DOCSLIB.ORG

Ovarian Cancer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ovarian Cancer 2 | Foundation for Women’s Cancer Introduction You and your family have learned of a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The amount of information you receive at the time of diagnosis can feel overwhelming. All at once, you may feel there are many unanswered questions, decisions to be made, and so much information to understand. It can be helpful to have friends and family with you when discussing your diagnosis and treatment. A team of health care professionals will work with you and your family throughout your treatment process. Each of them has an important job but the most vital member of the team is you. In order to play an active role during your treatment, you should try to learn as much as possible about ovarian cancer. This booklet will take you through the basics of what you need to know about ovarian cancer. It will introduce you to the people who may be part of your treatment team. Also, it will identify the different types of treatments for ovarian cancer. Hopefully, this information will help prepare you to talk with your treatment team and to feel more confident about your treatment plan. Ovarian Cancer: Your Guide | 3 Ovarian cancer: an overview Cancer occurs when cells in an area of the body grow abnormally. Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women. There are three types of ovarian cancer: epithelial ovarian cancer, germ cell cancer, and stromal cell cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most Equally rare, stromal cell cancer starts in common and accounts for 85% to the cells that produce female hormones 89% of ovarian cancers. It forms on and hold the ovarian tissues together. the surface of the ovary in the epithelial cells or from the fallopian tube. It Familial breast-ovarian cancer ranks fourth in cancer deaths among syndrome is a common inherited women and causes more deaths condition that causes 15–20% of all than any other cancer of the female ovarian cancers and 5–10% of all reproductive system. breast cancers. The association is so common that it is now recommended On the other hand, germ cell cancer that all women with epithelial ovarian is an uncommon form of ovarian cancer be tested for an inheritable cancer, accounting for only about 5% BRCA mutation. This has implications of ovarian cancers. Germ cell cancers for outcome, treatment, risk for breast start in the cells that form the eggs cancer, and risk for family members. in the ovaries. This cancer is usually However, the implications of testing found in adolescents and young are complex enough that consultation women, and usually affects only with a genetic counselor is helpful. one ovary. 4 | Foundation for Women’s Cancer Symptoms and diagnosis Historically, ovarian cancer was called These symptoms include fatigue, the “silent killer” because symptoms indigestion, back pain, pain with were not thought to develop until the intercourse, constipation, and chance of cure was poor. However, menstrual irregularities. However, these recent studies have shown this term is other symptoms are not as useful in untrue and that the following symptoms identifying ovarian cancer because are much more likely to occur in women they are also found in equal frequency with ovarian cancer than in women in in women in the general population the general population, even in patients who do not have ovarian cancer. an overview with early-stage disease. Medical evaluation These symptoms include: When a woman experiences • Bloating concerning symptoms, a pelvic exam, • Pelvic or abdominal pain including a rectovaginal exam, and • Difficulty eating or feeling a general physical exam should be full quickly performed. If the exam is abnormal, • Urinary symptoms women should undergo a transvaginal (urgency or frequency) or pelvic ultrasound to evaluate the ovaries, or a CT scan to look for Women with ovarian cancer report that distant disease. symptoms are persistent and represent a change from normal for their bodies. If the exam is adequate and normal, it The frequency and/or number of such is reasonable to wait 2 to 3 weeks to symptoms are key factors in the diagnosis see if the symptoms resolve. If they of ovarian cancer. Several studies show do not, then a transvaginal or pelvic that even early-stage ovarian cancer can ultrasound should be performed. If an produce these symptoms. abnormality of the ovaries is found, additional radiographic studies, Women who have these symptoms such as a CT scan or an MRI, and almost daily for more than a few weeks a blood test for CA 125 may be should see their doctor, preferably performed. CA 125 is elevated in a gynecologist. Prompt medical approximately 80% of women with evaluation may lead to detection advanced-stage epithelial ovarian at the earliest possible stage of cancer, but elevations can occur for the disease. Early-stage diagnosis reasons other than ovarian cancer. is associated with an improved For more information, please visit prognosis. Several other symptoms foundationforwomenscancer.org have been commonly reported by for a brochure entitled CA 125 Levels: women with ovarian cancer. Your Guide. Ovarian Cancer: Your Guide | 5 Working yourwith treatment team During your treatment, you will come in contact with many health care professionals. These people make up your treatment team. They will work with each other and you to provide the special care you need. Your treatment team may include some of the health care professionals listed below. Gynecologic oncologists are board- Women with ovarian cancer who have certified obstetrician- gynecologists their surgery done by a gynecologic who have an additional three to four oncologist have higher cure rates years of specialized training in treating than women who have surgery done gynecologic cancer from an American by another type of doctor. The better Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology- survival is related to the fact that approved fellowship program. A gynecologic oncologists are more likely gynecologic oncologist can manage to remove all of the cancer at the time of your care from diagnosis to surgery. Many gynecologic oncologists completion of treatment. will also plan and administer the chemotherapy program. To find a gynecologic oncologist in your area, log onto the Foundation for Women’s Cancer website (foundationforwomenscancer.org) and enter your zip code in the “Find a Gynecologic Oncologist” section. 6 | Foundation for Women’s Cancer You also may be treated by: Medical oncologist who specializes in Nutritionist or registered dietitian using drug therapy (chemotherapy) to who is an expert in helping you treat cancer. maintain or initiate healthy eating habits. This is important in the Radiation oncologist who specializes recovery process. These professionals in using radiation therapy to treat cancer. can help you overcome potential side effects of treatment such as poor Oncology nurse who specializes in appetite, nausea, or mouth sores. It is cancer care. An oncology nurse can important to note that natural remedies work with you on every aspect of your and supplements should be taken only care, from helping you understand your under the supervision of a naturopathic diagnosis and treatment to providing physician in consultation with your emotional and social support. gynecologic oncologist. Social worker who is professionally Talking with your team trained in counseling and practical You deserve expert advice and assistance, community support treatment from your treatment team. programs, home care, transportation, Be sure to talk openly about your medical assistance, insurance, and concerns with the members of your entitlement programs. Social workers treatment team. Let them know what is are very helpful advocates, especially important to you. If it is hard for you to when you are first diagnosed and speak for yourself, these tips may help: unsure about what to do next. • Make a list of questions before your visit. Ask the most important Patient navigator who educates questions first. patients about the disease and serves • Take notes or ask if you can tape- as an advocate on behalf of the patient record your medical office visits and and her caregivers throughout cancer phone conversations. treatment. • If you don’t understand something, Clinical trial/research nurse if you are ask the treatment team member to participating in a clinical trial. Clinical explain it again in a different way. trials are necessary for finding new • If possible, bring another person with treatments and improving patient care. you when you meet with members of Clinical trial nurses play a key role in your treatment team to discuss test this research by ensuring patients’ results and treatment options. safety and offering support throughout • Be truthful in reporting how you feel the research study. and any side effects. Ovarian Cancer: Your Guide | 7 Surgical staging When ovarian cancer is diagnosed, it is vital to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the ovaries. Your treatment team may do more tests to determine this. In addition, during surgery, certain additional steps should be performed to determine the extent of the disease. This process is called staging. Staging helps to determine the exact extent of your cancer and what treatment plan is best for you. Following surgery, your cancer will be It is important that your surgery categorized into Stage I, II, III, or IV, be performed by a gynecologic illustrated on the following page. The oncologist, a physician with special cancer will also be assigned a grade. training in the care of women’s Grade refers to how abnormal the reproductive cancers. Studies show cells appear under a microscope. Low that patients treated by gynecologic grade tumors, also called grade 1, have oncologists at high-volume centers features that resemble normal ovarian have improved outcomes. cells. In contrast, in high grade tumors (grade 3) the microscopic appearance is greatly altered from normal.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medical Oncology and Breast Cancer
    The Breast Center Smilow Cancer Hospital 20 York Street, North Pavilion New Haven, CT 06510 Phone: (203) 200-2328 Fax: (203) 200-2075 MEDICAL ONCOLOGY Treatment for breast cancer is multidisciplinary. The primary physicians with whom you may meet as part of your care are the medical oncologist, the breast surgeon, and often the radiation oncologist. A list of these specialty physicians will be provided to you. Each provider works with a team of caregivers to ensure that every patient receives high quality, personalized, breast cancer care. The medical oncologist specializes in “systemic therapy”, or medications that treat the whole body. For women with early stage breast cancer, systemic therapy is often recommended to provide the best opportunity to prevent breast cancer from returning. SYSTEMIC THERAPY Depending on the specific characteristics of your cancer, your medical oncologist may prescribe systemic therapy. Systemic therapy can be hormone pills, IV chemotherapy, antibody therapy (also called “immunotherapy”), and oral chemotherapy; sometimes patients receive more than one type of systemic therapy. Systemic therapy can happen before surgery (called “neoadjuvant therapy”) or after surgery (“adjuvant therapy”). If appropriate, your breast surgeon and medical oncologist will discuss the benefits of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy with you. As a National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Member Institution, we are dedicated to following the treatment guidelines that have been shown to be most effective. We also have a variety of clinical trials that will help us find better ways to treat breast cancer. Your medical oncologist will recommend what treatment types and regimens are best for you. The information used to make these decisions include: the location of the cancer, the size of the cancer, the type of cancer, whether the cancer is invasive, the grade of the cancer (a measure of its aggressiveness), prognostic factors such as hormone receptors and HER2 status, and lymph node involvement.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure to Carcinogens and Work-Related Cancer: a Review of Assessment Methods
    European Agency for Safety and Health at Work ISSN: 1831-9343 Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer: A review of assessment methods European Risk Observatory Report Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer: A review of assessment measures Authors: Dr Lothar Lißner, Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE GmbH Mr Klaus Kuhl (task leader), Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE GmbH Dr Timo Kauppinen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Ms Sanni Uuksulainen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Cross-checker: Professor Ulla B. Vogel from the National Working Environment Research Centre in Denmark Project management: Dr Elke Schneider - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers, or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet ( 48TU http://europa.euU48T). Cataloguing data can be found on the cover of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN: 978-92-9240-500-7 doi: 10.2802/33336 Cover pictures: (clockwise): Anthony Jay Villalon (Fotolia); ©Roman Milert (Fotolia); ©Simona Palijanskaite; ©Kari Rissa © European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work – EU-OSHA 1 Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer:
    [Show full text]
  • Ovarian Cancer and Cervical Cancer
    What Every Woman Should Know About Gynecologic Cancer R. Kevin Reynolds, MD The George W. Morley Professor & Chief, Division of Gyn Oncology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI What is gynecologic cancer? Cancer is a disease where cells grow and spread without control. Gynecologic cancers begin in the female reproductive organs. The most common gynecologic cancers are endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. Less common gynecologic cancers involve vulva, Fallopian tube, uterine wall (sarcoma), vagina, and placenta (pregnancy tissue: molar pregnancy). Ovary Uterus Endometrium Cervix Vagina Vulva What causes endometrial cancer? Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer: one out of every 40 women will develop endometrial cancer. It is caused by too much estrogen, a hormone normally present in women. The most common cause of the excess estrogen is being overweight: fat cells actually produce estrogen. Another cause of excess estrogen is medication such as tamoxifen (often prescribed for breast cancer treatment) or some forms of prescribed estrogen hormone therapy (unopposed estrogen). How is endometrial cancer detected? Almost all endometrial cancer is detected when a woman notices vaginal bleeding after her menopause or irregular bleeding before her menopause. If bleeding occurs, a woman should contact her doctor so that appropriate testing can be performed. This usually includes an endometrial biopsy, a brief, slightly crampy test, performed in the office. Fortunately, most endometrial cancers are detected before spread to other parts of the body occurs Is endometrial cancer treatable? Yes! Most women with endometrial cancer will undergo surgery including hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) in addition to removal of ovaries and lymph nodes.
    [Show full text]
  • About Ovarian Cancer Overview and Types
    cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 About Ovarian Cancer Overview and Types If you have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer or are worried about it, you likely have a lot of questions. Learning some basics is a good place to start. ● What Is Ovarian Cancer? Research and Statistics See the latest estimates for new cases of ovarian cancer and deaths in the US and what research is currently being done. ● Key Statistics for Ovarian Cancer ● What's New in Ovarian Cancer Research? What Is Ovarian Cancer? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer and can spread. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?1 Ovarian cancers were previously believed to begin only in the ovaries, but recent evidence suggests that many ovarian cancers may actually start in the cells in the far (distal) end of the fallopian tubes. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 What are the ovaries? Ovaries are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs travel from the ovaries through the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg settles in and develops into a fetus. The ovaries are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus. The ovaries are mainly made up of 3 kinds of cells. Each type of cell can develop into a different type of tumor: ● Epithelial tumors start from the cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary.
    [Show full text]
  • Primary Screening for Breast Cancer with Conventional Mammography: Clinical Summary
    Primary Screening for Breast Cancer With Conventional Mammography: Clinical Summary Population Women aged 40 to 49 y Women aged 50 to 74 y Women aged ≥75 y The decision to start screening should be No recommendation. Recommendation Screen every 2 years. an individual one. Grade: I statement Grade: B Grade: C (insufficient evidence) These recommendations apply to asymptomatic women aged ≥40 y who do not have preexisting breast cancer or a previously diagnosed high-risk breast lesion and who are not at high risk for breast cancer because of a known underlying genetic mutation Risk Assessment (such as a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation or other familial breast cancer syndrome) or a history of chest radiation at a young age. Increasing age is the most important risk factor for most women. Conventional digital mammography has essentially replaced film mammography as the primary method for breast cancer screening Screening Tests in the United States. Conventional digital screening mammography has about the same diagnostic accuracy as film overall, although digital screening seems to have comparatively higher sensitivity but the same or lower specificity in women age <50 y. For women who are at average risk for breast cancer, most of the benefit of mammography results from biennial screening during Starting and ages 50 to 74 y. While screening mammography in women aged 40 to 49 y may reduce the risk for breast cancer death, the Stopping Ages number of deaths averted is smaller than that in older women and the number of false-positive results and unnecessary biopsies is larger. The balance of benefits and harms is likely to improve as women move from their early to late 40s.
    [Show full text]
  • Photodynamic Therapy for Gynecological Diseases and Breast Cancer
    CancCancerer Biol Med 2012;2012 /9: Vol. 9-17 9 /doi: No. 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3941.2012.1 01.002 9 Review Photodynamic Therapy for Gynecological Diseases and Breast Cancer Natashis Shishkova, Olga Kuznetsova, Temirbolat Berezov Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia ABSTRACT Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive and promising new method in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by the tissue-localized non-toxic sensitizer upon illumination and in the presence of oxygen. Thus, selective destruction of a targeted tumor may be achieved. Compared with traditional cancer treatment, PDI has advantages including higher selectivity and lower rate of toxicity. The high degree of selectivity of the proposed method was applied to cancer diagnosis using fluorescence. This article reviews previous studies done on PDT treatment and photodetection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, ovarian and breast cancer, and PDT application in treating non-cancer lesions. The article also highlights the clinical responses to PDT, and discusses the possibility of enhancing treatment efficacy by combination with immunotherapy and targeted therapy. KEY WORDS: photodynamic therapy, photosensitizers, cervical/vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, ovarian neoplasms, breast neoplasms Introduction frequently used drug in PDT is 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). However, 5-ALA is not a photosensitizer, but a precursor of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a mode of therapy used in the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX, which is cancer treatment where drug activity is locally controlled by a member of the heme synthesis pathway that occurs in the light (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • What Is New on Ovarian Carcinoma
    diagnostics Review What Is New on Ovarian Carcinoma: Integrated Morphologic and Molecular Analysis Following the New 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tumors Antonio De Leo 1,2,3,*,† , Donatella Santini 3,4,† , Claudio Ceccarelli 1,3, Giacomo Santandrea 5 , Andrea Palicelli 5 , Giorgia Acquaviva 1,2, Federico Chiarucci 1,2 , Francesca Rosini 4, Gloria Ravegnini 3,6 , Annalisa Pession 2,6, Daniela Turchetti 3,7, Claudio Zamagni 8, Anna Myriam Perrone 3,9 , Pierandrea De Iaco 3,9, Giovanni Tallini 1,2,3,‡ and Dario de Biase 2,3,6,‡ 1 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (G.A.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (G.T.) 2 Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna/Azienda USL di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (D.d.B.) 3 Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (G.R.); [email protected] (D.T.); [email protected] (A.M.P.); [email protected] (P.D.I.) 4 Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 5 Citation: De Leo, A.; Santini, D.; Pathology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Ceccarelli, C.; Santandrea, G.; [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (A.P.) 6 Palicelli, A.; Acquaviva, G.; Chiarucci, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy 7 Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, F.; Rosini, F.; Ravegnini, G.; Pession, 40138 Bologna, Italy A.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm Coding Manual
    Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm Coding Manual Effective with Cases Diagnosed 1/1/2010 and Forward Published August 2021 Editors: Jennifer Ruhl, MSHCA, RHIT, CCS, CTR, NCI SEER Margaret (Peggy) Adamo, BS, AAS, RHIT, CTR, NCI SEER Lois Dickie, CTR, NCI SEER Serban Negoita, MD, PhD, CTR, NCI SEER Suggested citation: Ruhl J, Adamo M, Dickie L., Negoita, S. (August 2021). Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm Coding Manual. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2021. Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm Coding Manual 1 In Appreciation NCI SEER gratefully acknowledges the dedicated work of Drs, Charles Platz and Graca Dores since the inception of the Hematopoietic project. They continue to provide support. We deeply appreciate their willingness to serve as advisors for the rules within this manual. The quality of this Hematopoietic project is directly related to their commitment. NCI SEER would also like to acknowledge the following individuals who provided input on the manual and/or the database. Their contributions are greatly appreciated. • Carolyn Callaghan, CTR (SEER Seattle Registry) • Tiffany Janes, CTR (SEER Seattle Registry) We would also like to give a special thanks to the following individuals at Information Management Services, Inc. (IMS) who provide us with document support and web development. • Suzanne Adams, BS, CTR • Ginger Carter, BA • Sean Brennan, BS • Paul Stephenson, BS • Jacob Tomlinson, BS Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm Coding Manual 2 Dedication The Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm Coding Manual (Heme manual) and the companion Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm Database (Heme DB) are dedicated to the hard-working cancer registrars across the world who meticulously identify, abstract, and code cancer data.
    [Show full text]
  • ASCO Answers: Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer
    Ovarian, Fallopian Tube & Peritoneal Cancer What are ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers? The term “ovarian cancer” is often used to describe cancers that begin in the cells in the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum. These types of cancer begin when healthy cells in these areas change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. Research suggests that high-grade serous cancer, which includes most ovarian cancer, usually starts in the fallopian tubes. Some peritoneal cancers also may begin in the fallopian tube. What are the functions of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and peritoneum? The ovaries and fallopian tubes are part of a woman’s reproductive system. Typically, every woman has 2 ovaries, which contain eggs and are the primary source of estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play a role in breast growth, body shape, body hair, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy. ONCOLOGY. CLINICAL AMERICAN SOCIETY OF 2004 © LLC. EXPLANATIONS, MORREALE/VISUAL ROBERT BY ILLUSTRATION There are 2 fallopian tubes, which are small ducts that link the ovaries to the uterus. During a woman’s monthly ovulation, an egg is usually released from 1 ovary and travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. The peritoneum is a tissue that lines the abdomen and most of the organs in the abdomen. What do stage and grade mean? Staging is a way of describing a cancer’s location, if or where it has spread, and whether it is affecting other parts of the body. There are 4 stages for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer: stages I through IV (1 through 4).
    [Show full text]
  • Cancer-Related Terminology Used by a Healthcare Team
    FEATURE IJPC GLossary OF THE MOST COMMON CANCER-RELated TERMINOLOGY USED BY A HEALthcare TEAM ADRENAL GLAND: Two glands, located near the kidneys, CANCER: A general term for more than 100 diseases in which ab- which produce hormones that control metabolism, fluid balance, normal cells grow out of control. Also used to refer to a malignant and blood pressure. They also produce small amounts of “male” (cancerous) tumor. hormones (androgens) and “female” hormones (estrogens and progesterone). CARCINOGEN: Any substance that causes cancer or helps cancer grow (e.g., tobacco smoke contains many carcinogens that greatly ADVANCED cancer: A general term describing later stages increase the risk of lung cancer) of cancer (usually stage 3 or 4) in which the disease has spread from the primary site (where it started) to other parts of the body. Catheter: A thin, flexible tube used to introduce fluids into the When the cancer has spread only to nearby areas, it is called locally body or to remove fluids from the body advanced. If it has spread to distant parts of the body, it is called metastatic. CELL: The basic unit of which all living things are made. Cells re- place themselves by dividing and forming new cells. The processes ALOPECIA: Hair loss, usually temporary. This is a side effect of that control the formation of new cells and the death of old cells are some chemotherapy drugs or radiation. disrupted in cancer. ANEMIA: Having too few red blood cells (“low blood”). This may CENTRAL VENOUS catheter (CVC): A special thin, flex- be a complication of the cancer or a side effect of treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Facts & Figures 2019-2021
    Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2019-2021 Estimated Numbers of Cancer Survivors by State as of January 1, 2019 WA 386,540 NH MT VT 84,080 ME ND 95,540 59,970 38,430 34,360 OR MN 213,620 300,980 MA ID 434,230 77,860 SD WI NY 42,810 313,370 1,105,550 WY MI 33,310 RI 570,760 67,900 IA PA NE CT 243,410 NV 185,720 771,120 108,500 OH 132,950 NJ 543,190 UT IL IN 581,350 115,840 651,810 296,940 DE 55,460 CA CO WV 225,470 1,888,480 KS 117,070 VA MO MD 275,420 151,950 408,060 300,200 KY 254,780 DC 18,750 NC TN 470,120 AZ OK 326,530 NM 207,260 AR 392,530 111,620 SC 143,320 280,890 GA AL MS 446,900 135,260 244,320 TX 1,140,170 LA 232,100 AK 36,550 FL 1,482,090 US 16,920,370 HI 84,960 States estimates do not sum to US total due to rounding. Source: Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute. Contents Introduction 1 Long-term Survivorship 24 Who Are Cancer Survivors? 1 Quality of Life 24 How Many People Have a History of Cancer? 2 Financial Hardship among Cancer Survivors 26 Cancer Treatment and Common Side Effects 4 Regaining and Improving Health through Healthy Behaviors 26 Cancer Survival and Access to Care 5 Concerns of Caregivers and Families 28 Selected Cancers 6 The Future of Cancer Survivorship in Breast (Female) 6 the United States 28 Cancers in Children and Adolescents 9 The American Cancer Society 30 Colon and Rectum 10 How the American Cancer Society Saves Lives 30 Leukemia and Lymphoma 12 Research 34 Lung and Bronchus 15 Advocacy 34 Melanoma of the Skin 16 Prostate 16 Sources of Statistics 36 Testis 17 References 37 Thyroid 19 Acknowledgments 45 Urinary Bladder 19 Uterine Corpus 21 Navigating the Cancer Experience: Treatment and Supportive Care 22 Making Decisions about Cancer Care 22 Cancer Rehabilitation 22 Psychosocial Care 23 Palliative Care 23 Transitioning to Long-term Survivorship 23 This publication attempts to summarize current scientific information about Global Headquarters: American Cancer Society Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Science Breast Cancer Fact Sheet
    Patient Version Breast Cancer Fact Sheet About Breast Cancer Breast cancer can start in any area of the breast. In the US, breast cancer is the most common cancer (after skin cancer) and the second-leading cause of cancer death (after lung cancer) in women. Risk Factors Risk factors for breast cancer that you cannot change Lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer include: • Drinking alcohol Being born female • Being overweight or obese, especially after menopause This is the main risk factor for breast cancer. But men can get breast cancer, too. • Not being physically active Getting older • Getting hormone therapy after menopause with As a person gets older, their risk of breast cancer estrogen and progesterone therapy goes up. Most breast cancers are found in women • Starting menstruation early or having late menopause age 55 or older. • Never having children or having first live birth after Personal or family history age 30 A woman who has had breast cancer in the past or has a • Using certain types of birth control close blood relative who has had breast cancer (mother, • Having a history of non-cancerous breast conditions father, sister, brother, daughter) has a higher risk of getting it. Having more than one close blood relative increases the risk even more. It’s important to know that Prevention most women with breast cancer don’t have a close blood There is no sure way to prevent breast cancer, and relative with the disease. some risk factors can’t be changed, such as being born female, age, race, and personal or family history of the Inheriting gene changes disease.
    [Show full text]