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London Philharmonic Orchestra Serenade Divertimento Partita Mont Juic (Berkeley/Britten) Serenade Divertimento Partita London Canzonetta Philharmonic Symphony No. 3 Orchestra SRCD.226 STEREO ADD movement symphony that he told John Manduell enthusiastically that Berkeley was ‘un grand compositeur’. Compared with the somewhat expansive first and fourth symphonies, the third delivers its message with a concise attack which can even seem aggressive from so SIR LENNOX BERKELEY (1903 - 1989) reserved a personality. The extensions of Berkeley’s later style into aspects of serial technique, which can be Mont Juic (Berkeley/Britten) Op. 9 (1937) ** (11'04") compared to Copland’s earlier moves in this direction, gave his music a greater urgency 1 I Andante maestoso (2'31") 3 III Andante moderate (3'51") without sacrificing his lyrical qualities. All the same it is hard to describe Berkeley’s thematic technique for the listener in terms of appearances and reappearances. His opening 2 II Allegro grazioso (1'52")4 IV Allegro molto (2’50”) motif sets the scene - harmonically a brass chord of D major plus conflicting elements Serenade for Strings Op. 12 (1939) (13’19”) including a G sharp in the bass and melodically an outline of the chords of D minor and B major in the violins - but Berkeley uses this as basic material from which later ideas derive. 5 I Vivace (2'01")7 III Allegro moderate (3’32”) The D minor and B major chords combine to make the first six notes of a twelve-note set: 6 II Andantino (3'50")8 IV Lento (3’56”) the dotted rhythm in the first few bars recurs throughout. In spite of the music’s apparent terseness, it proceeds through a series of loosely-linked sections in an overall ternary form. Divertimento in B Flat Op.18 (1943) (18’46”) A landmark is the opening of the section in 5/8 time where three trumpets hold an A minor 9 I Prelude (3'48")11 III Scherzo (5’56”) triad and the woodwind ornament it flexibly as a tranquil interlude. After a return to the 10 II Nocturne (5'05")12 IV Rondo (3’57”) opening motifs, carefully disguised, deft woodwind solos lead to a Lento with various woodwind solos over sustained chords in the strings. Starting with the low flute, the Partita for Chamber Orchestra Op. 66 (1964-5) (12’38”) atmosphere is distinctly French impressionist. In fact Berkeley is working with the second 13 I Prelude & Fugue (4'50")15 III Aria 2: Lento (2'16") six notes of his twelve-note set. But the paradisal interlude is short-lived. Two brusque 14 II Aria 1: Andante (1'57")16 IV Rondo: Allegro (3'27") chords set up the finale with the dotted rhythm at once in heavy brass and elsewhere. The cor anglais soon leads off with a version of the D minor plus B major motif in a rhythm 17 Canzonetta (Sinfonia Concertante Op. 84) (1973) † (2’58”) lacking a first beat. This, along with some brass fanfares, tends to dominate the discussion with little respite and to propel it into a strong conclusion, clinched after a pause for breath. 18 Symphony No. 3 in one Movement Op. 74 (1969) * (15’17”) (73’57”) PETER DICKINSON † Roger Winfield www.lyrita.co.uk London Philharmonic Orchestra Note © 1992 Lyrita Recorded Edition, England Copyright Lyrita photos of Sir Lennox Berkeley by LAWRENCE BROOMAN Sir Lennox Berkeley Design by KEITH HENSBY The above individual timings will normally each include two pauses. One before the beginning of each movement or work, and one after the end. WARNING Copyright subsists in all Lyrita Recordings. Any unauthorised broadcasting. public performance, copying, rental or re-recording thereof in any manner whatsoever will constitute an ൿ 1975 *ൿ 1972 **ൿ 1971 The copyright in these sound recordings is owned by Lyrita Recorded Edition, England. infringement of such copyright. In the United Kingdom licences for the use of recordings for public This compilation and the digital remastering ൿ 1992 Lyrita Recorded Edition, England. performance may be obtained from Phonographic Performance Ltd., 1 Upper James Street, London, © 1992 Lyrita Recorded Edition, England. Lyrita is a registered trade mark. Made in the UK W1F 9DE LYRITA RECORDED EDITION. Produced under an exclusive license from Lyrita by Wyastone Estate Ltd, PO Box 87, Monmouth NP25 3WX, UK 7 With the Partita we leap forward a quarter of a century to an era of industrial patronage and music for youth. It was commissioned by Crosby and Co. Ltd. for the Farnham Festival of School Music and first performed there on May 17, 1965. In the ennox Berkeley stood for pure music - no violence, exaggeration or exotic distractions. intervening years Berkeley had written three operas, five concertos, a second symphony, L Mozart was his god and it shows. As our tortured century grinds towards its close, the and had expanded his range in both vocal and instrumental music. His interest in best of Berkeley’s music is standing the test of time remarkably well – at least for those who counterpoint had grown and his adherence to tonality had lessened: twelve-note rows know it - and Berkeley stands unobtrusively beside his contemporaries such as Walton, appear in the Concerto for Violin and Chamber Orchestra, Op. 59 and the Sonatina for Oboe Tippett and Britten as an essential part of mid-century British music. and Piano, Op. 61, a process carried further in Symphony No. 3. Everything about Berkeley’s background comes through logically in his music – birth The Partita – a revealing Baroque title, since Bach was a strong early influence on into an aristocratic family of partly French origin; extended study and a close relationship Berkeley - opens with a Prelude and Fugue.The main theme in the first violins is announced with Nadia Boulanger in Paris; friendship with Ravel and Poulenc and later Britten; and a against its own augmentation in the horns and gentle changes of time-signature do little to profound Roman Catholic faith which made virtually everything Berkeley wrote religious. disrupt this robust Prelude. It leads straight to the Fugue, which has the first two notes of His legacy is more far-reaching than is generally realised. Not least through his range of its subject quickly repeated for emphasis and identification: the answer to the subject is pupils, including David Bedford, Richard Rodney Bennett,William Mathias, Nicholas Maw, tonal, with traditional modifications, and an oboe solo offers the inversion before the Fugue John Tavener and the composer’s eldest son Michael. But Berkeley’s main contribution is his slows down to a quiet ending. music, which is so well represented on this CD by the works he has conducted himself. The two middle movements are both called Aria. The first is serenely euphonious in 1936 was a landmark for the thirty-three-year-old Lennox Berkeley. His Overture, B flat and the second, pervaded by a dotted rhythm announced by trumpet and trombone Op.8 (later withdrawn) was performed at the Festival of the International Society for in alternation, is more nocturnal.The final Rondo is firmly in G major again. After a rising Contemporary Music in Barcelona.With characteristic modesty he told me that the impact flourish from the strings with brass, the clarinet’s till-ready introduces a theme in the violins of Berg’s Violin Concerto was so great that he had completely forgotten about his own work! which is mostly on one note – clearly a relation of similar tunes in the finale of the Benjamin Britten, ten years younger, was also at the Festival to perform his Suite for Violin Divertimento. The B section of the Rondo’s A-B-A scheme is opened lyrically by the violins and Piano, Op. 6 with Antonio Brosa. Berkeley recalled their first meeting (Tempo No. 106, in C major, imitated at once in the cellos but varied: nothing is repeated exactly.The return September 1973): “I immediately became aware of his extraordinary musical ability and his of the A section brings back the opening gestures, ending a work which is ruggedly built and immense knowledge of music. Since he was subsequently to have such a profound influence rewarding to play for amateurs or professionals. on my life and musical development, that first meeting would in any case have made the year memorable for me.” During the Festival the two composers went to watch some Canzonetta is the fourth movement of the Sinfonia Concertante, for Oboe and Catalan folk dancing in the park called Mont Juic. They were so fascinated by the tunes the Chamber Orchestra, Op. 84. It was commissioned by the B.B.C. and first performed at a musicians were playing that Britten ‘wrote them down on old envelopes and various pieces Prom on August 3, 1973, with Janet Craxton and the B.B.C. Northern Symphony Orchestra of paper which he produced from his pockets’. These then became the basis of their under Raymond Leppard. It followed the Sonatina, Op. 61 and the Oboe Quartet, Op. 70, all collaboration in the orchestral suite Mont Juic, which was published as Berkeley’s Op. 9 and inspired by Craxton with the composer showing a special rapport with her instrument.The Britten’s Op. 12. During Britten’s lifetime they never divulged who wrote which portions of Canzonetta again emphasises Berkeley’s stature as a melodist, an aspect of so-called serious the work but when I was writing my book on Berkeley (The Music of Lennox Berkeley, composition which became neglected in the 1960s and 70s. Thames Publishing 1989) the composer told me that he wrote the first two movements and Britten the last two, although they both discussed them all and the full score is in Britten’s Symphony No.
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