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Manual for Surveillance and Control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific

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Manual for Surveillance and Control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific Pacific Public Health Surveillance Network Manual for Surveillance and Control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific Prepared by the Pacific Community and the World Health Organization Division of Pacific Technical Support Manual for Surveillance and Control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific -eVersion.pdf 1 12/1/2020 1:49:49 PM Manual for Surveillance and Control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific -eVersion.pdf 2 12/1/2020 1:49:49 PM MANUAL FOR SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL OF AEDES VECTORS IN THE PACIFIC Prepared by the Pacific Community and the World Health Organization Division of Pacific Technical Support Suva, Fiji, 2020 Manual for Surveillance and Control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific -eVersion.pdf 3 12/1/2020 1:49:49 PM © The Pacific Community (SPC) and World Health Organization (WHO), 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/) Suggested citation. Manual for surveillance and control of Aedes vectors in the Pacific. Suva: The Pacific Community and World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Original text: English Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Manual for surveillance and control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific / prepared by the Pacific Community and World Health Organization Division of Pacific Technical Support 1. Vector control – Handbooks, manuals, etc. – Oceania. 2. Mosquitoes – Control – Handbooks, manuals, etc. – Oceania. 3. Mosquitoes as carriers of diseases – Control – Handbooks, manuals, etc. – Oceania. 4. Aedes aegypti – Control – Handbooks, manuals, etc. – Oceania. 5. Mosquitoes – Identification – Oceania. I. Title II. Pacific Community III. World Health Organization 614.43230995 AACR2 ISBN: 978-982-00-1354-4 Printed in Suva, Fiji. Manual for Surveillance and Control of Aedes Vectors in the Pacific -eVersion.pdf 4 12/1/2020 1:49:49 PM Contents Authors and contributors ..........................................................................................................vii Abbreviations .........................................................................................................................viii Glossary ....................................................................................................................................ix Summary ...................................................................................................................................x 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Aim and objectives ..........................................................................................................................................1 1.3 Target audience ................................................................................................................................................1 1.4 Vector surveillance and control in policy context ................................................................................1 1.5 A comprehensive vector control programme .......................................................................................2 1.6 International Health Regulations (2005) and global public health security ................................2 1.7 Healthy Islands ..................................................................................................................................................3 1.8 Intra- and inter-sector collaboration .........................................................................................................3 2 Aedes vectors and disease transmission in the Pacific ..........................................................4 2.1 Mosquito life cycle ...........................................................................................................................................4 2.2 Transmission of arboviruses .........................................................................................................................4 2.3 Mosquito behaviour and distribution .......................................................................................................5 3 Operational priorities for vector surveillance and control ......................................................7 3.1 Risk of arbovirus outbreaks ..........................................................................................................................7 3.2 Transmission scenarios ...................................................................................................................................9 3.3 Considering risk of an outbreak and transmission scenarios to guide action ..........................10 3.4 Priorities for vector surveillance ................................................................................................................12 3.5 Priorities for vector control based on transmission scenarios ........................................................14 3.6 Prioritising data for decision-making ......................................................................................................16 3.7 Points of entry .................................................................................................................................................18 4 Aedes vector surveillance .................................................................................................19 4.1 Types of surveys ..............................................................................................................................................19 4.2 Entomological indices ................................................................................................................................. 20 4.3 Sentinel sites ................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.4 Common mosquito sampling methods and analytical techniques ............................................ 23 4.5 Mosquito identification ...............................................................................................................................31 4.6 Insecticide resistance ....................................................................................................................................31 5 Aedes vector control interventions ...................................................................................36 5.1 Larval control including source reduction and larviciding ............................................................ 37 5.2 Targeted indoor residual spraying for Aedes ........................................................................................41 5.3 Targeted outdoor residual spraying for Aedes
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