DOCSLIB.ORG

FOSSIL FUEL and GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES for LOCAL USE in ALASKA: Summary of Available Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE IN ALASKA: Summary of Available Information edited by Coal Robert F. Swenson Marwan A. Wartes David L. LePain James G. Clough Special Report 66 Geothermal Published by STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS Natural Gas 2012 FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE IN ALASKA: Summary of Available Information Edited by: Robert F. Swenson1, Marwan A. Wartes1, David L. LePain1, and James G. Clough1 With contributions to individual chapters by: James G. Clough1, Paul L. Decker2, Robert J. Gillis1, Ken Helmold2, David L. LePain1, Simone Montayne1, Christopher J. Nye1, Shaun Peterson2, and Marwan A. Wartes1 Figures and plates composed by: Andrea Loveland1 and James Weakland1; editing by Paula Davis1; and layout by Joni Robinson1. 1Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 3354 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3707 2Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil & Gas, 550 W. 7th Ave., Suite 800, Anchorage, Alaska 99501-3560 Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Special Report 66 FRONT COVER PHOTOS: TOP: From 1922 to 1962, historic Suntrana Mine operated at this site near Healy, Alaska, using mostly underground mining methods. Usibelli Coal Mine currently mines to the north of Suntrana, using open-pit methods. The prominent black coal bed dipping to the left is near the top of the Suntrana Formation, which contains the thickest seams of subbituminous coal in the Nenana basin. Photo by Jim Clough, September 2008. MIDDLE: View to the east over the persistently steaming summit fumaroles of Makushin Volcano, with Makushin Valley, Unalaska Bay, and Dutch Harbor visible in the distance. Fumaroles are high-temperature steam and gas vents that result from hot or molten igneous rocks releasing gas and boiling off groundwater and melting snow. Makushin Volcano is a viable geothermal prospect near Dutch Harbor. Photo by Janet Schaefer, August 3, 2012. BOTTOM: Natural gas flared from production test of an oil and gas well in Cook Inlet. Photo by Bob Swenson. BACK COVER PHOTO: View from the summit ridge of Mt. Spurr down into the ice cauldron. Bare, warm, steaming rock, part of the turquoise lake, and multiple fumaroles are visible. Photo by Sorokin Maxim. STATE OF ALASKA Sean Parnell, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Daniel S. Sullivan, Commissioner DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS Robert F. Swenson, State Geologist and Director Publications produced by the Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) are available for free download from the DGGS website (www.dggs.alaska.gov). Publications on hard-copy or digital media can be examined or purchased in the Fairbanks office: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 3354 College Rd., Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3707 Phone: (907) 451-5020 Fax (907) 451-5050 [email protected] www.dggs.alaska.gov Alaska State Library Alaska Resource Library & Information State Office Building, 8th Floor Services (ARLIS) 333 Willoughby Avenue 3150 C Street, Suite 100 Juneau, Alaska 99811-0571 Anchorage, Alaska 99503-3982 Elmer E. Rasmuson Library University of Alaska Anchorage Library University of Alaska Fairbanks 3211 Providence Drive Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-1005 Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4614 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Economic growth and stability in Alaska hinges partially, if not primarily, on the availability of a mix of affordable and sustainable energy sources. The high and volatile prices of diesel fuel and heating oil have created economic hardship in many areas of Alaska, particularly remote rural communities where these im- ported fuels are the primary source of energy. Developing local energy sources that are not tied to a global market will help diversify the state’s energy portfolio and help facilitate economic growth in many regions. Unfortunately, all areas are not created equal in energy accessibility. The purpose of this report is to summarize existing information concerning locally available, geologi- cally hosted sources of energy across the state. This work considers both geothermal and fossil fuel (oil, natural gas, and coal) resources and is intended to supplement the Alaska Energy Authority’s ongoing analysis of non-geologic energy sources such as hydro, wind, and biomass. Collectively, these summaries provide a basis for ensuring that Alaska’s entire suite of potential energy sources is considered. Although this review does not represent a comprehensive analysis or resource assessment, the information should as- sist local, regional, and statewide efforts to reduce the dependence on diesel for heat and electricity. The potential for locally exploitable natural resources varies widely across the state, and certain regions possess more favorable geologic attributes than others. The chapters of this report are subdivided into the 11 regions recognized by the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA, 2009). For each region, discussion is provided on its potential for geologically hosted energy resources including coal, conventional and unconventional oil and gas, and geothermal resources. Many areas of the state lack sufficient geologic information to reli- ably evaluate local energy potential; summaries of each region conclude with recommendations regarding what additional data or strategies would be most helpful in developing new energy resources for local or regional use. Energy Regions of Alaska Alaska Energy Authority, 2009 iii CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................iii CHAPTER A: GEOLOGIC REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPLOITABLE FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESOURCES ...................................1 Introduction ............................................................................. 1 Geologic Requirements for Exploitable Coal Resources .......................................... 1 Geologic Requirements for Exploitable Conventional Oil and Gas Resources ......................... 3 Geologic Requirements for Exploitable Unconventional Fossil Fuel Resources ........................ 4 Coalbed Methane .................................................................... 4 Tight Gas Sands ..................................................................... 5 Shale Gas .......................................................................... 6 Gas Hydrate ........................................................................ 7 Underground Coal Gasification ......................................................... 8 Geologic Requirements for Geothermal Energy Resource ......................................... 9 References Cited and Selected Bibliography .................................................. 10 CHAPTER B: SUMMARY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN ALEUTIANS ENERGY REGION...........................13 Introduction ............................................................................ 13 Geologic Energy Resource Potential. 14 Recommendations ....................................................................... 19 References Cited and Selected Bibliography .................................................. 20 CHAPTER C: SUMMARY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE BERING STRAITS ENERGY REGION.............................23 Introduction ............................................................................ 23 Geologic Energy Resource Potential. 24 Recommendations ....................................................................... 29 References Cited and Selected Bibliography .................................................. 30 CHAPTER D: SUMMARY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE BRISTOL BAY ENERGY REGION ................................33 Introduction ............................................................................ 33 Geologic Energy Resource Potential. 34 Recommendations ....................................................................... 39 References Cited and Selected Bibliography .................................................. 40 CHAPTER E: SUMMARY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE COPPER RIVER–CHUGACH ENERGY REGION ....................43 Introduction ............................................................................ 43 Geologic Energy Resource Potential. 44 Recommendations ....................................................................... 48 References Cited and Selected Bibliography .................................................. 49 v CONTENTS Page CHAPTER F: SUMMARY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE KODIAK ENERGY REGION .....................................53 Introduction ............................................................................ 53 Geologic Energy Resource Potential. 54 Recommendations ....................................................................... 58 References Cited and Selected Bibliography .................................................. 58 CHAPTER G: SUMMARY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE LOWER YUKON–KUSKOKWIM ENERGY REGION ................63 Introduction ............................................................................ 63 Geologic Energy Resource Potential. 64 Recommendations ....................................................................... 69 References Cited and Selected Bibliography .................................................. 70 CHAPTER H: SUMMARY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE
Recommended publications
  • NOTES on the BIRDS of CHIRIKOF ISLAND, ALASKA Jack J

    NOTES on the BIRDS of CHIRIKOF ISLAND, ALASKA Jack J

    NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF CHIRIKOF ISLAND, ALASKA JACK J. WITHROW, University of Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Isolated in the western Gulf of Alaska 61 km from nearest land and 74 km southwest of the Kodiak archipelago, Chirikof Island has never seen a focused investigation of its avifauna. Annotated status and abundance for 89 species recorded during eight visits 2008–2014 presented here include eastern range extensions for three Beringian subspecies of the Pacific Wren (Troglodytes pacificus semidiensis), Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia sanaka), and Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch (Leucost- icte tephrocotis griseonucha). A paucity of breeding bird species is thought to be a result of the long history of the presence of introduced cattle and introduced foxes (Vulpes lagopus), both of which persist to this day. Unique among sizable islands in southwestern Alaska, Chirikof Island (55° 50′ N 155° 37′ W) has escaped focused investigations of its avifauna, owing to its geographic isolation, lack of an all-weather anchorage, and absence of major seabird colonies. In contrast, nearly every other sizable island or group of islands in this region has been visited by biologists, and they or their data have added to the published literature on birds: the Aleutian Is- lands (Gibson and Byrd 2007), the Kodiak archipelago (Friedmann 1935), the Shumagin Islands (Bailey 1978), the Semidi Islands (Hatch and Hatch 1983a), the Sandman Reefs (Bailey and Faust 1980), and other, smaller islands off the Alaska Peninsula (Murie 1959, Bailey and Faust 1981, 1984). With the exception of most of the Kodiak archipelago these islands form part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR), and many of these publications are focused largely on seabirds.
  • Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Katmai National Park and Preserve (Alaska)

    Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Katmai National Park and Preserve (Alaska)

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resources Program Center Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Katmai National Park and Preserve (Alaska) Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR—2007/372 Cover photo: Glacier emerging from the slopes of Mt Douglas toward the Katmai coastline. August 2005. Photo: S.Nagorski 2 Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Katmai National Park and Preserve (Alaska) Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2007/372 Sonia Nagorski Environmental Science Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 Ginny Eckert Biology Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 Eran Hood Environmental Science Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 Sanjay Pyare Environmental Science Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 This report was prepared under Task Order J9W88050014 of the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (agreement CA90880008) Water Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 250 Fort Collins, CO 80525 June 2007 U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 3 The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. The Natural Resource Technical Reports series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service’s mission.
  • Geologic Maps of the Eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, (44 Quadrangles, 1:63360 Scale)

    Geologic Maps of the Eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, (44 Quadrangles, 1:63360 Scale)

    Report of Investigations 2015-6 GEOLOGIC MAPS OF THE EASTERN ALASKA RANGE, ALASKA, (44 quadrangles, 1:63,360 scale) descriptions and interpretations of map units by Warren J. Nokleberg, John N. Aleinikoff, Gerard C. Bond, Oscar J. Ferrians, Jr., Paige L. Herzon, Ian M. Lange, Ronny T. Miyaoka, Donald H. Richter, Carl E. Schwab, Steven R. Silva, Thomas E. Smith, and Richard E. Zehner Southeastern Tanana Basin Southern Yukon–Tanana Upland and Terrane Delta River Granite Jarvis Mountain Aurora Peak Creek Terrane Hines Creek Fault Black Rapids Glacier Jarvis Creek Glacier Subterrane - Southern Yukon–Tanana Terrane Windy Terrane Denali Denali Fault Fault East Susitna Canwell Batholith Glacier Maclaren Glacier McCallum Creek- Metamorhic Belt Meteor Peak Slate Creek Thrust Broxson Gulch Fault Thrust Rainbow Mountain Slana River Subterrane, Wrangellia Terrane Phelan Delta Creek River Highway Slana River Subterrane, Wrangellia Terrane Published by STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS 2015 GEOLOGIC MAPS OF THE EASTERN ALASKA RANGE, ALASKA, (44 quadrangles, 1:63,360 scale) descriptions and interpretations of map units Warren J. Nokleberg, John N. Aleinikoff, Gerard C. Bond, Oscar J. Ferrians, Jr., Paige L. Herzon, Ian M. Lange, Ronny T. Miyaoka, Donald H. Richter, Carl E. Schwab, Steven R. Silva, Thomas E. Smith, and Richard E. Zehner COVER: View toward the north across the eastern Alaska Range and into the southern Yukon–Tanana Upland highlighting geologic, structural, and geomorphic features. View is across the central Mount Hayes Quadrangle and is centered on the Delta River, Richardson Highway, and Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). Major geologic features, from south to north, are: (1) the Slana River Subterrane, Wrangellia Terrane; (2) the Maclaren Terrane containing the Maclaren Glacier Metamorphic Belt to the south and the East Susitna Batholith to the north; (3) the Windy Terrane; (4) the Aurora Peak Terrane; and (5) the Jarvis Creek Glacier Subterrane of the Yukon–Tanana Terrane.
  • University Micrdfilms International 300 N

    University Micrdfilms International 300 N

    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
  • Population Assessment, Ecology and Trophic Relationships of Steller Sea Liorq in the Gulf of Alaska

    Population Assessment, Ecology and Trophic Relationships of Steller Sea Liorq in the Gulf of Alaska

    Al'lNUAL REPORT Contract #03-5-022-69 Research Unit #243 1 April 1978 - 31 Marc~ 1979 Pages: Population Assessment, Ecology and Trophic Relationships of Steller Sea LiorQ in the Gulf of Alaska Principal Investigators: Donald Calkins, Marine Mammal Biologist Kenneth Pitcher, Marine ~~mmal Biologist Alaska Department of Fish and Game 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, Alaska 99502 Assisted by: Karl Schneider Dennis McAllister Walt Cunningham Susan Stanford Dave Johnson Louise Smith Paul Smith Nancy Murray TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction. • . i Steller Sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska (by Donald Calkins). 3 Breeding Rookeries and Hauling Areas . 3 I. Surveys • . 3 II. Pup counts. 4 Distribution and Movements . 10 Sea Otter Distribution and Abundance in the Southern Kodiak Archipelago and the Semidi Islands (by Karl Schneider). • • • • 24 Summary •••••• 24 Introduction • • • 25 Kodiak Archipelago 26 Background • • • • . 26 Methods•.•••. 27 Results and discussion • • • • • . 28 1. Distribution••• 30 2. Population size •••••. 39 3. Status. 40 4. Future. 41 Semidi Islands 43 Background • • 43 Methods ••••••••• 43 Results and discussion • 44 Belukha Whales in Lower Cook Inlet (by Nancy Murray) . • • • • • 47 Distribution and Abundance • 47 Habitat••..•••• 50 Population Dynamics •• 54 Food Habits•••••.••. 56 Behavior • . 58 Literature Cited. 59 Introduction This project is a detailed study of the population dynamics, life history and some aspects of the ecology of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). In addition to the sea lion investigations, the work has been expanded to include an examination of the distribution and abundance of belukha whales (Detphinapterus Zeu~dS) in Cook Inlet and the distribution and abundance of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) near the south end of the Kodiak Archipelago.
  • Southcentral Alaska Stock

    Southcentral Alaska Stock

    Revised: April 2014 NORTHERN SEA OTTER (Enhydra lutris kenyoni): Southcentral Alaska Stock STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Sea otters occur in nearshore coastal waters of the U.S. along the North Pacific Rim from the Aleutian Islands to California. The species is most commonly observed within the 40-meter (approximately 12.2 feet [ft]) depth contour because the animals require frequent access to benthic foraging habitat in subtidal and intertidal zones (Reidman and Estes 1990). Sea otters are not migratory and generally do not disperse over long distances, although movements of tens of kilometers (km) (tens of miles [mi]) are common (Garshelis and Garshelis 1984). Annual home range sizes of adult sea otters are relatively small, with male territories ranging from 4 to 11 square kilometers (km2) (approximately 10.5 to 28.5 square miles[mi2]) and adult female home ranges from a few to 24 km2 (approximately 62 mi2) (Garshelis and Garshelis 1984; Ralls et al. 1988; Jameson 1989). Due to their benthic foraging, sea otter distribution is largely limited by their ability to dive to the sea floor (Bodkin et al. 2004). 1 Figure 1. Approximate distribution and stock boundaries of northern sea otters in Alaska waters (shaded area). The spatial scale at which sea otter populations are managed remains an important, although largely unexplored issue (Bodkin and Ballachey 2010) deserving further study. Bodkin and Ballachey (2010) used models of sea otter mortality to show that range-wide reductions and extirpations during the commercial fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries occurred not simply because of excessive harvest, but because the harvest was not allocated proportional to the abundance and distribution of sea otters.
  • The Diary, Photographs, and Letters of Samuel Baker Dunn, 1898-1899

    The Diary, Photographs, and Letters of Samuel Baker Dunn, 1898-1899

    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons History Theses & Dissertations History Spring 2016 Achieving Sourdough Status: The Diary, Photographs, and Letters of Samuel Baker Dunn, 1898-1899 Robert Nicholas Melatti Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds Part of the Canadian History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Melatti, Robert N.. "Achieving Sourdough Status: The Diary, Photographs, and Letters of Samuel Baker Dunn, 1898-1899" (2016). Master of Arts (MA), Thesis, History, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/ mrs2-2135 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds/3 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A ACHIEVING SOURDOUGH STATUS: THE DIARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, AND LETTERS OF SAMUEL BAKER DUNN, 1898-1899 by Robert Nicholas Melatti B.A. May 2011, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HISTORY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2016 Approved by: Elizabeth Zanoni (Director) Maura Hametz (Member) Ingo Heidbrink (Member) B ABSTRACT ACHIEVING SOURDOUGH STATUS: THE DIARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, AND LETTERS OF SAMUEL BAKER DUNN, 1898-1899 Robert Nicholas Melatti Old Dominion University, 2016 Director: Dr. Elizabeth Zanoni This thesis examines Samuel Baker Dunn and other prospectors from Montgomery County in Southwestern Iowa who participated in the Yukon Gold Rush of 1896-1899.
  • P1616 Text-Only PDF File

    P1616 Text-Only PDF File

    A Geologic Guide to Wrangell–Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska A Tectonic Collage of Northbound Terranes By Gary R. Winkler1 With contributions by Edward M. MacKevett, Jr.,2 George Plafker,3 Donald H. Richter,4 Danny S. Rosenkrans,5 and Henry R. Schmoll1 Introduction region—his explorations of Malaspina Glacier and Mt. St. Elias—characterized the vast mountains and glaciers whose realms he invaded with a sense of astonishment. His descrip­ Wrangell–Saint Elias National Park and Preserve (fig. tions are filled with superlatives. In the ensuing 100+ years, 6), the largest unit in the U.S. National Park System, earth scientists have learned much more about the geologic encompasses nearly 13.2 million acres of geological won­ evolution of the parklands, but the possibility of astonishment derments. Furthermore, its geologic makeup is shared with still is with us as we unravel the results of continuing tectonic contiguous Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, Kluane processes along the south-central Alaska continental margin. National Park and Game Sanctuary in the Yukon Territory, the Russell’s superlatives are justified: Wrangell–Saint Elias Alsek-Tatshenshini Provincial Park in British Columbia, the is, indeed, an awesome collage of geologic terranes. Most Cordova district of Chugach National Forest and the Yakutat wonderful has been the continuing discovery that the disparate district of Tongass National Forest, and Glacier Bay National terranes are, like us, invaders of a sort with unique trajectories Park and Preserve at the north end of Alaska’s panhan­ and timelines marking their northward journeys to arrive in dle—shared landscapes of awesome dimensions and classic today’s parklands.
  • USGS Open-File Report 2004-1234

    USGS Open-File Report 2004-1234

    Catalog of Earthquake Hypocenters at Alaskan Volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2003 By James P. Dixon1, Scott D. Stihler2, John A. Power3, Guy Tytgat2, Seth C. Moran4, John J. Sánchez2, Stephen R. McNutt2, Steve Estes2, and John Paskievitch3 Open-File Report 2004-1234 2004 Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 Alaska Volcano Observatory, U. S. Geological Survey, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 2 Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 3 Alaska Volcano Observatory, U. S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508-4667 4 Cascades Volcano Observatory, U. S. Geological Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Bldg. 10, Vancouver, WA 99508 2 CONTENTS Introduction...................................................................................................3 Instrumentation .............................................................................................5 Data Acquisition and Reduction ...................................................................8 Velocity Models...........................................................................................10 Seismicity.....................................................................................................11 Summary......................................................................................................14 References....................................................................................................15
  • Chirikof Island Salmon Assessment, 2016. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Regional Information Report 4K16-03, Kodiak

    Chirikof Island Salmon Assessment, 2016. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Regional Information Report 4K16-03, Kodiak

    Regional Information Report No. 4K16-03 Chirikof Island Salmon Assessment, 2015 by Mark J. Witteveen and M. Birch Foster September 2016 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Divisions of Sport Fish and Commercial Fisheries Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the following reports by the Divisions of Sport Fish and of Commercial Fisheries: Fishery Manuscripts, Fishery Data Series Reports, Fishery Management Reports, and Special Publications. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Mathematics, statistics centimeter cm Alaska Administrative all standard mathematical deciliter dL Code AAC signs, symbols and gram g all commonly accepted abbreviations hectare ha abbreviations e.g., Mr., Mrs., alternate hypothesis HA kilogram kg AM, PM, etc. base of natural logarithm e kilometer km all commonly accepted catch per unit effort CPUE liter L professional titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., coefficient of variation CV meter m R.N., etc. common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc.) milliliter mL at @ confidence interval CI millimeter mm compass directions: correlation coefficient east E (multiple) R Weights and measures (English) north N correlation coefficient cubic feet per second ft3/s south S (simple) r foot ft west W covariance cov gallon gal copyright degree (angular ) ° inch in corporate suffixes: degrees of freedom df mile mi Company Co. expected value E nautical mile nmi Corporation Corp.
  • Monarch Mountain/A Xéegi Deiyi Conservancy

    Monarch Mountain/A Xéegi Deiyi Conservancy

    Monarch Mountain/A Xéegi Deiyi Conservancy Management Plan February 2016 Cover artwork: Wayne Carlick Foreword Tlingit Elders teach their people to work respectfully with all those who come to Taku River Tlingit traditional territory, to find ways to work together with respect and harmony. This conservancy management plan is part of the on-going collaboration between the Taku River Tlingit First Nation and the Province of British Columbia to sustainably manage the lands and resources of Tlingit territory through mutual respect and understanding. Wóoshtin wudidaa (the Atlin Taku Land Use Plan) set the stage for the Tlingit vision for a connected network of protected areas to be realized. These protected areas were identified to: protect important Tlingit cultural sites and landscapes; ensure continuation of Tlingit khustiyxh (way of life); sustain biological diversity and important wildlife habitats; and protect landscapes and places of importance for recreation and tourism. The Monarch Mountain/A Xéegi Deiyi Conservancy is an important part of Tlingit Tlatsini – the network of “places that make us strong.” We invite you to read and understand the importance of this place to the Tlingit people, and to others who make this region their home. We also invite you to explore and enjoy Monarch Mountain/A Xéegi Deiyi Conservancy, and take part in conserving and protecting its resources for future generations. Gunalcheesh / Thank you with respect i ii Monarch Mountain/A Xéegi Deiyi Conservancy Management Plan Approved by: February 1st, 2016 ______________________________
  • Catherine F. West Department of Archaeology Boston University 675 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02215

    Catherine F. West Department of Archaeology Boston University 675 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02215

    Catherine F. West Department of Archaeology Boston University 675 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02215 [email protected] (617) 358-1652 http://sites.bu.edu/zooarchlab/ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Academic Positions Boston University, Department of Archaeology 2013-Present Research Assistant Professor Boston University Marine Program 2015-Present Affiliated Faculty Boston University Biogeosciences Program 2015-Present Affiliated Faculty University of Maine, Department of Anthropology and Climate Change Institute 2011-2013 Assistant Professor National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2011-Present Research Collaborator Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology, Smithsonian Institution 2010-2011 Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Research Assistant 2001-2005 Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA 2000-2003 Research Assistant, Archaeology Public Outreach Coordinator Education University of Washington, Seattle, WA March 2009 Ph.D., Anthropology University of Washington, Seattle, WA March 2003 M.A., Anthropology Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA May 1999 B.A., History 2 Archaeological Field Experience Alutiiq Museum Community Archaeology Project and Field School, Kodiak, AK 2015 Co-Director http://www.alutiiqmuseum.org/education/programs/208-community-archaeology.html Chirikof Island, Alaska Expedition (funded by National Geographic) 2013 Principal Investigator http://sites.bu.edu/zooarchlab/research/