviation Regulations Part Tr ~ re liable to ~ line of $ $ 00 lor the first offense. with Increased penalties thcrcalter as provided by Section 902I ~ I ol the Federal Aviation Act ol l9$ 0 as amcndccL FAA Folitt 7460 I (I I 72) sUPERsEDEs PREvlous EDIIIQN DO NOT REMOVE CARBCtAIS Copy to: D. S. Bast NN C. ~ua Susq,. SC H. R. Qoldsworthy I-3 Q,. D. Novtnger'usg. SC M. 0. RLngeard Susq. SC Miss A. N. Ehritm, TM< For the official January 22~ 1976 files of the company. h. C. Cassadsy NA

SKKHY - SUUEHA@NA NO. 2 - 500 KV XZHB ZR ml2 4

Attached is copy of Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration from Federal Av3:ation Administration Advising that this construction would exceed obstruction standards in Part 77 of Federal Aviation Regulations and that the obstruction should be obstructed lighted. in accordance with ZAA Regulations. The obstruction is in vicinity of runways at the Blooms- burg and, Northumberland County Airports; both of these airports have plans to extend the runways.

Xt is recommended that prior to'cheduling of construction we discuss this with Federal Aviation Administration.

(S'>a

CFF:CAN

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« cc: D.S. Bast - IQ Q.D. Itovinger - Susq. S.C. DO NOT REMOVE CARBONS Fotm Approved. Q.hl.B. No. 004-R0001 DEPART/hENT OF TRANSPORh 7IQhm FOR FAA USE C.'hLY FED(RAL Av(AltoN ADMIN(srRATIDN File AERONAUTICALSTUDY NO. NOTICE OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION 4= p- J&JV-8 1. NATURE OF STRUCTURE Co»i let( hot/( A an(l 8 belolp) FAAwilleither return this form or A. (Chccl'ne) issue a separate acknowledgement. fQ NEW CONSTRUCTION . Q ALTERATION A. 'Ihe oposed structure: B. (Checl'ne) (State Icngtl( ~D s not re(iuire a notice to FAA. QPERMANENT Q TEMPORARY of ttme) Nua Tvould ace exceed any obstruction standard of'Part 77 and would not 2. NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL,COMPANY, CORPORATION, ETC. PROPOSING THE CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION ( Yumhcr, $(rcc(, Ci(p. R(a(a ond Zfp Code)- be zard to air navigation. I ho obstruction marked

~ 'ighted per FAA Advisory Circler TO Pennsylvania Power 4 Light Company 70/7460-1, Chapter(s) Two North Ninth Street ~obstruction marking and lighting Allentown, PA 18101 are not necessary. ~ Requires supplemental notice. Attn: Mr, Chas. F ~ Frets, N-li. Usc FAAform enclosed. B. FCC was ~ was not advised.

3. TYPE AND COMPLETE DESCRIP1ION OF S'IRUCTURE LII The subject facility will be.a 500 KV Transmission line-.;." " ~ extending from the proposed Susq. Nuclear SES to the 0) r'. riJ+~ existing Sunbury SES, a distance of approx. 44 miles. The LIII c orrlCE:, line will be double CKT for approx. 3 miles out of Susq. p~ JPIELVIh' r D and sin le CKT for the remainin ortion. There will r 4. LOCATION OF STRUCTURE A. COORDINATES (To ncnrctt second) B. NEAREST CITY OR TOWN, A STAT LATITUDE LONGITUDE Sunbury, PA 41 '5 '00 '5 09 pp (I) DISTANCE FROMdB (2) DIRECTION FROM dB ~~acr. C. NAME OF NEAREST AIRPORT HELIPORT, OR eEAPLANE BASE (I) DISTANCE FROM NEAREST POINT OF (2) DIRECTION NEAREST FROM RUNWAY AIRPORT D.lrFÃoklt'TluivOF hrrt dTIOY OF SITE n ITII RESPECT TO IIIGIItydlE.STREETS. dIRPORTS. IROlll(YEIYTTERkdlv FEdTGRES, EZ. 16TIX('9TR(IOTA'RkS. ET(;. (d((nch a hfphtcny, r(rcc(. or any v(hcr approprio(c mnp or rca(cd drnuinp rhnhcinp (he vc(a(ivnrhip o/ cons(ruction ci(c (o nrorcr( airpor((e). I/ morc epact ic race(red, continue on a ccparr(r rhrc( o/ paper and a((ach (o this no(icc.) See Attached, Portions of Penna. Aeronautical, (hart

5. HEIGHT AND ELEVATION (Com !etc,A,B and C to tllc nearest out) 6. WORK SCHEDULE DATFS A. WILLSTART A. ELEVATION OF SITE ABOVE MEAN SEA I.EVEL 6/77 HEIGHT O. STRUCTURE 8 INCLUDINGAPPURTENANCES AND LIGHTING (I/ nny) ABOVE GROUND, OR WATER IF So SITUATED B. WILL COMPLETE 6/81 C. OVERALL HEIGHT ABOVE hhEAN SEA LEVEL (d+B) 7. OBSTRUCTION MARKED AND/OR YES NQ A. MARYED LIGHTED IN . ACCORDANCE WITH CURRENT FAA ADVISORY CIRCULAR 8. AVIATIONRED OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS 70/7460-1, OBSTRUCTION MARK- C. HIGH INTENSITY Wl IITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS ING AND LIGHTING D. DUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM

JFFRBY CERTIFY

Figure'10.9-A Alternate Routes 1. Sunbury Susquehanna 2. Susquehanna-Siegfried

10.9-11

January 10, 1979 2 East Second; Street Berwick, Pa. 18603 United States nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, 3 C- 20555 Attn. Samuel J. Chilk Re.. Docket No. 50-$ 87, an 50-388 Operating Zi'cense 2iea ~ ,or Pennsylvania'Power and T'ight "s.- and Allegheny Electric "s." Susguehanna Steam Electric Station Units 1 and 2, 33erwick, PK- Subj. Limited Appearence: Statement

Rear Nr- Chilk Early in 1979,. 1 beleive the date. to be Jan. 29,. Che 5RC will be holding hearings to determine PAL!'s: fitness to own and operate the refered nuclear. power plant. As a resident and concerned citizen, I would like to address the convenors of this hearing..

Please make the appropriate arrangements for me to make a Limited Appearence Statement at these hearings and notify me in writing that you have done so-. Al'so, please advise when and where these hearings will be held-- Thank-you.

Sincerelp

I"ary Kelchner Creasy 23~!orth hird S- ee- Le~burg, Pa. l7837 7l7-524--"386 .":c 'ar .egula i 0 4 Co.i D. C. 20555 iilssio.';as';"='ngton, Sa~i.ue 1 Ch' k Janua y l5, 1979 )/g

*

T. am'nwiting to ~ou- as"„a, citizen who resides within.,the .50 mile radius.-of 'the, proposed=.nuclear plants in Berwick,,-Z'a.",.2 wish»to . . recues 'permission to make a -Rimmed,appearance statementm .De upcoming -,licensing hearings,-d'or =PP 6:s:-.Susquehanna S team.'Rneiatizg plants.'" "The docket mumbers~re 50-387'mnd 5~3FP. ':==. * . also wish to be placed'on the service list -for all mailings w'th recard to these hearings. X look forward to hearing from vou.

David Mann 9

C

Cg I r I~S)7'i >z..;".D Svoi"ZXC8 ENVIRONMENTALCOALITIONON NUCLEAR POWER

Co.oirectors: Mr. George Boomtma-R.O. ¹1, Peach Bottom, Pa. 17563 717.548-2836 Or. Judith Johnsrud-433 Orlando Avenue, State College, Pa. 16801 814-2374900

UNITE) STAT&+ OF AH" GCA NUCLEAR RKiULATORY COMHISSXON In the Matter of

P~PiiSYLVANIA PO'r~ 8c LIGHT COMPANY Docket Nos 5O- ALLEGHENY KECTRIC COOPERATIVE~ INC 5WA8d

( Susnuehanna Steam ELectric Station~ Units 1 4 2) Before the Atomic Safe and Licensin Board

ZPTIRONI'I%ITAL COALITION ON NUCLEAR PO>'~~ INTWVB/ORS'NUMT FOR DELAY OF DEPOSITXOii OF MARY ~CHNM CMASY

Both of the authorized representatives of the Environmental Coalition on Nuc1ear ickier (Dr Chauncey'epford and Dr, Judith Johnsrud) wi13. be unable to attend a July 11 session due to commitments out of statee The be ECNP Xntervenors therefore request that the deposition of Mrse Creasy able delayed until such time as all participants in this proceeding are to be present. submitted~ o, Respectf~ oo o+

Dr. Judith H Johnsrud .p+'gi> Co-Representative of the r~ ECNP Intervenors l ~ 433 Orlando Avenue State College~ Pa 16801

Dated this ~A day of June~ 1979 I

TED COMESPOihDENCE CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that copies of E~0%&fTAL COALITION ON NUC~

POWER INTERIORS'iQUMT FOR DWARF OF DEPOSITION OF MABZ ~HNER GRAY have been served on the following by deposit in the U.S first class, postage paid, ttds / of J~, 1979.

g+0 Dr Judith H. Johnsrud c+ D qo ~c'& g v Co-representative of tne ECNP ce<: g,'o Intervenors

tie

Docketing and Service Section ~i%'c''harles Office of the Secretary

, U S Nuclear Regulatory [email protected] Washington~ D» C» 20555 Bechhoefer~ Esquire Chal.raan~ ASLB Panel Jay Silberg~ esquire and Trowbridge U S Nuclear Regulatory Commissioxx Shaw, rittman, Potts~ NW Vcashi~ton D C 20555 1800 M Street Washiagton, D ~ C, 20036 Yw, Glean 0 Bright A&M Panel Gerald Schultz, Ad oc tes V S Nuclear Regu1atory Commission S squeh~ =~viro~ental Washington~ Dt C. &555 500 South River Street WiIkes-Barre~ x'a. L8'(Oc Dr oscar H Paris Chairper-'exL ASLB Panel Mrs Irene Lemanowicz~ Nuclear Daager U S» Nuclear Regulatory Conud.ssion Citizeas Against P 0, Box 377 Washington' C 20555 RD»1 Atond.c Safety and Licensing Berwick~ Pa 18603 Board Panel Colleen Marsh U S Nuclear Regulatory Coded,ssion Hs 'C A R.D, "4 Vashiagton~ D 20555 558 Mountain Topp Pa ~ 18707 Atmd.c Safety and Licensing Director Appeal Board Panel Mr Thomas M. Gerus~p Bureau of Radiation Protection U S Nuclear Regulatory Comas.ssioxx of Bx~oamental Resources Washingtonp D, C 20555 Department Commonwealth of 1'eansy3.vaxxia. P 0,, Box 2063 James M Cutchin~ 1V, Esquire Office of the executive Legal Harrisburg~ Pa 3.7120 Director U S Huc1ear Regulatory Comuission Vasixington~ D C» 20555 g()cx&~ 9 gggaC UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ll NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ~~~~ g gy9> ~g~etcfK Clice ol~ Ib+ ~~he, gocke<>re ~ QctloR ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD

In the Matter of )

PENNSYLVANIA POWER & LIGHT COMPANY Docket Nos. 50-387 and ) 50-388 ALLEGHENY ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. ) ) (Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, ) Units 1 and 2) )

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER June

In our Special Prehearing Conference Order of March 6, 1979, we dealt with several proposed contentions raising questions as to the off-site transportation of spent fuel —namely, Conten-

1C, 2C, and 4C'of Ms. Marsh, Contention 1 of- SEA, and Con- 'ions tention 12 of CAND. We ruled that, as a health and safety matter', off-site transportation is outside the scope of an operating 'I license proceeding and, for that reason, we rejected the conten- tions insofar as they raised such questions.

The Commission on June 12, 1979 issued an "interim final rule" which establishes certain new requirements for the pro- tection of spent fuel in transit. See 44 Fed. Reg. 34466 (June 15, 1979). This rule is to become effective on July 16, 1979. 2-

The parties to.this proceeding are invited to submit com- ments as to the effect of the new rule, if any, on our previous analysis of the contentions referenced above, and whether any of those contentions which we previously rejected. should now be admitted. Such comments should be submitted by Monday, July 9, 1979.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD

C ar es Bec oe er, C a rman

Dated at Bethesda, Maryland, this 18th day of June, 1979. r

; DISTRIBUTION (rrlllrrllr UNITED STATES .EP-2 Reading —NUCLEAR REGULATORY-COMMISSION - -. — - 'OCA {3) WASHINGTON> O.C. 20555 SBajtia Mouncan June 28, 1979 Docitet No. 50-387 F; 50-388 The Honorable John D. Dinge11, Chairman Subcommittee on Energy and Po>

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated

Evaluation, or Supplement No.,'afety dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VOL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- . dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated g oth«Roti e o a labi t of HRC Draft En i o EIental StateIIIent

of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: Br'ffice As stated

cc: The Honorable Clarence J.

OFFICE ~ MEM-2-

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~ ~ DISTRIBUTION ( EN V (R (I(( ( UNll'E EP-2 ReadingI D STATES --- -- NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION OCA (3}- - . ~ WASHINGTON, D,C. 20555 SBajtva NDun can June 28, 1979 D k.tNo. The Honorable Gary Hart, Chairtttan Subcommittee on Nuclear Regulation Cori,ittee on Environment and Public Morks, United States Senate Washington, DC 20510

Subject: Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 0 2 (Pennsylvania Po>]er and t ight Company; Allegheny Electric Cooperative,. Inc.) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VOL

Amendment No, to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Peimit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR- . dated p] o,„. Hotice of Availability of INC Draft Environmental Statement dated June 1979

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated The Honorab'le Alan Simpson

OFFICE p DSE: EP-2

SUANAM6 tlDuncan:c1c 1'I 0AT6 4 r'70 NRC 21 I6 16)

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DISTRIBUTION t ~ oc et s e NVIRON) UNITED STATES EP-2 Reading NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION dCA (3) WASHINGTON> D.C. 20555 SBajtra June 28, 1979 NDuncan ~gaggp, 50 387 Ei ~0388~a The Honorable orris K. Udal'1, Chairnan SubcoImittee on Energy and the Environment Germittee on Interior and Insular Affairs United States House of Representatives tJashington, DC 20515 Subject: Susquehanna Steara E'fectric Station„ Units 1 5 2 (Pennsylvania Power and Light Company: Allegheny Electric Cooperative, Inc.) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment,No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated Q other Notice of Availabilit of NRC Draft Environmental Statement dated June 1979

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated The Honorable Steven Sums

«~~«~ -DSE-ZP-2-- thDuncan clc r. )or lan OATE. NRC-21 I6 76) II r ~ ~

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' DISTRIBUTION oc e s IRON) UNITED STATES EP-2 Reading NUCLEAR REGULATORYCOMMISSION PHLEech WASHINGTON> O.C. 20555 NDuncan September 17, 1979 Doe)tet No. 60-307 and ~00- Regional Health Physicist U.S. 'Environmental Protection Agency 6th and Malnut Streets Philadelphia, Pennsylvania l9105

subject: Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units l and 2 (Pennsylvania Potver and Light Company)

The following documents'oncerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated

I LJ Safely Evaiuation. or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

, Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated I p] other. Radiological Environmental Bonitor ing Program lg78 Annual Report

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated CC.'~ VI I OFFICE i JEEM-2. t

OAEE NBC 21 I6 76I l

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~ ~ DISTRIBUTION ~ oc ets N IRON) EP-2 Reading UNITED STATES PHLeech NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION t)Duncan WASHINGTON> D.C. 20555 September 17, 1979 Dppkp> Np. 80-387 and ~60-38 Or. James T. Tanner Bureau of Standards'ational Reactor Building 235 Hashington, DC 20234

Susquehanna Stean Electric Station,, Units I and 2 (Pennsylvania Power and Light COIIIyany)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated l Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VOL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated other. Radiolo ical Environmental YIonitoring Program; 1978 Annual Report

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

OFFICE % DK:G~

SU4NAME ~ tlDuncan:clc n >11 I3n DATE NRC-21 I6 76) IW ~ I ~

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@ I DISTRIBUTION oc e s N IRON) UNITED STATES EP-2 Reading NUClEAR REGUlATORY COMMISSION PHLeech WASHINGTON> O.C. 20555 HDuncan September 17, 1979 rr-rri r rtt-3M r.ili trit .Ilt t. National Oceanographic Data Center Environimntal Data Service Hational Oceanic 5 Atrttospheric Administration U.S. Department of'ottmerce )Jaghjn~ton, DC 2023SI ubiec: Susquehanna Stems Electric Station, Units 1 and 2 (Pennsylvania Power and Light COIIIpany) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated ' CI Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of'ssuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated NPF- Facility Operating License No. DPR- , , dated

Amendment No. to CppR- or DRR-, dated r other. Radioloqical Env>ronmental Vonitorin Proeam. l978 Annual

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

OPFlCK p BSE'EP-2

SUflNAM6 R, t1Duncan: cl c

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' rr 0 k D~RIBUTION UNITED STATES oc e s N IRON); NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION EP-2 Reading WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555 PHLeech September 17, 1979 NQuncan E Docket No. 50-337 and 50-355 Chaiman, Advisory Coatoittee on Reactor Safegual ds U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Corrmission washington, OC 20555

subjec~: Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2 (Pennsylvania Poorer and Light Coa',Pany)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

k LJ Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VDL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated 'QX other Radiolo ical Environmental Vonitorin Pr oar am. 1978 Annual

Re ort

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

DFFicE i QSMPM HDuncan:clc SUANAME io

DATE

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v „e ' k DISTRIBUTION UNITED STATES oc ets IRON) NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION EP-2 Reading WASHINGTON> D.C. 20555 PHLeech t1Duncan September 17, 1979 .. dll-3rd d dd-3rd d . Iiid' d. d did d Division of Ecological Services Bureau of Spoilt Fisheries and lHldlife U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC 2QPAO

subject: Susquehanna Steam Electr ic Station, Units 1 and 2 (Pennsylvania Power and Light Company)

The following'documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

0 Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement', dated d Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VOL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated d

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated >Q other. Radiolo ical Environmental I'~>onitorinq Pro ram'978 Annual

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC: g~gItg,O

OFFICE >o USE-:ZP-2

SURNAME p MDuncan:clc dn Il6 l7A OATE NRc 21 I6 76I II a» ~

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ll +ll ~ OISXOISuTION oc e sI, N IRON) EP-2 UNITED STATES Reading NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PHLeech WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555 NDuncan September 12, 3979

Regional Health Physicist U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency 6th and Walnut Streets Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19)06

subject Susqui hanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2 {Pennsylvani a Power and Light Company)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your, information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VOL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

AmendmentNo. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated oth«.Ecological Studies of the Sus uehanna River in the Vicinity of the

Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Annual Pe ort for l970

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

OFFICE % EP-2 NDuncan:clc SUANAME It 0/11 /7EI OAIE NRC-21 I6 76) 1

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IBUTIOH UNITED STATES DISK NUCLEAR REGUlATORY COMMISSION oc e s IRON) WASHINGTON> D.C. 20555 EP-2 Reading PHLeech September 12, 1979 NDuncan Docket No. 50-387 and 50-388 Or. Dames T. Tanner Hational Bureau of Standards Reactor Building 236 tjashington, OC 20234

Subject: SuSquehanna Steam FleCtriC StatiOn, UnitS 1 and 2 (PennSylyania Poiiel and Light ComIpany} 6

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No. ', dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated 1

Construction Permit No. CPPR- . dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated [g other Ecolo ical Studies of the Sus uehanna River in the Vicinity of the Sus uehanna Steam Electric'tation Annua Re o . gy~rI~R

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated cc.'yle 0 OFFICE ~ %HP-2-

SURNAME y t]Duncan: cl c 0/11 /70 oArE NRC-21 (6 76 I I \ r h

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1 1 D TRIBUTION ~ oc ets, N IRON) UNITED STATES EP-2 Reading NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PHLeech WASHINGTON, O,C. 20555 NDuncan September 12, 1979 Docket No. 50-387 and 50-3 Chairman, Advisory Comittee on Reactor Hafeguards U.S. Nuclear Pegulatory Comlission ijashington, OC 20555

subject: Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2 (Pennsylvania Pov>er and Liqht Company)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No.'o CPPR- or DRR-, dated

Q~ Other: Studi of the Sus uehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station; Annual Report for

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

OFFICE R. DK;EP-2 NDuncan:clc SURNAME y 9/11/79 DATE NRC-21 I6 76) ll 4!I

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ll DISTRIBUTION oc e s IRON) EP-2 Reading UNITED STATES PHLeech NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION VIDuncan WASHINGTONr0 C 20555 September 12, 1979 Docket No. 60-387 and 50-388 Dr'. A1fred C. Fox, Chief Division of Eco1ogical Services Bureau of Sport Fisheries 5 tli1dlife U S Department of the Interior Hashington, DC 20240 subject: Susquehanna Steam E'lectric Station, Units 1 and 2 {Pennsy1vania Power and Light Company)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VDL

Amendment No. to Applic'ation/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

" Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR - or DRR - . dated other.EcoTogica'1 Studies of the Susquehanna 8)ver in the %ticinity of the

SusqUehanna Steam Electric Station Annua1 Re ort for 1978

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

OFFICE 8 D)g 'EP-2 HDuncan: cl c SURNAME Io

de l'T 'I I'Tre DATE. NRC 21 (6 76I i~,p t 1 4

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~ g, q P4 RIBUTION oc e s . I'RON) EP-2 Reading UNITED STATES PHLeech NUCI.EAR REGULATORY COMMISSION MDuncan WASHINGTON> O.C. 20555 September 12, 1979 Docitet No. 60-387 and 60-388 llr. Robert Ochinero, Director National Oceanograpliic Data Center Environmental Data Service National Oceanic 5, Atnoppheric Administration U.S.. Department of Commerce Hashinrjton, DC 20235'ubject: Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2 (Pennsylvania Potfer and Light Company) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No.. dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VoL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated lm 'th«.Ecologica1 Studies of the Susquehanna River in the ViciIaity of the

Sus uehanna Steam Electric Station; Annual Report for 1978

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC: Itd ~pe'I ~

OFFICQ y, -DSKK+ 2 MDuncan:clc SUANAME F 17a OArE. airs NRC-21 (6-76I C"

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REGULATORY INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION "Y-TEM (BIDS) DI TRIBUTIGN FOR INCGI IING MATERIAL 50-~8 ~88

- REC: REGAN W H GRG: CURTIS N W DOCDATE: 05/ 2 f78 NRC PA PWR io LIGHT DATE RCVD: 06/Oi/78

DGCTYPE: LETT-R NOTARI ED: NG COPIES RECEIVED SUBJECT: LTR 1 ENCL 15 FORWARDING PAGES 1 i. 1-2 AND 11. 2-2 WHICH WERE INADVERTENTLY LEFT BLAI'lK IN THE ORIGINAL SUBI"IITTAL GF ThE ENVIRON REPT — OPERATING LIC STAGE FGR SUBJECT FACILITY"8 SES.

PLAI'IT NAME: SUSQUEHANNA — UNIT 1 REVIEWER INITIAL: XJM SUSQUEjlANNA — UNIT 2 DISTR IBIJTER INI7 IAI:

DISTRIBUTION OF TIGRIS MATERIAL IS AS FOLLOWS

ENVIRO R?T AMDTS 5 RELATED CGRRE-POND-NCE ( D ISTR IBUTION CODE Co() 1 )

FOR ACTION: ASST DIR MOORE++LTR ONLY BR CHIEF REGAN~~W/ENCL PROJ I'IGR BAJWA~+W/ENCL LIC AS-T DUNCAN++W/ENCL

FOR INFO: VASSALLO+.'LTR ONLY(i) PARR++LTR ONLY(i) F'R INFO: MIN ONLY(i) RUSHBRGGK++LTR ONLY(1)

INTERNAL: cEG FI 4W/ENCL NRC PDR++IlfENCL '«~W/2 ENCL GELD-:«+LTR ONLY HAIMAUER+~W/ENCL DENTGN 4 MULLER++LTR ONLY ERN, T+-:«LTR ONLY ENVIRG SPEC BR+'«W/ENCL YGUNGBLGOD++W/ENCL GAI II IILL4-+W/2 ENCL VOLLI'IER++LTR ONLY BUNCH~'«W/ENCL J. COLLINS++II/ENCL KREGER++W/ENCL

EXTERNAL: LPDR S WILKES BARREi PA"«".«W/ENCL T IC~«+W/ENCL NS IC'«".«W/ENCL

LTR 27 ENCL 18 CONTROL NBR 7815 r(3 SIZE: 1P+3P

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MAY 33 197S

Mr. William H. Regan, Jr., Chief Docket Nos. 50-387 Environmental Projects Branch 3 50-388 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Mashington, DC 20555

SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION MISSING ER PAGES ER 100450 FILE 991-2 PLA-258

Dear Mr. Regan:

Attached are pages 11.1-2 and 11.2-2 which were inadvertently left blank in the original submittal of the Environmental Report — Operating License Stage for the Susquehanna SES. Please insert these pages in your copy.

Very truly yours,

N. W. Cur tis Vice President — Engineering and Construction

CTC:dah 2283

7@l~i+~01 l5

PENNSYLVANIA POWER 5 LIGHT COMPANY Qd+g )4 15 II@4

UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON,,O.C. 20555 DISTRIBUTION Dockets ENVIRON) June 1, l978 DSE Rea ing EP-2 Reading Docket No. ~0" 87 an -39E u can IIr. A1frdd C. Fox, Chief Division of Ecological Services Bureau of Sport, Fisheries and tlildl)fe U. S. Department of the Interior tlashington, D. C. 20NO Subject: Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (Susquehanna Steam Electric Station: Unit Nos. l and 2) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

I 0 Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction'Permit;

Notice of Consider'ation of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- , dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

AmeodmeatNo. to CPPR- or DRR- ', dated 2 Ouer: quehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Hectric Station".

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation,

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

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usn 1 044 ~ 41 l UNITED STATES DISTRIBUTION NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ~ockets ENVIRON) WASHINGTON, O.C, 20555 DSE Reading EP-2 Reading June 1978 1, SBagwa Docket No. 6 HDuncan a 0-388 r. Robert Ochinero, Director National Oceanograpliic Data Center Environmental Data Service- Hational Oceanic and Atmospheric ACainistration. U. S. Department of Comerce Subject: Qashington, Q C 2Q235 Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (Susquehanna Steam Electric Station,, Unit Nos. 1 and 2) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application,

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated 0 Satetp Evatuatton, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- , dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated a

Other: quehanna River ~II>I in the Vicfg) of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station".

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stateII

CC:

OFFICE Ie DSS: EP=.Z NDuncao dm SURNAMEIa

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CI'D D ZRrouT>ON oc e s E IIROH) DSE Reading UNITED STATES Ep-2 Reading NUGLEAR REGULAToRY coMMlssloN SQQwa WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555 tSuncan June 1, 1978 Docket No. 60- and 0-388 Dr. James T. Tanner Nationa> Bureau of Standards Reactor Building 235 Washington, D. C. 20234 subject.'' Pennsy'Ivan)a Power and Light Company (Susquehanna Steam Electr)c Stat)on, Unit thos. l and 2}

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR - o~rD W dated p],„other. Annual Re ort for 977 "Ecol o ica tudies of the Susquehanna

. River in the dict'.nit of the Sus uehanna Steam Elect c St tion".

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC: DSE:EP-2

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W UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DISTRIBUTION WASHINGTON, O.C. 20555 oct

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Q Construction Permit No. CPPR- , dated NPF- Q Facility Operating License No. DPR- , , dated

Amendment No. to CppR- or DRR- . dated

X oth«. Annual Re ort for 1977 "Ecolo ical Studies of th S squehanna River in the Vicinityof the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station".

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

oFFICE Io DSE:EP-2 NOuncan:dm

SURNAME do

OATE 5l3l/78 NRC-21 (6 j6) tf ~

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« UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, O.C. 20555 June 1, 1978 MSTRIBUTION oc ets ENVIRON) Docket, No. : an o 388 DSE Reading EP-2 Reading Chafttuan, Advfsory Commfotee on SBajwa Reactor Safeguards NDuncan U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission = klashington, 0. C. 20565 Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (Susquehanna Stean Electric Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safely Evaluation,'t Supplement No.. dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VOL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated Annual Re ort for l977,nEcolo ical Studies of the Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station".

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

'nclosures: As stated

CC:

OFFICE Im XnjeP 2. ldDuncan:@g SURNAME Se

Oat 5 931/28 NRc-21 I6 76) 11 4 4" 4}T

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114lT l b P~.fj I .+ 'T 4 1 0 UNITED STATES ljIUCLEARREGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555 DIS7RIfUTION Docket F le (ENVIRON) DSE Reading Docket No. QQ-3Q/ JUN 2 2 1978 EP-2 Reading and 50-388 SBcgtla Regional Health Physicist NDuncan U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 6th and }walnut Streets Philade1ph)a, Pennsylvania 19105 Pennsy1vania Potcer and Light Company (Susquehanna Steam E'}ectric Stat)on, Unit Hos. 1 and 2) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated

J Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, VOL

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR-, dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated II Other: nmental

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated 5o ~2 CC:

OFF lCE Io t}Duncan:dm SURNAME y

DATE 6/Zl/Z8 NRC-21 (6 76) I e )« ~ I

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DISTRIBUTION Docket No. 50-387 JUN 3 3 197/ ~ocket Fi]e (ENVIRON) and 50-388 DSE Reading EP-2 Reading Dr. James T. Tanner SBajwa National Bureau of Standards duncan Reactor Building 235 Washington, D., C. 20234 subject:, Pennsylvanaia Peter and Ught Company (Susquehanna Steam Hectnc Station, Unit Hos. 1 and 2)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated 0 Safety Evalnatlon, or Snpplemeot No., dated

'I LJ Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- ~ dated NPF- G Facility Operating License No. DPR- , , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated X oth«. Sus uehanna Steam E1ectric Stati n d

Honitorin Pro ram n

r Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

CC:

DFFICE p DSE:EP-2 MDuncan:dm SURNAME dp

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4 pr UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORYCOMMISSIOIttI DISCI SOT ION WASHINGTON, O.C. 20555 oc et File (ENVIRON) DSE Reading EP-2 Reading JUIII 2 Docket No. 50 387 2 tg78 SBajwa end 50-oS~ MDuncan Nr .Robert OcbInero, DIrector National Oceanographic Data Center Environmental Data Senice Hational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U. S. Department of Commerce subject: Washington, D. C. 20235 Pennsylvania Poher and Light Company (Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Unit Dos. I and 2) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted I'r your information:

C} Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safely Evaluation. or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- , dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR- . dated

Other: ye onmental ffonitorin Pro ram 1977 Annual Re ort.

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

cc:

DFPlcE I, DSB EP=2 HDuncan:dm SUIINAME Se

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atw * 1 «it(I UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, O,C. 20555 DJSTRIBUTION ~Docket File (ENVIRON) DSE Reading JUN Docket No. 50»387 2 2 ]918 EP-2 Reading and 50-388 =SBajwa tmr and Light Company (Susquehanna Steam E1ectric Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2) The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No., dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report, Vol.

Amendment No. to Application/SAR, dated

Construction Permit No. CPPR- , dated

Facility Operating License No. DPR- , NPF- , dated

Amendment, No. to CPPR- or DRR- . dated

Q O'ther SuS uehanna Steam E1 eCtri C Statipn Ra nmenta1

Itonitorin Pro ram 1977 Annual R o

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulatton

Enclosures: As stated RirLAII~2

, CC:

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J *Whar!I'ert» ~ a ,» A .U UNITED STATES -DT~;, TPU-70tt NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ocket Fi 1 e (ENVIRON), WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555 USE Reading EP-2 Reading Jut< 3 3 tgye SBajwa Docket No. 50-387 MDuncan and~388 Chairman, Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington.,D, C. 20555 subject: Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Unit Nos. 'I and 2)

The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information:

Notice of Receipt of Application.

Draft/Final Environmental Statement, dated Safety Evaluation, or Supplement No,, dated Notice of Hearing on Application for Construction Permit.

Notice of Consideration of'ssuance of Facility Operating License.

Application and Safety Analysis Report,

Pol.'mendment No. to Application/SAR, dated t

Construction Permit No. CPPR- . dated NPF- C] Facility Operating License No.*DPR- , , dated

Amendment No. to CPPR- or DRR-, dated t g] other..Sus uehanna Steam Electric Station Radiological Environmental Nonitorin Pro ram 19Tl Annual Re ort.

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosures: As stated

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OFFICE II. J)SE ZP M NDuncan:dm 6UANAME y

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