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Scoping Exercise to Support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in Tamil Nadu

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Scoping Exercise to Support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in Tamil Nadu Scoping Exercise to Support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in Tamil Nadu SECONDARY REVIEW REPORT December 2015 Scoping Exercise to support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in TN: Secondary Review Report | December 2015 i Scoping Exercise to Support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in Tamil Nadu SECONDARY REVIEW REPORT December 2015 Scoping Exercise to support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in TN: Secondary Review Report | December 2015 iii For Citation: TNUSSP, 2015. Scoping Exercise to Support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in Tamil Nadu, Secondary Review Report DOI: https://doi.org/10.24943/tnusspsrr.12.2015 This document is produced as part of Tamil Nadu Urban Sanitation Support Programme (TNUSSP). TNUSSP supports the Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN) and cities in making improvements along the entire urban sanitation chain. The TNUSSP is being implemented by a consortium of organisations led by the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), in association with CDD Society, Gramalaya, and Keystone Foundation. Document Team: Rajiv Raman, Devi Kalyani, Geetika Anand, Shivaram K.N.V., Chaya Ravishankar Editing: Word Lab, IIHS, Bengaluru Production: Shaheena Manoj, Krishnapriyaa P., Govardhan Seshachalam Team Leader: Kavita Wankhade Project Director: Somnath Sen 1. CC license terms: This research and data has been published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Under the aforementioned license, you are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — you may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. Notices: You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material. 2. BMGF funding acknowledgement: This Research / Work was supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 3. Logo use: ''The IIHS logo, name and all graphics on the IIHS website are trademarks of IIHS. Use, reproduction, copying or redistribution of trademarks, without the written permission of IIHS is prohibited. All other trademarks marks or service marks appearing on this report are the marks of their respective owners.'' www.tnussp.co.in | www.iihs.co.in Scoping Exercise to support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in TN: Secondary Review Report | December 2015 iv Contents Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................E1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................E3 Physiography, Climate, Rainfall ....................................................................................E3 Water Resources...........................................................................................................E3 Tamil Nadu Economy and Social Development ............................................................E4 Urbanisation in Tamil Nadu ...........................................................................................E5 Household Sanitation and Drinking Water Supply in Urban Tamil Nadu ......................E6 Wastewater Collection and Treatment in Urban Tamil Nadu ........................................E7 Institutional Arrangements for Urban Sanitation and Water Supply .............................E7 Key Issues in Sanitation and Water in Urban Tamil Nadu ............................................E9 1. Study Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 Urban Sanitation in Tamil Nadu: Scope of Study ..................................................................... 3 Project Objectives and Scope of Work ..................................................................................... 3 Scope and Structure of this Document ..................................................................................... 4 2. Physical Setting: Geography, Resources and Demography ........................................................... 5 Geography and Physiographic Features .................................................................................. 7 Climate, Temperature and Rainfall ........................................................................................... 8 Forests ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Mineral Resources .................................................................................................................. 11 Water Resources in Tamil Nadu ............................................................................................. 13 Surface Water Resources of Tamil Nadu ............................................................................... 14 2.6.1. Quality Considerations in Select River Basins of Tamil Nadu .................................. 15 2.6.2. Waterways of Chennai .............................................................................................. 17 Ground Water Resources of Tamil Nadu ............................................................................... 17 2.7.1. Change in Groundwater Level .................................................................................. 18 2.7.2. Quality of Groundwater ............................................................................................. 19 Water Resources: Demand-Supply Estimates ....................................................................... 20 3. Economy of Tamil Nadu ................................................................................................................ 23 Manufacturing and Industries ................................................................................................. 25 4. People of Tamil Nadu and Urbanisation ....................................................................................... 27 Urbanization in Tamil Nadu .................................................................................................... 30 5. Urban Watsan and Environmental Services in Tamil Nadu .......................................................... 33 Drinking Water Supply ............................................................................................................ 35 Household Access to Drinking Water Supply in Urban Tamil Nadu ....................................... 36 Household Arrangements for Sanitation in Urban Tamil Nadu .............................................. 37 Scoping Exercise to support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in TN: Secondary Review Report | December 2015 v Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 38 Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 39 6. Legal Framework for Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ............................................................ 43 State Administration Arrangements for Urban Areas ............................................................. 46 6.1.1. The Department of Municipal Administration and Water Supply (DMAWS) ............. 46 6.1.2. Institutions Administered by MAWSD ....................................................................... 47 6.1.3. Finances Managed by the Department ..................................................................... 51 6.1.4. Housing and Urban Development Department (HUDD) ........................................... 52 6.1.5. Finances Managed by the Department ..................................................................... 54 6.1.6. The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department ............................... 54 Devolution of Functions, Functionaries and Funds ................................................................ 54 Financing of Urban Sector Investments ................................................................................. 55 State Budgets: A Review ........................................................................................................ 56 Financial Situation of ULBs in Tamil Nadu ............................................................................. 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................... 61 Scoping Exercise to support Sustainable Urban Sanitation in TN: Secondary Review Report | December 2015 vi List of Figures Figure E.1: (a) River Basins with District Boundaries; (b) Blocks with Percentage
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