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Status of Adult Education in Tanzania: a Case of Ilemela District, Mwanza

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Status of Adult Education in Tanzania: a Case of Ilemela District, Mwanza The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Education Master Dissertations 2018 Status of adult education in Tanzania: a case of Ilemela district, Mwanza Soloma, Margareth The University of Dodoma Soloma, M. (2018). Status of adult education in Tanzania: a case of Ilemela district, Mwanza. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/1675 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. STATUS OF ADULT EDUCATION IN TANZANIA: A CASE OF ILEMELA DISTRICT, MWANZA BY MARGARETH SOLOMA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA OCTOBER, 2018 DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Soloma, Margareth, declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature………………………………….. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma. If transformed for publication in any other format shall be acknowledged that, this work has been submitted for degree award at the University of Dodoma”. i CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for acceptance by the University of Dodoma, a dissertation entitled: “Status of Adult education in Tanzania: A case of Ilemela District, Mwanza”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Education of the University of Dodoma. ………………………………………… Dr. Joseph Manase (Supervisor) Date…………………………………… ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I am grateful to the Almighty God, my creator and my redeemer for his protection and blessings. Without his favor nothing could be accomplished as far as this research is concerned. I also would like to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Joseph Manase for his generous academic guidance, assistance, constructive comments and advice throughout undertaking this research. Moreover, at moments when I did not show up, as it was required, he still waited for me with me with a lovely patience. I am also grateful for academic guidance received from different lecturers of Dodoma University and from other higher learning institutions. In addition my greatest gratitude go to my late parents Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Soloma, my brothers Said, Abdallah and Victor and my sisters Lydia, Bunga, Mwasi, Maria and Revina for their encouragement, financial support, affection and concern in my life and during all time of my studies. I also want to pass my special gratitude to my daughter Noorat Salim for her patience while I was away for my studies. My gratitude is also extended to my fellow students especially my group members, Factory, Emmanuel, Makia Asha, Zephania, Ayoub, Msangi, Mohamed,Kitonka, Emmanuel, Kato, Diana, Nshekenabo, Felician, Kilewo Richard, Mombo Emmanuel and Chizingwa, Sara, for their help in my studies during group discussions and in other private moments where they provided me with humanitarian support and entertainments.. iii Further my sincere thanks should also go to all my respondents who actively participated by giving their views and comments in this study. It could be impossible to accomplish this study without them. iv DEDICATION I dedicate this study to my beloved late parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Soloma for their support, love, affection, care, encouragements and advice while they were alive. May our Almighty God rest your souls in eternal peace. v ABSTRACT This study sought to assess the status of Adult Education in Tanzania by taking experience from Ilemela District. Specifically, the study was set to investigate the existing adult education supporting structures, to assess the extent of the implementation of adult education, to identify factors influencing the implementation of adult education and to solicit stakeholders‟ opinions on the effective way of improving Adult Education in Ilemela district. The study employed a mixed research approach where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Further, the study employed a cross sectional research design in data gathering whereas the study was underpinned by Adult Learning theory (Andragogy theory) by Malcolm Knowles (1980) and Transformative Theory of Adult learning by Jack Mezirow(1978). Data were collected from 92 respondents who were selected from simple and purposive sampling techniques through questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data by computing frequencies, percentage, Standard deviation and mean by using SPSS version 20.0. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the existing structures supporting the implementation of adult Education are ineffective. Furthermore, the study indicated that Adult Education is moderately implemented. The results revealed that the majority of respondents were not sure on the factors that influence the implementation of Adult Education. Following the findings of the study, it was recommended that the government should provide adequate infrastructures and facilities; foster higher community participation, employ enough and competent Adult education facilitators and improve financial positions of the Adult Education departments. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT ........................................................................ i CERTIFICATION ...................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ v ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xii LIST OF APPENDICES .......................................................................................... xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................. xiv CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Study ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................... 7 1.3 The Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................... 8 1.4 Specific Objectives of the Study ........................................................................... 9 1.5 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 9 1.6 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................... 9 1.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study .................................................................. 10 1.8 Definition of Key Terms ..................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................... 11 2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Theoretical framework ........................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy Theory) .................................................. 11 2.1.2 Transformative Theory of Adult Learning ....................................................... 13 2.2 Adult Education .................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Structural Framework of Adult education in Tanzania ....................................... 15 2.3.1 Integrated Community Based Adult Education (ICBAE) ................................ 16 2.3.2 Complementary Basic Education in Tanzania (COBET) ................................ 18 vii 2.4 Policies and Guidelines that Support the Implementation of Adult Education . 20 2.5 Effectiveness of Adult Education in Tanzania .................................................... 24 2.6 Factors Influencing the Implementation of Adult Education in Tanzania .......... 25 2.6.1 Social factors influencing the Implementation of Adult Education in Tanzania ........................................................................................................... 25 2.6.2 Socio-economic Factors Influencing the Implementation of Adult Education in Tanzania ........................................................................................................... 26 2.6.3 Political Factors Influencing the Implementation of Adult Education in Tanzania
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