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Single-Family Residential Development in Dekalb County

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Single-Family Residential Development in Dekalb County Single-Family Residential Development DeKalb County, Georgia 1945-1970 Georgia State University Heritage Preservation Graduate Studies Program Professor Richard Laub Spring Semester 2010 P a g e | 2 History 8700: Case Studies in Historic Preservation REPORT AUTHORS Kimberly Burton Susan Conger Rebecca Crawford Elisa Graf Paul Graham Debye Harvey Nathan Jordan Courtney Lankford Molly Leatherman Elizabeth Morris Chris Mroczka Maysyly Naolu Zack Ray Luis Rodriguez Anthony Souther David Westbrook Caitlin Zygmont P a g e | 3 Acknowledgements This research project was conducted by graduate students in Georgia State University‘s Heritage Preservation Program. We are grateful to Professor Richard Laub for directing our efforts to understand the unprecedented expansion of suburban residential development in DeKalb County following World War II. The report is intended to assist the DeKalb History Center in increasing the public‘s appreciation and awareness of the need to preserve the cultural resources of the mid- twentieth century, and specifically the Ranch house which is emblematic of the period. We would like to especially thank Dr. Richard Cloues and Ms. Gretchen Brock of the Historic Preservation Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources for their support and assistance throughout the project and hope that the report will be useful for other communities across the state. Finally, the authors would like to express appreciation to the following individuals that providing information, photographs, and personal memories of DeKalb County during the mid- twentieth century. John Arndt, Cousins Properties, Inc., retired Tom Bearden, Northwoods resident Coni Binkley, Northwoods resident Sandra J. Boling Leslie Borger, DeKalb History Center Regina Brewer, Preservation Planner, City of Decatur Gretchen Brock, Historic Preservation Division, GA Department of Natural Resources Dr. Richard Cloues, Historic Preservation Division, GA Department of Natural Resources Dr. Robert M. Craig, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology Staci L. Catron, Director, Cherokee Garden Library, Atlanta History Center Julie Coco, New South Associates David Cullison, Senior Planner, Historic Preservation, DeKalb County Government Mark Davis, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution Trish England W.D. Farmer, F.A.I.B.D., Residence Designer, Inc. Melissa Forgey, DeKalb History Center Karen Gravel, AIA, Lord Aeck Sargeant Daniel Hall, DeKalb County Public Works, Sanitation Division Charles F. Huff, First National Bank of Atlanta, retired Alton Jones, Belvedere Gardens resident Earnest O. Mastin, AIA, Mastin Associates Architects Jeff Rader, DeKalb County Commissioner Mary Beth Reed, New South Associates Ray Jenkins, Mayor, City of Doraville Mary Jones, Northwoods resident J. W. Joseph, Ph.D., RPA, New South Associates Millie McFadden, Northwoods resident Annie Bell Mitchell, former resident of Lynwood Park Edward T. Mitchell, Mitchell-Johnson Building Supply P a g e | 4 Acknowledgements (Continued) Steven Moffson, Historic Preservation Division, GA Department of Natural Resources William E. Rhinehart, Deputy Chief Operating Officer, DeKalb County Government Dr. Leslie N. Sharp, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology Katherine Singley Frances Steele, Lynwood Park resident Patrick Sullivan, New South Associates Matt Tankersley, New South Associates Leonard Thibadeau, Thibadeau Co., Inc. John Thibadeau, Sr., Thibadeau-Burton Realtors Thies and Lindsay Wallace, Northwoods residents We also extend appreciation to ScanSouth, a division of Hartrampf, Inc. for binding services. Cover images: Mr. Tom Bearden, resident of the Northwoods subdivision in DeKalb County since 1951, with his daughter Ann Bearden Logan. Used by permission. P a g e | 5 Table of Contents REPORT AUTHORS ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Purpose, Methodology and Organization ................................................................................................. 8 Geographic Overview of Residential Development in DeKalb County 1941 -1970 .................................. 9 II. Post-World War II America: National Trends ......................................................................................... 10 Federal Housing and Transportation Initiatives ...................................................................................... 10 The Suburban Lifestyle ............................................................................................................................ 12 Residential Architecture in the Mid-Twentieth Century .................................................................... 13 Social and Cultural Influences on Suburban Housing Design.............................................................. 15 Landscape Design ................................................................................................................................ 17 III. Post-World War II DeKalb: “The American Dream” ............................................................................... 21 Developmental History ........................................................................................................................... 21 Politics and “Mr. DeKalb” ........................................................................................................................ 24 Infrastructure and Planning .................................................................................................................... 26 Transportation .................................................................................................................................... 26 Utilities ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Land Use .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Demographic Profile ............................................................................................................................... 46 The “Baby Boom” ................................................................................................................................ 48 “White Flight” and Urban Renewal ..................................................................................................... 50 Employment Patterns ......................................................................................................................... 54 IV. Suburban Residential Developments in DeKalb County after World War II ......................................... 56 Subdivision Design .................................................................................................................................. 56 Architecture ............................................................................................................................................ 57 The Players and the Process ................................................................................................................... 59 Developers, Builders and Bankers ...................................................................................................... 59 Architects and Designers .................................................................................................................... 61 Neighborhood Amenities: Civic Associations and Garden Clubs ........................................................... 66 House Type of Choice: “The Ranch” ....................................................................................................... 69 P a g e | 6 Statewide Trends ................................................................................................................................ 69 Massing, Construction, Design Details, and Interior Organization ..................................................... 69 Subtypes and Styles ............................................................................................................................ 71 Adaptations to DeKalb County ............................................................................................................ 71 V. Overview of Selected Subdivisions in DeKalb County ............................................................................ 72 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 72 Profiles: Location, Historical Development and Architecture ................................................................ 73 Briarpark Court .................................................................................................................................... 73 Carver Hills .......................................................................................................................................... 73 Chelsea Heights ................................................................................................................................... 74
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