Atheris Nitschei Tornier 1902, from Kivu, Zaire in April 1981, with Notes on Its Venom and Other Bites
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Molecular Characterization of Three Novel Phospholipase A2 Proteins from the Venom of Atheris Chlorechis, Atheris Nitschei and Atheris Squamigera
toxins Article Molecular Characterization of Three Novel Phospholipase A2 Proteins from the Venom of Atheris chlorechis, Atheris nitschei and Atheris squamigera He Wang 1,*, Xiaole Chen 2,*, Mei Zhou 3, Lei Wang 3, Tianbao Chen 3 and Chris Shaw 3 1 School of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Qiu Yang Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China 2 School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China 3 Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (C.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (X.C.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-1151 (H.W.); +86-591-2286-2692 (X.C.) Academic Editor: Bryan Grieg Fry Received: 24 February 2016; Accepted: 20 May 2016; Published: 1 June 2016 Abstract: Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is known as a major component of snake venoms and displays higher-order catalytic hydrolysis functions as well as a wide range of pathological effects. Atheris is not a notoriously dangerous genus of snakes although there are some reports of fatal cases after envenomation due to the effects of coagulation disturbances and hemorrhaging. Molecular characterization of Atheris venom enzymes is incomplete and there are only a few reports in the literature. Here, we report, for the first time, the cloning and characterization of three novel cDNAs encoding phospholipase A2 precursors (one each) from the venoms of the Western bush viper (Atheris chlorechis), the Great Lakes bush viper (Atheris nitschei) and the Variable bush viper (Atheris squamigera), using a “shotgun cloning” strategy. -
Nyika and Vwaza Reptiles & Amphibians Checklist
LIST OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF NYIKA NATIONAL PARK AND VWAZA MARSH WILDLIFE RESERVE This checklist of all reptile and amphibian species recorded from the Nyika National Park and immediate surrounds (both in Malawi and Zambia) and from the Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve was compiled by Dr Donald Broadley of the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, in November 2013. It is arranged in zoological order by scientific name; common names are given in brackets. The notes indicate where are the records are from. Endemic species (that is species only known from this area) are indicated by an E before the scientific name. Further details of names and the sources of the records are available on request from the Nyika Vwaza Trust Secretariat. REPTILES TORTOISES & TERRAPINS Family Pelomedusidae Pelusios rhodesianus (Variable Hinged Terrapin) Vwaza LIZARDS Family Agamidae Acanthocercus branchi (Branch's Tree Agama) Nyika Agama kirkii kirkii (Kirk's Rock Agama) Vwaza Agama armata (Eastern Spiny Agama) Nyika Family Chamaeleonidae Rhampholeon nchisiensis (Nchisi Pygmy Chameleon) Nyika Chamaeleo dilepis (Common Flap-necked Chameleon) Nyika(Nchenachena), Vwaza Trioceros goetzei nyikae (Nyika Whistling Chameleon) Nyika(Nchenachena) Trioceros incornutus (Ukinga Hornless Chameleon) Nyika Family Gekkonidae Lygodactylus angularis (Angle-throated Dwarf Gecko) Nyika Lygodactylus capensis (Cape Dwarf Gecko) Nyika(Nchenachena), Vwaza Hemidactylus mabouia (Tropical House Gecko) Nyika Family Scincidae Trachylepis varia (Variable Skink) Nyika, -
Atheris Squamigera
Atheris squamigera Atheris squamigera (common names: green bush viper,[2][3] variable bush viper,[4][5] leaf viper,[5] and others) is a venomous viper species endemic to west and central Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.[6] Description A. squamigera grows to an average total length (body + tail) of 46 to 60 cm (about 18 to 24 inches), with a maximum total length that sometimes exceeds 78 cm (about 31 inches). Females are usually larger than males.[2] Scientific Classification The head is broad and flat, distinct from the neck. The mouth has a very large gape. The head is thickly covered with keeled, imbricate scales. Kingdom: Anamalia The rostral scale is not visible from above. A very small scale just above Phylum: Cordata the rostral is flanked by very large scales on either side. The nostrils are Class: Reptilia lateral. The eye and the nasal are separated by 2 scales. Across the top of Order: Squamata the head, there are 7 to 9 interorbital scales. There are 10 to 18 circumorbital scales. There are 2 (rarely 1 or more than 2) rows of Suborder: Serpentes scales that separate the eyes from the labials. There are 9 to Family: viperidae 12 supralabials and 9 to 12 sublabials. Of the latter, the anterior 2 or 3 Genus: Atheris touch the chin shields, of which there is only one small pair. The gular [2] Subgenus: A. squamigera scales are keeled. Midbody there are 15 to 23 rows of dorsal scales, 11 to 17 posteriorly. Binomial Name There are 152 to 175 ventral scales and 45 to 67 undivided subcaudals. -
Inclusion in Appendix II, Bush Viper
Original language: English and French CoP17 Prop. XX CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September - 5 October 2016 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Inclusion of the Mt. Kenya Bush Viper Atheris desaixi in Appendix II in accordance with Article II, paragraph 2 (a), of the Convention and Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP16), Annex 2 a. B. Proponent Kenya C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1. Class: Reptilia 1.2. Order: Squamata 1.3. Family: Viperidae 1.4. Genus and species: Atheris desaixi (Ashe, 1968) 1.5. Scientific synonyms: None 1.6. Common names: English Mt. Kenya Bush Viper, Ashe’s Viper 1.7. Code number: Not applicable 2. Overview This proposal seeks to list Mt Kenya bush viper in CITES Appendix to help regulate trade and enhance enforcement for its conservation. Mt. Kenya Bush viper is endemic to Kenya and has a restricted range in mid-attitude forests in central Kenya. The species is reported to be in decline in its known sites to the extent of depletion as a result of habitat degradation and illegal collection. Natural densities are very low and census is very difficult to carry out. No meaningful monitoring of trade is possible without a CITES listing and no records exist as all the trade is illegal. There is evidence of international live trade to meet demands for zoos and private collections mainly in CoP17 Prop. XX – p. 1 Europe and USA. -
Zimbabwe Zambia Malawi Species Checklist Africa Vegetation Map
ZIMBABWE ZAMBIA MALAWI SPECIES CHECKLIST AFRICA VEGETATION MAP BIOMES DeserT (Namib; Sahara; Danakil) Semi-deserT (Karoo; Sahel; Chalbi) Arid SAvannah (Kalahari; Masai Steppe; Ogaden) Grassland (Highveld; Abyssinian) SEYCHELLES Mediterranean SCruB / Fynbos East AFrican Coastal FOrest & SCruB DrY Woodland (including Mopane) Moist woodland (including Miombo) Tropical Rainforest (Congo Basin; upper Guinea) AFrO-Montane FOrest & Grassland (Drakensberg; Nyika; Albertine rift; Abyssinian Highlands) Granitic Indian Ocean IslandS (Seychelles) INTRODUCTION The idea of this booklet is to enable you, as a Wilderness guest, to keep a detailed record of the mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians that you observe during your travels. It also serves as a compact record of your African journey for future reference that hopefully sparks interest in other wildlife spheres when you return home or when travelling elsewhere on our fragile planet. Although always exciting to see, especially for the first-time Africa visitor, once you move beyond the cliché of the ‘Big Five’ you will soon realise that our wilderness areas offer much more than certain flagship animal species. Africa’s large mammals are certainly a big attraction that one never tires of, but it’s often the smaller mammals, diverse birdlife and incredible reptiles that draw one back again and again for another unparalleled visit. Seeing a breeding herd of elephant for instance will always be special but there is a certain thrill in seeing a Lichtenstein’s hartebeest, cheetah or a Lilian’s lovebird – to name but a few. As a globally discerning traveller, look beyond the obvious, and challenge yourself to learn as much about all wildlife aspects and the ecosystems through which you will travel on your safari. -
Venomous Snakes of the Horn of Africa
VENOMOUS SNAKES OF THE HORN OF AFRICA Venomous Snake Identification Burrowing Asps Boomslang, Vine and Tree Snakes Snakebite Prevention Behavior: Venomous snakes are found throughout the Horn of Africa. Assume that any snake you encounter is venomous. Leave Long, Flattened Head, Round Fixed Front Smooth Long, Cylindrical Behavior: Burrowing asps spend the majority of time underground in burrows under stones, concrete slabs, logs, snakes alone. Many people are bitten because they try to kill a snake or get a closer look at it. Slightly Distinct from Neck Pupils Fangs Scales Body, Thin Tail They are active during both the daytime and nighttime. or wooden planks. 5-8 feet in length They live in trees and feed on bats, birds, and lizards. They are active on the surface only during the nighttime hours or after heavy rains flood their burrows. They are not aggressive: will quickly flee to nearest tree or bush if surprised on ground. Snakebites occur most often: MAMBAS They feed on small reptiles and rodents found in holes or underground. They do not climb. When molested, they inflate their bodies or necks as threat posture before biting. After rainstorms that follow long, dry spells or after rains in desert areas. Dendroaspis spp. SAVANNA VINE They are not aggressive: bites usually occur at night when snakes are stepped on accidentally. SNAKE During the half-hour before total darkness and the first two hours after dark. Habitats: Trees next to caves, coastal bush and reeds, tropical forests, open savannas, Thelotornis Habitats: Burrows in sand or soft soil, semi-desert areas, woodlands, and savannas. -
The Herpetological Journal
Volume 8, Number 3 July 1998 ISSN 0268-0130 THE HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL Published by the Indexed in BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Current Contents Th e Herpetological Jo urnal is published quarterly by the British Herpetological Society and is issued freeto members. Articles are listed in Current Awareness in Biological Sciences, Current Contents, Science Citation Index and Zoological Record. Applications to purchase copies and/or for details of membership should be made to the Hon. Secretary, British Herpetological Society, The Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NWl 4RY, UK. Instructions to authors are printed inside the back cover. All contributions should be addressed to the Editor (address below). Editor: Richard A. Griffiths, The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK Associate Editor: Leigh Gillett Editorial Board: Pim Arntzen (Oporto) Donald Broadley (Zimbabwe) John Cooper (Wellingborough) John Davenport (Millport) Andrew Gardner (Oman) Tim Halliday (Milton Keynes) Michael Klemens (New York) Colin McCarthy (London) Andrew Milner (London) Henk Strijbosch (Nijmegen) Richard Tinsley (Bristol) BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Copyright It is a fundamental condition that submitted manuscripts have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is transferred to the publisher if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints and photographic reproductions. Permission for any such activities must be sought in advance from the Editor. ADVERTISEMENTS The Herpetological Journal accepts advertisements subject to approval of contents by the Editor, to whom enquiries should be addressed. -
Australasian Journal of Herpetology ISSN 1836-5698 (Print)1 Issue 12, 30 April 2012 ISSN 1836-5779 (Online) Australasian Journal of Herpetology
Australasian Journal of Herpetology ISSN 1836-5698 (Print)1 Issue 12, 30 April 2012 ISSN 1836-5779 (Online) Australasian Journal of Herpetology Hoser 2012 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 9:1-64. Available online at www.herp.net Contents on pageCopyright- 2. Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 2 Australasian Journal of Herpetology Issue 12, 30 April 2012 Australasian Journal of Herpetology CONTENTS ISSN 1836-5698 (Print) ISSN 1836-5779 (Online) A New Genus of Coral Snake from Japan (Serpentes:Elapidae). Raymond T. Hoser, 3-5. A revision of the Asian Pitvipers, referred to the genus Cryptelytrops Cope, 1860, with the creation of a new genus Adelynhoserea to accommodate six divergent species (Serpentes:Viperidae:Crotalinae). Raymond T. Hoser, 6-8. A division of the South-east Asian Ratsnake genus Coelognathus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Raymond T. Hoser, 9-11. A new genus of Asian Snail-eating Snake (Serpentes:Pareatidae). Raymond T. Hoser, 10-12-15. The dissolution of the genus Rhadinophis Vogt, 1922 (Sepentes:Colubrinae). Raymond T. Hoser, 16-17. Three new species of Stegonotus from New Guinea (Serpentes: Colubridae). Raymond T. Hoser, 18-22. A new genus and new subgenus of snakes from the South African region (Serpentes: Colubridae). Raymond T. Hoser, 23-25. A division of the African Genus Psammophis Boie, 1825 into 4 genera and four further subgenera (Serpentes: Psammophiinae). Raymond T. Hoser, 26-31. A division of the African Tree Viper genus Atheris Cope, 1860 into four subgenera (Serpentes:Viperidae). Raymond T. Hoser, 32-35. A new Subgenus of Giant Snakes (Anaconda) from South America (Serpentes: Boidae). Raymond T. Hoser, 36-39. -
A Division of the African Tree Viper Genus Atheris Cope, 1860 Into Four Subgenera (Serpentes:Viperidae)
32 Australasian Journal of Herpetology Australasian Journal of Herpetology 12:32-35. ISSN 1836-5698 (Print) ISSN 1836-5779 (Online) Published 30 April 2012. A division of the African Tree Viper genus Atheris Cope, 1860 into four subgenera (Serpentes:Viperidae). Raymond T. Hoser 488 Park Road, Park Orchards, Victoria, 3114, Australia. Phone: +61 3 9812 3322 Fax: 9812 3355 E-mail: [email protected] Received 15 February 2012, Accepted 2 April 2012, Published 30 April 2012. ABSTRACT The African Tree Viper genus Atheris has been of interest to taxonomists in recent years. Significant was the removal of the species superciliaris to the newly created monotypic genus Proatheris and the species hindii to the monotypic genus Montatheris both by Broadley in 1996 gaining widespread acceptance. Marx and Rabb (1965), erected a monotypic genus Adenorhinos for the species barbouri, but this designation has not gained widespread support from other herpetologists, with a number of recent classifications continuing to place the taxon within Atheris (e.g. Menegon et. al. 2011). Phylogenetic studies of the genus Atheris senso lato using molecular methods (e.g. Pyron et. al. 2011) have upheld the validity of the creation of the monotypic genera Proatheris and Montatheris by Broadley. These studies have also shown there to be at least four well-defined groups of species within the genus Atheris as recognized in early 2012, though not as divergent as seen for the snakes placed within Proatheris and Montatheris. As a result, the genus is now subdivided into subgenera using available names for three, with the fourth one being named Woolfvipera subgen. -
Systematics of Collared Snakes and Burrowing Asps (Aparallactinae
University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2017-01-01 Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (squamata: Lamprophiidae) Francisco Portillo University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Portillo, Francisco, "Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (squamata: Lamprophiidae)" (2017). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 731. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/731 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS OF COLLARED SNAKES AND BURROWING ASPS (APARALLACTINAE AND ATRACTASPIDINAE) (SQUAMATA: LAMPROPHIIDAE) FRANCISCO PORTILLO, BS, MS Doctoral Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology APPROVED: Eli Greenbaum, Ph.D., Chair Carl Lieb, Ph.D. Michael Moody, Ph.D. Richard Langford, Ph.D. Charles H. Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Francisco Portillo 2017 SYSTEMATICS OF COLLARED SNAKES AND BURROWING ASPS (APARALLACTINAE AND ATRACTASPIDINAE) (SQUAMATA: LAMPROPHIIDAE) by FRANCISCO PORTILLO, BS, MS DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Biological Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO May 2017 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank my family for their love and support throughout my life. I am very grateful to my lovely wife, who has been extremely supportive, motivational, and patient, as I have progressed through graduate school. -
Vital but Vulnerable: Climate Change Vulnerability and Human Use of Wildlife in Africa’S Albertine Rift
Vital but vulnerable: Climate change vulnerability and human use of wildlife in Africa’s Albertine Rift J.A. Carr, W.E. Outhwaite, G.L. Goodman, T.E.E. Oldfield and W.B. Foden Occasional Paper for the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 48 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the compilers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2013 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Carr, J.A., Outhwaite, W.E., Goodman, G.L., Oldfield, T.E.E. and Foden, W.B. 2013. Vital but vulnerable: Climate change vulnerability and human use of wildlife in Africa’s Albertine Rift. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 48. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xii + 224pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1591-9 Front cover: A Burundian fisherman makes a good catch. © R. Allgayer and A. Sapoli. Back cover: © T. Knowles Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Publications Services Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0020 [email protected] www.iucn.org/publications Also available at http://www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/SSC-OP-048.pdf About IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. -
RSPO NOTIFICATION of PROPOSED NEW PLANTING This
RSPO NOTIFICATION OF PROPOSED NEW PLANTING This notification shall be on the RSPO website f`or 30 days as required by the RSPO procedures for new plantings (http://www.rspo.org/?q=page/53). It has also been posted on local on-site notice boards. Date of notification: Tick whichever is appropriate √ This is a completely new development and stakeholders may submit comments. This is part of an ongoing planting and is meant for notification only. Location of proposed new Tarjuowon District, Sinoe County, Republic of Liberia planting: Company Name Golden Veroleum (Liberia) Inc. Address 17th Street, Villa Samantha ( Beach Side), Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia Phone +44 7780- 662 800 Contact David Rothschild (Director) E-mail [email protected] Contact Matt Karinen (Director) E-mail [email protected] RSPO Membership No.: 1-0102-11-000-00 Ordinary member Approved 29/08/2011, 1 Figure 1: Location Map of project Area in Tarjuowon District, Sinoe County, Republic of Liberia Figure 2: Location of the proposed Tarjuowon development area and protected areas in Liberia 2 Figure 3: Map of concession showing towns and villages and HCV set-asides in the area 3 1.0 Summary from SEI Assessments In 2010 an oil palm plantation concession agreement was signed between the Government of Liberia and GOLDEN VEROLEUM (LIBERIA) covering five (5) counties in Liberia: Grand Kru, Sinoe, Maryland, Rivercess and Grand Kru for a period of 65 years with an option for renewal. This agreement covers a total of approximately 500,000 acres (220,000 hectares). The concession agreement amongst other things provides for the implementation of a social and community development program, which includes the creation of about 35,000 jobs in 5 counties within a 15 year period, construction of employee housing, education, medical care, a Liberian smallholder program and the construction of about 16 mills and 2 sea ports within 15 years.