Moldova: an Overview
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OVERVIEW This Second Webinar Series is part of CEELI to Justice During and After the Pandemic Institute’s program with the Central and East – is particularly relevant to the judiciary European Judicial Exchange Network. The in the current climate, but also touches on CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPEAN Network, which has been going since 2012, is numerous access to justice issues that have JUDICIAL EXCHANGE NETWORK comprised of some of the best and brightest on-going relevance beyond the current young judges from eighteen countries who extraordinary circumstances. The first gather regularly to share best practices on series, which explored Videoconferencing issues of judicial independence, integrity, in support of Remote Access to Courts, WEBINAR DISCUSSION accountability, and court management. As took place bi-weekly between April 7 and SERIES #2 international in-person meetings are likely May 19 2020, and is available on-demand to be limited for some time to come, the to all Network members through the CEELI ACCESS TO JUSTICE Webinar Series ensures that the Network Online platform. To request a logon for can continue to meet its mandate to improve CEELI Online to access content please email DURING AND AFTER judicial integrity and court efficiency [email protected]. This second series THE PANDEMIC in Central and Eastern Europe, despite aims to build on the first by looking beyond the global lockdowns resulting from the videoconferencing to broader justice issues June/July 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The topic – Access raised by the pandemic. WEBINAR #1 In this first session, a number of judges SPEAKERS: from the Judicial Network shared firsthand TUESDAY 2 JUNE 2020 experience of running hearings by JUDGE VICTORIA SANDUTA, (75 MINUTES) videoconference. -
European Influences in Moldova Page 2
Master Thesis Human Geography Name : Marieke van Seeters Specialization : Europe; Borders, Governance and Identities University : Radboud University, Nijmegen Supervisor : Dr. M.M.E.M. Rutten Date : March 2010, Nijmegen Marieke van Seeters European influences in Moldova Page 2 Summary The past decades the European continent faced several major changes. Geographical changes but also political, economical and social-cultural shifts. One of the most debated topics is the European Union and its impact on and outside the continent. This thesis is about the external influence of the EU, on one of the countries which borders the EU directly; Moldova. Before its independency from the Soviet Union in 1991, it never existed as a sovereign state. Moldova was one of the countries which were carved out of history by the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact in 1940 as it became a Soviet State. The Soviet ideology was based on the creation of a separate Moldovan republic formed by an artificial Moldovan nation. Although the territory of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic was a former part of the Romanian province Bessarabia, the Soviets emphasized the unique and distinct culture of the Moldovans. To underline this uniqueness they changed the Moldovan writing from Latin to Cyrillic to make Moldovans more distinct from Romanians. When Moldova became independent in 1991, the country struggled with questions about its national identity, including its continued existence as a separate nation. In the 1990s some Moldovan politicians focussed on the option of reintegration in a Greater Romania. However this did not work out as expected, or at least hoped for, because the many years under Soviet rule and delinkage from Romania had changed Moldovan society deeply. -
Moldova's National Minorities: Why Are They Euroskeptical?
Moldova’s National Minorities: Why are they Euroskeptical? Marcin Kosienkowski William Schreiber November 2014 Russia/NIS Center Ifri is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debates and research activities. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ alone and do not reflect the official views of their institutions. Russia/NIS Center © All rights reserved – Ifri – Paris, 2014 ISBN: 978-2-36567-330-3 IFRI IFRI-Bruxelles 27 RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THERESE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 – FRANCE 1000 BRUXELLES, BELGIQUE TEL. : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 TEL. : 32(2) 238 51 10 FAX : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 FAX : 32 (2) 238 51 15 E-MAIL : [email protected] E-MAIL : [email protected] WEBSITE : www.ifri.org Russie.Nei.Visions Russie.Nei.Visions is an online collection of articles dedicated to the study of Russia and other former Soviet states (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). Written by leading experts, these policy-oriented papers deal with strategic, political and economic issues. -
Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy
Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs April 23, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21981 Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy Summary Although a small country, Moldova has been of interest to U.S. policy makers due to its position between NATO and EU member Romania and strategic Ukraine. In addition, some experts have expressed concern about Russian efforts to extend its hegemony over Moldova through various methods, including a troop presence, manipulation of Moldova’s relationship with its breakaway Transnistria region, and energy supplies and other economic links. Moldova’s political and economic weakness has made it a source of organized criminal activity of concern to U.S. policy makers, including trafficking in persons. U.S. and Moldovan experts have expressed concern about whether Russian President Putin’s annexation of Crimea and attempted destabilization of eastern Ukraine presages a similar effort toward Moldova, including Russian recognition of the independence of Transnistria. After July 2009 parliamentary elections, a group of opposition parties to the then-ruling Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) formed a governing coalition that pledged to carry out reforms with the goal of closer integration with the European Union. There are few ideological differences among the governing parties, which are mainly vehicles for key political leaders and politically connected big businessmen. New parliamentary elections are expected to be held in November 2014. Moldova is Europe’s poorest country, according to the World Bank. Moldova’s GDP grew by a rapid 8.9% in 2013, spurred by strong consumer spending and a good agricultural harvest, rebounding from a drought the previous year. -
Lauren A. Shumate
Lauren A. Shumate Associate Fort Lauderdale [email protected] 954-468-1350 Practice & Industry Education Bar & Court Admissions Areas University of Notre Dame, Florida Bar, 2017 Business Litigation Notre Dame, IN, J.D., cum laude, 2017 Construction Law University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, MA, 2014 University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, BA, magna cum laude, 2010 Overview Lauren Shumate focuses her practice on complex litigation. She is personally dedicated to providing diligent legal representation in an efficient manner. Prior to joining Gunster, Lauren interned for the Honorable James D. Whittemore of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, as well as for the Honorable Raymond O. Gross of the Sixth Circuit in Pinellas County, Florida. Additionally, Lauren has concentrated on developing her litigation skills by interning with the Florida Attorney General’s Office of Statewide Prosecution and trying misdemeanor and traffic cases at the Elkhart County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office in Elkhart, Indiana. Prior to her legal career, Lauren was selected as a Fulbright Scholar to Serbia where she taught English at the University of Nis and served as a guest lecturer at the Faculty of Law in Nis, Serbia. She also worked closely with the United States Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia assisting with rule of law and judicial reform efforts. 1 of 3 Lauren previously competed on the Women’s Professional Tennis Tour and achieved a world ranking before accepting a full scholarship to play collegiate tennis. She served as captain of the varsity tennis team and was named a graduate assistant coach while pursuing her master’s degree. -
Automatic Exchange of Information: Status of Commitments
As of 27 September 2021 AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION (AEOI): STATUS OF COMMITMENTS1 JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES IN 2017 (49) Anguilla, Argentina, Belgium, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bulgaria, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus2, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Seychelles, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, United Kingdom JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2018 (51) Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan3, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Curacao, Dominica4, Greenland, Grenada, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Macau (China), Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Monaco, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue4, Pakistan3, Panama, Qatar, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sint Maarten4, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago4, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Vanuatu JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2019 (2) Ghana3, Kuwait5 JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2020 (3) Nigeria3, Oman5, Peru3 JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2021 (3) Albania3, 7, Ecuador3, Kazakhstan6 -
A/HRC/19/60/Add.2 General Assembly
United Nations A/HRC/19/60/Add.2 General Assembly Distr.: General 27 January 2012 Original: English Human Rights Council Nineteenth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, Heiner Bielefeldt Addendum Mission to the Republic of Moldova* Summary The present report contains the findings and recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief on his mission to the Republic of Moldova, from 1 to 8 September 2011. In the report, the Special Rapporteur gives an overview of the international human rights standards, the domestic legal framework on freedom of religion or belief and the religious demography in the Republic of Moldova. Subsequently, he addresses issues of concern for his mandate relating to the general situation of freedom of religion or belief in the country, including the privileged status of the Moldovan Orthodox Church; manifestations of intolerance; freedom of religion or belief in public school education and conscientious objection to military service. In his conclusions and recommendations, the Special Rapporteur expresses his appreciation for the fact that the Moldovan society has been, and continues to be, in a process of rapid transformation, which includes, inter alia, the development of a sustainable human rights culture in the country. The implementation of human rights standards ranks high on the Government’s agenda, and significant progress has been made. This includes freedom of religion or belief, a human right by and large respected in the Republic of Moldova. -
Moldova and Bosnia and Herzegovina ______
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN MOLDOVA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA _______________ FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA PREAMBLE Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Government of the Republic of Moldova (hereinafter referred to as “the Parties”), Reaffirming their desire to actively participate in the process of economic integration in Europe; Admitting that Parties are willing to consolidate these relations and to establish strong and durable relationships of cooperation and economic integration; Reaffirming their commitment to pluralist democracy based on observance of the rules, rights and basic human liberties of the state governed by the rule of law; Firmly convinced that this Agreement will promote intensification of commercial mutually advantageous exchange leading to creation of a wide zone of free trade, and contributing to the process of European integration; Resolved for this purpose to progressively eliminate the barriers in mutual trade in general, in conformity with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994) and the Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), Bosnia and Herzegovina having objective to become WTO member; Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 Objectives 1. The Parties shall gradually establish a free trade area on substantially all their bilateral trade in a -
Moldova: Basic Facts
Order Code 95-403 F Updated June 26, 2001 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Moldova: Basic Facts Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary This short report provides information and analysis on Moldova, including its history, political and economic situation, foreign policy, and U.S. policy toward Moldova. This report will be updated as events warrant. History Moldova at a Glance Moldova is a part of the area Land Area: 33,371 sq. km., about the size of known historically as Bessarabia, Maryland. geographically delineated by the Prut River on the west, the Dniestr River Population: 4.4 million (2000 estimate) on the north and east, the Black Sea on the southeast, and the Kiliya Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $1.41 billion (Chilia) arm of the Danube delta on in 2000. the south. The Republic of Moldova approximately coincides with the Ethnic Composition: 64.5% Moldovan, eastern half of the Romanian 13.8% Ukrainian, 12.8% Russian, 3.5% principality of Moldavia (1359- Gagauz (Turkic-speaking Orthodox Christians), 1859). In 1812 it was ceded to 2.0% Bulgarian (1989 census). Russia by the Ottoman Empire. Most of this area remained under Political Leaders: President: Vladimir Russian control until 1918. At that Voronin; Prime Minister: Vasile Tarlev; time the whole of Bessarabia became Foreign Minister: Nicolae Chernomaz; part of Romania. This reintegration Parliament Chairman: Yevgenia Ostapchuk with Romania was never recognized by the Soviet Union which, in Sources: 2000 CIA Factbook, Economist October 1924, established the Intelligence Unit, International Monetary Fund Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) on the east bank of the Dniestr (in Ukraine). -
Reforming the Social Protection System Through the Introduction of a New Child Benefits System and Integrated Case Management Approach
Realising Children’s Rights through Social Policy in Europe and Central Asia Action Area 1 A Compendium of UNICEF’s Contributions (2014-2020) 40 NORTH MACEDONIA // Reforming the Social Protection System through the Introduction of a new Child Benefits System and Integrated Case Management Approach © UNICEF/UNI200268/Nybo Realising Children’s Rights through Social Policy in Europe and Central Asia 41 A Compendium of UNICEF’s Contributions (2014-2020) North Macedonia Issue North Macedonia has recently made moderate gains in other social care services, which generated duplications in economic growth development. However, this progress coverage and money, and wasted time. Widespread lack has not been evenly distributed. The at-risk-of-poverty of (disaggregated) data and analysis of the impact of social rate and the combined risk of poverty or social exclusion protection on children made implementation and impact rate among children are very high: 28.6% and 46.1% monitoring difficult. respectively.86 A 2018 Gini coefficient of 31.987 implies high inequality in wealth distribution. Moreover, it is the only North Macedonia has a long history of providing social Western Balkan country that has shown a growth in infant services for families. The two main providers are the mortality between 2013 and 2017. It also experiences high Centres for Social Work (CSWs) and the Employment rates of family violence, low pre-school enrolment, and Service Agencies (ESAs). The 30 CSWs are the country’s poor primary and secondary school outcomes.88 Those key main social protection hubs, administering all cash benefits aspects of the social protection system capable of reducing and delivering social support and care services, including these challenges – the cash benefit and social care system – psycho-social support. -
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The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences EpSBS Future Academy ISSN: 2357-1330 http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.03.57 MEPDEV 2nd: 2016 Central & Eastern European LUMEN International Conference - Multidimensional Education & Professional Development. Ethical Values IDENTITY CRISIS: MOLDOVAN IDENTITY AND MACEDONIAN IDENTITY Ancuța Negrea (a)* *Corresponding author (a) Valahia” University, Târgovişte, Romania, [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Claiming a language means reclaiming its identity roots: it is hard to identify in a culture in which one does not possess the language in which it is expressed. That is why, this article concentrates on the cultural and linguistic security of a certain community that may be compromised due to competition with another language, in which case the will to protect the language and culture takes root in the public consciousness (it is the case of the competition between Romanian and Russian on the Moldovan territory). Having to resort to alternating the linguistic codes, Romanians over the Prut, as those in the south of the Danube (Macedonians) have kept generation after generation, their "home" identity consciousness. In the traditional society the identity of a person is predestined and is based on some criteria: place of birth, family, social class, religion, etc. and usually remains unchanged throughout life. The concept of identity and belonging in the globalization era was enriched by new meanings. Social mobility leads to the dissolution of the traditional model based on the hereditary principle. The search for identity is a recent phenomenon. Today, cultural identity cannot be conceived as being inherited from the family but acquired since the early years, in the process of socialization and literacy. -
What Does It Mean to Be a Kin Majority? Analyzing Romanian Identity in Moldova and Russian Identity in Crimea from Below
Eleanor Knott What does it mean to be a kin majority? Analyzing Romanian identity in Moldova and Russian identity in Crimea from below Article (Published version) (Refereed) Original citation: Knott, Eleanor (2015) What does it mean to be a kin majority? Analyzing Romanian identity in Moldova and Russian identity in Crimea from below. Social Science Quarterly, 96 (3). pp. 830- 859. ISSN 0038-4941 DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12193 Reuse of this item is permitted through licensing under the Creative Commons: © 2015 John Wiley and Sons CC BY 4.0 This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/63888/ Available in LSE Research Online: Online: November 2015 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. What Does it Mean to Be a Kin Majority? Analyzing Romanian Identity in Moldova and Russian Identity in Crimea from Below∗ Eleanor Knott, London School of Economics and Political Science Objective. This article investigates what kin identification means from a bottom-up perspective in two kin majority cases: Moldova and Crimea. Methods. The article is based on 50 fieldwork interviews conducted in both Moldova and Crimea with everyday social actors (2012–2013). Results. Ethnic homogeneity for kin majorities is more fractured that previously considered. Respondents identified more in terms of assemblages of ethnic, cultural, political, linguistic, and territorial identities than in mutually exclusive census categories.