AMR in fisheries and aquaculture products

Products, Trade and Marketing Branch Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations What accelerates the emergence and spread of AMR?

Poor infection control, inadequate sanitary conditions and misused of antimicrobials among others Role of modifiable drivers for antimicrobial resistance: a conceptual framework

(Alison H Holmes, 2015) EU FISH AND CRUSTACEANS PRODUCT ALERTS

Hazard Category 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Microbiological 52 75 11 17 24 68 70 65 52 31 58 38 38 Chemical and 118 177 203 221 108 135 123 149 134 170 221 128 133 residues Histamine 39 22 29 44 39 51 35 32 44 53 40 33 42 Toxins 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 Parasitic infestation 51 21 15 27 38 70 85 96 54 11 18 11 22 Others 33 14 29 35 46 120 123 137 127 73 43 83 88 TOTAL ALERTS 293 309 287 344 255 444 436 479 411 338 380 295 327

Hazard Category 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Microbiological 51 25 6 4 8 8 13 7 9 3 6 10 15 Chemical and 103 128 122 108 111 145 43 40 31 24 57 31 46 residues Others 5 1 10 9 3 23 22 29 20 26 14 17 8 Biotoxins 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL ALERTS 159 156 139 121 122 176 78 76 60 53 77 58 69

Source: Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed, European Commission IMPORT REFUSALS DUE TO CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN EU

DIOXINS 2% 35 ADDITIVES 4% 30 25 BENZO(a)PYRENE 6% 20 OTHER CHEMICAL HAZARDS 8% 15 10 5 ANTIMICROBIALS 18% 0 HEAVY METALS 62%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 JAPAN FISHERY PRODUCTS DETENTION

200

100

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Microbiological Chemical and residues Toxins Others

Hazard category 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 TOTAL Microbiological 123 102 98 107 84 93 94 701 Chemical 121 153 140 78 68 59 42 661 Toxins 2 4 3 1 2 5 0 17 Others 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 7 TOTAL 249 261 242 186 154 158 136 1 386

Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan IMPORT REFUSAL DUE TO CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN JAPAN

60

OTHERS CHEMICAL 50 HAZARDS 1% 40 30 INDUSTRIAL 20 CONTAMINANTS 20% 10

ANTIMICROBIALS 54% 0

ADDITIVES 25%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 CANADA, FISHERY PRODUCTS DETENTION

3000

2000

1000

0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Others Chemical and residues Histamine Microbiological

Hazard Category 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 TOTAL Others 1 848 2 102 1 880 1 637 1 581 1 265 10 313 Chemical 284 219 175 159 131 102 1 070 Histamine 25 21 14 20 17 13 110 Microbiological 2 2 6 13 6 8 37 TOTAL 2 159 2 344 2 075 1 829 1 735 1 388 11 530

Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency IMPORT REFUSAL DUE TO CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN CANADA

90 80 70 MERCURY 60 17% 50 ADDITIVES 40 30 32% 20 10 OTHER 0 CHEMICAL HAZARDS 20%

ANTIMICROBIALS 31%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Regulatory frameworks on antimicrobial residues use and MRLs Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List

Amphenicols

Regulatory Use Action Level: Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) ng/g(ppb) Florfenicol Approved Salmonids Muscle 0.8 800 Chloramphenicol Banned All N/A DTC DTC Thiamphenicol Not accepted use All N/A DTC DTC Emamectin Approved Salmonids Muscle 0.1 100 Benzoate Ivermectin Not accepted use All N/A DTC DTC Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List Benzoylureas

Action Level: Substance name Regulatory Use Status Species Tissue µg/g(ppm) Teflubenzuron Approved Salmonids Muscle 0.3 Teflubenzuron Approved Salmonids Skin 3.2 Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List

Fluoro-quinolones

Regulatory Use Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Marboflaxin Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Not accepted use All N/A 0.001 Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List

Macrolides and

Regulatory Use Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) Erythromycin EDR Fish, crustaceans Muscle 0.03 Furaltadone Banned All N/A DTC Banned All N/A DTC Banned All N/A DTC Nitrofurazone Banned All N/A DTC Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List

Nitroimidazoles

Regulatory Use Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5- Banned All N/A DTC (HMMNI) Ipronidazole (IPZ) Banned All N/A DTC 1-methyl-2-(2'-hydroxyisopropyl)-5- Banned All N/A DTC nitroimidazole (IPZ-OH) (MNZ) Banned All N/A DTC 1-(2- hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5- Banned All N/A DTC nitroimidazole (MNZ-OH) Ronidazole (RNZ) Banned All N/A DTC Dimetridazole (DMZ) Banned All N/A DTC Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List Pyrethroids & Quinolones

Regulatory Use Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) Cypermethrin Not accepted use All N/A 0.1 Deltamethrin Not accepted use All N/A 0.1 Not accepted use All N/A DTC Not accepted use All N/A DTC Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List Steroids Regulatory Use Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) Boldenone (17 beta- Not accepted use All N/A DTC boldenone) Methyltestosterone (17 Not accepted use All N/A DTC alpha-methyltestosterone) Nandrolone (17 beta-19- Not accepted use All N/A DTC nortestosterone) epi-Boldenone (17 alpha- Not accepted use All N/A DTC boldenone) epi-Nandrolone (17 alpha- Not accepted use All N/A DTC 19-nortestosterone) Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List Stilbenes

Regulatory Use Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) Dienestrol (DIEN) Banned All N/A DTC Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Banned All N/A DTC Hexestrol (HEX) Banned All N/A DTC Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List Sulfonamides Action Level: Substance name Regulatory Use Status Species Tissue µg/g(ppm) Ormetoprim Approved Salmonids Edible Tissue 0.1 Approved Salmonids Edible Tissue 0.1 Approved Salmonids Edible Tissue 0.1 Approved Salmonids Muscle 0.1 Not accepted use All N/A DTC Sulfa- Not accepted use All N/A DTC chloropyridazine Not accepted use All N/A DTC Sulfaguanadine Not accepted use All N/A DTC Not accepted use All N/A DTC Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List Sulfonamides Action Level: Substance name Regulatory Use Status Species Tissue µg/g(ppm) Sulfamethazine Not accepted use All N/A DTC Sulfamethiazole Not accepted use All N/A DTC Not accepted use All N/A DTC Sulfa- methoxypridazine Not accepted use All N/A DTC Sulfa- monomethoxine Not accepted use All N/A DTC Not accepted use All N/A DTC Not accepted use All N/A DTC Not accepted use All N/A DTC Sulfaquinoxaline Not accepted use All N/A DTC Not accepted use All N/A DTC Sulfisoxazole Not accepted use All N/A DTC Canadian Food Inspection Agency Aquaculture Residue Monitoring List Tetracyclines & triphenyl-methane Dyes

Regulatory Use Action Level: Substance name Species Tissue Status µg/g(ppm) Doxycycline Not accepted use All N/A DTC Oxytetracycline Approved Salmonids, Lobsters Muscle 0.2 Chlorotetracycline Not accepted use All N/A DTC Tetracycline Not accepted use All N/A DTC Gentian Violet Not accepted use All N/A DTC Malachite Green Not accepted use All N/A DTC ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Pharmacolog Other Provisions (according to Marker Animal Target Therapeutic ically active MRL Article 14(7) of Regulation (EC) residue Species Tissues Classification Substance No 470/2009) For fin fish the muscle MRL Anti-infectious 50 μg/kg Muscle relates to ‘muscle and skin in agents/ All food 50 μg/kg Fat natural proportions’. MRLs for Amoxicillin Amoxicillin producing 50 μg/kg Liver fat, liver and kidney do not apply species 50 μg/kg Kidney to fin fish. Not for use in animals from which eggs are produced 4 μg/kg Milk for human consumption. ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU Other Provisions (according Pharmacologically Animal Target Therapeutic Marker residue MRL to Article 14(7) of Regulation active Substance Species Tissues Classification (EC) No 470/2009) 50 μg/kg 50 For fin fish the muscle MRL Anti- μg/kg 50 Muscle relates to ‘muscle and skin in infectious μg/kg 50 natural proportions’. MRLs All food agents/ μg/kg for fat, liver and kidney do Ampicillin Ampicillin producing 4 μg/kg Fat not apply to fin fish. Not for Antibiotics species Liver use in animals from which Kidney eggs are produced for human Milk consumption. 50 μg/kg 50 For fin fish the muscle MRL Anti- μg/kg 50 Muscle relates to ‘muscle and skin in infectious μg/kg 50 natural proportions’. MRLs All food agents/ μg/kg for fat, liver and kidney do Benzylpenicillin Benzylpenicillin producing 4 μg/kg Fat not apply to fin fish. Not for Antibiotics species Liver use in animals from which Kidney eggs are produced for human Milk consumption ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Other Provisions Pharmacologically (according to Article Therapeutic Marker residue Animal Species MRL Target Tissues active Substance 14(7) of Regulation Classification (EC) No 470/2009) NOT No MRL Bronopol Fin fish NOT APPLICABLE NO ENTRY NO ENTRY APPLICABLE required NOT All food producing No MRL Cetrimide NOT APPLICABLE NO ENTRY NO ENTRY APPLICABLE species required NOT All food producing No MRL Chlorhexidine NOT APPLICABLE For topical use only. NO ENTRY APPLICABLE species required For fin fish the Anti- 100 μg/kg Muscle muscle MRL relates infectious Sum of parent 300 μg/kg to ‘muscle and skin in agents/ All food producing Chlortetracycline drug and its 4- 600 μg/kg Liver natural proportions’. Antibiotics species epimer 100 μg/kg Kidney MRLs for liver and 200 μg/kg Milk kidney do not apply Eggs to fin fish. ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU Other Provisions Pharmacologically Marker Animal (according to Article 14(7) Therapeutic MRL Target Tissues active Substance residue Species of Regulation (EC) No Classification 470/2009) For fin fish the muscle Anti-infectious Muscle MRL relates to ‘muscle agents/ 300 μg/kg Fat and skin in natural Antibiotics All food 300 μg/kg Liver proportions’. MRLs for fat, Cloxacillin Cloxacillin producing 300 μg/kg Kidney liver and kidney do not species 300 μg/kg apply to fin fish. Not for 30 μg/kg use in animals from which Milk eggs are produced for human consumption. Anti-infectious Muscle 150 μg/kg For fin fish the muscle agents/ 150 μg/kg MRL relates to ‘muscle All food Fat Antibiotics 150 μg/kg and skin in natural Colistin Colistin producing Liver 200 μg/kg proportions’. MRLs for fat, species 50 μg/kg Kidney liver and kidney do not 300 μg/kg Milk apply to fin fish. Eggs ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Other Provisions (according to Pharmacologically Marker Animal Therapeutic MRL Target Tissues Article 14(7) of Regulation (EC) No active Substance residue Species Classification 470/2009) Anti-infectious 100 Muscle For fin fish the muscle MRL relates to μg/kg 50 ‘muscle and skin in natural agents/ All food μg/kg Fat proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver and Antibiotics Danoflox Danofloxacin producin 200 kidney do not apply to fin fish. Not acin Liver g species μg/kg for use in animals from which eggs 200 Kidney are produced for human μg/kg consumption. 300 Anti-infectious Muscle μg/kg For fin fish the muscle MRL relates to agents/ 300 Fat ‘muscle and skin in natural Antibiotics All food μg/kg proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver and Dicloxacill Liver Dicloxacillin producin 300 kidney do not apply to fin fish. Not in Kidney g species μg/kg for use in animals from which eggs 300 are produced for human μg/kg 30 Milk consumption. μg/kg ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Pharmacologica Other Provisions (according to Animal Therapeutic lly active Marker residue MRL Target Tissues Article 14(7) of Regulation (EC) No Species Classification Substance 470/2009) For fin fish the muscle MRL relates to ‘muscle and skin in natural Anti-infectious Muscle proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver agents/ All other 300 μg/kg and kidney do not apply to fin fish. food 100 μg/kg Difloxacin Difloxacin Not for use in animals from which producing 800 μg/kg Fat eggs are produced for human Antibiotics species 600 μg/kg consumption Liver Kidney For fin fish the muscle MRL relates to ‘muscle and skin in natural Anti-infectious Muscle proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver agents/ All other 100 μg/kg Sum of and kidney do not apply to fin fish. food 100 μg/kg Enrofloxacin enrofloxacin and Not for use in animals from which producing 200 μg/kg ciprofloxacin Fat eggs are produced for human Antibiotics species 200 μg/kg consumption. Liver Kidney ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Other Provisions (according to Pharmacologically Therapeutic Marker residue Animal Species MRL Target Tissues Article 14(7) of active Substance Classification Regulation (EC) No 470/2009) For fin fish the Anti-infectious Muscle 200 μg/kg muscle MRL relates agents/ 200 μg/kg to ‘muscle and skin All other food Fat Antibiotics 200 μg/kg in natural Erythromycin Erythromycin A producing Liver 200 μg/kg proportions’. MRLs species Kidney 40 μg/kg for fat, liver and Milk 150 μg/kg kidney do not apply Eggs to fin fish. Sum of Anti-infectious Not for use in florfenicol and agents/ animals from which its metabolites 1 000 Muscle and skin in Florfenicol Fin fish eggs are produced measured as μg/kg natural proportions. for human Antibiotics florfenicol- consumption. amine ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Other Provisions Pharmacologically Marker (according to Article 14(7) Therapeutic Animal Species MRL Target Tissues active Substance residue of Regulation (EC) No Classification 470/2009) Muscle and Not for use in animals from Anti-infectious Flumequine Flumequine Fin fish 600 μg/kg skin in natural which eggs are produced agents/ proportions. for human consumption. Antibiotics For fin fish the muscle MRL Anti-infectious Muscle relates to ‘muscle and skin agents/ 300 μg/kg Fat in natural proportions’. Antibiotics 300 μg/kg Liver MRLs for fat, liver and All food producing Oxacillin Oxacillin 300 μg/kg kidney do not apply to fin species Kidney 300 μg/kg fish. Not for use in animals 30 μg/kg from which eggs are Milk produced for human consumption. ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU Other Provisions Therapeutic Pharmacologically Marker (according to Article Animal Species MRL Target Tissues Classificatio active Substance residue 14(7) of Regulation (EC) n No 470/2009) For fin fish the muscle Anti- Muscle MRL relates to ‘muscle infectious and skin in natural agents/ 100 μg/kg Fat proportions’. MRLs for Antibiotics All food producing 50 μg/kg fat, liver and kidney do Oxolinic acid Oxolinic acid species 150 μg/kg Liver not apply to fin fish. Not 150 μg/kg for use in animals from which milk or eggs are Kidney produced for human consumption. Anti- For fin fish the muscle 100 μg/kg Muscle infectious Sum of MRL relates to ‘muscle 300 μg/kg agents/ parent drug All food producing and skin in natural Oxytetracycline 600 μg/kg Fat Antibiotics and its 4- species proportions’. MRLs for 100 μg/kg epimer Liver fat, liver and kidney do 200 μg/kg Kidney not apply to fin fish. Eggs ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Therapeutic Pharmacologically Marker Animal Target Other Provisions (according to Article MRL Classificatio active Substance residue Species Tissues 14(7) of Regulation (EC) No 470/2009) n Anti- 500 Muscle For fin fish the muscle MRL relates to infectious μg/kg ‘muscle and skin in natural agents/ All food 1 500 proportions’. MRLs for liver and kidney Paromomycin Paromomycin producing μg/kg do not apply to fin fish. Not for use in species Liver Antibiotics 1 500 animals from which milk or eggs are μg/kg produced for human consumption. Kidney Muscle and Anti- skin in infectious 30 Not for use in animals from which eggs Sarafloxacin Sarafloxacin Salmonidae natural agents/ μg/kg are produced for human consumption. proportion Antibiotics s ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Pharmacologically active Target Other Provisions (according to Article Therapeutic Marker residue Animal Species MRL Substance Tissues 14(7) of Regulation (EC) No 470/2009) Classification

Anti- Muscle For fin fish the muscle MRL relates to infectious 300 μg/kg ‘muscle and skin in natural agents/ All other food 500 μg/kg Fat proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver and Spectinomycin Spectinomycin producing 1 000 μg/kg Liver kidney do not apply to fin fish. Not for Antibiotics species 5 000 μg/kg use in animals from which eggs are 200 μg/kg Kidney produced for human consumption. Milk Muscle The combined total residues of all Fat substances within the Liver group should not exceed 100 μg/kg. Anti- 100 μg/kg Sulfonamides (all All food For fin fish the muscle MRL relates to infectious 100 μg/kg substances belonging to Parent drug producing ‘muscle and skin in natural agents/ 100 μg/kg the sulfonamide group) species proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver and Chemotheur 100 μg/kg Kidney kidney do not apply to fin fish. Not for apeutics/ use in animals from which eggs are produced for human consumption. ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Other Provisions (according Pharmacologically Marker Animal Target Therapeutic MRL to Article 14(7) of Regulation active Substance residue Species Tissues Classification (EC) No 470/2009) Anti-infectious Muscle Sum of 100 μg/kg For fin fish the muscle MRL agents/ parent All food 300 μg/kg relates to ‘muscle and skin in Liver Antibiotics Tetracycline drug and producin 600 μg/kg natural proportions’. MRLs for Kidney its 4- g species 100 μg/kg liver and kidney do not apply epimer 200 μg/kg Milk to fin fish. Eggs For fin fish the muscle MRL Anti-infectious Muscle relates to ‘muscle and skin in agents/ 50 μg/kg natural proportions’. MRLs for All food 50 μg/kg Liver Antibiotics Thiamphe fat, liver and kidney do not Thiamphenicol producin 50 μg/kg Kidney nicol apply to fin fish. Not for use g species 50 μg/kg in animals from which eggs 50 μg/kg Milk are produced for human consumption. ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Other Provisions (according to Pharmacologically Marker Animal Target Therapeutic MRL Article 14(7) of Regulation (EC) No active Substance residue Species Tissues Classification 470/2009) 50 μg/kg For fin fish the muscle MRL relates Anti-infectious Muscle 50 μg/kg to a ‘muscle and skin in natural agents/ All other 1 000 proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver and food Liver Antibiotics Tilmicosin Tilmicosin μg/kg kidney do not apply to fin fish. Not producing Kidney 1 000 for use in animals from which eggs species μg/kg 50 Milk are produced for human μg/kg consumption For fin fish the muscle MRL relates Anti-infectious Muscle to a ‘muscle and skin in natural agents/ 50 μg/kg proportions’. MRLs for fat, liver and All other Fat Antibiotics 50 μg/kg kidney do not apply to fin fish. For Trimethop food Liver Trimethoprim 50 μg/kg porcine and poultry species the fat rim producing Kidney 50 μg/kg MRL relates to ‘skin and fat in species 50 μg/kg natural proportions’. Not for use in Milk animals from which eggs are produced for human consumption. ANTIMICROBIALS IN EU

Other Provisions (according Therapeuti Pharmacologically Marker Animal Target to Article 14(7) of c MRL active Substance residue Species Tissues Regulation (EC) No Classificati 470/2009) on For fin fish the muscle MRL Anti- Muscle relates to a ‘muscle and skin infectious 100 μg/kg in natural proportions’. MRLs agents/ 100 μg/kg All food for fat, liver and kidney do Tylosin 100 μg/kg Fat Antibiotics Tylosin producing not apply to fin fish. For A 100 μg/kg species Liver porcine and poultry species 50 μg/kg Kidney the fat MRL relates to ‘skin 200 μg/kg Milk and fat in natural Eggs proportions’. NOT All food No MRL NOT Tyrosine APPLICA producing NO ENTRY NO ENTRY required APPLICABLE BLE species Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

AMR and food safety • Ingestion of AMR organisms via food can, if they are pathogenic, result in human illnesses that might not respond to available or other treatments.

Example: in freshwater fish, antibiotic resistance has being observed to tetracycline (90.71%) followed by ampicillin (70%) and amoxicillin- clavulanic acid (45%) in salmonella spp (Elhadi, 2014). AMR in fishery and aquaculture products

ASFIS Common name Category Target Antibiotic Salmo Salar Atlantic salmon Smoked product Listeria monocytogenes ampicillin Carpiodes carpio Carfu Frozen freshwater product Salmonella spp. tetracycline Carpiodes carpio Carfu Frozen freshwater product Salmonella spp. ampicillin Carpiodes carpio Carfu Frozen freshwater product Salmonella spp. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Pangasius spp. Catfish Frozen freshwater product Salmonella spp. tetracycline Pangasius spp. Catfish Frozen freshwater product Salmonella spp. ampicillin Pangasius spp. Catfish Frozen freshwater product Salmonella spp. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Crasssostrea gigas Oyster Fresh product Escherichia coli ampicillin Crasssostrea gigas Oyster Fresh product Escherichia coli cephalothin Ruditapes philippinarum Short-necked clam Fresh product Escherichia coli ampicillin AMR in fishery and aquaculture products

ASFIS Common name Category Target Antibiotic

Ruditapes philippinarum Short-necked clam Fresh product Escherichia coli cephalothin

Mugil cephalus Mullet Salted product Staphylococcus aureus augmentin

Mugil cephalus Mullet Salted product Staphylococcus aureus methicillin

Penaeus monodon Giant tiger prawn Fresh product Vibrio vulnificus oxytetracycline

Salmo Salar Atlantic salmon Fresh product Aeromonas salmonicida oxytetracycline

Salmo Salar Atlantic salmon Fresh product Aeromonas salmonicida oxolinic acid

Gadus morhua Cod Fillet Enterococcus faecium nitrofurantoin

Galeorhinus galeus Dogfish Fillet Enterococcus faecium nitrofurantoin

Genypterus capensis Kingklip Fillet Enterococcus faecium erythromycin

Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako shark Fillet Enterococcus faecium erythromycin AMR in fishery and aquaculture products

ASFIS Common name Category Target Antibiotic Xiphias gladius Swordfish Fillet Enterococcus faecium erythromycin Xiphias gladius Swordfish Fillet Enterococcus faecium Gadus spp. Cod Salted product Staphylococcus aureus benzalkonium chloride Gadus spp. Cod Salted product Staphylococcus aureus peracetic acid Gadus spp. Cod Salted product Staphylococcus aureus sodium hypochlorite Sepia spp. Cuttlefish Fresh product Staphylococcus aureus benzalkonium chloride Sepia spp. Cuttlefish Fresh product Staphylococcus aureus peracetic acid Sepia spp. Cuttlefish Fresh product Staphylococcus aureus sodium hypochlorite Merluccius spp. Hake Nugget Staphylococcus aureus benzalkonium chloride Merluccius spp. Hake Nugget Staphylococcus aureus peracetic acid AMR in fishery and aquaculture products

ASFIS Common name Category Target Antibiotic Merluccius spp. Hake Nugget Staphylococcus aureus sodium hypochlorite Pterogymnus spp. Panga Fillet Staphylococcus aureus benzalkonium chloride Pterogymnus spp. Panga Fillet Staphylococcus aureus peracetic acid Pterogymnus spp. Panga Fillet Staphylococcus aureus sodium hypochlorite Loligo vulgaris Squid Frozen ring Staphylococcus aureus benzalkonium chloride Loligo vulgaris Squid Frozen ring Staphylococcus aureus peracetic acid Loligo vulgaris Squid Frozen ring Staphylococcus aureus sodium hypochlorite Xiphias gladius Swordfish Smoked product Staphylococcus aureus benzalkonium chloride Xiphias gladius Swordfish Smoked product Staphylococcus aureus peracetic acid Xiphias gladius Swordfish Smoked product Staphylococcus aureus sodium hypochlorite Thunnus spp. Tuna Mojama(salted dry tuna) Staphylococcus aureus benzalkonium chloride Thunnus spp. Tuna Mojama(salted dry tuna) Staphylococcus aureus peracetic acid Thunnus spp. Tuna Mojama(salted dry tuna) Staphylococcus aureus sodium hypochlorite Thank you for your attention

Esther Garrido Gamarro Food Safety and Quality Officer Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Email: [email protected]