5 COMMUNITY CHARACTER ELEMENT

Chino began as an agricultural community around a railroad depot in 1887. The City maintained its agricultural focus well into the 1940s, expanding its focus to include dairy production. In the 1980s, the City shifted toward in- dustrial, warehouse, and distribution land uses. Today, Chino maintains a strong sense of its agrarian roots even though it displays a diverse economy. Chino residents take pride in their involvement in youth sports, religious groups, schools, and other community organizations, and value the City’s small town character, even while its population has grown and experienced economic expansion. These key elements of Chino’s community character have built a strong foundation as the City has worked toward creating a healthy city. This element includes policy statements that will help the City continue to maintain its small town character, improve community design, and achieve improved public health.

This Element specifies how new development should look, feel, and function, and provides guidance for ongoing improvements of established areas of the City. It includes creative approaches to integrating new and more established areas of the City.

This element is organized into the following sections:

♦ Background. Describes the character of the distinct areas in Chino.

♦ Community Design Principles. Describes key features of a well- designed community.

♦ Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions. Provides policy guidance to the City related to community character decisions.

♦ Indicators. Provides methods for evaluating progress on implementing the Community Character Element.

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A. Background

Chino can be divided into several distinct areas, each with its own character. Descriptions of the areas follows, and their locations are shown on Figure CC-1.

♦ Chino’s Civic Center. This area is the core of the City, located at Cen- tral Avenue and Chino Avenue, which features key civic components, such as the City Hall, a branch of the County library, and the Chino Transit Center.

♦ Downtown. A limited number of older, commercial buildings adjacent to the Civic Center constitute Chino’s Downtown. These buildings sur- vive from the early days of Chino and provide a connection to the City’s past.

♦ Central neighborhoods. These are the oldest, residential areas sur- rounding the Civic Center. They fit the pattern of traditional neighbor- hoods and contain one- and two-story bungalows, many of which predate the 1920s. Many of the streets have good tree cover that provides shade for streets, sidewalks, and front yards. An alley system exists so that front sidewalks are not interrupted by driveways. The design of the homes has historically included front porches and other architectural fea- tures that emphasize a pedestrian scale. Such details are not as evident in recent construction and remodels.

♦ 20th Century suburban neighborhoods. These neighborhoods were built in the decades following World War II. Most of the housing stock was built up to the 1980s. They are primarily auto-oriented, with limited sidewalks and prominent garages. The street network is less regular than the central neighborhoods, including more cul-de-sacs that restrict con- nectivity within the neighborhoods.

♦ East Chino. This area was primarily developed in the late 1980’s through the present, and is characterized by a loop road that connects single-family residential neighborhoods to a series of school sites and

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State Highway 60

Chino's Civic Center Downtown Central Neighborhoods 20th Century Suburban Neighborhoods Rural Neighborhoods The Preserve and College Park Retail Corridors Shopping Centers Industrial Areas Agricultural Areas Open Space Areas Institutions Chino City Boundary County Boundary Chino Sphere of Influence 0 0.5 1 Miles

FIGURE CC-1 NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF CHINO GENERAL PLAN COMMUNITY CHARACTER ELEMENT

parks. The properties between Fern and Euclid Avenues form an “activ- ity corridor” of higher-intensity uses, such as multi-family housing, shopping centers and business parks. Neighborhood entry monuments located on arterial streets are also a defining characteristic of this area.

♦ Rural neighborhoods. The rural neighborhoods predominate in the northwest part of Chino, as well as in the unincorporated Sphere of In- fluence (SOI). They are marked by parcels that are deeper than they are wide, and streets that lack curbs, gutters, sidewalks and trees. The homes in these neighborhoods are more varied than in the 20th Century subur- ban neighborhoods, reflecting development in different time periods. Some of these areas focus on rural uses such as horse-raising or small-scale crops.

♦ The Preserve and College Park. These two Specific Plan areas were de- signed in the early 2000s using New Urbanist principles. They incorpo- rate mixed-use development, bringing community services close to where people live. Walkability is also a central theme of the design of these two areas. The homes are more varied in size and design than in other parts of the City.

♦ Retail corridors. Chino includes several retail corridors in close prox- imity to where people live and work. The main corridors are along Cen- tral Avenue and Riverside Drive. They were built as the City expanded over the past 50 years, but have never developed a cohesive look and feel. They include a wide range of development types, including small offices, mini-malls, some multi-family housing, and restaurants. Some buildings are close to the street, while others have extensive front parking lots.

♦ Shopping centers. Unlike retail corridors, which developed gradually, Chino’s shopping centers were more often developed, or redeveloped, all at one time. The primary shopping centers are The Spectrum and those near the intersection of State Route 60 and Central Avenue. Although these were developed at different times, they all include extensive parking areas and pedestrian connections between the stores, allowing patrons to stroll from one store to another.

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♦ Industrial areas. Chino’s industrial areas are primarily those located in the southern part of the City, consisting of very large warehouse and manufacturing buildings. These buildings feature large loading docks and are separated from the rest of the City by the driveways and employee parking lots. Some smaller-scale industrial uses, including those just to the south of the Civic Center, are more integrated into the surrounding area, with smaller buildings, driveways, and loading areas.

♦ Agricultural areas. Agricultural uses exist throughout Chino. Most are dairy operations in the southern part of the City. These consist primar- ily of feeding areas and barns, rather than open agricultural fields. Some open agricultural fields are found in the City, with accompanying wind- rows. Although these areas are now limited in size, they provide a strong connection to Chino’s agricultural past.

♦ Open space areas. Open space areas in Chino consist primarily of open fields in the southern part of the City, below the 566-foot elevation line associated with the Prado Dam.

♦ Institutions. By far the largest institution in Chino is the California In- stitution for Men, a large prison facility in the southern part of the City. Its main buildings are not visible from public roads, but the facility sepa- rates southern parts of Chino, including The Preserve and the Chino Air- port, from the older, more established parts of the City.

B. Community Design Principles

Community design addresses the image or character of a city’s built environ- ment. It considers the relationship between the location of uses and the visual appearance and character of the built environment, with the ultimate goal of attaining a strong sense of place. In addition to making a place that people relate to clearly, strong community design supports a healthy community. Pleasant, tree-lined streets are more likely to encourage people to walk or bicycle to get around their neighborhoods. Well-designed public spaces en- courage people to get outside and encourage people to interact with their

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neighbors and community members. That level of interaction supports men- tal health, as well as increasing options for physical activity.

A well-designed community is also a sustainable community. The potential for pedestrian and bicycle travel reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Sustain- ability is also about equity, and community design principles focus on im- proving the day-to-day environment of all residents of the community, mak- ing public areas more accessible and diverse.

Six community design principles that will lead to healthy, more livable com- munities are discussed below. To the extent possible, these principles should be applied at all scales of development in Chino, from individual buildings to larger development projects and should apply to new development as well as the redevelopment of existing areas.

1. Human-Scale Design People feel most comfortable and secure in environments that are designed at the scale of the individual. At a neighborhood level, this translates into shorter block lengths that are walkable and provide more connections throughout a neighborhood. At a site or building design level, human-scale design involves the massing of buildings, articulation of building facade, or- ganization of buildings on a site, landscaping of public and private areas and use of color and materials. Generally, this means avoiding or minimizing the use of soundwalls and cul-de-sacs in residential development and ensuring that retail, office and commercial development presents an attractive “face” to the street.

2. Pedestrian Orientation Designing places that are pedestrian-oriented rather than automobile-oriented often can discourage the consumption of fossil fuels, encourage a healthy life- style that includes walking, and promote the use of public spaces. Pedestrian orientation involves providing good physical connections between destina- tions, a mix of uses in close proximity to each other, and a safe walking envi- ronment. In terms of building design, pedestrian orientation can be achieved

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by orienting buildings to the street and providing pedestrian amenities such as awnings, benches, and attractive street lighting.

Increasing pedestrian-orientation not only enhances attractiveness and safety, but it also offers people the option to forgo reliance on auto travel. The chal- lenge in pedestrian-oriented development is to plan for non-auto travel while recognizing that the automobile will also continue to play an important part in transportation.

3. Focal Points Focal points are locations that serve as meeting and gathering places. Exam- ples include shopping areas, restaurants, churches, schools, plazas, parks, and Development surrounding a focal point. community centers. Focal points are important components of a community because they provide a common location for people to meet, talk, shop, and play. They are also locations to sit and relax, read, or converse.

4. Visual Landmarks A visual landmark is an element that orients people and helps to create a unique identity for an area. Examples of visual landmarks include statues, major works of public art, historic buildings, water towers, significant land- scaping or land forms, and other easily identifiable features. Entryways to the City or a neighborhood can also be marked by landmarks such as fountains, attractive signage, or natural features such as rows of trees. Landmark.

5. Edges Edges help to define space and in built environments they can be created by buildings or rows of trees. Edges can have differing degrees of permeability. For example, an edge created by a wall would be considered “impermeable.” A building can create a “semi-permeable” edge with a feature such as a col- umned arcade, which allows people visual and physical access between the sidewalk area and the private property. Ensuring that buildings, trees or other architectural features provide edges or definition to the street enhances the vitality and improves the feeling of safety and security in urbanized areas. Edges are particularly important in areas with high pedestrian traffic, such as Wall edges.

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the Civic Center. Cities, as a whole, are also defined by their edges. In gen- eral, edges can be “hard,” where there is an abrupt or clearly defined transi- tion between urban and rural or undeveloped uses or “soft,” where the transi- tion between urban and rural is more gradual or smooth.

6. Building Siting Buildings should be sited carefully to enhance the built environment. In par- ticular, buildings in central areas and along major corridors should generally be sited to create a strong street edge and to “hold corners” by placing devel-

Building edges. opment at the corner lots of intersections close to or at the lot line. Strategi- cally placing development along street fronts and on corner sites gives better definition to a street or intersection, which makes pedestrians feel less ex- posed to the adjacent traffic. Ensuring that buildings in Chino are designed to hold street edges and corners of key intersections will enhance the visual qual- ity and the safety of the pedestrian environment as compared to development that provides “a sea of asphalt” to passersby. Along certain corridors, such as Euclid Avenue, additional setbacks along the roadway may be desired in or- der to preserve significant views of the San Gabriel Mountains and the Chino Hills.

C. Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions

In response to the existing conditions and community design principles out- lined in the preceding sections, the following goals, objectives, policies, and actions provide a framework for growth and redevelopment that will main- tain and enhance Chino’s character and identity.

The Transportation Element also includes goals, objectives, policies, and ac- tions supporting pedestrian-oriented development and street trees. The Open Space and Conservation Element includes goals, objectives, policies, and ac- tions regarding historic buildings, other historic resources, and agricultural heritage.

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Policy statements in this Element that reference mixed-use development ap- ply only in College Park, The Preserve, and the SOI, where mixed use land use designations are found on the land use map included in the Land Use Element as Figure L-2. However, if a Measure M vote results in approval of mixed-use development consistent with the Focused Growth Plan, mixed use- related policies would apply on the subject properties.

Goal CC-1 Establish high standards of community design in Chino.

Objective CC-1.1 Encourage high-quality community design that is responsive to community scale.

Policies

P1. New development projects shall be approved only if they meet the design principles set forth in this Community Char- acter Element and in any detailed design guidelines that may be approved by the Planning Commission or City Council.

P2. All new development and redevelopment shall adhere to the basic principles of high-quality community design as described in this Element.

P3. New development and redevelopment shall include appropri- ate green spaces, such as community squares, parks, rooftop gardens, and plazas.

P4. Sound walls should be avoided wherever possible, except adja- cent to freeways or other noise-generating facilities. Where they are allowed, they should be built of high quality materi- als and provide visual relief through the use of a mixture of materials, landscaping, walkways and greenbelts. Additional

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landscape areas shall be provided between sound walls and rights-of-way to mitigate the height of walls.

P5. Lighting on private and public property should be designed to provide safety, while minimizing light spillage to adjacent properties and the night sky.

P6. Signs should enhance and be compatible with the character of commercial areas within the City, and should not be designed to detract from the visual environment of the City. Billboards shall not be permitted.

Actions

A1. Develop detailed design guidelines for new developments.

Goal CC-2 Preserve and enhance areas that create commu- nity identity and support Chino’s small-town character.

Objective CC-2.1 Preserve and enhance the character of ex- isting residential neighborhoods.

Policies

P1. The City shall encourage the on-going conservation, mainte- nance, and upgrading of existing neighborhoods through en- forcement of property maintenance codes, rapid abatement of graffiti, requirements for high quality infill development, pro- grams for the rehabilitation of housing, and replacement of de- teriorated infrastructure.

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P2. New development should preserve, restore, rehabilitate, reuse, and maintain existing buildings that have historic character or other community value.

P3. New multi-family housing shall be in scale with surrounding residential neighborhoods and shall feature similar setbacks, complementary building arrangements, and patterns that avoid overwhelming building scale and visual obstructions.

P4. New single-family housing shall be designed to be compatible with adjacent neighborhoods. Considerations such as building height, size, and setbacks shall be taken into consideration in order to minimize privacy impacts to adjacent homes. The scale of the new homes should not overwhelm adjacent homes.

P5. Additions to single-family homes shall be architecturally com- patible with the existing structure, as well as the neighbor- hood. The height and size of the addition should be similar to the scale of other homes in the neighborhood, and the addi- tion should respect the privacy of homes on adjacent lots.

Objective CC-2.2 Re-establish the Civic Center and the sur- rounding Downtown as the heart of Chino.

Policies

P1. The City shall encourage a combination of retail, office, and entertainment uses (e.g. movie and performing arts theaters) in the Downtown to serve the daily and occasional needs of resi- dents.

P2. The City shall encourage public and publicly-oriented uses, such as post offices, meeting halls, community centers, librar-

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ies, and medical facilities, to be located in the Downtown rather than in other parts of the City.

P3. New development in the Downtown should include a vertical mix of uses, with residences and offices above ground-floor re- tail space.

P4. New development in the Downtown should include human- scaled details in the design of buildings such as windows on the street, awnings, and architectural features that create a visually interesting pedestrian environment.

P5. New development in the Downtown should include areas de- signed to create spaces where people can interact and socialize, such as parks, plazas or open air seating in cafes and restau- rants, as well as pedestrian amenities such as awnings, pedes- trian-scaled lighting, benches, and trash cans.

Objective CC-2.3 Create entryways that clearly signal a transition into Chino.

Actions

A1. Develop a list of key entryways to Chino and establish a pro- gram to provide entry features for each of them. Entryways shall incorporate landscaping, trees, and/or architectural ele- ments to enhance a sense of arrival to the City.

A2. Develop a plan for the design and maintenance of entry monu- ments for the various neighborhoods and districts within the City, including Downtown, the Civic Center, East Chino, The Spectrum, The Preserve, College Park, and other distinct areas.

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Policies

P1. Ensure that private development adjacent to City entryways is compatible with entryways, and reflects a high-quality image of the City.

Goal CC-3 Create livable neighborhoods that feature pe- destrian-orientation, mixed uses, and a sense of place.

Objective CC-3.1 Establish a focal point in every neighbor- hood.

Policies

P1. Every neighborhood should have at least one focal point, which should be a park, school, plaza, clubhouse, recreation center, retail, open space, or combination thereof.

P2. Focal points shall have ample public spaces that are accessible to all citizens.

P3. Focal points should be within ¼-mile walking distance of any point in the neighborhood.

Actions

A1. Conduct a study to determine which established neighbor- hoods have focal points and which lack them. Create follow- up programs to create focal points where they are lacking., as well as programs to enhance existing focal points.

Objective CC-3.2 Provide variety and flexibility in architec- tural design in all neighborhoods.

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Policies

P1. New developments shall include a variety of architectural styles in each neighborhood and within each block.

P2. Blocks within new developments should contain a mix of lot sizes and house sizes. Some lots may be designed to accom- modate one-story houses, which generally require greater lot width to avoid front elevations of houses that are dominated by garages.

P3. Secondary units may be allowed behind single-family homes and above garages.

P4. Multi-family housing design shall be in scale with or transition in scale from adjoining or adjacent single-family areas through the use of similar setbacks, complementary building arrange- ments and architecture, gradual changes to building heights, buffer yards and the avoidance of overwhelming building scale and visual obstructions.

P5. Multi-family housing shall generally front on a public street with varying setbacks to provide visual interest, opportunities for transitional landscaping, and varying shadow patterns.

P6. The exterior of residential buildings shall be varied and articu- lated to provide visual interest to the streetscape.

P7. The exterior of residential buildings shall be of the highest ar- chitectural design and construction quality, with attention to detail in both design and construction.

P8. Infill development, secondary residential units, and multi- family housing shall be consistent in scale and character with existing neighborhoods.

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P9. Front yards shall be landscaped and may be paved only to the extent needed to provide garage access.

Objective CC-3.3 Design neighborhoods to foster interac- tions among residents and to be responsive to the human scale.

Policies

P1. Houses, townhomes, and multi-family units should be ori- ented to the street, parks, or a shared commons.

P2. Lot size and building placement on lots shall be designed to reduce the appearance of large homes close together on small lots.

P3. Residential building setbacks from the street should be mini- mized and varied.

P4. Garages for new single-family houses, duplexes, and town- houses should be subordinate in visual importance to the house itself, especially the entry. This shall be achieved by lo- cating garages toward the back of properties, constructing al- leys, limiting the width of the garage to two car spaces, build- ing garages as separate structures from the house, requiring ga- rages to be set back from the front facade of the house, and encouraging the orientation of garage doors at 90 degrees to the street.

Goal CC-4 Design new and existing neighborhoods to be pedestrian friendly.

Objective CC-4.1 Design neighborhoods to emphasize con- nectivity as a means of increasing pedestrian activity.

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Policies

P1. Neighborhoods should generally be no more than ½-mile wide in any direction.

P2. Neighborhoods should not be bisected by a physical barrier, such as an arterial street, a railroad track or a major drainage way.

P3. Streets in neighborhoods shall be designed to enhance the sense of place and create a safe and comfortable pedestrian en- vironment.

P4. Residential block lengths should be short, typically no more than 400 feet, to create a street pattern that allows for multiple routes through a neighborhood and greater opportunities for pedestrian activity.

P5. Where developed, alleys should provide for garage access, util- ity hook-ups and trash collection.

P6. Common driveways serving multiple units should be allowed and encouraged where appropriate.

P7. Neighborhoods should contain a variety of common destina- tions, such as food outlets, schools, parks and open space, and transit.

Actions

A1. Conduct a study to determine where cul-de-sacs and other dis- continuous portions of the roadway network could be made continuous for pedestrians through methods such as pedes- trian cut-throughs and gates. On or adjacent to parcels where these opportunities exist, pedestrian connections or new streets should be required as a condition of any future devel- opment.

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Objective CC-4.2 Connect established and new areas of the City with one another.

Policies

P1. The City shall focus on physically connecting College Park and The Preserve Specific Plan areas to other, more established areas of the City through vehicular connections, bicycle and pedestrian and equestrian paths, and public transportation.

P2. The City shall work to improve social connections between the College Park and The Preserve Specific Plan areas and the more established areas of the City by hosting events through- out the City, publicizing events City-wide, and encouraging residents to explore new areas.

P3. The Civic Center shall have direct pedestrian, bicycle, and ve- hicular connections to all neighborhoods or commercial ar- eas.

P4. Neighborhoods should have direct pedestrian, bicycle, and ve- hicular connections to their focal points.

P5. As existing areas redevelop and change over time, new and in- creased connections to focal points and retail areas shall be de- veloped.

P6. Streets shall be continuous within and between neighbor- hoods, including those that are built by different developers or builders.

P7. New development projects shall not be gated communities or constructed with walls surrounding individual projects (i.e. a single developer or builder). Gated communities and walls should only be allowed on a case by case basis and will gener- ally be considered only for projects such as “estate” develop-

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ments where the minimum lot size is at least 1 acre or in hous- ing with specialized clientele such as senior citizens.

P8. New and existing site features, such as parks, utility easements, and drainage ways, should be improved and used as physical connections within and between neighborhoods.

Objective CC-4.3 Design buildings and sites to enhance the pedestrian environment.

Policies

P1. Building setbacks along main streets shall be minimized to the extent that they reflect the desired character of the area.

P2. Buildings and building entrances shall be oriented to the pe- destrian environment.

P3. Buildings shall include human-scale details such as windows facing the street, awnings, and architectural features that create a visually interesting pedestrian environment.

P4. Buildings shall feature outdoor use areas, such as plazas and open air seating in cafes and restaurants.

P5. Loading facilities for uses requiring delivery from large trucks shall be screened from public view and located away from residential uses.

P6. Where possible, parking shall be located behind or on the side of buildings to reduce its visual impact.

P7. Parking lots shall be screened with landscaping or low walls.

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P8. Parking lots shall be landscaped, including shade trees, to cre- ate an attractive pedestrian environment and reduce the im- pact of heat islands.

P9. Direct and safe pedestrian connections between parking lots and buildings shall be provided, through the use of decorative paving, bollards, landscaping, lighting, or other distinctive fea- tures.

Objective CC-4.4 Ensure roadways include appropriate trees and landscaping that are safe, improve air quality, and provide a more pleasant environment for drivers, cyclists, and pedestri- ans.

Policies

P1. The City shall require all 6- to 8-lane arterial road medians to provide a 5- to 6-foot-wide tree buffer (parkway) between pe- destrians and through traffic.

P2. Medians shall be constructed to facilitate landscaping. The City shall coordinate landscaping plans with surrounding cit- ies, counties, and Caltrans landscaping standards.

P3. Whenever possible, the City shall require street trees to be planted in linear planting beds rather than tree wells in order to support long-living healthy trees.

P4. The City shall work with developers to make every effort to save existing large trees, even if they are within proposed rights-of-way.

P5. Maintain the City’s Tree City USA designation.

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P6. Landscaping for all development types shall be designed and maintained at a high quality.

Actions

A1. Conduct a study to determine where additional street trees could be incorporated in established neighborhoods.

A2. Develop a Street Tree Master Plan to guide the types of trees planted in public and private rights-of-way.

Goal CC-5 Create public buildings that enhance commu- nity design in Chino.

Objective CC-5.1 Revitalize the Civic Center through strong design of public buildings.

Policies

P1. The City shall design new city-owned buildings in the Civic Center to enhance the existing urban pattern of development. A variety of styles are encouraged, so long as they fit within the overall set of themes associated with buildings in the Civic Center.

P2. New public buildings in the Civic Center shall enhance and be oriented towards the pedestrian environment.

P3. Public art and other design features such as fountains and monuments should be used to enliven the public realm in the Civic Center.

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Objective CC-5.2 Create public buildings throughout Chino that enhance community character.

P1. The City shall design new public buildings to be architectur- ally distinctive and constructed with high-quality materials. Where the City is not the direct developer of the new build- ing, the City shall work with the property owner to encour- age these qualities.

P2. Where possible, the City shall use new public buildings to provide focal points in neighborhoods that do not have them.

Goal CC-6 Preserve Chino’s view corridors.

Objective CC-6.1 Design and site new development to sup- port views of geographic and environmental features that make Chino unique.

Policies

P1. New development should not obstruct, detract from or nega- tively affect views of the San Gabriel Mountains to the north and the Chino Hills to the south. These views are an integral part of the City’s geographic space and allow residents to de- velop a sense of place unique to Chino.

P2. New development should preserve views of the surrounding environment through building design and orientation.

P3. Work with Caltrans and the City of Ontario to enhance the Euclid Avenue median south of Riverside Drive.

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Goal CC-7 Provide high-quality art throughout Chino’s public places.

Objective CC-7.1 Design high-quality art that builds a healthy and culturally vibrant community.

Policies

P1. The City shall provide opportunities for public participation in the selection or construction of public art.

P2. The City shall prioritize the selection of public art that cele- brates Chino’s heritage, ethnicity, and civic pride.

P3. The City shall work with artists to ensure that new public art installations foster dialogue between Chino residents.

P4. The City shall use the public art program to reinforce the strength of the local artist community.

P5. Public art that strengthens the visual identity of Chino and its neighborhoods shall be encouraged.

Actions

A1. Explore the possibility of developing an art/cultural program, including an Arts Master Plan.

D. Indicators

The following trends are indicative of progress made in regards to the above policies. Each indicator is followed by the ideal direction of the trend.

♦ Neighborhoods containing focal points: y Direction: Increase

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♦ Neighborhoods containing public art installations: y Direction: Increase

♦ Number of projects approved that are consistent with design guidelines: y Direction: Increase

♦ Number of street trees: y Direction: Increase

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