Sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia pdf

Continue Malaysia is a southeast Asian country bordering Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei and Singapore. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy. The Malaysian system of state control is the legacy of the British colony. The system of government adopted by Malaysia is the parliamentary (English Westminster Parliament). The head of government is the Prime Minister, and the head of state or head of state is Jan DiPertuan Agung. The separation of state power there are three main public institutions in the implementation of the government, namely: the Legislature (legislative) of the State Agency (executive) judicial (judicial) Legislature has the power to change the law. Parliament consists of Seri Paduk Baginda Jan di Pertuan Agong and two chambers, the Council of State and the House of Commons. Jan di Pertuan AgongSeri Paduka Baginda Jan di Pertuan Agong is the head of state/head of state who has priority decision all in the federation and can not be charged in any court case. The Council of State of the State council is the Supreme Council, which plays an important role in the more detailed discussion of the bill. He is also responsible for discussing issues of public interest. The House of Commons of the People's Council is a special assembly for people who bring the aspirations of people through their representatives in Parliament. Members of the House of Commons are elected directly by the people at the general election. GOVERNMENT AGENCY (EXECUTIVE) The government body or executive branch is the body that governs the wheel of government in accordance with the constitution. The Congregation of Ministers is the executive body that carries out Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di Pertuan Agong. The Mejlis RajaMajlis Raja-Raja contains all Malay kings and Jan di Pertuan Agong. The judiciary is the third body in the Malaysian Government system. This judiciary is controlled by the High Court and the Lower Court. Page 2 Studying the science of citizenship education or PKN related to a country, it will certainly be easier when directly paying attention to the example of a country that already exists in terms of its form and system of government. Finally, according to Wikipedia, the management system is an untouched order consisting of various components that work interdependently and affect the achievement of the goals and functions of the government. In this article we will discuss the Malaysian state system, which is one of the neighboring countries very close to Indonesia. The nation that belongs to the founding country of ASEAN is known to apply a different system to our country in the explanation below. Before discussing further issues related to the management system, the most from Malaysia with our country is a form of the country. Malaysia is a monarchy or kingdom consisting of several states. The head of Malaysia is a king who is called the great king and is elected by nine kings in the state and served for 5 years. Al-Sultan Abdullah Riyatuddin al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibn Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah al-Mustain Billah is the name of the Malaysian King of the Pahangs, who has been in power since January 2019. The King of Malaysia acts as head of state and supreme leader of the armed forces or army. As a federal state, Malaysia has 13 states as well as 3 federal territories with Kuala Lumpur as the capital and Putrajaya as the center of the federal government. The United States in Malaysia includes Johor Darul Takzi, Keda Darul Aman, Kelantan Darul Naim, Melaka Historic City, Negeri Sembilan Darul Husus, Pahang Darul Makmur, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Perlis Indera Kaiangan, Penang, Pulau Mutiara, Sabah Negeri Bawa Bau, Sarawak Bumi, Kenganian, Selangan Dahul Malaysia Malaysia, as one of the Malay States, which has the form of a constitutional monarchy, adopts a system of parliamentary democratic governance. This system of government was implemented by the Malaysian state on the basis of Westminster, because it was still included in the English colonies or its former colonies during colonial rule. The head of Malaysia's executive government is the Prime Minister, elected by the Cabinet. The Prime Minister is a member of the House of Commons, which comes from the majority of the group in Parliament, while the Cabinet itself is one of the elected from the House of Commons or the Council of State. Malaysia adheres to a two-dimensional system, which has the House of Representatives and the Council of State. The 70-member State Council will serve for three years and consists of 26 members of the state Legislature as representatives of 13 states, as well as the remaining 44 members appointed by Seri Paduk Baginda Jan di Pertuan Agong for consultations and consultations of the Prime Minister, including two members of the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur, one of Labuan and Putrajaya. The House of Representatives consists of 220 directly elected members in the electoral process, and these members will represent one region or state. Each member of the House of Representatives will serve for 5 years in accordance with the electoral process. The basic principle of citizenship applied Malaysia sanguine issue This is some explanation of the Malaysian state system of government that should be properly considered and can be imprisoned as part of the understanding of the system of governance located in a particular country. Malaysia is an example of a parliamentary monarchy that is certainly different индонезийский. Координаты: 2'30'N 112'30'E / 2500'N 112500 'E / 2500; 112,500 Малайзия Флаг Эмблема Девиз: Союзное качество » Ассоциация добавляет ExcellenceНациональный гимн: Negaraku Малайзии в АСЕАН CapitalKuala Lumpur3'8'N 101'41'E / 3.133'N 101.683'E / 3,133; 101.683Путраджая (административный центр)2'56'35N 101'41'58E / 2.9430952'N 101.699373'E / 2.9430952; 101.699373Слайт городКуала-Лумпур3'N 101'41'E / 3.133'N 101.683'E / 3.133; 101,683An official language and national languageMelayu[n 1][n 2][n 3]English recognized languages[n 3]Ethnic groups (2018)[2]68.8% Bumiputera23.2% Chinese 7.0% Indian 1.0% Other Religion 61.3% Muslim (61.3% Islamic) official)[3]19.8% Buddhism 9.2% Christianity 6.3% Hinduism 1.3% Traditional Chinese beliefs 1.7% Unknown 0.4% Other[4]DemonimMalaysianFederal Government of the constitutional monarchy• Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah al-Haj[5]Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin• Supreme Court Justice Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat• Chairman of the Senate Rais Yatim• Chairman of the People's Council Azhar Azizan Harun• Deputy Prime Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail LegislatifParlemen - Upper House of the State Council - Lower House of the People's CouncilIndependence from the United Kingdom• Independence of the Federation of Malaya 31 August 1957[6]• Sarawak Self-Government 22 July 22 , 1957[6]• Sarawak Independent Government 22 July 22 1963• Cobbold Commission 17 January 1962• Malaysia Act 1963 31 July 1963• Self-Government of North Borneo 31 August 1963• Proclamation of Malaysia 16 September 1963• Separation of Singapore 9 August 1965• ASEAN Declaration 8 August 1967 Area - Total330 ,803 km2 (127,724 sq mi) (66) - Perairan (%)0.3Population - Perkiraan 201732,049,700[7] (44) - Sensus Penduduk 201028.334.135[8] - Kepadatan92/km2 (238,3/sq mi) (116)PDB (KKB)2019 - Total$1.068 triliun[9] (26) - Per kapita$32.501[9] (41)PDB (nominal)2019 - Total$372.628 miliar[9] (38) - Per kapita$11.338[9] (62)Gini (2015)▼ 41[10]sedangIPM (2017)▲ 0.802[11]sangat tinggi · 57Mata uangRinggit (RM) (MYR)Zona waktuMST(UTC+8) - Musim panas (DST)UTC+8 (tidak terpantau)Format tanggaldd-mm-yyyyLajur kemudikiriKode telepon+60Kode ISO 3166MYRanah Internet.my ^ Bagian 9 Undang-Undang Bahasa Nasional 1963/67 menyatakan bahwa Aksara bahasa nasional adalah aksara Rumi : under this provision it will not prohibit the use of Malay characters, better known as Jawi characters, from the national language. ^ Section 2 of the National Language Act 1963/67 states that Unless stipulated in this Law and subject to the protections contained in Article 152 (1) of the Constitution relating to any other language and language of any other community language in Malaysia the national language will be used for official purposes. b См. статью 152 Федеральной конституции Малайзии и Закон о национальном языке 1963/67 года. Кому indomalaya biogeography, which includes Malaysia in it, see Malesia. The Malaysia (Document) Malaysia Treaty Act 1963 Bender Malaysia is a federal state consisting of thirteen states (states) and three federal territories in southeast Asia with an area of 329,847 square kilometers. The capital is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the center of the federal government. The country's population reached 30,697,000 in 2015. The country is divided into two regions - West Malaysia and East Malaysia - the Islands of Natuna, the territory of Indonesia in the South China Sea. Malaysia borders Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei and the Philippines. The country is located near the equator and has a tropical climate. The head of Malaysia is a king or sultan who is chosen in turn every 5 years, only the states ruled by the king/sultan have the right to send their representatives to become King of Malaysia. The King of Malaysia usually uses the title of Sri Paduka Baginda Jan di Pertuan Agong. and his Government was headed by the Prime Minister. The Malaysian model of government is similar to the Westminster parliamentary system. Malaysia as a federal state did not exist until 1963. Previously, a group of colonies was created by the British at the end of the 18th century, and the western part of modern Malaysia consisted of several separate kingdoms. The colony was known as the British Malaya until its dissolution in 1946, when it was reorganized as the Union of Malaya. Because of widespread opposition, the group was reorganized as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and then gained independence on August 31, 1957. On September 16, 1963, in accordance with UN General Assembly Resolution 1514, in the process of decom colonizing Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo or now better known as Sabah was transformed into a state of a new federation called Malaysia, including the Federation of Malaya. And on 9 August 1965, Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became an independent state called the Republic of Singapore. In the early years of the formation of the new federation, there were also conflicts between the Philippines and the military conflict with Indonesia. At the end of the 20th century, South-East Asia experienced an economic boom and rapid development. Rapid growth in the 1980s and 1990s, averaging 8% from 1991 to 1997, has transformed Malaysia into a new industrial country. Since Malaysia is one of the three countries in the Strait of Malacca, international trade plays an important role in its economy. In due course, Malaysia to become the world's leading producer of lead, rubber and palm oil. Manufacturing has a big impact on the country's economy. Malaysia is also considered one of the 18 largest countries by biodiversity in the world. Malays make up the majority of Malaysia's population. There are also significant Malaysian and Malaysian Indian races. The Malay language and Islam are the country's official languages and religions. Malaysia was a pioneer in ASEAN and has participated in various international organizations, such as the United Nations. As a former British colony, Malaysia was also a member of the Commonwealth. Malaysia is also a member of D-8 (Development-8), a development cooperation agreement of eight member states: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey. The etymology of the Word Malaysia is shown on the map of the American Atlas of 1914. The name Malaysia was adopted in 1963, when the Federation of Malaya increased Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak to form a federation called Malaysia. But the name itself was once confusing when used to refer to regions in Southeast Asia. The map, published in 1914 in Chicago, was the name of Malaysia in a certain region of the archipelago. Politicians in the Philippines wanted to call their country Malaysia, but it was Malaysia that first adopted the name in 1963 before the Philippines took further action on the issue. Another name was once recommended for the 1963 federation. Among them is Langkasuka (Langkasuka - an ancient kingdom located at the top of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium AD). Further back, the British ethnologist George Samuel Windsor Earle in volume IV of the journal of the Indian Isles and East Asia in 1850 suggested the name of the Indonesian archipelago of Melayunnesia or Indonesia, although he preferred the latter. Main story article: The history of Malaysia's prehistoric archaeological remains found across the country. Semang has distant ancestors on the Malay Peninsula, referring to the first settlement from Africa, more than 50,000 years ago. The seina originated as a mixed group, with almost part of the lineage of Semanga's ancestors and partly Indochina. This corresponds to the notion that they represented descendants of ancient Austronesian speakers, peasants who brought their language and technology to the southern part of the peninsula about 5,000 years ago and merged with the natives. Proto Malay people were more diverse, and although they showed some connection to the Southeast Asian archipelago, some of them also had ancestors in Indochina from the last ice-cream peak and then the early Holocene spread through Malaya on the islands of southeast Asia. The early history of the Malay Peninsula became a major trading center in southeast Asia, thanks to the development of trade between China and India and other countries across the vibrant Strait of Malacca. Claudius Ptolemy shows the Malay Peninsula on his early map of the Golden Khersones with the Strait of Malacca, written as Sinus Sabarikus. From the middle to the end of the first millennium, most of the peninsula, as well as the archipelago, was influenced by Srividjay. The earliest Malay kingdom in history grew out of seaside towns established in the 10th century. These include Langkasuka and Bujang Valley in Keda, as well as Beruas and Gang Negara in Perak and Pan Pan in Kelantan. It is believed to be Hindu or Buddhist kingdoms. Islam arrived in Therengan in the 14th century. Fort Famos in Melak. The building was founded by the Portuguese in the 15th century. There were many Chinese and Indian kingdoms in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD - as many as 30, according to Chinese sources. Keda, known as Kedaram, Cheh-Cha (according to I-Chin), or Katah in Palawa or ancient Sanskrit, was on the way to invasion by Indian merchants and kings. Rajendra Chola, an ancient Tamil emperor believed to have been near the town of Gelanggi, made Kedou a subordinate in 1025, but his successor, Vira Rajendra Chola, had to paralyze the Ked rebellion to overcome the invaders. Chola's arrival weakened the greatness of Srividjaya, which had a great influence on Kedu and Pattani even on Ligor. The Buddhist kingdom of Ligor took control of Kedu shortly thereafter, and its King Chandrabhanu used the site as a base for the invasion of Sri Lanka in the 11th century, an event carved into stone inscriptions at Nagapattinum in Tamil Nadu and in the stories of Sri Lankans, Mahawams. During the first millennium, people in the Malay Peninsula embraced Hinduism and Buddhism and used Sanskrit until they converted to Islam. There have been several reports from other regions older than Kedah, such as the ancient kingdom of Ganges Negara, around Berias in Perak, pushing Malaysia's history further back. If that wasn't enough, the Tamil poem, Pattinapillai, from the 2nd century AD, explains the goods Kadaram piled up on the streets of the capital Chola. The 7th-century Sanskrit drama Kaumudhimozza calls Kedah Kataha-nagari. Agnipurana also mentions the area known as Anta Katah with one of its borders, depicting the top of the mountain, which scientists consider Mount Jerai. The stories of Catasaritasagaram explain the luxury of living in Katah. Sultan Abdul Samad building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian High Court complex and Trade Court. Kuala Lumpur is the capital Allied Malays and the current capital of Malaysia. In the early 15th century, the Sultanate of Malacca was founded under a dynasty founded by Parameswara, Prince of Palembang, Indonesia, in the Sriwijja kingdom. The conquest forced him and his supporters to flee Palembang. To avoid persecution, Parameswara went to Temasek to defend Temagui, the Malay ruler from Pattani who was appointed King of Siam by Regent Temasec. A few days later, Parameswara killed Temaghi and appointed himself regent. About five years later, he left Temasek because of threats from Siam. During this period, Temasek was also attacked by a group of Javanese fleets from Majapahit. He then led north to create a new settlement. In Muara, Parameswara wanted to establish his new kingdom in Biavak Busuk or Bad City. Knowing that Moir's whereabouts were not appropriate, he continued his journey north. Along the way, he visited Sening Ujong (the old name of the modern Ujong River) before arriving at the fishing village on the lip of the Bertam River (the old name of the modern Melaka River). The place gradually turned into the location of modern Melaka. According to Malay history, it was there that he watched the dog shrink under the Melaka tree. He perceived what he saw as a good sign, and then he created an empire called Melaka, then he built and repaired the facilities for commercial purposes. The transition of the Parameswar religion to Islam is unclear. Sabri zain suggested that Parameswara became a Muslim when he married the Princess of the Pasay Ocean, and included the Persian name Shah, calling himself Iskandar Sia. There are also references indicating that some members of the ruling class and the trading community living in Melak have become Muslims. Chinese histories mention that in 1414 the son of the first ruler, Melak, visited Ming to inform them that his father had died. Prince Parameswara was officially recognized as the second ruler of Melaki by the Emperor of China and named King Sri Rama Vikrama, King Parameswara Temasika and Melaki, and he was known as the Muslim figure of Sultan Sri Iskandar Sulkarnaina Xia or Sultan Megata Iskandar Siya, and he ruled Melak from 1414 to 1424. The kingdom controlled what is now the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand (Pattani, and the east coast of Sumatra. Malacca Sultanate is over. However, the last sultan fled to Kampar, Riau, Sumatra and died there. The sons of the last Sultan Malacca founded two sultanates in other parts of the peninsula - the Sultanate of Perak in the north and the Sultanate of Johor (originally a continuation of the ancient Malacca Sultanate) in the south. After the fall of Melaki, three countries fought for control of the Strait of Malacca: the Portuguese (in Melaka), the Sultanate of Johor and the Sultanate of Aceh. The conflict lasted until 1641, when the Dutch (allied with Sultanat Johor) captured Melaku. The kingdom was a continuation of the old Malacca Sultanate, but is now known as the Sultanate of Johor, which still exists today. After the fall of Melaki, three countries tried to take control of the Strait of Malacca: Portugal (in Melaka), Johor Sultanate and Sultanate Aceh; and the war ended in 1641, when the Dutch (allied with Sultanate Johor) captured Melak. The British landed their first colony on the Malay Peninsula in 1786, with the lease of Penang Island by the British East India Company sultan Kedah. In 1824, the United Kingdom took control of Melaku after the signing of the Treaty of London or the Treaty of London in 1824, dividing the archipelago into Great Britain and the Netherlands, Malaya for Great Britain and Indonesia for the Netherlands. In 1826, Great Britain established a Royal Colony in straits settlements, consolidating its reserves in Malaya: Penang, Melaca, Singapore and labuan island. Penang, founded in 1786 by Captain Francis Light as a commercial outpost, was awarded the Sultan of Kedah. Straits were originally administered by the British East India Company in Kolkata, before Penang, and later Singapore became the centre of the Crown Colony, until 1867, when management duties were transferred to the Colonial Office in London. During the 19th century, many Malay states sought British assistance to resolve their internal conflicts. The commercial importance of tin mining in Malay states for traders in straits settlements forced the British government to intervene in the tin states of the Malay Peninsula. British cannon diplomacy has been tasked with establishing a peaceful solution to the civil unrest caused by Chinese and Malay bandits. Eventually, the Treaty of Pangkor of 1874 cracked down on the path to the expansion of British influence in Malaya. Entering the 20th century, the states of Pahang, Selangor, Perak and Negeri Sembilan, together known as the Federal Malay States (not affiliated with the Federation of Malaya), under the de facto control of British residents were appointed to advise Malay rulers. Britons become advisers on paper, but in reality they have a significant impact on Malay. Five other countries on the peninsula, known as allied Malay states, were not expelled directly from London and were also given British advisers in the late 20th century. Four of the five states- Perlis, Keda, Kelantan and Terenganu - were previously controlled by Siam. Another unaffiliated state, Johor, was the only country that maintained its independence for much of the 19th century. Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor and queen Victoria were personal acquaintances and recognized each other equally. This did not happen until 1914, when Sultan Abu Bakar's successor, Sultan Ibrahim, received British advice. On the island of Borneo, Sabah was ruled as the crown colony of North Borneo, while Sarawak was acquired from Brunei as a private kingdom of the Brooke family, reigning as the White King. After the Japanese invasion of Malaya and its successive occupations during World War II, popular support for independence grew. After the war, Britain planned to unify Malaya under a single crown colony called the Union of Malaya, founded with great opposition from Malays, who resisted attempts to weaken Malay rulers and allowed dual citizenship to Sino-Malaysian and other immigrants. The Malaya Union, founded in 1946 and comprising all British property in Malaya except Singapore, was dissolved in 1948 and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored self-rule to the rulers of the Malay states under British protection. During this time, the uprising led by the Malay Communist Party carried out guerrilla operations aimed at driving the British out of Malaya. The malay emergency was known to last from 1948 to 1960 and included a campaign to combat the chaos of Commonwealth soldiers in Malaya. Despite the fact that the chaos was quickly crushed, he still left the presence of commonwealth soldiers, against the backdrop of the Cold War. Against this backdrop, the Federation's independence within the Commonwealth was granted on 31 August 1957. After independence, Mahathir Mohamad was the leading leader who made Malaysia a major industrial power, as well as the current Prime Minister of Malaysia. The independence of Malaya, Penang and Melaki was achieved on August 31, 1957, as the Federation of Malaya. Singapore was still under British rule at the time because of its state location. On 16 September 1963, the Federation of Malaya, together with the British crown colony sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore, formed Malaysia. The Sultanate of Brunei, although initially interested in joining the Federation, withdrew the unification plan because of opposition from some residents, as well as the pretexts for the payment of oil royalties and the sultan's status in the planning of the merger. The Years the creation or independence suffered from conflicts with Indonesia caused by Sukarno through Duikora because of disagreement with the UN Secretary-General's report on violations of the Manila Agreement in the formation of Malaysia, on the way to the federation's withdrawal in 1965 due to the re-agreement with the Malaysia Treaty on the establishment of Malaysia, caused by political discrimination, and interracial unrest in the incident on 13 May 1969. The Philippines also actively recognized Sabah with a peaceful settlement during this period through the surrender of part of the Sultanate of Brunei, the eastern-north sultanate of Sulu in 1704. Recognition of the territory continues to this day by the Philippines. Following the may 13, 1969, controversial new economic policy - an attempt to raise revenue for the economic cake bumiputra (indigenous that included most Malays but not always indigenous peoples - was initiated by Prime Minister Abdul Razak compared to other ethnic groups. Since then, Malaysia has maintained a soft tribal political balance with a system of government that combines economic growth with economic and political policies that support the proper participation of all races. Between the 1980s and the mid-1990s, Malaysia experienced significant economic growth under the leadership of the fourth Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. During this period, Malaysia experienced a leap from the agricultural economy to the manufacturing and industrial economies (mainly in computers and consumer electronics). During this period, The land of Malaysia has changed with the growth of various megaprojects. The most famous projects are the Petronas Twin Towers (once the tallest building in the world), Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), the North-South Highway, the Sepang International Highway, the Multimedia Grand Corridor (MSC), the Baku Hydroelectric Dam and Putrajaya, the center of the new federal government. In the late 1990s, Malaysia was shaken by the Asian financial crisis of 1997, as well as the political stabilization caused by the detention of Deputy Prime Minister Dato Seri Anwar Ibrahim. There was also opposition from socialists and reformists to efforts to create an Islamic state. In 2003, Dr. Mahathir, a long-time Prime Minister of Malaysia, resigned and was succeeded by his deputy, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. The new administration favors a moderate view of the Islamic State, defined by Hadi's Islam. In November 2007, Malaysia was rocked by two anti-government protests. On November 10, 40,000 people held a rally in Kuala Lumpur for regional reform It was sparked by allegations of corruption and discrepancies in Malaysia's electoral system, which leaned toward the ruling political party Barisan Nasional, which has ruled Malaysia since independence in 1957. Another protest took place on 25 November in the Malaysian capital and was led by HINDRAF. The rally's driver, the Force for Human Rights Action in India, protested against the policy, putting Malays first. It is estimated that the number of participants is between 5,000 and 30,000. In both cases, the Government and the police tried to deal with the kidnapping and prevent them from being abducted from the scene. On October 16, 2008, HINDRAF was banned because the government called the unregistered group a threat to national security for trying to obtain assistance and support from terrorist groups. Geography Home article: Geography Malaysia Map of Malaysia Beach Views on the Island of Tioman. Malaysia is the 43rd most populous country and the 66th largest land country in the world, with a population of about 27 million people and an area of more than 320,000 km2. The population is quite comparable to that of Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and this area is so comparable to that of Norway and Vietnam, or New Mexico, the state of the United States. Malaysia consists of two main regions separated by the South China Sea. They have almost the same shape of the face of the earth, from the sloping embankment to the dense forests and high hills. The highest peak in Malaysia (as well as in Borneo) is Mount Kinabalu at an altitude of 4095.2 meters in Sabah. The local climate is equatorial and characterized by south-westerly monsoon winds (April to October) and the northeast (October to February). Tanjung Piai, located in the southern state of Johor, is the southernmost cape of the Asian continent. The Strait of Malacca, located between Sumatra and the Malaysian peninsula, is the most important shipping strip in the world. Kuala Lumpur is the official capital and largest city of Malaysia. Putrajaya, on the other hand, is regarded as the administrative capital of the Malaysian federal government. Although many of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government have moved there (to avoid increasing congestion in Kuala Lumpur), Kuala Lumpur is still regarded as the legislative capital of Malaysia because that is where the Malaysian Parliament's construction complex is located. Kuala Lumpur is also Malaysia's commercial and financial centre. Other major cities include Ipoh, Georgetown, Johor Bahru, Kuchin, Kota Kinabalu, Miri, Alor Star, Melaka City, and Petaling Jaya. The political system of government of the Malaysian Parliament building in Kuala Lumpur. Malaysian Prime Minister's Office in Putrajaya. The Federation of Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state of the Federation of Malaysia is Yang Agong, commonly called king of Malaysia. Jan di Pertuan Agong was selected from and nine sultans of Malay states to serve for five years in turn; four other heads of state, named by the governors, did not participate in the elections. Malaysia's system of government is based on the Westminster parliamentary system, the legacy of the British colonial ruler. But in practice, power has been more centralized in the executive branch than in the legislature, and in the courts weakened by constant pressure from the government in the Mahathir era, the judiciary has been divided between the federal government and the state government. The powers of the legislature are divided between the federal legislature and the state legislature. The bicameral parliament consists of the lower house, the House of Commons (similar to the House of Representatives in Indonesia) and the High House, the Senate or the Council of State (similar to the Regional Representative Council in Indonesia). The 222 members of the House of Commons are elected in single-member constituencies governed by the population during the longest five-year term. 70 senators to serve a three-year term; Of these, 26 were elected by 13 state assemblies (each sending two envoys), two of whom represented the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur, one representing the federal territories of Labuan and Putrajaya, respectively, and 40 were appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister. In addition to federal parliaments, each state has a legislative council (State Legislature) whose members are elected by single-member constituencies. Parliamentary elections have been held for at least five years and the last general elections will be held in March 2008. Registered voters aged 21 and over may vote for House and state legislative candidates, as well as in some states. Voting is not required. Executive power is exercised by a cabinet headed by the Prime Minister; Malaysia's constitution stipulates that the Prime Minister must be a member of the lower house (House of Commons), which Jan di Pertuan Agong has the approval of a majority in Parliament. The Cabinet is elected from members of the House of Commons and the Council of State and is responsible to the body. [78]; while the Cabinet is an MP elected from the House of Commons or the Council of State. The State Government is headed by a Minister of State in Malaya or the Chief Minister in countries that do not support the local monarchy, namely a member of the State Assembly of majority parties in the State Legislative Assembly. In every state that supports the local monarchy, a minister of state must be a Malay Muslim, although this ruler is the subject of the wisdom of the rulers. Political power in Malaysia is very important fight for question and rights. Therefore, power plays a very important role in making changes. Administrative Divisions Main article: Administrative units of Malaysia Map Malaysia Region. Administratively, Malaysia has 13 states (11 in West Malaysia and 2 in East Malaysia) and 3 federal territories (all three federal territories are united in one in the Malaysian flag) symbolizing both fourteen lanes and star corners in the Malaysian flag called the Gemilang Line: the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur Putrajaya Labuan State Joe Darul Taksim Keda Darul Aman Kelantan Darul Naim Melak Historic City Negeri Sembilan Darul Husus Pahang Darul Makmur Macmoor Perak Darul Ridzuan Perlis feelings Kayangan Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara Sabah Negeri Pod Bayu Sarawak Bhumibol Kenyalang Selangor Darul Ehsan Terengganu Darul Iman Economy Home article: Malaysia's Economy Petronas Tower in Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia's rapid economic growth and prosperity are characterized by the towers of Petronas, the headquarters of the national oil giant. Bursa Malaysia Bukit Raja Selatan Industrial Estate in Selangor. The Malay Peninsula and, of course, southeast Asia have been a trading center in the region for centuries. Various products, such as ceramics and spices, were actively traded before the Malacca and Singaporean sultanates were raised. In the 17th century, they were founded in several states. Later, since the United Kingdom began to occupy this council as administrator of British Malaya, rubber and palm trees were introduced for commercial purposes. For a long time, Malaya became the world's largest producer of lead, rubber and palm oil. These three commodities, along with other commodities, are better at setting Malaysia's economic pace until the 20th century. In exchange for dependence on Malays as a source of labour, Britain brought the Chinese and Indians to work in mining, plantations and filling job vacancies. Although many of them returned to their home countries after the contract, some of them settled in Malaysia. As Malaya moved towards independence, the Government embarked on a five-year economic plan, beginning with Malaya's first five-year plan in 1955. When Malaysia was founded, the planning timelines were changed and moderated, starting with the First Plan of Malaysia in 1965. In the 1970s, Malaysia began to emulate the economies of four Asian tigers (Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore) and committed itself to a transition from a mining and agricultural economy to a manufacturing-based economy. Heavy industry began to open with Japanese investment, and a few years later Malaysia's exports became the main engine of the country's growth. Malaysia is constantly getting more GDP growth of 7% was accompanied by low inflation in the 1980s and 1990s. In principle, Malaysia's growth depends on the export of electronic materials such as computer chips and so on. As a result, Malaysia was under great pressure during the economic crisis in 1998 and the downturn in the information technology sector in 2001. KDNK in 2001 only increased by 0.3% due to an 11% reduction in the number of exports, but a large package of fiscal incentives reduced this impact. During the same period, the Government sought to reduce poverty through Malaysia's controversial new economic policy (NEP), following the inter-ethnic unrest of 1969 on 13 May. The main objective was to eliminate racial ties with economic functions, and the first five-year plan began to implement the NEP as the Second Malaysian Plan. The success or failure of the NEP has been the subject of discussion, although it officially ended in 1990 and has been replaced by the National Development Policy (NDP). Recently, there has been a resurgen new debate about the results and relevance of NEP. Some suggest that the NEP has clearly managed to create an upper middle class of Malay entrepreneurs and professionals. Despite some improvements in the strength of the Malay economy as a whole, the Malaysian Government has supported discriminatory policies that assist Malay tribes above other tribes, including the priority of recruitment, education, scholarships, trade, access to cheap housing and support savings. This particular appeal has caused jealousy and hatred among non-Malays and Malays. Chinese control over the country's local economic sector has been largely transferred to Bumiputra/Melayu in many strategic/important industries, such as oil derivatives, transport, agriculture and others. The majority of specialists per capita are still predominantly Indian-Malaysian. The rapid economic boom has caused a wide range of supply problems. At least the labor force was soon filled with millions of immigrant workers, many of whom were illegal. Cash-rich PLC and a consortium of banks soon benefited from the increase and acceleration of the launch of major infrastructure projects. This ended when the Asian financial crisis began in Asia in the autumn of 1997, dealing a serious blow to Malaysia's economy. As in other countries affected by the crisis, there was a speculative short sale of the Malaysian currency, ringgit. Foreign investment is falling at a dangerous pace as capital evaporates abroad, the value of the ringgit falls from 2.50 rubles per dollar to 4.80 rubles per U.S. dollar. The Bursa Malaysia composite index fell from nearly 1,300 points to a range of 400 points in a matter of weeks. After the controversial arrest of Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim, the Council of Action The National was formed in anticipation of the currency crisis. Bank Negara Malaysia determines capital controls and charges the Malaysian ringgit rate at 3.80 against the US dollar. However, Malaysia rejected economic aid packages from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which surprised foreign analysts. In March 2005, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published a document on the sources and measures to rebuild Malaysia, written by Jomo K.S. from the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Malay in Kuala Lumpur. The document concludes that the control provided by the Government of Malaysia does not aggravate or help recovery. The biggest factor is the increase in exports of electronic components, driven by increased demand for components in the United States, caused by concerns about the impact of the arrival in 2000 (Y2K) on older computers and other digital devices. However, after the fading of 2000, 2001 did not affect Malaysia, as did many other countries. This is a clearer indication that there are other causes and consequences that may be more appropriate for recovery. One possibility is that currency speculators have suffered financial bankruptcy after falling during the attack on the Hong Kong dollar in August 1998 and after the fall of the Russian ruble. (See George Soros) Regardless of the cause and effect of the claims, economic rejuvenation has also rolled in with massive budget deficits and public spending in the years after the crisis. Malaysia later enjoyed a faster economic recovery than its neighbours. However, in many respects the country has not yet returned to the pre-crisis level. While current development measures are not as fast as they used to be, they feel more stable. While economic control and safeguards are not the main reasons for the recovery, there is no doubt that the banking sector is becoming increasingly recovering from foreign attacks. The account is currently in a structural surplus, providing a cushion for capital extraction. Asset prices are now, part of their pre-crisis highs. Malaysia has a number of stable macroeconomic elements (where inflation and unemployment remain below 3%), healthy foreign exchange deposits and low external debt. This has prevented Malaysia from experiencing the same crisis as the Asian financial crisis of 1997. However, the long-term outlook looks less good due to the lack of changes in the corporate sector, especially those dealing with high and competitive corporate debt. that was observed after an hour of similar coercion by China. On the same ringgit ringgit one per cent compared to other major currencies and is expected to experience further appreciation. But in December 2005, expectations of further increases became mute as capital flows exceeded $10 billion. In September 2005, Howard Davies, director of the London School of Economics, warned Malaysian officials at a meeting in Kuala Lumpur that if they wanted to bring back flexible capital markets, they should lift the ban on short selling. In March 2006, Malaysia lifted a short ban on sales. Today, Malaysia is seen as a new industrial country. Main infrastructure article: Transport in Malaysia See also: Buildings and facilities at Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Selangor. KL Sentral train station in Kuala Lumpur with a trip to KRL, Monorail and LRT. Plus a toll road connecting the Malaysian peninsula from north to south. Malaysia has major roads connecting all major cities on the west coast of the Malaysian peninsula. In 2006, the total length of the Malaysian rapid track system was 1,471.6 kilometres. The network connects all the major cities and their surroundings: the Klang Valley, Johor Bahru and Penang to each other. The main motor lines (E1 and E2, E1 are the northern part of Kuala Lumpur, while E2 is the southern part) stretching from the northern and southern tip of the Malaysian Peninsula, respectively to Bukit Kayu Hitam and Johor Bahra. The line is part of the Asian Fast Track Network, which also connects Thailand and Singapore. Roads in East Malaysia and the east coast of the Malaysian peninsula are relatively poorly built. All of them are very winding roads through the mountains and were not covered with asphalt, gravel roads. As a result, the river is still an important transportation route, in addition to airplanes as a primary form or alternative transport for domestic residents. Trains in Western Malaysia are operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu and have an amplifier s amplenty rail connecting all major cities and small towns on the peninsula, which also extends to Singapore. In addition, Sabah has a short railway line operated by the Sabah State Railway, which mainly transports commodities. There are also several ports in the country. The main major ports of Malaysia are Port Klang in Selangor and the port of Tanjung Pelepas in Johor. Other important ports can be found in Tanjung Kidurong, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Kuantan, Pasir Gudang, Penang, Miri, Sandakan and Tawau. Airports are located in all corners of the country. Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) is the largest airport in the country. Other notable airports include Kota Kinabalu International Airport, Penang International Airport, Kuching International Airport, Langkawi International Airport and International Airport Senai. There are airports in small towns, as well as domestic airports pioneers in the urban areas of Sabah and Sarawak. There is a daily flight connecting East and West Malaysia. Malaysia is home to the region's budget airline, AirAsia. AirAsia is based in Sepang and has flights to Southeast Asia and China. Long-distance telecommunications services are provided in Western Malaysia mainly by shortwave radio. International communications are provided by underwater cables and satellites. One of the most important and largest telecommunications companies in Malaysia is Telekom Malaysia (TM), which provides products and services from fixed connections, mobile communications, as well as telephone Internet and broadband services. TM has a semi-monopoly fixed telephone service in the country. In December 2004, Lim Keng Yaik, Minister of Energy, Water and Communications, reported that only 0.85 per cent, or 218,004 people in Malaysia, were using broadband services. However, this figure is based on the number of customers, while the percentage of households more accurately reflects the situation. This is 0.45% more than in three quarters. He also said that the government intends to use 5% in 2006 and doubled to 10% in 2008. Lim Keng Yaik is urging local telecommunications companies and service providers to open the last mile and cheaper prices to benefit users. Natural Resources Tea Plantations in Pahang. Malaysia is blessed with natural resources such as agriculture, forestry and mining. In the agricultural sector, Malaysia is one of the largest exporters of natural rubber and palm oil, which, together with resin and logs, cocoa, peppers, pineapple and tobacco, dominate the sector. Palm oil is also Malaysia's main source of international trade. As far as forest resources are concerned, it is known that the attempt to make a meaningful contribution to Malaysia's economy in the 19th century. Today, an estimated 59% of mainland Malaysia is still wooded. The rapid growth of the resin industry, especially since the 1960s, has led to erosion of problems in the country's forests. However, due to the Government's commitment to the environment and the environmental system, forest resources are managed in a sustainable manner, resulting in a reduction in the rate of tree felling. In addition, a number of significant areas are regarded as silviculture and efforts have been made to restore forests to forested areas. The Malaysian Government plans to enrich 312.30 square kilometres of rattan land in natural forest conditions and between natural rubber crops as an intermediate crop product. To continuously enrich forest sources, fast-growing resin species, such as copper meranti, and the spoon is also planted. At the same time, it is also recommended to harvest high-quality trees such as teak and other trees to be used as pulp and paper. Coach, once Malaysia's main economy, has now replaced palm oil as Malaysia's main agricultural export commodity. Lead and oil are the two main mineral resources that are the main economic defenders of Malaysia. Malaysia was once the world's largest lead producer before the collapse of the tin market in the early 1980s. In the 19th and 20th centuries, tin played a dominant role in the Malaysian economy. In 1972, oil and natural gas took over the tin as the main commodity in the mineral processing sector. Meanwhile, lead contribution is decreasing. The discovery of oil and natural gas in the offshore oil fields of Sabah, Sarawak and Terenganu make an important contribution to Malaysia's economy. Other minerals, depending on the level of importance and importance, are copper, bauxite, iron and coal along with industrial minerals such as clay, kaolin, silicon, limestone, barite, phosphate and measuring rocks such as granite, as well as blocks and marble slabs. Also produced a certain amount of gold with minimalist content. In 2004, the minister in the Prime Minister's department, Mustapa Mohamed, stated that Malaysia's oil reserves were in the range of 4.84 billion barrels, while natural gas reserves increased to 89 trillion cubic feet (2,500 km3). On January 1, 2007, Petronas reported that Malaysia's oil and gas reserves ranged from 20.18 billion barrels. The Government estimates that at current production rates, Malaysia will be able to produce oil for up to 18 years and gas for up to 35 years. In 2004, Malaysia ranked 24th in terms of oil reserves in the world and 13th in gas reserves. 56% of oil reserves are located on the peninsula and 19% in East Malaysia. Each state reserves the right to control natural resources on its territory. However, the federal government controls oil and gas. Tourism Here are some popular attractions in Malaysia. Mount Kinabalu Bukit Bender, Penang Cameron Highlands, Pahang Genting, Pahang Mount Jerai, Keda Gora Kinabalu, Sabah Gunung Ledang, Johor Mount Tahan, Pahang River Lata Kinjang Falls, Perak Kota Tsingi Falls, Johor Lake Seven Falls, Keda Jeram Toi, Negeri Sembillan Pantay Batu Feringgi Batu Feringgi, Pinang Lunar Beach, Kelantan Pantai, Keda Morib Beach, Selangor - Perak Port Dixon, Negeri Sembilan Rantau Abang, Terenganu Teluk Danga, Johor Pulau Langkawi Pulau Kapas, Terenganu Langkawi Island, Pangkor Island, Perak Pulau Payar, Calling Island, Johor Pergentian Island, Terenganu Redang Island, Terenganu Shibu Island, Johor Pulau Sipadan, Sabah Tioman Island, Pahang Other KLCC (Kuala Lumpur City Center) Famosa, Caves Melaka Batu, Selangor Lake Kenyar, Terengan Sultan Abdul Samad Building, Kuala Lumpur Masjid Jamek, Kuala Lumpur National Mosque, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur Nu Hang Tuah, Melaka National Park Malaysia, Paha , Sarawak zoo Negara, Kuala Lumpur indigenous ethnic demographics of Malaysia in Johor. See also: The list of ethnic groups in Malaysia consists of different ethnic groups, with Malays accounting for 50.4 per cent of the largest racial and Bumiputr or Indigenous (Aboriginal) tribes in Sabah and Sarawak, which account for 11 per cent of the total population. According to the definition of the Malaysian constitution, Malays are Malay Muslims who use Malay language, who live in Malay customs and culture. Therefore, technically a Muslim of any race who exercises Malay customs and culture can be regarded as Malay and has the same rights when considering Malay privileges as stated in the Constitution. More than half of the non-Malay bhumiputra population is the dominant group in Sarawak state (30% of Iban), and about 60% of sabah population (18% is Kazan-Dusun, and 17% bajaus). Not Malay Bhumibol is divided into dozens of racial groups, but has the same common culture. Until the 20th century, most of them practiced traditional beliefs, but now many have converted to Christianity or Islam. The influx of other races has slightly reduced the proportion of indigenous people in both states. There are also a small number of Aboriginal groups on the peninsula, they are commonly referred to as Aboriginal. 23.7% of the population is Chinese-Malaysians, while India-Malaysia makes up 7.1% of the population. Most of the Indian community is Tamil (85%), but there are other groups, including Malayalam, Punjab and Gujarat. Some Malaysians have mixed Middle Eastern, Thai and Indonesian blood. , with more than 17 million people living in Western Malaysia, while no more than 7 million live in East Malaysia. Because of the growth of labour-intensive industries, Malaysia has between 10% and 20% of immigrant workers with a number of uncertainties about the number of illegal workers, especially from Indonesia. There are a million immigrant workers who are legal and possibly other illegal aliens. In Sabah alone, according to the latest census, nearly 25% of the 2.7 million inhabitants are registered as illegal immigrants. However, this picture of 25 per cent is believed to be less than half of the picture estimated by non-governmental organizations. In addition, According to the 2008 World Refugee Survey published by the U.S. Commission on Refugees and Immigrants, Malaysia accommodates up to 155,700 refugees and asylum seekers. Of these, almost 70,500 refugees and asylum-seekers are from the Philippines, 69,700 from Myanmar and 21,800 from Indonesia. The U.S. Commission on Refugees and Immigrants has named Malaysia as one of the 10 worst places for refugees because of the country's discriminatory practices against refugees. Malaysian officials reportedly repatriated migrants directly to smugglers in 2007, and Malaysia instructed RELA, a volunteer militia, to enforce the country's immigration laws. Religion Main article: Religion in Malaysia Read more: Islam in Malaysia National Mosque malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. Yin Fong Temple in Johor. Malaysia is a multi-religious society, and Islam is its official religion. According to the 2000 Census of Population and Housing, almost 60.4 per cent of the population converted to Islam; 19.2 per cent of Buddhists; 9.1 per cent of Christians; 6.3 per cent of Hindus; 2.6 per cent of the traditional Chinese language. The rest are believed to encompass other religions such as animism, popular religion, Sikhs and other beliefs; while 1.1% reported not being religious or not providing information. All Malays are considered Muslims (100%) as defined in article 160 of the Malaysian Constitution. Additional statistics from the 2000 census show that Malaysian Chinese have mostly converted to Buddhism (75.9%), with a significant number of people following the Taoist teachings (10.6%) and the 10.6 percent who followed the Taoist teachings. Most Malaysian Indians follow Hinduism (84.5%), with a small number following Christianity (7.7%) and The Majority Of People (84.5%). Christianity is the dominant religion for the non-Malay community of The Bhumibol (50.1%) another 36.3 per cent, known as Muslims, and 7.3 per cent are officially classified as followers of the popular religion. Malaysia's constitution theoretically guarantees freedom of religion. In addition, all non-Muslims who marry Muslims must renounce their religion and convert to Islam. At the same time, non-Muslims face various restrictions in their religious activities, such as the construction of religious sites and religious ceremonies in several states. Muslims are obliged to follow the decisions of sharia courts when they are concerned about their religion. The jurisdiction of the Sharia court is limited only to Muslims in relation to beliefs and duties including marriage, inheritance, apostasy and internal relationship relations People. No civil or criminal offence is under the jurisdiction of the Sharia court, which has the same hierarchy as the Malaysian Civil Court. Although civil courts (including the Federal Court, the Supreme Court of Malaysia) cannot in principle reach a verdict above the verdict of the sharia court; and, as a rule, they are reluctant to preside over cases related to Islam in the Territory or issues or problems related to the authority of the sharia court. This has led to significant problems, in particular civil cases between Muslims and non-Muslims, in which civil courts have ordered non-Muslims to seek help from the Sharia court. In early 2010, a High Court decision that ordered the Catholic newspaper Herald to use the word God for God caused more than four church buildings to be set on fire, while several others were crushed by a mob in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia's capital. The main article is Education: Education at the Malaysian Multimedia University in Melaca. Chung Hua High School in Sarawak. Education in Malaysia is controlled by the federal government Ministry of Education. Most Malaysian children start school between the ages of three and six in kindergarten. Most kindergartens are privately run, but there are several public kindergartens. Children start primary school at the age of seven for the next six years. There are two main types of primary schools run or assisted by the government. The native language school (National School of Type) uses Chinese or Tamil as an introductory language. Before continuing their studies in secondary school, grade 6 students must pass the primary school performance exam (Primary School Achievement Examination, UPSR). A program called Phase 1 Score, PTS is used to measure the ability of intelligent students, and allows them to climb from Grade 3 to Grade 5, skipping grade 4. However, the program was canceled in 2001. Second-degree education in Malaysia was conducted at Sekola Menenga Kebangsaan (equivalent to a secondary school in Indonesia) for five years. Sekola Menenga Kebangsaan uses Malaysian as an introductory language. In the case of mathematics and science, as well as non-Malay languages, this has been in place since 2003, before all implicit lessons were taught in Malaysian. At the end of the third form, which is the third grade, students are tested in a low intermediate grade, PMR. In the fifth grade of the second grade (Form 5) students take the Malaysian Education Certificate (SPM), which is equivalent to the former British ordinary 'O'. The oldest school in Malaysia is Penang Free School, also the oldest school in Southeast Asia. Malaysia's second-tier national education is divided into several types, namely the National Secondary School, religious secondary school, national secondary school, missionary school, technical school, boarding school and MARA Junior Science College. There are also 60 Chinese independent high schools in Malaysia, most of which speak Chinese. The Chinese independent high school is controlled and standardized by the Association of United Chinese School Committees of Malaysia (UCSCAM, more commonly mentioned in Chinese, Dong Tsong also), but, unlike public schools, every independent school is free to make decisions. Studying in an independent school takes 6 years, is divided into the junior stage (3 years) and the senior stage (3 years). Students will take the standardization test conducted by UCSCAM, known as the Single Examination Certificate (UEC) in High School 3 (equivalent to low intermediate grades) and Senior Intermediate 3 (equivalent to Stage A). A number of independent schools hold classes in Malaysian and English in addition to Chinese, allowing students to take low grades and a Malaysian Certificate of Education as well. Prior to the introduction of the matrix system, students wishing to enter public universities must complete an additional 18 months of secondary school in Form 6 (class 6) and pass the Malaysian High School Certificate, STPM; equivalent to the British Advanced or 'A' stage. With the introduction of matriculus programs as an alternative to STPM in 1999, students who have completed a 12-month matriculus program (matricular colleges in Malaysia) can enroll in local universities. However, in the matrix system, only 10% of the bench is available for non-Bumiputra students and the rest of Bumiputra students. There are public universities such as the University of Malaya, the University of Science Malaysia, the University of Putra Malaysia University of Technology Malaysia, Universitas Teknologi Mara, and Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia. Private universities also have a reputation for international quality education, and many students from all over the world are interested in enrolling in these universities. For example, Multimedia University, Petronas University of Technology and others. In addition, since 1998, four reputable international universities have established branches in Malaysia. The campus of the branch can be considered as an offshore campus of a foreign university, same lectures and awards as the main campus. Local and international students can achieve this identical overseas qualification in Malaysia at a low price. Foreign university affiliates of campuses in Malaysia are: Monash University Malaysia Campus, Curtin University Sarawak University campus, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, and University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus. Students also have the opportunity to enter a private higher education institution after graduating from high school. Most institutions have educational links with foreign universities such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, allowing students to spend their academic periods receiving foreign qualifications. One example is SEGi College in partnership with Aberteum University Dundee. Malaysian students study abroad, such as Indonesia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New York, Canada, Singapore, Japan and the Middle East, such as Jordan and Egypt. There are also Malaysian students at several universities in Korea, Germany, France, China, Ireland, India, Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. In addition to the Malaysian national curriculum, Malaysia has an international school. International schools give students the opportunity to study the curriculum from other countries. These schools are mostly open due to the growing expatriate population in the country. International schools include: Sekolah Indonesia (Indonesian curriculum), Australian International School, Malaysia (Australian Curriculum), Alice Smith School (British Curriculum), Elc International School (British Curriculum), Garden International School (British Curriculum), Lodge International School (British Curriculum), Kuala Lumpur International School (American Curriculum and International School of School), Japanese School kuala Lumpur (Japanese Curriculum), Chinese School of Taipei , Penang International School (British curriculum and international bachelor of youth), Lyc'e France de Kuala Lumpur (French curriculum), and others. Kuala Lumpur Public Health Hospital Malaysia holds a level of interest in the expansion and development of health care, 5% of the government's budget for the development of the social sector for public health - an increase of more than 47% compared to the previous period. This means an all increase of more than 2 billion Malaysian ringgit (more than 6.5 trillion rupees). With life expectancy and population growth, the Government intends to improve many sectors, including improving existing hospitals, building and equipping new hospitals, increasing the number of public clinics, and improving training and services (telemedicine). Many years ago, the government stepped up efforts to modernize the system and attract more foreign investors. Malaysia's health system requires doctors to serve three years in public hospitals to provide services to the hospital's human resources. Foreign doctors have also recently been appointed here. But there is still a shortage of medical personnel, especially experienced professionals, with the result that certain services and health care exist only in large cities. Recent efforts to attract many sites to other cities have been hampered by a shortage of experts to run equipment available to investors. Most private hospitals are urban, and unlike many public hospitals, are equipped with the latest diagnostics and imaging. Private hospitals are generally not seen as ideal investments - it can take at least a decade before investors make a profit. However, the situation is now changing and the company is now looking at the region again, particularly despite the growing interest of foreigners coming to Malaysia for health purposes and the government's focus on building a medical tourism industry. Most Malaysians obtained citizenship from Lex soli. Citizenship in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia differs from Western Malaysian citizenship for immigration purposes. Every citizen has a biometric smart CHIP IDENTITY card, commonly called MyKad, at the age of 12, and must carry this card at any time. The great cities of Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru Shah Alam Subang Jaya Alor Setar Budaya See also: Tourism in Malaysia, Malaysian Cuisine, and Malaysian Music Dancer presents the dance Ulek Mayang, a dance performance from Terengganu. Malaysian culture refers to the culture of all the complex communities found in Malaysia and various tribes there, such as: Malay culture of Chinese culture of Indian culture Kadazan-Dusun Budaya Dayak, Iban, Kayan, Kenyah, Murut, Lun Bawang, Kelabit, and Bidayuh. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual society. The population in February 2007 was 26.6 million, consisting of 62% Bumiputera (including Malay), 24% Chinese, 8% Indian, with several minorities and indigenous tribes (Malaysian Ministry of Statistics). Tensions in the tribe arose in 2008. He's dancing. Malays, the largest group, are identified as Muslims in malaysia's constitution. Malays play a politically dominant role and classics as one of the bumiputra. The original language was Malay, and was made the national language of Malaysia. In the past, Malays wrote in Sanskrit or Sanskrit based on the alphabet (quote is necessary). After the 15th century, Jawi writing (based on Arabic) became popular. Shortly after, the Roman letter took on the role of Sanskrit and Javi as the dominant letter. This was mainly due to the influence of the colonial education system, which taught children Roman writing rather than Arabic writing. Hindus in Selangor. The largest non-Malaysian indigenous tribe is Iban Sarawak, which has a population of more than 600,000 people. Some Ibans still live in traditional forest villages in long houses along the Rajang and Lupar rivers and their watersheds, although many of the Ibans have moved to the city. Bidayauh, which has a population of about 170,000, is based in the south-west of Sarawak. The largest indigenous tribe in Sabah is Kadazan. They are usually Christian farmers. The 140,000 Aboriginal, or Aboriginal, is made up of a number of different tribal communities in Western Malaysia. Usually hunters, farmers moved, and farmers, many of them later settled, and some mingled in modern Malaysia. The Chinese in Malaysia tend to adhere to Buddhism (from the Mahayana sect) or also adhere to Taoism. Chinese in Malaysia speaks several Chinese dialects, including Mandarin, Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka and Theohu. The Chinese majority in Malaysia, the most notable of them are the major cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, and Penang can speak English as well. There are also a growing number of Chinese who see English as their native language. The Chinese in Malaysia have become dominant in the Malaysian trade community. Penang Rujak in Malaysia. Mainly an Indian-Malaysian Hindu tribe from southern India, whose native Tamil language, there are also Indian communities that speak Telugu, Malayalam, and Hindi, settling mainly in major cities on the west coast of the peninsula. Many upper-middle-class Indians in Malaysia also speak English as their native language. The number of Tamil Muslim communities with 200,000 members has also grown as an independent subcultural group. There are also Christian Tamil communities in major cities. There is also a Sikh community in Malaysia exceeding 83,000 people. Most of India and Malaysia originally migrated from India as merchants, teachers or other experts. A large number were also part of migrants forced from India by the British during colonial times to work in the planting industry. Eurasians, Cambodians, Vietnamese, Thais, Minangkabay, Boogis, Javanese, Bandjar, Acehnes and indigenous tribes helped to enrich the disunity of Malaysians. A small number of Eurasians, mixed Portuguese and Malays, speak Portuguese Creoles, called Kristang. There are also mixed Eurasians Spain, especially in Sabah. Received from immigrants from the Philippines, some of them speak Chavacano, the only Spanish Creole language in Asia. Cambodians and Vietnamese are mostly Buddhists (Cambodian sect Theravada, Vietnamese: Mahayana sect). Tai Malaysians are a large group in the states of Perlis, Keda, Penang, Perak, Kelantan and Terenganu. In addition to speaking Thai, most of them are Buddhists, celebrate Songkran (water festival) and speak Hokkien, but some of them are Muslims and speak Malay dialect kelantan. Bugis and Javanese became part of the population in Johor. In addition, there are also many foreigners and expatriates who make Malaysia their second home and also contributes to the population of Malaysia. The Chinese and Islamic influences of traditional Malaysian music are to a large extent. The music is mostly based on drums, but includes other instruments (some of which are clawed); rebab, a string instrument of a kind of violin; chrysnai, oboe-like inflatable device with two reeds; distilled, and trumpet. The country has a strong tradition in terms of dance and ballet, some of them from Thailand, India and Portugal. Recently, the West began to communicate, and the government began to promote it as a national cultural icon. Other art forms were also influenced by its neighbour, Indonesia, including leather dolls, spowery foams and crafts such as batik, weaving, including ceremonial pua kumbu clothing, and silver and brass carvings. Malaysian holidays recognize a number of holidays and annual holidays. Some of the holidays were declared by the federal government, while others were introduced by the state government. Other celebrations are used by certain ethnic groups or religions, but are not considered holidays. The most famous holiday was Independence Day on 31 August to commemorate the independence of the Federation of Malaya in 1957, and on 16 September to mark the founding of Malaysia in 1963. Independence Day, as well as Labor Day (May 1), the King's birthday (early Saturday in June) and a number of other celebrations are holidays set by the federal government. Muslims in Malaysia celebrate an Islamic holiday. The biggest holiday is Eid al-Fitr. This holiday is celebrated by Muslims all over the world, marking the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting for Muslims. The characteristic of the new moon indicates the end of Ramadan, the end of the fast period. In addition to Eid al-Fitr, Malaysian Muslims also celebrate Eid al-Adha, islamic New Year, and Maulid Nabi. The Chinese in Malaysia are also celebrating Chinese days in the world. Chinese New Year is most celebrated among fifteen-day festivals and ends Cap Go Meh. Other Chinese celebrations Tsingming, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Another thing is that Buddhists celebrate Wesak. Most Indians in Malaysia are Hindus and they celebrate Deepawali, a festival of light, while Taipusam is celebrated by pilgrims from all over the country who gathered in the caves of Batu. In addition to Hindus, Sikhs celebrate Waisah, Sikh New Year. Other celebrations, such as Good Friday (only in East Malaysia), Christmas, Hawaii Dayak in the community of Iban (Dayak), the Reaper Party (Kaamatana Party) in the community of Kadazan Dusun, are also celebrated in Malaysia. The main characters in Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman Dato'Onn Jafar Tunku Abdul Rahman Tun Abdul Razak Tun Hussain Onn Tun Mahathir bin Mohamad Tun Abdullah bin Haji Ahmad Badawi ORGANIZATION EAF ASEAN OIC Commonwealth Cooperation Of the United Nations GNB Other Facts Kuala Lumpur Main Day City August 31, 1957 Motto Increasingly Allied Quality of the Asian Continent, Southeast Asia Geographical coordinates 2 30 U, 112 30 T Annual rain 2000 and 2500 mm Tropical climate with temperatures 24-35 Celsius Official flowers Official flowers Tiger the highest peak of Mount Kinabalu, Mount Crocker (4175 m) Highest peak of the Gunung Tahan Peninsula, Mount Tahan (2187 m) Longest Mount Titivangsa (500 km) The longest river Rajang, Sarawak (500 km) 563 km) Longest river on the Pahan Peninsula (475 km) The longest bridge Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Bridge 2) (24 km) Largest cave Gua Mulu and Nia Cave , Sarawak The tallest building of the Twin Tower Petronas (452m) Largest state Sarawak (124,450 sq km) The smallest state of Perlis (810 sq km) The wettest place is the beech laruth (more than 5080 mm) The driest place Kuala Saw (less than 1524 mm) Kuala Lumpur Most congested area (6074/km2, 15,543/square miles) Major export plantings of palm oil and rubber See also List of countries in the World List of countries in Malaysia Malay Society in Malaysia Miss Malaysia Malaysian political parties Malaysian political parties Malaysian Police Royal Malaysian Awards Sign Jan di Pertuan Agong List of Malaysian cuisine Links to the Malaysian flag and coat of arms. The Malaysian government. Archive from the original on October 22, 2013. Received on September 9, 2013. Current demographic estimates of Malaysia 2016-2017. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Received on July 14, 2017. States, Religion and Law Federation (PDF). The Constitution of Malaysia. Commission on the appointment of judges. Received on October 29, 2017. Islam is the religion of the Federation; however, other religions could be practiced in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation. Population distribution and key demographic characteristics of the 2010 report (Updated: 05/08/2011). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. July 29, 2011. 11, 2018. Hariz Mohd. Sources: Sultan Pahang elected as the new Agong. Malaysiakini. Malaysiakini. Received on January 24, 2019. Mackay, Derek (2005). Eastern Customs: Customs in British Malaya and the opium trade. Radcliffe's press. page 240-. ISBN 978-1-85043-844-1. Current Demographic Estimates, Malaysia, 2016-2017. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. July 14, 2017. Received on June 11, 2018. Population distribution and basic demographic characteristics (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. page 82. Archive from the original (PDF) dated May 22, 2014. Received on October 4, 2011. b c d World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018. IMF.org International Monetary Fund. Received on February 23, 2019. Gini's index. The World Bank. Received on December 20, 2018. Human Development Report 2018 (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Received on September 14, 2018. error quotes b c d: Invalid tag there is no text found for the referee, called am001 and Article 1. The Constitution of Malaysia. a b c d e CIA. The book about facts in the world: Malaysia. Received 2006-12-09. Jan di Pertuan Agong is commonly referred to as King, Head, or Great - Article 33. The Constitution of Malaysia. Article 43. The Constitution of Malaysia. Federation of International Trade Associations. General information malaysian. Received 2007-12-07. Bug b quote: Invalid tag There is no text found for the referee, called am002'a b Time Magazine. A new nation. September 9, 1957. paragraph b 22. Singapore. The path to independence. Federal Research Department, Library of Congress. A series of regional guides/government assessments. The U.S. Army. Received 2006-12-09. - b Time Magazine. The art of dispelling anxiety. Aug. Paragraph 25. Singapore. The path to independence. Federal Research Department, Library of Congress. A series of regional guides/government assessments. The U.S. Army. Received 2006-12-09. - United Nations - Treaty No. 8029 and b Pavel Boyk (2006). New industrialized countries. Globalization and the transformation of foreign policy. Ashgate Publishing, LLC 164. ISBN 0-75-464638-6. b. Gregory Mankiv (4th edition 2007). The principles of the economy. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/Southwest. ISBN 0-32-422472-9. Check the date for the following: year (reference) and Prime Minister's office. The security of the Strait of Malacca and its impact on security in the South-East Asia region. Received 2007-11-26. American University. Tin mining in Malaysia. Received 2007-11-14. Bank Negara Malaysia. BNM National Ikhtisan data page. Received 2007-11-08. Australian Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts. Received 2009-01-24. ^ </ref></ref>Article 152. The Constitution of Malaysia. Article 3. The Constitution of Malaysia. Review. Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Received 2007-11-08. List of member states. Un. Received 2007-11-08. Commonwealth Secretariat. Received 2007-11-08. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Turkey. D-8 Facts and Images. Received 2015-08-31. Reference work of a new student. 1914. Sakai, Manako. Re-awakening Malay ties in Southeast Asia. Pages 46-47. Suarez, Thomas. Early mapping of Southeast Asia. Earl, George S. W. (1850). On the leading characteristics of the Papuan, Australian and Malay Polynesian peoples. Diary of the Indian Archipelago and East Asia (JIAEA): p.119. Cs1 mains: Additional text (link) - Phylodeography and ethnogenesis of Southeast Asian Aboriginal people. Oxford magazines. Received 2008-11-11. ASEAN member: Malaysia received 2008-05-29. Sabri sain, Parameswara. Received on August 31, 2015. M. Nasruddin Anshori C, Swan failed: seeking national identity, PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara, 2008, ISBN 979-1283-65-6, 9789791283656 - Mahathir Mohamad. Our territory, our own. Time Asia Magazine. Extracted May. Time Magazine. Citizenship token. May. Time Magazine. End of siege. May 2, 1960. Time Magazine. Hooray Harry. December - Time magazine. Fighting the Federation. December - 15th session of the UN General Assembly - 18th session of the UN General Assembly - Malaysia issue (pages:41-44) - Manila Agreements between Philippnes, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (July 31, 1963) - Time Journal. Racial war in Malaysia. May. Extracted Dec. A series of United Nations Treaties No. 8809, the Manil Agreement, The United Nations Treaty Series 8809, relating to the implementation of the Manil Agreement, the Republic of the Philippines. The State Department. Frequently asked questions about the decision of the International Court of Justice. Extracted Dec. Philippines claims to Sabah. epilipins. Received on June 21, 2010. The exchange of notes comprising the agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Agreement of 31 July 1963 is a b Jomo Kwame Sundaram. UNRISD New economic policy and interconnected relations in Malaysia. Extracted Dec. Anthony Spaet. Time Magazine. Go to fame. December 9, 1996. Anthony Spaet. Time Magazine. He's a leader. September. - Malaysian petitioners against police officers and 30,000 Hindraf protesters hold a rally on the streets of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiakini.com, November 25, 2007. OUTLAWED: Hindraf is a distraction of peace and security, News Straits Times Malaysia, October 16, 2008. MIC PM transfer to ISA - (Hindraf works terrorist assistance). The court rejected habeas corpus' request for five Hindraff leaders. Leu Chia Wei. Travel time. The New Straits Times. The southernmost council of Asia. Extracted Dec. Sager Ahmad. Travel time. The New Straits Times. Cape Piya, the end of Asia. Extracted Dec. Andrew Marshall. Time Magazine. Water path to the world. Extracted Dec. Article 32. The Constitution of Malaysia. Article 44. The Constitution of Malaysia. Article 45. The Constitution of Malaysia. Article 46. The Constitution of Malaysia. Error quote: there is no text found for the referee, named by the State Department, and MALAYSIA (House of Commons). Inter- parliamentary union. September 29, 2008. Article 43 (2). Malaysian Constitution - Article 43 (1). The Constitution of Malaysia - Time magazine. Rubber from Minor. March 1, 1943. How can Sri Lanka be converted to Malaysia and Singapore? Rajkumar Kanagasingam. Wijeya Newspapers Ltd, Sri Lanka. Daily Mirror. November 17, 2005. Received 2008-03-28. URL-wikilink conflict (help) - Go, Melissa (November 21, 2006). Educators in Malaysia believe that NEP can cause racial polarization. Malaysia today. Malaysia snatches of ringgit peg. Edge Daly. 2005-07-22. Check the date by date (help) - Department of Statistics. Malaysia. The quarterly balance of payments for October - December 2005. Access to the Dec. - Financial Times. Malaysia has eased its ban on short selling. Received 2006-03-28. William Bolton; Michael Pecht, William Tucker, Sam Wennberg (May 1997). Malaysia. Electronics Manufacturing in the Pacific, World Technology Assessment Center. Received 2007-09-26. - Petronas 1H profit up 7.7% to RM26.6b - b c CIA World Factbook - Estimated 2004 - All Sabahans must fight BN and UMNO. Malaysia today. August 15, 2006. b World Refugee Survey 2008. U.S. Committee on Refugees and Immigrants. 2008-06-19. - Press release Census of Population and Housing, Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Accessed April 3, 2007. b General Report of the Population and Housing Census for 2000. Putrajaya: Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2005. pages 60-64. ISBN 9839044265. Unknown parameters Co-authors ignore (recommends the author) (help) and article 160 (2). The Constitution of Malaysia. - Inter Press Service: The demolition of the temples is creeping Islamization. Received 2006-06-04. BBC: Pressure on multi-faith Malaysia. Received 2006-06-04. - leaders condemn the church burning incident in Desa Melawati - church attacks in Malaysia deepen racial tensions, 4 churches in Malaysia burned and CHURCHBURNED, POLICE INCREASE SECURITY - Ninth schedule. The Constitution of Malaysia. World Education Forum. Unesco. for the entire 2000 evaluation report. Malaysia. Extracted Dec. Information for applicants from Malaysia. University of Abertia Dundee. Received 2008-10-27. Medical tourism, Malaysian Government Portal. Received 2007-10-12. Article 14. Malaysia's Constitution - Star online. More than just a map. Received 2007-11-26. International Herald Tribune. Ethnic anger is on the rise in Malaysia. Received 2008-01-30. Non-resident Indians and persons of Indian origin. NIOL. NIOL. Received 2008-11-27. Most Indians migrated to Malaysia as working plantations under British rule. Indian Fulbright scholar honored Malaysian Prime Minister. India Post.com. Received 2008-11-27. The British encouraged many Indians to migrate from India to Malaysia, and they were mostly lower caste groups to the British to take advantage of this, says Ramanujan, adding that thousands of Indians, especially from Tamil Nadu, came as snow-covered labor to work on plantations, and few of them come as plantation managers or more skilled labor. - Malaysian Ministry of Information portal. The national competition of Dickir Barat will be expanded next year, 2006. Received 2009-01-30. Library 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. Malay states. Abidin bin Abdul Wahid; Hu, Kei Kim; Muhd Yusof ibn Ibrahim; Singh, D.S. Ranjit (1994). Integrated Curriculum of Historic High School Level 2. Language and library advice. ISBN Chung Chung Hai. Principles of Public Administration: Introduction. Kuala Lumpur: Karisma Publication.ISBN 978-983-195-253-5. Osborne, Milton (2000). Southeast Asia: An Introductory History. Allen and Unwin. External LINKS to ISBN Learn about Malaysia on other Wikimedia projects: Definitions and translations of Wiktionary Images and media from Commons News from wikinews Excerpts from the text Wikiquote Source from Wikisource Books from Wikibook Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malaysia. The government portal of the Malaysian government Office of the Prime Minister of Malaysia Malaysia Department of Statistics Malaysia Chairman and Cabinet Of Ministers of Malaysia the official website of the Malaysian Parliament Malaysia General Information in the encyclopedia Britannica Malaysia in the CIA World Factbook. Malaysia from UCB Library GovPubs Malaysia in Curlie (from DMOS) Map of Malaysia on Wikimedia Atlas (UK) Malaysia Tourism Wikivoyage map has a guide to Malaysia. Malaysia Tourism Board website about tourist attractions in Malaysia Guide to Malaysia (Web/WAP) Sourced from sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia adalah. sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia hari ini. sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia pdf. sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia menganut sistem. ciri-ciri sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia. fungsi sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia. pengenalan sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia. kesan sistem pemerintahan negara malaysia

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