COTTON IN Major Schemes

Scheme Area in Hectares

• Sudan is considered as one of the largest countries in Africa, if not the largest one. 900,000

• Country total area is about 2.54 million square New Halfa 120.000 kilometers.

• 80% of its population practice agriculture (rain fed or Rahad 160,000 irrigated agriculture).

• Irrigated agriculture represents 20% of the total EsSuki 40,000 cultivated area and produces the main portion of cotton.

locations Historical Background

 Cotton was introduced first in Sudan in the year 1890 in eastern Sudan at Tokar Delta.

 Then in the river Nile in Zaidab area in 1902.

 In Gezira Scheme in 1925. This scheme is mainly established to produce cotton for British factories in Lancashire & Yorkshire in England.

 Then later introduced in New halfa and Rahad schemes in 1964 and 1978 respectively.

 Cotton is also practiced in rain fed and flooded areas as well

 It was supported by a far-sighted research program that started in 1904.

Areas (feddans) 1 feddan = 0.42 Types of Varieties ha

Season Gezira New Halfa Rahad Essuki Total  ELS : Extra Long staple – Barakat 90

 LS: Shambat – Nor 06/97 – 0/01 264 47 52 16 379

 MS: Acala 67B 04/2005 326 50 50 25 451  SS: Acrain

05/2006 304 40 40 17 401

06/2007 240 38 54 21 353 Export (‘000 bales of Sudan Cotton 1990 -2006) Cotton Value (M$)

Cotton Area (‘000 feddans) Why decrease in cotton areas

 Very low yield/hectare ranging from 450 – 550 kg/ha.

 High cost of production.

 Sale prices are very low and fluctuating.

 Agricultural inputs (fertilizers, etc…).

 Unstable policies

 Pest management difficulties.

 Competition of other crops

Water control Some photos Merowe Dam (under constuction) N

i l e RED SEA 6 NILE

NORTHERN Ed Damer A tba ra e Nil A L A 4 K H S A A S R T O U M K ERITREA Kassala Jebel El-Aulia Dam 1100 E L G E Z 2 o I G 15 R E 1 7 A D A Khashm El-Girba NORTHERN W Wad Medani R E F Dam H

I 7 T 3 E KORDOFAN Gedaref N I 9 5 R a L h E Sennar a El Obeid 8 Dam 6 d Rabak Singa 11 D i A R nd 2 N N er E B l

S 3 5 u

9 4 e N i Roseires l e Dam e 1 l 8 i Ed Damazin N 10 Roseires e 11 t i Reservoir h ETHIOPIA Kadugli SOUTHERN W KORDOFAN UPPER NILE UNEP/DEWA/GRID~Europe 2006 UNEP/DEWA/GRID~Europe 30o 35o Kilometres Irrigated Agricultural Schemes DRAFT VERSION 050 100 150 200 250 Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection 1. Gezira and Managil 870’750 ha 7. Guneid Sugar 15’795 ha 2. New Halfa 152’280 ha 8. Assalaya Sugar 14’175 ha Sources: SIM (Sudan Interagency Mapping); FAO; vmaplv0, gns, NIMA; 3. Rahad 121’500 ha 9. Sennar Sugar 12’960 ha The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, NASA; various reports, maps and atlases; UN Cartographic Section. 4. Gash Delta 101’250 ha 10. Khashm El-Girba 18’225 ha 5. Suki 35’235 ha 11. Kenana Sugar 45’000 ha 6. Tokar Delta 30’780 ha

Mechanized Agricultural Schemes (planned and unplanned) 1. Habila 7. Gedaref 2. El-Dali 8. Southern Kordofan 3. El-Mazmum 9. White Nile 4. El-Raheed 10. Upper Nile 5. El-Sharkia 11. Blue Nile 6. Dinder Agricultural schemes boundaries are approximate.

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.