Changing Assumptions U.S.-Islamic World Forum June 1-3, 2015 / Doha, Qatar Welcome

STEERING Ahlan Wa Sahlan! COMMITTEE

William On behalf of the Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World, McCants housed in the Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, we welcome you to Director and Fellow, the 12th annual U.S.-Islamic World Forum. Brookings co-convenes this Forum Project on U.S. Relations with the annually with the State of Qatar, under the gracious auspices of H.R.H. Sheikh Islamic World Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar.

Bruce Jones Acting Vice Last year, we launched an initiative to return Mali’s cultural heritage to Timbuktu after President and the city was taken over by jihadists. We also deliberated on expanding the capacity Director of Foreign of Pakistan’s civil society to counter violent extremism; discussed the application of Policy at Brookings Islamic values to achieve reconciliation in post-conflict Muslim societies, and exam- Tamara ined the challenges faced by Muslim communities in Europe and North America to Cofman Wittes contextualize their religion. This year, we meet as the international community wages Senior Fellow and a military campaign against the Islamic State, the Syrian conflict continues into its Director, Center for Middle East fourth year, and Yemen and Libya have descended into civil war. Policy at Brookings During our three days together, we have arranged a variety of formats for candid Kenneth Pollack dialogue and engagement: Senior Fellow, Center for Middle • A series of keynote remarks at our opening session from world leaders, discussing East Policy the challenges and opportunities confronting relations between the United States at Brookings and Muslim communities around the globe; Bruce Riedel • Televised and webcast plenary sessions to explore major developments, tran- Senior Fellow, sitions, and crises affecting our world; Center for Middle East Policy • Three targeted working groups bringing together practitioners and experts to de- at Brookings velop practical partnerships and policy recommendations for our governments; • An action group to launch a new initiative to deal with a pressing problem Salman Shaikh Director and confronting society. Fellow, Brookings Doha Center We are grateful to His Highness the Emir for his leadership and generosity in enabling us to come together for these three days of candid discussion. We would also like to Shibley Telhami Anwar Sadat thank the Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, H.E. Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser Chair, University bin Khalifa Al Thani, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, H.E. Dr. Khalid bin Moham- of Maryland mad Al Attiyah, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for their support. We would especially like to recognize H.E. Mr. Rashid Bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, the Minister’s Assistant for Services and Follow-up Affairs, H.E. Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, the Minister’s Assistant for International Cooperation Affairs, Am- bassador Abdulla Fakhroo, the Permanent Committee for Organizing Conferences’ at Brookings Chief Executive Officer, and the Permanent Committee’s entire staff for their support.

Thank you for joining us and we look forward to welcoming you to Doha. Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Tamara Wittes William McCants Washington, DC 20036 Senior Fellow and Director Fellow and Director www.brookings.edu/islamic-world Center for Middle East Policy Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World 1

Changing Assumptions U.S.-Islamic World Forum June 1-3, 2015 / Doha, Qatar Your Stay for the 2015 U.S.-Islamic World Forum

Welcome to the 2015 U.S.-Islamic World Forum, held this year at the Sheraton Hotel in Doha, Qatar. We hope that your time with us is both informative and comfortable. To ensure this, we want to outline for you our policies with respect to transportation, hotel, and meals during the forum.

Transportation and Travel Meals and Translation Services Complimentary transportation will be provided for For all participants and special guests, breakfast, all international participants from Doha Interna- lunch, and dinner are complimentary on behalf tional Airport to the Sheraton Hotel and from the of the Forum; however, please note that room hotel to the airport for your return flight. service and items from the minibar will be at your own expense. Bus transportation will also be provided from the Sheraton to the off-site dinner on Tuesday, June If you have any special needs or requests, please 2nd. We ask all participants to be at the entrance of visit the concierge desk at the Sheraton Hotel. the Sheraton Hotel promptly at 6:30 pm for depar- Translation services are also available during the ture. For special needs only, participants may also plenary sessions. request a private car through the concierge desk. Contact Information If you have questions or concerns related to your For any special needs or concerns during the airline travel, a Qatar Airways travel agent will be Forum, please contact Anne Peckham at apeck- available onsite to answer any questions that you [email protected] or Elizabeth Pearce at may have. [email protected].

Hotel Stay We are pleased to provide you with a complimen- We are delighted you are able to join us for the tary room at the Sheraton Hotel for the nights 12th annual U.S-Islamic World Forum, and wish of May 31st, June 1st, 2nd, 3rd and, if needed, you a pleasant stay. June 4th. If you would like to extend your stay, you may do so subject to availability and at your own expense. There are no exceptions to this policy.

In addition, during the nights of May 31st, June 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, you will receive free Internet service in your hotel room.

A valid credit card must be presented during check- in for incidental charges that may be incurred during your stay.

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Changing Assumptions U.S.-Islamic World Forum June 1-3, 2015 / Doha, Qatar 2015 U.S.-Islamic World Forum Schedule Current to May 18, 2015

Sunday, May 31 6:00PM Conference Registration 7:00PM Welcome Reception

Monday, June 1 6:30AM-9:30AM Breakfast 8:30AM-9:30AM Conference Registration 10:00AM-11:00AM Welcoming Remarks and Keynote Address 11:00AM-12:45PM Plenary Session I: Strategic Priorities for the United States and the Middle East 1:00PM-2:00PM Lunch 2:00PM-3:30PM Plenary Session II: Pluralism in the Islamic World 4:00PM-6:30PM Working and Action Group Sessions 8:00PM-10:00PM Networking Dinner

Tuesday, June 2 6:30AM-8:45AM Breakfast 9:00AM-10:30AM Plenary Session III: The Role of Iran in the Region 10:30AM-11:00AM Break 11:00AM-12:45PM Working and Action Groups 1:00PM-2:00PM Lunch 2:15PM-3:45PM Plenary Session IV: Advancing Women’s Role in an Unstable Middle East 4:00PM-6:00PM Working and Action Groups 6:30PM-6:45PM Gather in lobby for shuttle buses to offsite dinner 7:00PM-10:00PM Offsite Dinner

Wednesday, June 3 6:30AM-8:30AM Breakfast 8:00AM-9:00AM Working and Action Groups 9:00AM-10:30AM Plenary Session V: Ending Civil Wars 10:30AM-11:30AM Keynote Address 11:30AM-12:00PM Closing Remarks and Summary

Changing Assumptions U.S.-Islamic World Forum June 1-3, 2015 / Doha, Qatar Plenary Sessions

Plenary I Plenary III Plenary V Strategic Priorities for the United States The Role of Iran in the Region Ending Civil Wars and the Middle East As we convene, Iran and the international Four years after peaceful protesters in Libya, The breakdown of several states into civil conflict, new community will be in the final stages of their effort Yemen, and Syria called for the ouster of autocratic assertions of power by some regional actors, and the to negotiate an agreement that forestalls an Iranian governments, all three countries are now engulfed rise of a new wave of extremist violence all challenge nuclear weapons program. Such an agreement in civil wars. The violence by governments the prospects for peace and stability in the Middle would be a profound turning point in Iran’s policy, and their opponents have left societies and East. Amidst these challenges, the United States and but the nuclear issue is only one dimension of communities shattered, hundreds of thousands its partners debate different views and approaches of Iran’s complex regional role. Many Americans dead, and millions displaced from their homes. how to confront common threats, restore stability and regional actors remain suspicious of Iran’s Despite the dangerous consequences for regional to the region, and offer its citizens hope for a better intentions. Yet Iran has long been, and will remain, stability, diplomatic efforts thus far have failed future. Some in the Middle East question the United a part of the Middle East. How can we understand to end the fighting. This panel will consider the States’ fundamental commitment to maintaining Iran’s regional objectives, and how might a nuclear variables prolonging these wars, and propose steps stability; many Americans are wary of entanglement agreement affect Iran’s regional behavior? This toward political resolutions. The plenary will bring in regional war. This plenary session will focus on plenary session will include voices from Iran, the together speakers with direct experience in conflict historic shifts in the geopolitical realities affecting Arab world, and the United States on these crucial resolution to explore the role of local actors, the United States’ role in the Middle East and North questions for regional security. regional governments, and the international Africa, and how America’s ties with states in the community. What can be done to stem the violence region are changing. and prevent continued spillover while searching Plenary IV for political solutions to these conflicts? Advancing Women’s Role Plenary II in an Unstable Middle East Pluralism in the Islamic World Women suffer disproportionately from conflict The Islamic world contains a rich array of ethnic, around the world, and the Middle East and North religious, and tribal communities. Values of diversity Africa are no exception. The rise of ISIS has and toleration are a longstanding part of the Islamic created particular new dangers for women in Syria tradition. Yet in times of stress and threat, societal and Iraq; in other countries, efforts to advance diversity often becomes a source of tension instead women’s inclusion in politics, economics, and of strength. Today, communities and nations face society have taken a backseat to security concerns. the challenge of defining their identities in terms that At the same time, women continue to outpace men embrace the diversity of their societies. The civil wars in in education in the region, and the importance Iraq and Syria are the most extreme examples of what of women’s inclusion in successful development happens when efforts to face these challenges don’t is undeniable. How are women’s advocates succeed, but even more stable countries have seen their responding to the challenges of the current politics divided along lines of kinship and faith. At the turmoil? How does taking account of women same time, the number of people identifying themselves alter policies and priorities for governments? as world citizens before anything else rises and falls in How can increasing the participation of women surprising ways according to the political context. This in preventing and resolving violent conflicts in plenary session will discuss how notions of identity are the region help advance peace and stability? This shaped by external threats, emerging opportunities, plenary will feature leaders from across the Islamic and even deliberate efforts by governments. It will also World on this crucial issue. explore how notions of identity have evolved in the Islamic world since the Arab Spring.

Changing Assumptions U.S.-Islamic World Forum June 1-3, 2015 / Doha, Qatar Abstracts

Here to Stay and Growing: Combating The Arab Uprisings and the Next Gen- Strategic Realignment in the Middle East Action Group: Jumpstarting Community- ISIS Propaganda Networks eration of Islamists led Initiatives to Counter Violent Extremism Steven Simon and F. Gregory Gause, III Alberto M. Fernandez Shadi Hamid and William McCants Alejandro J. Beutel, Stevan Weine, The objective of this Working Group is to bring to- and Salam Al-Marayati The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) considers This Working Group will convene Islamist youth gether members of the policy community from the dissemination of propaganda to be one of its most leaders and activists from across the Arab world along United States and the Middle East to evaluate the Since 9/11, Americans have debated different ap- important activities—and a highly-effective recruit- with scholars of political Islam to discuss ideologi- evidence for and against an emerging realignment of proaches to preventing violent extremism in the ing tool. In particular, ISIS uses social media in un- cal and tactical shifts occurring within mainstream the interests, objectives, and policies of the United United States. These debates have often yielded precedented ways to enlist new members to its ranks. Islamist groups, in light of the Egyptian coup and States and its traditional Middle Eastern allies. Issues one-sided approaches emphasizing surveillance or With this challenge in mind, this Working Group the threat posed by ISIS. Participants will examine that will be explored in the Working Group meet- condemnations of violence, but these approaches seeks to explore how the United States and the inter- how a new generation of Islamists has responded ings will include the significant changes in the world fail to address the problems at its roots. This Ac- national community can adopt more effective and to the brief experiences in government of Egyp- energy markets, the Obama administration’s efforts tion Group will build upon a nascent, community- systematic approaches to countering ISIS propa- tian and Tunisian Islamists, the Egyptian coup, the to develop a new relationship with Iran, and Wash- led initiative to counter violent extremism (CVE) ganda. This Working Group will assess the capacity emergence of pro- and anti-Brotherhood geopoliti- ington’s rising strategic interest in Asia. Discussions in the United States. The initiative, called Safe of existing counter-messaging programs, determine cal blocs, and the rise of ISIS and other extremists. will also center on the underlying tension between Spaces, was developed by the Muslim Public Af- good practices, and identify regional challenges and Discussions will focus on the methods of political American liberal values and the unmistakable au- fairs Council (MPAC) to empower local Muslim opportunities to implementing such programs. Dis- change, the relevance of peaceful protest in a time thoritarian trend in the region, post-Arab Spring. communities to address the needs of individuals cussions will also consider how the United States of growing violence, and the emergence of elements at all stages of the path to violent extremism. At and its allies can apply lessons from other countries favoring more confrontational responses to regime the core of Safe Spaces is the “Prevention, Interven- which have confronted violent extremism. The goal repression. The Working Group will also explore tion, Ejection” model, which provides a clear con- of this Working Group is to develop recommenda- tensions between gradualist and revolutionary ap- ceptual framework for CVE practitioners, helping tions for national and regional strategies which can proaches to change within Islamist parties, and how them understand the issues that push and pull in- empower civil society and other local actors as a bul- youth in the Muslim Brotherhood, Ennahda, the dividuals along a pathway to violence. To achieve wark against extremist propaganda. Justice and Development Party (PJD) in Morocco, the initiative’s goals, the Action Group will focus and other organizations are influencing and shaping on fine-tuning theSafe Spaces strategy, assessing these new debates over the future. These delibera- its implementation plan, suggesting new partner- tions will feed into broader discussions of models of ships, and reviewing its methods of measuring and change in mainstream Islamist movements. evaluating success. The Action Group also hopes to benefit from the perspectives of international CVE experts and practitioners with experience in grass- roots community-level interventions. The Action Group will help to ensure the successful launch of Safe Spaces pilot projects in multiple sites in the United States by the end of 2015.

8 9 List of Participants Current as of May 18, 2015

Hasan Abdel-Rahman Hatoon al-Fassi Jafar Al-Shayeb Benjamin Barthe Ian Black Farhad Chowdhury Vice President and Executive Associate Professor, King Saud Member, Qatif Municipal Middle East Correspondent, Middle East Editor, Founder and Chief Executive Director, Council on Arab University Council Le Monde The Guardian Officer, Fifth Tribe Relations with Latin America Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Lebanon United Kingdom United States and the Caribbean Palestine Ebtesam Al-Ketbi Mohamed Amakraz Kenan Basha Nicholas Blanford Maura Conway Founder and President, Member of Parliament, Principal, Rockbridge Growth Beirut Correspondent, Associate Professor of Abdullah Bin Nasser Bin Emirates Policy Center Government of Morocco Equity, LLC The Christian Science Monitor International Security, Khalifa Al-Thani United Arab Emirates Morocco United States Lebanon Dublin City University Prime Minister and Minister Ireland of the Interior, Ministry Nabil Al-Khowaiter Shahed Amanullah Dwight Bashir Kamran Bokhari of the Interior Chief Executive Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Deputy Director for Policy Advisor in Middle Eastern Vian Dakhil Qatar Aramco Energy Ventures LaunchPosse and Research, United States and South Asian Affairs, Member of Parliament, Saudi Arabia United States Commission on International Stratfor Global Intelligence Council of Representatives Mohammad Abu Rumman Religious Freedom Canada of Iraq Researcher, Center for Strategic John Allen Deborah Amos United States Iraq Studies, University of Jordan Special Presidential Envoy for Correspondent, Zied Boumakhla Jordan the Global Coalition to Counter National Public Radio Daniel Benjamin Member, Ennahda Movement’s Amr Darrag ISIL United States Norman E. McCulloch Jr. Executive Office Head of the Political Bureau, Junaid Afeef United States Director, John Sloan Dickey Tunisia Egyptian Revolutionary Council President, Common Good Omar Ashour Center for International Egypt Advocates Salam Al-Marayati Senior Lecturer in Security Understanding, Dartmouth Steven Brooke United States President, Muslim Public Studies, University of Exeter College Doctoral Candidate, Guido De Sanctis Affairs Council United Kingdom United States University of Texas at Austin Head of Mission, Muddassar Ahmed United States United States Italian Embassy, Doha Founder and Chief Executive, Abdullah Baabood J.M. Berger Italy Unitas Communications Tareq Al Naimat Director, Gulf Studies Center. Nonresident Fellow, Project on Rex Brynen United Kingdom Editor, Al-Araby al-Jadeed Qatar University U.S. Relations with the Islamic Professor of Political Science, Aimen Dean Jordan Qatar World, Brookings Institution McGill University Founder and Managing Director, Ahmad Akayleh United States Canada Five Dimensions Consultants Member, Supreme Coordinating Ibrahim Saleh Al-Naimi Suleiman Bakhit United Arab Emirates Body, Zamzam Jordan Building President and Founder, Founder, Hero-Factor Alejandro J. Beutel Ahmet Büyükgümüş Initiative Community College Qatar Jordan Researcher, National Member, Justice and Development Elizabeth Dickinson Jordan Qatar Consortium for the Study Party (AKP) Istanbul Youth Journalist, Deca Sultan Barakat of Terrorism and Responses Branch Executive Body United States Falah Al-Ajmi Nawaf Al-Qudaimi Director of Research, to Terrorism Turkey President, National Union Co-founder, Arab Network Brookings Doha Center United States Michael Doran of Kuwaiti Students for Research and Publishing Qatar Gail Chalef Senior Fellow, Kuwait Saudi Arabia Nadia Bilbassy-Charters Director of Communications, Hudson Institute Samir Barhoum Senior Correspondent, Foreign Policy Program, United States Chief Editor, The Jordan Times Al-Arabiya Brookings Institution Jordan United States United States

10 11 Abdirashid Duale Ignacio Escobar Ashraf Ghani H.A. Hellyer Muna Jondy Katayoun Kishi Chief Executive Officer, Ambassador, Embassy President Nonresident Fellow, Project on Government Relations Chair, Doctoral Candidate, University Dahabshiil Group of Spain to Qatar Islamic Republic of Afghanistan U.S. Relations with the Islamic United for a Free Syria of Maryland, College Park Somalia Spain World, Brookings Institution United States United States Abdullahi Godah Barre United Kingdom Khadra A. Dualeh Anwar Eshki Member of Parliament, Bruce Jones Prem Kumar Director-General of the Founder and Chairman, Federal Government of Somalia Alexander Henley Acting Vice President and Vice President in the Middle Directorate of International Middle East Institute for Somalia Joint Fellow, Brookings Director of Foreign Policy, East and North Africa Practice, Cooperation, Ministry Strategic and Legal Studies Doha Center Brookings Institution Albright Stonebridge Group of Planning and International Saudi Arabia Ufuk Gokcen United Kingdom United States United States Cooperation, Government Ambassador and Permanent of Somalia Manal Fakhoury Observer, Organisation Nicholas Hopton Calvert W. Jones Mehrezia Labidi-Maïza Somalia President and Chief Executive of Islamic Cooperation H.M. Ambassador to Qatar Assistant Professor of Political Member of Parliament, Officer, Fakhoury Leadership Turkey British Embassy to Doha Science, The City College Government of Tunisia Khaled Elgindy International United Kingdom of New York Tunisia Fellow, Center for Middle East United States H.P. Goldfield United States Policy, Brookings Institution Vice Chair,Albright Lise Morjé Howard Mokhtar Lamani United States Riadh Fakhoury Stonebridge Group Associate Professor Ossama Jureyda Former Head of the Office of Investment Manager, United States of Government, Member, Islamic Society the U.N.-League of Arab States Ilwad Elman Vestech Partners, LLC Georgetown University of New Tampa Joint Special Representative for Director of Programs and United States Philip Gordon United States United States Syria, United Nations Development, Elman Peace Senior Fellow, Council Morocco and Human Rights Centre Ammar Fayed on Foreign Relations Ben Hubbard Colin Kahl Somalia Independent Researcher United States Middle East Correspondent Deputy Assistant to the Bernardino León Egypt The New York Times President and National Security Special Representative of the Asha Elmi Yasmin Green United States Advisor to the Vice President, United Nations Secretary- Member of Parliament, Alberto M. Fernandez Head of Strategy and Operations, Office of the Vice President General and Head of the United Federal Parliament of Somalia Independent Scholar Google Ideas Hussein Ibish United States Nations Support Mission in Somalia United States United Kingdom Senior Resident Scholar, Libya, United Nations Arab Gulf States Institute David Kenner Spain Mustafa Elnemr Courtney Freer Nasser Hadian in Washington Middle East Editor, Research Assistant, Doctoral Candidate, Professor of Political Science, United States Foreign Policy Magazine Joseph Chinyong Liow Egyptian Institute for Political University of Oxford University of Tehran Lebanon Lee Kuan Yew Chair in and Strategic Studies United States Iran Omar Iharchane Southeast Asia Studies, Egypt Professor of Public Law Amil Khan Center for East Asia Policy, Ross Frenett Ahmed Hadji and Political Science, Independent Political Advisor Brookings Institution Mohamed Elsanousi Director, Against Violent Co-founder, Uganda Muslim Cadi Ayyad University United Kingdom Singapore Director, Network for Religious Extremism Network Youth Development Forum Morocco and Traditional Peacemakers Ireland Uganda Humera Khan Charles Lister United States Ali Issa Executive Director, Muflehun Visiting Fellow, F. Gregory Gause, III Shadi Hamid President, Café a la Fikr United States Brookings Doha Center Salah Eddin Elzein John H. Lindsey ’44 Chair Fellow, Project on U.S. Relations United States United Kingdom Director, Al Jazeera Centre and Head of the International with the Islamic World, Daniel Kimmage for Studies Affairs Department, Bush Brookings Institution Lou Anne King Jensen Deputy Coordinator, Center Sudan School of Government and United States Founder and President, for Strategic Counterterrorism Public Service, Texas A&M Chrest Foundation Communications, U.S. University United States Department of State United States United States

12 13 Shiraz Maher Anastasia Norton Zaher Sahloul Asmaa Shokr Knox Thames Tarik Yousef Senior Research Fellow, Manager, Monitor 360 President, Syrian American Independent Researcher Director of Policy and Research, Nonresident Senior Fellow, International Centre for United States Medical Society and Journalist United States Commission on Global Economy and the Study of Radicalisation, United States Egypt International Religious Freedom Development, Brookings King’s College London Michael O’Hanlon United States Institution United Kingdom Director of Research, Cynthia Schneider Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu United Kingdom Foreign Policy Program, Distinguished Professor in the Senior Fellow, Brookings India Gönül Tol Peter Mandaville Brookings Institution Practice of Diplomacy, India Founding Director, Center Shaarik H. Zafar Senior Advisor, Office of United States Georgetown University for Turkish Studies, Special Representative to Religion and Global Affairs, United States Steven Simon Middle East Institute Muslim Communities, U.S. Department of State Saida Ounissi Visiting Scholar, United States U.S. Department of State United States Member of Parliament, Omar Shaban Dartmouth College United States Government of Tunisia Founder and Director, United States Barbara Plett Usher William McCants Tunisia PalThink for Strategic Studies State Department, Khuram Zaman Director, Project on U.S. Palestine Hanaa Soltan Correspondent, BBC Digital Strategist, Fifth Tribe Relations with the Islamic David Siddhartha Patel Executive Director, Canada United States World, Brookings Institution Junior Research Fellow, Basem Shabb Mideast Global Advisors United States Crown Center for Middle Member of Parliament, United States Justin Vela East Studies Government of Lebanon Gulf Correspondent and Senior Robert McKenzie United States Lebanon Avi Max Spiegel Foreign Editor, The National Consultant, RLM Inc. Assistant Professor of Political United Arab Emirates United States Kadira Pethiyagoda Hashi Shafi Science, University of San Diego Visiting Fellow, Founder and Executive Director, United States Clinton Watts Ayman Mohyeldin Brookings Doha Center Somali Action Alliance Senior Fellow, Foreign Foreign Correspondent, Australia United States Praveen Swami Policy Research Institute NBC News National Editor for Strategic United States United States Kenneth M. Pollack Oubai Shahbandar and International Affairs, Senior Fellow, Center Group Media Director, The Indian Express Stevan Weine Marwan Muasher for Middle East Policy, Orient Media Network India Professor of Psychiatry, Vice President for Studies, Brookings Institution United States University of Illinois at Chicago Carnegie Endowment for United States Haris Tarin United States International Peace Salman Shaikh Senior Policy Advisor, Office Jordan Jomana Qaddour Director,Brookings of Civil Rights and Civil Tamara Cofman Wittes Senior Associate, Doha Center Liberties, U.S. Department Senior Fellow and Director, Naheed Mustafa Caerus Associates Qatar of Homeland Security Center for Middle East Policy, Independent Writer United States United States Brookings Institution and Broadcaster Kunaal Sharma United States Canada Mossarat Qadeem Doctoral Candidate, Ömer Taspinar Founder, PAIMAN Columbia University Professor of National Security Graeme Wood Peter Neumann Alumni Trust United States Strategy, U.S. National Contributing Editor, Director, International Centre Pakistan War College The Atlantic for the Study of Radicalisation, Ibrahim Sharqieh United States United States King’s College London Jordan Reimer Deputy Director, United Kingdom International Affairs Analyst, Brookings Doha Center Shibley Telhami Sakena Yacoobi New York City Government Qatar Anwar Sadat Professor for Peace Founder and Chief Executive United States and Development, University Officer, Afghan Institute of Maryland, College Park of Learning United States Afghanistan

14 15 Co-conveners of the U.S.-Islamic World Forum

Khalid Bin Mohammed Bruce Jones Al Attiyah UNITED STATES QATAR Bruce Jones is the Acting Khalid Bin Mohammed Al Vice President and Direc- Attiyah is the Minister of tor of the Foreign Policy Foreign Affairs of the State program at the Brookings of Qatar. Prior to his appointment, he served as Institution and a Senior Fellow in the Project on minister of state for foreign affairs and was a mem- International Order and Strategy at Brookings. ber of the Council of Ministers for two years. In He is also a Consulting Professor at the Freeman 2009, he was chairman of the board of directors Spogli Institute at Stanford University, and chair of Qatar’s Stock Exchange, vice chairman of the of the advisory council of the Center on Interna- Supreme Council for Information Technology and tional Cooperation at New York University. Jones’ Communications and Qatar Financial Center Au- research expertise and policy experience is in inter- thority, and acting minister of business and trade. national security. His current research focus is on He also served as minister of state for international U.S. strategy, international order, and the emerging cooperation in 2008. From 1987-95, Al Attiyah powers. His most recent book on the topic is Still was a fighter pilot in Qatar’s Emiri Air Force. Al Ours to Lead: America, Rising Powers, and the Ten- Attiyah received his bachelor’s in Aviation Stud- sion between Rivalry and Restraint (Brookings Press, ies from King Faisal Air Academy, a degree in Law 2014). He is also co-author with Carlos Pascual from Beirut Arab University, a master’s in Public and Stephen Stedman of Power and Responsibility: Law, and a doctorate in Law from Cairo University. Building International Order in an Era of Trans- national Threats (Brookings Press, 2009), and co- editor with Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu and Pratap Bhanu Mehta of Shaping the Emerging World: India and the Multilateral Order (Brookings Press, 2013). He earned a B.A. from the University of Toronto, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the London School of Economics.

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Changing Assumptions Changing U.S.-Islamic World Forum World U.S.-Islamic June 1-3, 2015 / Doha, Qatar Doha, / 2015 1-3, June Biographies

Hasan Abdel-Rahman University of Jordan, where he heads the Policy Stud- tions, a British public relations firm, and his clients ferences and meetings on youth civic engagement Palestine ies Department. His research focuses on political include the United Nations and the U.S. Department and political participation. Al-Ajmi graduated theory and Islamist movements. He writes regularly of State. He is also the founder of the Concordia Fo- from the University of Kuwait with a degree in Pe- Hasan Abdel-Rahman is the for the Jordanian daily newspaper Al Ghad, rum, an annual retreat for Western Muslim leaders. troleum Engineering. Vice President and Execu- and has been published in a number of Ara- Additionally, Ahmed serves as President of the John tive Director of the Council bic-language newspapers and magazines. He Adams Society, and as Director of the European Net- on Arab Relations with Latin is the author of several academic books and nu- work of American Alumni. Ahmed is also a Fellow Hatoon al-Fassi America and the Caribbean (CARLAC). Abdel-Rah- merous studies on Salafism, Islam and democracy, at the Royal Society of Arts, a Member of the U.S. Saudi Arabia man previously served as the Chief Representative of and Islamic political thought. Abu Rumman Atlantic Council, and a NATO Fellow. He also serves Palestine to the United States and Canada, Ambassador holds a bachelor’s degree in Political Science as Independent Advisor to the U.K. Government on Hatoon al-Fassi is a Saudi to Morocco, and Nonresident Ambassador to Venezue- from Yarmouk University, a master’s degree British Muslim communities. historian specializing in la and Colombia. During his tenure in North America, in Political Science from Al al-Bayt Univer- women’s history, and As- Abdel-Rahman also served as a senior political advisor sity, and a doctorate in Philosophy and Political sociate Professor at King to the Palestinian delegation at the Madrid Conference Science from the College of Economics and Ahmad Akayleh Saud University. She researches pre-Islamic and Is- and during the Washington, D.C. negotiations for the Political Science at Cairo University. JORDAN lamic history, as well as women’s studies in Saudi peace process. He began his diplomatic career in New Arabia and the Gulf, including women’s religious York as Deputy Chief of Mission of the Palestinian Ahmad Akayleh is a member rights and female writers. She writes a weekly col- Liberation Organization to the United Nations. Abdel- Junaid Afeef of the Supreme Coordinat- umn in Al-Riyadh newspaper, and her commentary Rahman has spoken extensively at colleges and univer- UNITED STATES ing Body for the Zamzam on gender issues in the Gulf appears regularly in sities and appeared on media outlets around the world. Jordan Building Initiative, Saudi and international outlets. She has published Junaid Afeef is an American and is also an official in the Initiative’s youth sector. A numerous books and peer-reviewed articles in both Muslim civic leader and at- political and civil activist, he was one of the founding Arabic and English. In 2012, al-Fassi was awarded Abdullah bin Nasser bin torney with over 20 years of members of the Zamzam Jordan Building Initiative the National Order of Merit at the level of Cheva- Khalifa Al Thani experience in criminal law, in 2012-13. He previously served as a youth spokes- lier by the president of France. She holds a Ph.D. in QATAR civil liberties, and public policy. Afeef is also President person and as a member of a youth committee with History from the University of Manchester. of Common Good Advocates, an organization the Islamic Action Front, a political party associated Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khal- dedicated to promoting civil liberties, public safety, with the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood. In 2011, he ifa Al Thani is the Prime Min- and national security through education led a project funded by United Nations Development Ebtesam Al-Ketbi ister and Minister of the Interi- and advocacy. He concurrently serves as Dep- Program aimed at developing youth participation in UNITED ARAB or for the State of Qatar. A member of the ruling family, uty General Counsel at the Illinois Criminal local government. Trained as a civil engineer, Akayleh EMIRATES he was Minister of State for Internal Affairs from 2005 Justice Information Authority, and he is a Po- was educated at Hashemite University. to 2013, when he assumed his current role. He will serve litical Partner with the Truman National Security Ebtesam Al-Ketbi is the as Chairman of the Security Committee for the FIFA Project. Afeef formerly served as Executive Director Founder and President of World Cup Organizing Committee, which will be held of the Council of Islamic Organizations Falah Al-Ajmi the Emirates Policy Cen- in Qatar in 2022. Al Thani earned a bachelor’s degree in of Greater Chicago. His essays have appeared many KUWAIT ter, and a Professor of Political Science at United Policing Science from Durham Military College, as well outlets, including the Chicago Tribune and The Wall Arab Emirates University. She is on the board of as a bachelor’s degree in Law from Beirut University. Street Journal. Falah Al-Ajmi is President the Association of Political Sciences and Trustees of the National Union of and the Arabic Organization for Transparency, Kuwaiti Students, and a and serves as a consultative board member of the Mohammad Abu Rumman Muddassar Ahmed member of the Islamic Arabic Thought Foundation. Previously, she served JORDAN UNITED KINGDOM Constitutional Movement’s youth branch. He also as Secretary General of the Gulf Development Fo- serves as President of the Student Youth Advisory rum, and was a team member of the Arabic Human Mohammad Abu Rumman Muddassar Ahmed is the Council in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Previ- Development Report in 2006. She was previously is a Researcher at the Center Founder and Chief Execu- ously, Al-Ajmi held leadership positions in student affiliated with the Arabic Council for Social Sci- for Strategic Studies at the tive of Unitas Communica- organizations, and contributed to numerous con- ences, and the Arab Unity Studies Center. Al-Ketbi

18 19 has published widely on topics including military len commanded at every level in the Marine Corps lamist movements. He currently works as an edi- litical thought, and the Co-founder of the Arab Net- relations between GCC countries and the United through the Marine Expeditionary Brigade. As a tor of the Arabic-language website for al-Araby al- work for Research and Publishing. Al-Qudaimi has States, the global war on terrorism, and concepts general officer, Allen served as the Principal Direc- Jadeed newspaper. Previously, he was a visiting Arab published dozens of articles in a number of Arabic of citizenship and democratic transitions in GCC tor of Asia/Pacific Policy in the Office of the Secre- journalist at the Woodrow Wilson International publications, and participated in numerous confer- countries. Al-Ketbi received her Ph.D. in Political tary of Defense, a position he held for nearly three Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. He is the ences. Al-Qudaimi was present in the Arab Spring Science at the Faculty of Economics and Political years. He remains a permanent and active member author of the book The History of the Islamic Stu- countries when revolutions and uprisings broke out Sciences, Cairo University. of the Council on Foreign Relations. General Al- dent Movement in Jordan (Amman: Al Umah Study in Egypt, Yemen, Syria, and Morocco. During this len holds a B.S. in Operations Analysis from the Center, 2010). Al Naimat has published numerous time, he recorded his experiences and published U.S. Naval Academy, an M.A. in National Security research papers and articles, including The Jorda- them in the book Revolution Diaries…From Tahrir Nabil Al-Khowaiter Studies from Georgetown University, an M.S. in nian Regime and the Muslim Brotherhood: A Tug of Square to Sidi Bou Said Toward the Arena of Change. SAUDI ARABIA Strategic Intelligence from the Defense Intelligence War (Woodrow Wilson Center, 2014) and Zamzam He has published seven other books, including Long- College, and an M.S. in National Security Strategy and the Jordanian Brotherhood (Sada Carnegie En- ing for Freedom…On the Salafi Approach to Democ- Nabil Al-Khowaiter is the from the National Defense University. dowment for International Peace, 2014). racy, Islamists and Questions of a Disabled Renaissance, CEO of Aramco Energy and Islamists and the Arab Spring…The Practice of Ventures. Previously, he Producing Thought. held a variety of jobs in Salam Al-Marayati Ibrahim Saleh Al-Naimi new business development, including Director UNITED STATES QATAR of Special Projects in the Aramco Entrepreneur- Jafar Al-Shayeb ship Center. Prior to joining Saudi Aramco in Salam Al-Marayati is the Ibrahim Saleh Al-Naimi is SAUDI ARABIA 2005, Al-Khowaiter worked as Vice President of President of the Muslim the Founder and President Business Development for the private Saudi oil Public Affairs Council of Community College of Jafar Al-Shayeb is a writer company Delta Oil from 1990 to 1998. In 1999, (MPAC). For the past 30 Qatar and the Chairman of and human rights activist, he moved to Istanbul, Turkey, where he founded years, he has spoken to congregations at com- Doha International Center for Interfaith Dialogue. and a member of the Qa- and managed MedyaNet, an Internet commu- munity-sponsored events, temples, synagogues, Al-Naimi started his academic career in 1983 as a tif Municipal Council. Al- nications company. Al-Khowaiter has a lifelong churches, high schools, and college campuses. He lecturer in the Department of Chemistry at Qatar Shayeb is engaged with multiple civil society and interest in the role of technology and climate in has written extensively on Islam, human rights, de- University. Previously, he was Vice Dean of the charity organizations in the region. He is a found- the evolution of human societies, and has written mocracy, Middle East politics, the Balkan Crisis, Faculty of Science, and President of the University ing member of the Network of Democrats in the extensively on the subject. Al-Khowaiter holds a and the Transcaucus conflict. His articles and in- of Qatar. Al-Naimi is committed to promoting sci- Arab World and the Arab Network for Tolerance, B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Texas terviews have appeared in prominent publications ence and technology in Islamic countries, and he and a member of the National Society for Human A&M University. including The Wall Street Journal, the Los Angeles is involved in initiatives to develop cooperation Rights. Al-Shayeb conducts capacity-building and Times, The Christian Science Monitor, Chicago Tri- between Muslim scientists. Al-Naimi is a member human rights trainings for civil society actors. He bune, San Francisco Chronicle, and USA Today, and of the Qatari Supreme Council of Education, and has published papers on topics related to Saudi civil John Allen he has been featured on numerous radio and televi- serves on the board of the Centre for Research on society, national dialogue, integration, religious di- UNITED STATES sion outlets, including NPR, CNN, C-SPAN, and Muslim Contributions to Civilization. He was the versity, and municipal elections. Al-Shayeb holds a NBC. Al-Marayati previously served as co-chair of recipient of the Palm Academy Award from the B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Colorado State General John R. Allen, U.S. the Interfaith Coalition to Heal Los Angeles after French Prime Minister in 1997, and was awarded University-Pueblo, and an M.S. in Economics from Marine Corps (Ret.) was the 1992 civil uprising. He spoke recently at the the Volunteer of the Year in scientific excellence Middle Tennessee State University. named the Special Presiden- White House Summit on Countering Violent Ex- from the Youth Supreme Council, Qatar in 2000. tial Envoy for the Global tremism, where he provided a model for partner- Al-Naimi earned a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the Coalition to Counter ISIL by President Obama on ship between law enforcement and communities. University of Southern California. Iqbal Noor Ali September 12, 2014. He is a Distinguished Fellow UNITED STATES in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings, working within the Center on 21st Century Security and Tareq Al Naimat Nawaf Al-Qudaimi Iqbal Noor Ali is a Senior Intelligence. From July 2011 to February 2013, JORDAN SAUDI ARABIA Advisor at the Aga Khan General Allen commanded the NATO Interna- Development Network tional Security Assistance Force and United States Tareq Al Naimat is a Jor- Nawaf Al-Qudaimi is a Sau- (AKDN), a group of pri- Forces in Afghanistan. Prior to assuming command danian journalist and re- di researcher specializing in vate, international, non-denominational develop- of the NATO and U.S. forces in Afghanistan, Al- searcher specializing in Is- Islamist movements and po- ment organizations working to improve the welfare

20 21 and prospects of people in the developing world. of altmuslim.com, an online magazine with 2.5 mil- organizations. His most recent publications include dedicated to developing multimedia content to coun- Ali facilitates strategic international partnerships lion annual readers, and zabiha.com, an online Ha- a Brookings study entitled Collusion to Collision: ter violent extremism narratives by developing a new for the AKDN and represents the network’s inter- lal restaurant guide which enjoys an audience of 10 Islamist-Military Relations and two United Nations generation of heroes for Middle Eastern youth. From ests in various international settings. Previously, he million annual users. Amanullah is also a Principal studies on security sector reform and radicalization in 2009-2011, Bakhit published and sold more than 1.2 served as Chief Executive Officer of Agha Khan at Affinis Global, which organizes hackathons to the aftermath of the Arab uprisings. Ashour specializ- million comics reaching more than 3 million youth in Foundation USA for 25 years; prior to that, he solve global challenges, and is co-founder of Affinis es in asymmetric armed conflict, Islamist movements, Jordan. Bakhit has spoken at TED, the Oslo Freedom worked with AKDN’s Industrial Promotion Ser- Labs, an incubator for startups with positive social security and terrorism studies, and civil-military rela- Forum, and the White House CVE summit. vices in Canada. Ali has worked closely with the impact in Muslim communities. tions. He previously served as a consultant for the development community in the United States, hav- United Nations on security sector reform, countering served on the boards and committees of various terrorism, and de-radicalization issues. He is a regular Sultan Barakat organizations including InterAction, the Council Deborah Amos contributor to media outlets including the BBC, Al QATAR on Foundations, the Independent Sector, and the UNITED STATES Jazeera, Sky News, CNN, The Washington Post, Foreign Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Assis- Policy, The Independent, and The Guardian. He earned Sultan Barakat is the Di- tance. He received a bachelor’s degree in commerce Deborah Amos covers the his Ph.D. from McGill University, and his B.S. and rector of Research at the from Karachi University. Middle East for NPR News. M.A. from American University in Cairo. Brookings Doha Center. In Her reports can be heard addition, he is the Founding on NPR’s award-winning Director of the Post-war Reconstruction and De- Mohamed Amakraz Morning Edition, All Things Considered, and Week- Abdullah Baabood velopment Unit (PRDU) at the University of York MOROCCO end Edition. Amos travels extensively across the QATAR and a consultant for the United Nations, World Middle East covering a range of stories including Bank, European Union, the Dutch and Norwegian Mohamed Amakraz is a the Syrian uprising, the rise of a market-driven Abdullah Baabood is the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, United States Insti- member of the Moroccan economy in the Middle East, and the plight of the Director of the Gulf Studies tute for Peace, Higher Education Funding Council parliament, representing the Arab world’s youth bulge, a series focusing on the Program at Qatar University. for England, among many other organizations. Pre- Justice and Development emerging power of Turkey, and the crisis of Iraqi His research focuses on the viously, he was the Director of PRDU-Foreign and (PJD) party. He is also a member of PJD’s Nation- refugees. In 2013, Amos won the Alfred I. duPont- Gulf States’ economic, political, security, and social Commonwealth Office Senior Chevening Fellows al Council, and the President of its Central Youth Columbia Award, the George Foster Peabody development and their external relations. He has Program on Conflict Resolution. Barakat received Committee. A lawyer by profession, he also serves Award, and was honored by the Alliance for Wom- participated in numerous international conferences, his B.Sc. from the University of Jordan, Amman, in the Agadir Authority. He earned a degree in Pri- en in Media Foundation for her coverage of the workshops, and seminars and has several publications and his M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of vate Law, and a master’s degree in Business Law, both Syrian uprising. In 2010, Amos was awarded the to his credit. He is a member of a number of academic York, United Kingdom. from Cadi Ayyad University in Marrakesh. Edward R. Murrow Lifetime Achievement Award and research institutions, business organizations, and by Washington State University. In 2009, Amos professional bodies and committees. Baabood has won the Edward Weintal Prize for Diplomatic Re- held several positions in business and academia, and Samir Barhoum Shahed Amanullah porting from Georgetown University. Amos was his last post was as the Director of the Gulf Research JORDAN UNITED STATES part of a team of reporters who won a 2004 Alfred Centre-Cambridge at the University of Cambridge. I. duPont-Columbia Award for coverage of Iraq. Baabood holds an M.B.A., an M.A. in International Samir Barhoum has been Shahed Amanullah is the Relations, and a Ph.D. in International Political Chief Editor of The Jordan CEO of LaunchPosse, an Economy from the University of Cambridge. Times since 2007. He previ- entrepreneurship platform Omar Ashour ously worked as editor and that helps people shape and UNITED KINGDOM reporter at The Jordan Times and other publications. launch business ideas. Prior to starting LaunchPos- Suleiman Bakhit He serves on the board of directors of Jordan Radio se, Shahed served as a Senior Advisor to Secretary Omar Ashour is a Senior JORDAN and Television Corporation, which broadcasts two John Kerry and Secretary Hillary Clinton at the Lecturer in Security Studies television channels and several radio stations. Be- U.S. Department of State. He has worked closely at the University of Exeter, Suleiman Bakhit is a Jor- tween 1999 and 2002, Barhoum served as Director with the White House and other agencies on entre- and an Associate Fellow at danian social entrepreneur, of the Arab Media Institute, which provides training preneurship, social media policy, combating online the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Cha- countering violent extrem- programs and workshops for local and Arab journal- extremism, and fostering innovation. Amanullah is tham House) in London. He is the author of The ism (CVE) expert, best- ists. During this time he also served as Chief Editor also CEO of Halalfire, a producer of online content De-Radicalization of Jihadists, about the transitions selling comic book creator, and TED Global Fellow. of the Institute’s monthly newspaper, al-Mashraq al- for global Muslim communities. He is the creator from armed to unarmed activism by several Islamist He is the Founder of Hero-Factor, a social enterprise `Ilami, which focused on issues relevant to the media.

22 23 Benjamin Barthe in major media outlets, academic journals, and on- and ISIS: The State of Terror (Ecco, 2015). An ana- the United States. She has been working as a foreign LEBANON line blogs, including the BBC, CNN, The Washing- lyst and consultant studying extremism, he is also correspondent for over 20 years. She was the first Arab ton Post, Foreign Policy, PBS NewsHour, Al Jazeera, involved with developing analytical techniques to female journalist to be based in Nairobi, Kenya, for a Benjamin Barthe is Middle Al-Monitor, the Yale Journal of International Affairs, study political and extremist uses of social media. major Arabic television station (1996-2003). Her re- East Correspondent for Le and The Cairo Review of Global Affairs, among He is a regular contributor to Foreign Policy and the porting from conflict zones in southern Sudan, Rwan- Monde newspaper, current- others. Bashir has lectured globally on an array of founder of Intelwire, a website publishing investiga- da, Somalia, Congo, and Eritrea has distinguished ly based in Beirut. He is an foreign policy issues and has lived and traveled in tive journalism, analysis, and primary source docu- her work as original, fair, and informative. She was award-winning reporter with more than 15 years of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Before join- ments on terrorism and international security. embedded with the 3rd Assault Amphibian Battal- experience in the Middle East. He was previously ing USCIRF, Bashir worked as a consultant with ion and the 1st Marine Division during the war in based in Ramallah and Cairo. In 2008, he received the United Nations and various NGOs focusing on Iraq. Since 2003, she has been based in Washington, the prestigious Prix Albert-Londres in recognition human rights and conflict prevention. Alejandro J. Beutel D.C., for both Al Arabiya and MBC TV, where she for his work on the Gaza Strip. UNITED STATES reports on U.S. foreign policy toward the Arab world. She covered three presidential elections, and reported Daniel Benjamin Alejandro J. Beutel is an in- from Guantanamo Bay on the 9/11 suspects. She has Kenan Basha UNITED STATES dependent consultant and interviewed numerous presidents and prime minis- UNITED STATES a researcher for Countering ters including President George Bush, Prime Minister Daniel Benjamin is the Violent Extremism at the Tony Blair, President Mahmoud Abbas, President Yas- Kenan Basha is a Principal Norman E. McCulloch Jr. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism ser Arafat, and many others. Bilbassy-Charters started at Rockbridge Growth Eq- Director of the John Sloan and Responses to Terrorism (START) center at the her career in Gaza during the first Intifada in 1987, as uity, LLC. Basha has board Dickey Center for Interna- University of Maryland. He is the author of Safe reporter for Agence France-Press. She holds a master’s roles with several portfolio tional Understanding at Dartmouth College, and Spaces Initiative: Tools for Developing Healthy Com- degree in Journalism from City University London. companies including Triad Retail Media, Gas Sta- a Nonresident Senior Fellow in the Center for 21st munities, a toolkit for communities to respond to tion TV, and Robb Report. He was formerly a prin- Century Security and Intelligence in the Foreign the challenge of violent extremism published by cipal at K.K.R. & Co, where he evaluated buyouts Policy program at Brookings. From 2009-2012, the Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC). In Ian Black across the technology and healthcare sectors. He he served as Ambassador-at-Large and Coordina- 2014 he was a Policy and Research Engagement UNITED KINGDOM has worked closely with multiple portfolio compa- tor for Counterterrorism at the U.S. State Depart- Fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Un- nies, including SunGard Data Systems and TASC, ment. Prior to joining the Obama Administration, derstanding (ISPU), a Dearborn- and D.C.-based Ian Black has been the a provider of systems engineering to the U.S. gov- Benjamin was Director of the Center on the United think tank specializing in research and recom- Middle East Editor of ernment. Prior to K.K.R., Basha worked at J.W. States and Europe at Brookings. During more than mendations for American Muslim communities. The Guardian since 2007. Childs Associates. Basha started his career in Mor- five years on the National Security Council staff in He also served as co-author and Project Manager He previously served as gan Stanley’s Industrials Investment Banking group the 1990s, Benjamin served as a speechwriter and of ISPU’s Islamophobia: A Threat to All study, a the newspaper’s diplomatic editor and Euro- working on mergers and acquisitions and financing special assistant to President Bill Clinton and as research initiative that empirically analyzed anti- pean editor. He writes the blog On the Middle transactions. Basha earned a bachelor’s degree from Director for Transnational Threats. He is the co- Muslim bigotry in America and provided solu- East with Ian Black on The Guardian’s website, the University of Michigan Business School. author of The Age of Sacred Terror (Random House, tions to effectively combat it. From 2009 to 2012, where he writes on Middle East politics, lit- 2002), which was awarded the Arthur Ross Book he was the Government and Policy Analyst at the erature, arts, and culture. Black was educated Award from the Council on Foreign Relations, and Washington, D.C. office of MPAC where he built at Cambridge University, and the London School Dwight Bashir was also a New York Times Notable Book. strategic relationships with government agencies of Economics. UNITED STATES and authored several policy and issue publications in areas such as national security, immigration re- Dwight Bashir is Deputy J.M. Berger form, and religious liberty. Nicholas Blanford Director for Policy and Re- UNITED STATES LEBANON search at the United States Commission on Interna- J.M. Berger is a Nonresi- Nadia Bilbassy-Charters Nicholas Blanford is the tional Religious Freedom (USCIRF). He special- dent Fellow with the Project UNITED STATES Beirut Correspondent for izes in human rights and religious freedom in the on U.S. Relations with the The Christian Science Moni- Middle East and North Africa region, ethnic and Islamic World at Brookings. Nadia Bilbassy-Charters is tor, and a Defense and Se- sectarian conflict, religion and democracy, and pre- He is the author of Jihad Joe: Americans Who Go to a Senior Correspondent for curity Analyst for IHS Jane’s Information Group, ventive diplomacy. Bashir’s work has been featured War in the Name of Islam (Potomac Books, 2011) Al Arabiya News Channel in a British company specializing in military and

24 25 open-source intelligence. He is also a Nonresi- a delegation of students from El Manar University Ahmet Büyükgümüş Defense, the U.S. Air Force, Ernst and Young, dent Senior Fellow at the Middle East Peace and in the Qatar Debate in 2013. Boumakhla earned TURKEY Aetna Innovation Health, Kaiser Permanente, Ox- Security Initiative of the Brent Scowcroft Center his bachelor’s and master’s degree in Biotechnology fam America, and the U.S. Peace Corps. In 2011, on International Security at The Atlantic Council. from the University of Tunis El Manar. Ahmet Büyükgümüş is a Chowdhury participated in the International Visi- Blanford is the author of Warriors of God: Inside member of the European tor Leadership Program sponsored by the U.S. De- Hezbollah’s Thirty-Year Struggle Against Israel (Ran- Union Policies Institute partment of State, during which he traveled across dom House, 2011) and Killing Mr. Lebanon: The Steven Brooke and the Halil Inalcik Otto- the United Kingdom and led a number of forums Assassination of Rafik Hariri and its Impact on the UNITED STATES man Research Institute. He has served on the Youth on entrepreneurship. Chowdhury has also consult- Middle East (IB Tauris, 2006). Branch Executive Body of Turkey’s Justice and De- ed with the White House on public-private part- Steven Brooke is a Ph.D. velopment Party (AKP) since 2011. He graduated nerships and the use of online technologies to pro- Candidate in the Depart- from the Department of Political Science at Gala- mote positive narratives for disenfranchised youth. Kamran Bokhari ment of Government at the tasaray University in 2014, and is currently earning CANADA University of Texas at Aus- an M.A. in Sociology from Istanbul University. tin. Starting in Fall 2015, he will serve as a Research Maura Conway Kamran Bokhari is an Ad- Fellow at the Middle East Initiative at the Kennedy IRELAND visor in Middle Eastern School of Government at Harvard University, and Gail Chalef and South Asian Affairs in 2016, he will join the University of Louisville’s UNITED STATES Maura Conway is Asso- with the geopolitical intel- Department of Political Science. Brooke’s disserta- ciate Professor of Inter- ligence firm Stratfor. He is concurrently a Ph.D. tion uses spatial, qualitative, and experimental data Gail Chalef is the Director national Security in the candidate at the University of Westminster in to examine Egyptian non-state groups’ distribution of Communications for For- School of Law and Gov- London, where he is working on his thesis titled of social services. His dissertation research has been eign Policy at the Brookings ernment at Dublin City University in Ireland, Moderation Among Salafists and Jihadists. His areas supported by the United States Institute of Peace Institution. Chalef joined and Principal Investigator on VOX-Pol, a five- of expertise include the geopolitics of the Muslim (USIP), the Smith Richardson Foundation, the Brookings in 2007 after a 17-year career with CNN year project on violent online political extrem- world, jihadism, Islamism, democratization, coun- Project on Middle East Political Science, and the and CNN International. During her years at CNN, ism funded by the European Union. Conway’s terterrorism and de-radicalization, and countering College of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas Chalef was centrally involved in coverage of the ma- principal research interests lie in the functioning violent extremism. Together with Farid Senzai, at Austin. jor news events of the past two decades: the first Gulf and effectiveness of violent political extremist Bokhari is the co-author of Political Islam in the War, the Bosnian War, the election of Nelson Man- online content and violent online radicalization. Age of Democratization (2013). Bokhari has briefed dela, the first Russian presidential election, the 9/11 She is the author of over 40 publications on her the U.S., Canadian, and British governments, and Rex Brynen attacks, and the death of Pope John Paul, to name a area of specialty, and her research has appeared in is a senior consultant with the World Bank. CANADA few. Chalef received an Emmy Award for CNN’s 9/11 outlets including Current History, Media, War & coverage, a Peabody Award for CNN’s Hurricane Ka- Conflict, Parliamentary Affairs, and Social Science Rex Brynen is a Professor trina coverage, and an Emmy nomination for Chris- Computer Review. She has presented her findings Zied Boumakhla of Political Science at Mc- tiane Amanpour’s interview with Palestinian President at the United Nations in New York, the Com- TUNISIA Gill University, specializing Yasir Arafat. In 1987 and 1993 respectively, Chalef re- mission of the European Union in Brussels, and in domestic politics and received fellowships from the National Endowment for elsewhere. Conway earned her B.A. in Legal Sci- Zied Boumakhla is a Mem- gional security in the Middle East, conflict resolu- the Arts and the RIAS Berlin Commission. ence, Sociology, and Politics from the National ber of the Ennahda Move- tion, and political-military wargaming. He is the au- University of Ireland Galway, her M.A. in Inter- ment’s Executive Office, thor, coauthor, or editor of 11 books on the Middle national Relations from the University of Lim- where he focuses on educa- East, including The Palestinian Refugee Problem: The Farhad Chowdhury erick, and her Ph.D. in Political Science from tion and youth. He is also a member of Ennahda’s Search for Resolution, co-edited with Roula el-Rifai UNITED STATES Trinity College in Dublin. High Authority for Elections, where he provides (2013), and Beyond the Arab Spring: Authoritarian- political and media guidance. A human rights ac- ism and Democratization in the Arab World, co-au- Farhad Chowdhury is the tivist, Boumakhla is a founding member of the thored with Pete Moore, Bassel Salloukh, and Ma- Founder and Chief Execu- Vian Dakhil World Organization of Students Without Borders, rie-Joelle Zahar (2012). In addition to his academic tive Officer of Fifth Tribe, a IRAQ and a member of the Executive Office of the Inter- work, Brynen has served as an intelligence analyst marketing technology firm national Islamic Federation of Student Organiza- and policy advisor to the government of Canada, based in Washington, D.C. Fifth Tribe provides Vian Dakhil is a member tions. In 2011, he represented Tunisia at the an- and as a consultant to the World Bank, United Na- products and services for both public and private of the Iraqi parliament. nual Al Jazeera Forum, and served as president of tions agencies, and others. sector clients, including the U.S. Department of Dakhil, a member of the

26 27 Democratic Party of Kurdistan, is Iraq’s only Kurd- to the Embassy of Italy in Bern, Switzerland, from Wall Street Journal, and The Financial Times, among Khadra A. Dualeh ish Yazidi MP. From 2010-2014, she was a mem- 1996-2000. In 2001, he was appointed Counsellor others. She is the author of the forthcoming Kindle SOMALIA ber of the Iraqi Council of Representatives, where in the Directorate General for European Countries Single Godfathers and Thieves, documenting Syrian she represented the Kurdistan Alliance. In August of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and sub- diaspora support to the Syrian uprising, and Who Khadra A. Dualeh is the 2014, Dakhil gained international recognition af- sequently served as Counsellor to the Embassy of Shot Ahmed, a true life murder mystery about a Director-General in the Di- ter delivering a speech in the Iraqi parliament call- Italy in Tripoli, Libya, from 2002-2006. He also 22-year-old shot during Bahrain’s Arab Spring. Pre- rectorate of International ing for assistance to Yazidi populations besieged served as Consul General in Benghazi, Libya, after viously, she was a Gulf correspondent for The Na- Cooperation at the Minis- by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in the a time as the Head of the Visa Center of the Ital- tional newspaper, an assistant managing editor at try of Planning and International Cooperation in Sinjar region of Iraq. She has continued to speak ian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. De Sanctis gradu- Foreign Policy magazine, and Nigeria correspondent the Federal Government of Somalia. She previously out for the rights and welfare of Yazidi women who ated with a degree in Political Science from Libera for The Economist. served as Chief of Staff at the Ministry of Foreign have been victimized by ISIS. Dakhil holds bach- Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Affairs and the Ministry of the Interior. Before join- elor’s and master’s degrees in Microbiology from Carli in Rome. ing the Somali government, Dualeh was Director Salahuddin University. Michael Doran of Professional Development at Carnegie Mellon UNITED STATES University in Qatar. She previously worked at a se- Aimen Dean nior level at the Archbishop Desmond Tutu Schol- Amr Darrag UNITED ARAB Michael Doran is a Senior arship Fund, and with Peggy Dulany at the Syn- EGYPT EMIRATES Fellow at the Hudson Insti- ergos Institute in New York, where she honed her tute in Washington, D.C., interest in international development and program Amr Darrag is the Head of Aimen Dean is the Founder where he specializes in management. Her international experience includes the Political Bureau of the and Managing Director of Middle East security issues. Previously, he was a Se- freelance consulting at the African Union, and lit- Egyptian Revolutionary Five Dimensions Consul- nior Fellow at the Center for Middle East Policy at eracy programs aiming to empower women in Saudi Council, and Head of the tants, a security risk, due diligence, and business the Brookings Institution. He served as Deputy As- Arabia. Dualeh has also worked with the Fund for Political Bureau for the Muslim Brotherhood. He intelligence firm that harnesses expertise in lan- sistant Secretary of Defense from 2007-2008 and Peace in Washington, D.C., where she developed is concurrently a member of the Higher Commis- guage, history, religion, economics, and politics to Senior Director at the National Security Council programs for immigrant and refugee communities sion and Executive Board of the Freedom and Jus- understand the complexities of the Middle East. from 2005-2007. He has taught at New York Uni- to resettle and forge strong community ties in the tice Party (FJP). He previously served as Minister An expert on jihadist movements and radical Islam, versity, Princeton University, and the University of United States. She also served in the Education Di- of Planning and International Cooperation, and Dean gained a unique perspective on the rise of the Central Florida. Doran holds a B.A. from Stanford vision of UNICEF in New York City as part of her as Chairman of the FJP Foreign Relations Com- jihadist movements having witnessed conflicts in University and earned his Ph.D. and M.A. from graduate coursework at New York University. mittee. Darrag has also held positions in academia: Bosnia, Afghanistan, the Caucasus, and the south- Princeton University. he was a professor of Civil Engineering at Cairo ern Philippines. Dean has also studied the rise of al- University from 1988-2014 and served as Chair- Qaeda after its return from Sudan to Afghanistan, Khaled Elgindy man of the Cairo University Professor’s Association and the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan and Paki- Abdirashid Duale UNITED STATES from 1999-2008. He holds a B.S. and M.S. in Civil stan. Dean has advised governments on counter- SOMALIA Engineering from Cairo University, and a Ph.D. in terrorism and counter-radicalization, particularly Khaled Elgindy is a Fel- Geotechnical Engineering from Purdue University. regarding al-Qaeda and the impact the network has Abdirashid Duale is Chief low with the Center for on global security. He is the author of Holy Money, Executive Officer of Da- Middle East Policy at the a study of the global terrorist financing system. habshiil Group, an Africa- Brookings Institution. Guido De Sanctis based international funds He is a founding board member of the Egyptian ITALY transfer company that has been featured in local American Rule of Law Association. He previously Elizabeth Dickinson and international media, including The Finan- served as an advisor to the Palestinian leader- Guido De Sanctis is the UNITED STATES cial Times, BBC, Al Jazeera, The New York Times, ship in Ramallah on permanent status negotia- Head of Mission at the Ital- The Economist, and The Guardian. Duale serves tions with Israel from 2004-2009, and was a key ian Embassy in Doha. He Elizabeth Dickinson is a on various advisory boards including at the participant in the Annapolis negotiations held joined the Italian Ministry journalist with the online Humanitarian Innovation Project (HIP), a re- throughout 2008. Prior to that, Elgindy spent of Foreign Affairs in 1991, and initially served in news website Deca, cur- search project based at the Refugee Studies nine years in various political and policy-related the Ministry’s Communication Center. He served rently based in the Arabian Centre at the University of Oxford, and the In- positions in Washington, D.C., both inside and as Second Secretary to the Embassy of Italy in Kiev, Peninsula. Her writing has appeared in The New ternational Association of Money Transfer Net- outside the federal government, including as a Ukraine, from 1992-1996, and as First Secretary Yorker, Foreign Policy, The Economist, Politico, The works (IAMTN). professional staff member on the House Inter-

28 29 national Relations Committee in 2002 and as a She is a member of the Somali National Parlia- religious and Government Relations for the Islamic Ministry for Foreign Affairs, he served as Head of policy analyst for the U.S. Commission on In- ment, and Founder and Chairwoman of Save So- Society of North America (ISNA) for 12 years. In that Political Affairs in the Office of the Undersecretary ternational Religious Freedom from 2000-2002. mali Women and Children, a non-governmental role, he was responsible for ISNA’s long-term strategic and Head of the International Trade and Finan- He served as the Political Action Coordinator for humanitarian organization. Elmi has champi- planning related to interfaith and U.S. federal govern- cial Organizations at the General Directorate for the Arab American Institute from 1998-2000 and oned for the advancement of Somali women’s ment relations. Elsanousi is the Vice President of the International Economic Relations. In addition to as Middle East Program Officer for the National rights and inclusion in a traditionally patriarchal Interfaith Broadcasting Commission, Founding Co- this, he has served as Director of the Unit for Mul- Democratic Institute for International Affairs society. She has advocated for the inclusion of chair of Shoulder to Shoulder, and serves on the board tilateral Fisheries Organizations at the Ministry of from 1995-1997. Elgindy holds an M.A. in Arab women in the Somali peace process, which has of directors and advisors for a number of other inter- Agriculture and Fisheries. Previous to his appoint- Studies from Georgetown University and a B.A. traditionally been the realm of male clan elders. faith organizations, including the Religion Commu- ment as Ambassador of Spain to Qatar, he served in Political Science from Indiana University. At a reconciliation conference in 2000, she cre- nicators Council, the National Religious Campaign as Director General for Fisheries and Aquaculture. ated the “Sixth Clan,” or the “women’s clan,” Against Torture, and the Parliament of World Reli- He graduated from Law School at the Universidad an innovative initiative to bring women’s voices gions Taskforce. He served on the Taskforce on Reli- Autónoma de Madrid in 1987, and holds a mas- and influence into the Somali political sphere. gion and Foreign Policy Working Group under Sec- ter’s in Financial Markets from the Universidad San Ilwad Elman Elmi’s activism has been internationally recog- retary Clinton and Secretary Kerry. Elsanousi holds Pablo CEU of Madrid. SOMALIA nized, and she has received numerous awards a bachelor’s degree in Sharia and Law from the In- for her efforts, including the Right Livelihood ternational Islamic University in Islamabad, a master’s Ilwad Elman is the Director Award and the Clinton Global Citizen Award. in Law from Indiana University, a graduate diploma Anwar Eshki of Programs and Develop- Elmi holds a master’s degree from the U.S. Inter- in Philanthropic Studies from the Indiana University SAUDI ARABIA ment at Elman Peace and national University. Center on Philanthropy, and a Ph.D. in Law and So- Human Rights Centre in Somalia. She has exten- ciety from the Indiana University School of Law. Anwar Eshki is the Found- sive experience in human rights advocacy, gender er and Chairman of the justice, peace and security, and countering violent Mustafa Elnemr Middle East Institute for extremism in the Horn of Africa. Elman leads vari- EGYPT Salah Eddin Elzein Strategic and Legal Studies ous coordination groups in Somalia, and serves as Mohamed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He is also a Research Fel- chair of multiple working groups and organiza- Mustafa Elnemr is a re- SUDAN low at International Research Center, and a mem- tions, including the Gender-Based Violence Case search assistant at the ber of the Academy of Political Sciences in New Management and the Child Protection working Egyptian Institute for Po- Salah Eddin Elzein Mo- York, the Arab Authors Union in Cairo, and the groups in Mogadishu, as well as the Street Children litical and Strategic Studies, hamed is the Director of Al General Assembly of the International Islamic Re- Task Force and Practitioners’ Network for Civilian where he has worked since 2008. A political activ- Jazeera Center for Studies, a lief Organization. Eshki has presented lectures on Casualty Recording. Elman additionally serves as ist, Elnemr is a member of the Youth Committee think tank belonging to the Al Jazeera Media Net- sectarianism in the Middle East and abroad, and the Special Rapporteur for the Civil Society Hu- of the Freedom and Justice Party. He previously work which focuses on the geopolitics of the Middle has published over 30 books on topics including man Rights Universal Periodic Review Group. She led a working group dedicated to promoting civil East and its surrounding regions. His research inter- the strategic dimensions of globalization, Iran, and is a Mandela Washington Fellow, a flagship pro- engagement of students. Alnemr graduated with a ests lie in citizenship and citizen rights and participa- sharia. He holds a bachelor’s degree in Law from gram of President Barack Obama for Young African degree in Dentistry in 2013. tion, particularly of disadvantaged sectors of society. the University of Alexandria, a master’s degree in Leaders. Elman also serves as the appointed Ambas- He holds a Ph.D. from the University of the Wit- Military Sciences from the College of the Chief of sador to Somalia for Youth to End Sexual Violence, watersrand (WITS) in Johannesburg, South Africa, Staff in Riyadh, and a Ph.D. from Golden Gate a youth-led organization dedicated to ending the Mohamed Elsanousi where he taught and worked as a researcher. University in California. use of sexual violence in conflict. In January 2015, UNITED STATES Elman was invited to brief the United Nations Se- curity Council on the protection of civilians. Mohamed Elsanousi is the Ignacio Escobar Manal Fakhoury Director of the Network for SPAIN UNITED STATES Religious and Traditional Asha Elmi Peacemakers, a global net- Ignacio Escobar is the Am- Manal Fakhoury is President SOMALIA work initiated by the United Nations Mediation Sup- bassador of Spain to Qatar. and Chief Executive Officer port Unit, the UN Alliance of Civilizations, the Orga- He joined the Spanish Dip- of Fakhoury Leadership In- Asha Elmi is a Somali nization of Islamic Cooperation, Religions for Peace, lomatic Service in 1992 as a ternational. With over 30 politician and activist for and Finn Church Aid. Most recently, Elsanousi served career diplomat and has served in Kuwait, Panama, years of non-profit and leadership experience, she peace and women’s rights. as the Director of Community Outreach and Inter- Morocco, The Hague, and Finland. At the Spanish serves on many community and national boards.

30 31 She formerly served as Chairwoman of the Ocala/ Alberto M. Fernandez work, a global network of former extremists and previously served as Minister of Planning and Inter- Marion County Chamber of Commerce. Her cur- UNITED STATES survivors of violent extremism at the Institute for national Cooperation and Minister of Interior and rent civic engagement includes positions with nu- Strategic Dialogue (ISD). Frenett has interviewed Federal Affairs. Prior to joining the Somali govern- merous organizations including the YMCA Execu- Alberto M. Fernandez re- hundreds of current and former members of ex- ment, Godah Barre worked for 30 years in develop- tive Board, Toastmasters, Rotary, Islamic Network tired from 35 years of U.S. tremist groups, and his research has taken him ment in Africa, Europe, and North America. Dur- Group (ING), and the Arab American Community government service in May from maximum security prisons in Ireland to He- ing this time, he consulted on rural, economic, and Center (AACC). In addition, Fakhoury is a consul- 2015 as a career mem- zbollah-controlled southern Beirut. He is a regu- agricultural development projects for various UN tant pharmacist, inspirational speaker, coach, trainer, ber of the Senior Foreign Service with the rank lar media commentator on issues of extremism, and government agencies. He earned a B.S. in Ag- and mentor. Fakhoury earned a Doctor of Pharmacy of Minister-Counselor. He previously served as and serves as a board member of the Terrorism ricultural Science from Somali National University, degree from the University of Southern California, Chief of Mission at U.S. Embassies in Khartoum, and Political Violence Association and the Los an M.S. in Agribusiness Economics from Southern and an M.B.A. from Webster University. Sudan, and Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, and was Angeles Gang Conference. Prior to joining ISD, Illinois University, and a graduate diploma from the Coordinator at the Center for Strategic Counter- Frenett was a Consultant in Deloitte’s Technol- Institute of International Development and Co-op- Terrorism Communications (CSCC) from 2012 ogy Integration practice, where his work focused eration at the University of Ottawa. Riadh Fakhoury to 2015. He served in senior public diplomacy po- primarily on sanctions compliance investigations UNITED STATES sitions in Afghanistan, Jordan, Syria, and Kuwait. into major financial institutions. He holds a mas- Fernandez is the recipient of the Edward R. Mur- ter’s degree in Terrorism Security and Society Ufuk Gokcen Riadh Fakhoury is the row Award for Excellence in Public Diplomacy, a from King’s College in London, and spent seven TURKEY Investment Manager of Presidential Meritorious Service Award, the Lin- years in the Irish Military. Vestech Partners LLC and guist of the Year Award, and the Superior Honor Ufuk Gokcen has been the founder of the Fakhoury Award for his work in Afghanistan. He is a gradu- Permanent Observer of the Medical and Chiropractic Center. He also serves ate of the University of Arizona and the Defense F. Gregory Gause, III Organization of Islamic as the President of the Islamic Center of North Language Institute. UNITED STATES Cooperation (OIC) to the Central Florida. Fakhoury pursued undergraduate United Nations since April 2010. He served as Po- studies in Biomedical Engineering and is a board F. Gregory Gause, III, is litical Adviser to the OIC Secretary General from certified Doctor of Chiropractic Orthopedics. Courtney Freer the John H. Lindsey ’44 2005 to 2010. Prior to that, he was based at the UNITED KINGDOM Chair, Professor of Interna- Turkish Embassies in Riyadh, Muscat, and Da- tional Affairs, and Head of mascus, and in the Middle East Department of the Ammar Fayed Courtney Freer is a doctoral the International Affairs Department at the Bush Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the OIC EGYPT candidate at the University School of Government and Public Service at Texas General Secretariat, Gokcen was involved in ini- of Oxford in the Depart- A&M University. He also serves as a Nonresident tiatives to promote engagement with international Ammar Fayed is an Egyp- ment of Politics. Her re- Senior Fellow at the Brookings Doha Center. partners in the fields of peace-building, socioeco- tian researcher focusing on search is focused on revising rentier state theory by Gause is the author of three books and numerous nomic development, human rights, good gover- religious society, Islamist examining the socio-political role played by Muslim articles on the politics of the Middle East, with a nance, and interfaith dialogue. Through his op-eds movements, and Middle Brotherhood affiliates in Kuwait, Qatar, and the particular focus on the Arabian Peninsula and the and engagement with the civil society, he aims at East affairs, particularly on the Arab Gulf. Previous- United Arab Emirates. Prior to starting her Ph.D., Persian Gulf. He previously served on the facul- contributing to efforts for promoting freedom of ly, he worked as a researcher with the organization Freer was a Research Assistant at the Brookings ties of the University of Vermont and Columbia religion, freedom of speech, tolerance, and respect, IkhwanWeb for Research and Media, and served in Doha Center. She holds an M.A. in Middle Eastern University, and was a Fellow for Arab and Islam- as well as the role of youth and women through the administration of Egyptian President Mohamed Studies from the George Washington University’s ic Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. supporting initiatives such as Network for Reli- Morsi. He contributed to the book The Salafi Phe- Elliott School of International Affairs and a B.A. in Gause holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from gious and Traditional Peacemakers and Reconcili- nomenon in the Arab World: Organizational Pluralism Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University. Harvard University. ation and Coexistence Support Initiative. and Policies (Al Jazeera Center for Studies). Fayed has also published a number of research papers, including U.S. Aid to Egypt from Camp David to the Janu- Ross Frenett Abdullahi Godah Barre H.P. Goldfield ary Revolution (2012) and The Problematic Relation- UNITED KINGDOM SOMALIA UNITED STATES ship between the Muslim Brotherhood and its Political Parties (2012). His latest book, The Role of the Saudi Ross Frenett is the Direc- Abdullahi Godah Barre is H.P. Goldfield is Vice Chair Religious Establishment in the Kingdom’s Political Sys- tor of the Against Violent a member of the Federal of the Albright Stonebridge tem, will be released later this year. Extremism (AVE) Net- Parliament of Somalia. He Group. Goldfield also serves

32 33 as Senior International Advisor to Hogan Lovells U.S. held roles in sales strategy and operations for southern grams throughout Uganda. He co-founded UMYDF Research Associate at Harvard University’s Kennedy LLP, a global law firm based in Washington, D.C., Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Prior to joining after experiencing a terrorist attack perpetrated by al- School of Government. Hellyer formerly served as and London. Goldfield previously served as Assistant Google, she consulted for Booz Allen Hamilton across Shabaab in July 2010. His work with youth in part a Senior Practice Consultant at the Gallup Organi- Secretary of Commerce for Trade Development and Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Green holds ex- focuses on understanding the causal factors and impact zation, where he focused on Muslim communities as Associate Counsel to President Reagan. He was also tensive experience leading and managing projects in of violent extremism in East Africa, in order to develop worldwide and the Arab region. He regularly writes appointed as a member of the Board of Directors of challenging environments. She has spent time in Iran, best practices for addressing extremism in the region. on Arab politics, Islamism, and Muslim communi- the Overseas Private Investment Cooperation (OPIC). Syria, and Nigeria, where she worked cross-function- He has also worked with youth in capacity building for ties in the West, and his work has appeared in The He is a member of the Board of Advisors of the Middle ally in sectors ranging from oil and gas to the Internet. skills and social development. Hadji earned his bach- Guardian, Foreign Policy, Mada Masr, and The New East Institute and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce She also led a multi-partner coalition to launch Against elor’s degree in Social Sciences from Makerere Uni- York Times. He served as Deputy Convener of the Foundation. Goldfield graduated from Georgetown Violent Extremism, the world’s first online network of versity, and holds an advanced certificate in Conflict U.K. Government’s Working Group on Tackling University Law Center and holds a master’s degree in former violent extremists and survivors of terrorism. Analysis from the United States Institute of Peace. Radicalization and Extremism in the aftermath of Urban Studies from Occidental College and a B.A. the London bombings in 2005, and at the U.K. For- cum laude in Asian Studies from Connecticut College. eign Office’s Economic and Social Research Coun- Nasser Hadian Shadi Hamid cil. Hellyer earned his Ph.D. from the University of IRAN UNITED STATES Warwick in Ethnic Relations and Political Philoso- Philip Gordon phy, his M.A. in International Political Economy, UNITED STATES Nasser Hadian is Profes- Shadi Hamid is a Fellow in and his B.A. in Law from the University of Sheffield. sor of Political Sciences at the Project on U.S. Rela- Philip Gordon is a Se- the University of Tehran, tions with the Islamic World nior Fellow at the Council where he previously served at the Brookings Institution’s Alexander Henley on Foreign Relations in as Director of Graduate Studies. Prior to this, he Center for Middle East Policy. An expert on Islamist UNITED KINGDOM Washington, D.C. From was Director of the Political Development Program movements, he served as Director of Research at the 2013-2015, he served as Special Assistant to the Pres- at the Center for Strategic Research and a Visiting Brookings Doha Center until January 2014. Prior to Alexander Henley is a Joint ident and White House Coordinator for the Middle Professor and Research Scholar at the Middle East joining Brookings, Hamid was Director of Research at Fellow at the Brookings East, North Africa, and the Gulf Region, where his Institute and the Middle East and Asian Languages the Project on Middle East Democracy and a Hewlett Doha Center and Qatar responsibilities included the Iran nuclear negotia- and Cultures Department at Columbia University. Fellow at Stanford University. Hamid is currently Vice University. His research fo- tions and U.S. relations with the Gulf States, among His research interests lie in Iranian contemporary Chair of the Project on Middle East Democracy and cuses on themes of religion, politics, and conflict in many other issues. From 2009-2013, he was Assis- politics, Iran’s nuclear program, and political Islam. a contributing writer to The Atlantic. He is the author Lebanon. He is currently working on a book proj- tant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian He recently authored several articles on the nuclear of Temptations of Power: Islamists and Illiberal Democ- ect entitled Religion and State in Lebanon: Religious Affairs. He has previously served as a Senior Fellow debate in Iran for The Political Quarterly, Contempo- racy in a New Middle East (Oxford University Press, Leadership, Sectarianism, and Civil War. Henley has at the Brookings Institution and the International In- rary Security Policy, and the Research Letter of Politi- 2014), which was named a Foreign Affairs Best Book taught at Harvard University, and holds postdoc- stitute for Strategic Studies. Gordon is the author of cal Science. Hadian holds a Ph.D. in Political Sci- for 2014. His articles have appeared in The New York toral research positions at Harvard and George- numerous books and articles on the Middle East and ence from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Times, Washington Post, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, town Universities. He holds degrees in Religion international security and writes regularly for major The New Republic, The National Interest and many and Middle Eastern studies from the University of newspapers and magazines. other publications. Hamid received his B.S. and M.A. Durham. Henley received his doctorate from the Ahmed Hadji from Georgetown University, and his Ph.D. in Politi- University of Manchester, completing a disserta- UGANDA cal Science from Oxford University. tion that explored the power structures of religious Yasmin Green leadership in modern Lebanon and compared the UNITED STATES Ahmed Hadji is the Co- roles of official religious leaders in contesting sec- founder of Uganda Muslim H.A. Hellyer tarian identity production. Yasmin Green is the Head Youth Development Forum UNITED KINGDOM of Strategy and Operations (UMYDF). Hadji, a youth for Google Ideas, where she and peace activist, is involved in numerous initiatives H.A. Hellyer is a Nonresi- Nicholas Hopton also oversees work on coun- to fight violent extremism and youth radicalization. dent Fellow at the Centre UNITED KINGDOM ter-radicalization and fragile states. She is a Senior His activism began during his undergraduate years for Middle East Policy at Advisor on Innovation to Oxford Analytica, and Co- at Makerere University, where he contributed to the Brookings. He is also an Nicholas Hopton is the Brit- chair of the European Commission’s Working Group establishment of Muslim student associations and de- Associate Fellow in International Security at the ish Ambassador to Qatar, a on Online Radicalization. At Google, she previously veloped extensive peace and leadership training pro- Royal United Services Institute in London, and a post he has held since July

34 35 2013. Hopton is a career diplomat who joined the Northwestern University, and an M.A. in Journal- organization that supports leadership develop- Calvert W. Jones Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1989. ism from the University of California, Berkeley. ment of the Muslim community through initiat- UNITED STATES Before his appointment in Doha, he served as Ambas- ing social discourse that is both appropriate to sador to Yemen. He has worked on national security a contemporary context and anchored in Islamic Calvert W. Jones is Assis- issues in the Cabinet Office and led the International Hussein Ibish paradigms. Issa often presents on various topics tant Professor at the City Organizations Department in the FCO. Hopton holds UNITED STATES related to leadership principles from an Islamic University of New York— European policy experience from postings in Paris and perspective, including creating a culture of ac- City College. Her research Rome as well as his time as Private Secretary to the Hussein Ibish is a Senior countability, the five dysfunctions of a team, and focuses on state-initiated social engineering and the Minister for Europe. He was educated at Cambridge Resident Scholar at the servant leadership. making of citizens, with a regional emphasis on the University and La Sapienza University in Rome. Arab Gulf States Institute in Arab world. She is currently completing a book on Washington in Washington, the origins and outcomes of pro-globalization so- D.C. He is a weekly columnist for The National and Lou Anne King Jensen cial engineering in the United Arab Emirates, titled Lise Morjé Howard Now Media, and a monthly contributing writer for the UNITED STATES Bedouins into Bourgeois: Remaking Citizens for a UNITED STATES International New York Times. Ibish is also a regular Global Market Era. Her work has also appeared in contributor to many other American and Middle Lou Anne King Jensen is Perspectives on Politics, International Studies Quar- Lise Morjé Howard is an As- Eastern publications, and has made numerous ra- the Founder and President terly, and International Security. Jones holds a bach- sociate Professor of Govern- dio and television appearances. Previously, he was a of the Chrest Foundation. elor’s degree from Columbia University, a master’s ment at Georgetown Uni- Washington, D.C. correspondent for the Lebanese The Foundation supports degree from the University of California at Berke- versity. She was the Found- newspaper The Daily Star. Ibish holds a Ph.D. in civil society organizations in Turkey that concen- ley, a master of philosophy from Cambridge Uni- ing Director of Georgetown’s Master of Arts Pro- Comparative Literature from the University of Mas- trate on increasing gender equality and fostering versity, and a doctorate from Yale University. gram in Conflict Resolution, and previously served sachusetts, Amherst. communication and dialogue through various ap- as a Jennings Randolph Senior Fellow at the U.S. proaches. She is a licensed master social worker rec- Institute of Peace, an Assistant Professor of Govern- ognized for independent non-clinical practice. Jen- Ossama Jureyda ment at Wesleyan University, and Acting Director of Omar Iharchane sen serves on the Board of Directors of the College UNITED STATES UN Affairs for the New York City Commission for MOROCCO First Foundation, and is a member of the Global the United Nations. She has held pre- and post-doc- Leadership Council at the Brookings Institution. Ossama Jureyda is a member toral fellowships at Stanford, Harvard, and the Uni- Omar Iharchane is Professor She also holds equity interests and board positions of the Islamic Society of New versity of Maryland. Her book, UN Peacekeeping in of Public Law and Political in several private companies. Jensen earned a B.A. Tampa, Florida (ISONET), Civil Wars (Cambridge University Press, 2008), won Science at Cadi Ayyad Uni- in English and an M.S. in Social Work, both from where he supports ISON- the Best Book Award from the Academic Council versity in Marrakesh, Mo- the University of Texas at Arlington. ET’s efforts to affirm and promote the positive role of on the United Nations System. Her current work rocco, and a member of the General Secretariat of American Muslims in American society. He is concur- focuses on U.S. foreign policy in ethnic conflict, the the political department of the Justice and Charity rently an orthodontist in private practice in the Tam- use of force in UN peacekeeping, and norms of civil Movement, an Islamic social movement in Morocco. Muna Jondy pa Bay area. Previously, Jureyda served as a full-time war termination. Howard received her A.B. in Soviet He is concurrently Director of the Moroccan Cen- UNITED STATES faculty member in the Department of Orthodontics Studies from Barnard College/Columbia University, ter for Research and Policy Analysis. Previously, he in the School of Dental Medicine at the University at and M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from the served as Youth General Secretary of the Justice and Muna Jondy is a Muslim Buffalo, State University of New York. University of California, Berkeley. Charity Movement. Since 2009, he has coordinated American attorney special- Morocco in a Year, a collaborative annual report on izing in immigration. She the state of Morocco. He earned his doctorate from serves as the Government David Kenner Ben Hubbard Université Hassan II Aïn Chock de Casablanca. Relations Chair for United for a Free Syria (UFS), UNITED STATES UNITED STATES a nonprofit organization that works to promote democracy in Syria, and as a cooperating attorney David Kenner is the Mid- Ben Hubbard is a Middle Ali Issa for the American Civil Liberties Union. She previ- dle East Editor for Foreign East correspondent for The UNITED STATES ously served as president of UFS. Jondy earned a Policy magazine. Based New York Times. Based in B.A. in History from the University of Michigan, in Beirut, Lebanon, he Beirut, he has written about Ali Issa is the President of a J.D. from the University of Manitoba, and an has reported widely around the Arab world on the Syrian civil war, the Islamic State, and Gulf Café a la Fikr, a social and LL.M. from the Michigan State University Col- issues including the Syrian conflict, the Iranian affairs. Hubbard earned a B.A. in History from educational non-profit lege of Law. nuclear deal, and the Islamic State. He was ed-

36 37 ucated at American University in Beirut and Daniel Kimmage bridge Group (ASG). Before joining ASG in January al Secretariat of the League of Arab States, including Georgetown University. UNITED STATES 2015, he was Senior Director for the Middle East and Deputy Permanent Observer to the United Nations, North Africa on the National Security Council staff Officer in Charge of Iraq-Kuwait dispute, Coordi- Daniel Kimmage is the at the White House, where he was one of the Presi- nator of Secretariat Reform, and Coordinator of the Amil Khan Deputy Coordinator of dent Obama’s top advisers on the region for nearly six Euro-Arab Dialogue and Afro-Arab Cooperation. UNITED KINGDOM the U.S. Department of years. Earlier in his career, he was a visiting fellow at Prior to his post in Damascus, Lamani was a Senior State’s Center for Strategic the Council on Foreign Relations, a U.S. diplomat fo- Visiting Fellow at the Centre for International Gov- Amil Khan is a Politi- Counterterrorism Communications (CSCC). cusing on Middle East issues in Jerusalem, at the U.S. ernance Innovation. Previously, he served as Ambas- cal Advisor specializing in Previously, Kimmage was a regional analyst at Mission to the United Nations, and at the U.S. State sador Special Representative of the Arab League in the Muslim world. He has Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and Senior Fel- Department in Washington, D.C. Before joining the Iraq, appointed by the Council of Arab Heads of worked with the British low at the Homeland Security Policy Institute. government, Kumar was an investment banker with States in March 2006, and also served as Ambas- government and organizations across the Muslim His published reports on extremist media strat- Morgan Stanley. He was educated at the Wharton sador of the Organization of the Islamic Conference world on promoting political development and egies include Iraqi Insurgent Media: The War of School of the University of Pennsylvania and the Lon- to the United Nations from 1998-2004. countering extremism. Previously, Khan was a cor- Images and Ideas (2007), The Al-Qaeda Media don School of Economics. respondent for Reuters and an investigative journal- Nexus (2008), and Al-Qaeda Central and the In- ist with the BBC. Khan has written extensively on ternet (2010). He received his B.A. at the State Bernardino León community engagement, extremism, and political University of New York at Binghamton, and his Mehrezia Labidi-Maïza SPAIN mobilization, and his work has appeared in out- M.A. from Cornell University. TUNISIA lets including The Guardian, Foreign Policy, and Bernardino León is the The National. Mehrezia Labidi-Maïza is a Special Representative of Katayoun Kishi member of the Tunisian par- the United Nations Secre- UNITED STATES liament with the Ennahda tary-General and Head of Humera Khan Party. Since 2006, she has the United Nations Support Mission in Libya. UNITED STATES Katayoun Kishi is a doc- also served as Co-president of Religions for Peace, the León joined the Spanish diplomatic service in toral candidate in the De- largest international coalition of representatives from 1989, and his career has mostly focused on the Humera Khan is the Execu- partment of Government the world’s largest religions, dedicated to promoting Arab world. Previously, he served as Personal tive Director of Muflehun, and Politics at the Univer- peace. Previously, Labidi-Maïza served as the Coor- Adviser to the EU Special Representative for the a think tank specializing in sity of Maryland, College Park. She is currently dinator for the Global Women of Faith Network, a Middle East Peace Process, the Special Represen- preventing radicalization working on her dissertation titled The Role of Im- woman’s mobilization program established in 1998 to tative of the European Union for the Southern and countering violent extremism. Khan designs porter Leverage in Food Security, which examines advance the role of religious women in international Mediterranean, and as the EU Special Represen- and implements CVE-specific and CVE-relevant the ability of states to use political tools to ensure development, peace-building, and post-conflict recon- tative for Libya. Prior to this, León held several programs for prevention, intervention, and in- food security through trade, particularly among struction. She is the author of the book Abraham, Wake positions with the Spanish government, including terdiction of violent extremism, with a focus on Middle Eastern states. She also works as Shibley Up. They are Going Crazy with Laurent Klein (2004). Secretary-General at the Spanish Prime Minister’s countering extremist ideology. She contributes in Telhami’s research assistant, researching public Labidi-Maïza graduated from the translation and in- Office, and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs at an advisory capacity to governments and law en- opinion in the United States and Arab countries. terpretation program at L’Ecole Normale Superieure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. forcement agencies in several countries. She is the Together with Telhami, she has co-authored Sousse, and earned a master’s degree in English Litera- He served as Sherpa for the G20 in 2009. León Chair of the Global Community Engagement and analyses of U.S. public opinion toward ISIS and ture and Drama. has also supported several mediation processes. Resilience Fund, and a member of the Atlantic the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in The Washington He has published extensively on the Arab world Council Middle East Strategy Taskforce. In 2012, Post blog The Monkey Cage, as well as Brookings’ and its relationship with the West, and has lec- she received the FBI Director’s Community Lead- Lawfare blog. Mokhtar Lamani tured on these issues in several universities. ership Award for her work. Khan holds four degrees MOROCCO from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology: an M.S. in Technology and Policy, an M.S. in Nuclear Prem Kumar Mokhtar Lamani was the Joseph Chinyong Liow Engineering, a B.S. in Art and Design, and a B.S. UNITED STATES Director of the United Na- SINGAPORE in Nuclear Engineering. She also earned an M.A. tions Special Representative in Islamic Studies from the School of Islamic and Prem Kumar is Vice Presi- in Damascus from 2012 to Joseph Chinyong Liow is Social Sciences, an affiliate seminary of the Wash- dent in the Middle East 2014. Lamani’s career in international diplomacy the inaugural holder of ington Theological Consortium. practice at Albright Stone- has included a number of positions with the Gener- the Lee Kuan Yew Chair in

38 39 Southeast Asia Studies and a Senior Fellow at the Shiraz Maher William McCants Ayman Mohyeldin Center for East Asia Policy Studies at the Brook- UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES UNITED STATES ings Institution. He is concurrently Professor of Comparative and International Politics and Dean Shiraz Maher is a Senior William McCants is a Fel- Ayman Mohyeldin is a at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Stud- Research Fellow at the In- low in the Center for Mid- Foreign Correspondent ies at Nanyang Technological University in Sin- ternational Centre for the dle East Policy and Director for NBC News and an an- gapore. Liow’s research interests lie in the fields Study of Radicalisation of the Project on U.S. Rela- chor for MSNBC. He is of Muslim politics and civil society in Southeast (ICSR) at King’s College London. He is also ad- tions with the Islamic World at Brookings. He is also also the host of the news program “Roadmap” Asia and the international politics of East Asia. He junct professor at Johns Hopkins University, and an adjunct faculty member at Johns Hopkins Uni- on MSNBC’s digital channel, Shift. He has is the author and editor of 11 books and mono- a contributing writer to the New Statesman. In versity and has held various government and think- previously worked with Al Jazeera and CNN. graphs on Islam and politics in Southeast Asia, 2010, Maher was a visiting lecturer at Washington tank positions related to Islam, the Middle East, and Ayman has won numerous international press and has published in numerous peer-reviewed College. Maher’s research interests include Salafi- terrorism. From 2009-2011, McCants served as a awards, including a Peabody Award. In 2011, academic journals. Liow’s work has addition- jihadism, Islamic political thought, and Islamist U.S. State Department senior adviser for counter- he was named by Time magazine as one ally appeared in policy journals such as Foreign militancy. His research currently focuses on the ing violent extremism. He is the author of Founding of the “100 Most Influential People in the Affairs, The National Interest, and NBR Analysis. conflict in Syria and Iraq. He has been profiled by Gods, Inventing Nations: Conquest and Culture Myths World.” Mohyeldin earned his B.A. in Interna- Liow holds a doctorate in International Relations The Wall Street Journal, and the BBC has described from Antiquity to Islam (Princeton University Press, tional Relations and an M.A. in International from the London School of Economics and him as “one of the world’s leading experts on radi- 2011) and the forthcoming book The ISIS Apoca- Politics from American University School of In- Political Science. calisation.” Maher has conducted fieldwork across lypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of ternational Service. the world, and has interviewed members of Jab- the Islamic State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). Mc- hat al-Nusra, Ahrar al-Sham, and the Free Syrian Cants has a Ph.D. from Princeton University and Charles Lister Army on the Syrian-Turkish border. He has also has lived in Israel, Egypt, and Lebanon. Marwan Muasher QATAR interviewed the Taliban in Pakistan’s tribal areas, JORDAN members of al-Qaeda in Saudi Arabia, and Egyp- Charles Lister is a Visiting tian revolutionaries in Tahrir Square. Robert McKenzie Marwan Muasher is Vice Fellow at the Brookings United States President for Studies at the Doha Center. His research Carnegie Endowment for focuses on terrorism, in- Peter Mandaville Robert McKenzie is an ex- International Peace, where surgency, and sub-state security threats across UNITED STATES pert on North Africa and he oversees research in Washington and Beirut on the Middle East, with a particular focus on the the Middle East, with 15 the Middle East. Muasher previously served as For- Levant. Recently, his work has been almost ex- Peter Mandaville is a Se- years of applied research and eign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of Jor- clusively focused on assessing the status of the nior Advisor in the Sec- work experience for the U.S. government, private dan. His career has spanned the areas of diplomacy, conflict in Syria, especially the makeup of the retary of State’s Office sector, and academia. In his most recent government development, civil society, and communications. anti-government insurgency and its various ji- of Religion and Global position, McKenzie served as the U.S. Department He is the author of The Arab Center: The Promise of hadi components. This has included a significant Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. He is of State’s Senior Advisor for Countering Violent Ex- Moderation (Yale University Press, 2008), and The program of face-to-face engagement with the on leave from George Mason University, where tremism, where he developed global initiatives for Second Arab Awakening and the Battle for Plural- leadership of over 100 armed opposition groups he is a Professor of International Relations in education and youth engagement, gender equality, ism (Yale University Press, 2014). Muasher holds a from across the entire Syrian spectrum. He was the School of Policy, Government, and Inter- and sports and cultural diplomacy. McKenzie also Ph.D. from Purdue University. formerly Head of MENA at the London-based national Affairs and Director of the Ali Vural established the Hedayah Center in Abu Dhabi, the IHS Jane’s Terrorism and Insurgency Centre, Ak Center for Global Islamic Studies. He has world’s first-ever international center on countering where he focused on analyzing sub-state security held nonresident senior fellowships at the violent extremism. McKenzie has been an adjunct Naheed Mustafa threats in the Middle East. His recently-authored Brookings Institution and the Pew Research lecturer at Wayne State University in Detroit, a re- CANADA Brookings Doha Center Analysis Paper is now Center, and was previously a member of the searcher at the American University in Cairo, and available as a book, titled Profiling the Islamic State Department’s Policy Planning Staff, a visiting scholar at the University of Oxford. He Naheed Mustafa is a writ- State (Brookings Institution Press, 2014). He as well as an adjunct senior scholar at the earned a B.A. in Economics from Michigan State er and broadcaster based is also the author of the forthcoming book The RAND Corporation. He is the author of sev- University, an M.A. in Security Studies and Gradu- in Canada. She currently Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the eral books including Islam & Politics (2014) and ate Certificate in Arab Studies from Georgetown works as a contributing Evolution of an Insurgency (Hurst & Oxford Uni- Transnational Muslim Politics: Reimagining the University, and he will receive his Ph.D. in Anthro- producer in current affairs and documentary pro- versity Press). Umma (2001). pology from the University of London. gramming at CBC Radio. Her work has appeared

40 41 in a variety of media outlets in Canada and the Michael O’Hanlon David Siddhartha Patel Brookings Institution, where he served as Director United States, including World Vision Report, the UNITED STATES UNITED STATES from 2009-2012. He previously held positions at the Toronto Star, and Radio Netherlands. She has a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, the U.S. Defense keen interest in stories connected to conflict and Michael O’Hanlon is Co- David Siddhartha Patel is Department, and the U.S. National Security Coun- its long-term implications, and her print and doc- director and Senior Fel- a Junior Research Fellow cil. His research focuses on Middle Eastern political- umentary journalism in the last several years has low with the Center for at the Crown Center for military affairs, and he has authored numerous pub- focused on the impact of militant violence in Paki- 21st Century Security Middle East Studies. Previ- lications pertaining to Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and stan and Afghanistan. and Intelligence and Director of Research for ously, he was an Assistant Professor in the Depart- the other nations of the Persian Gulf. His most recent the Foreign Policy program at Brookings, where ment of Government at Cornell University until book is Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American he specializes in U.S. defense strategy, the use of 2014. Much of his research investigates the role Strategy (Simon & Schuster, 2013). Pollack received a Peter Neumann military force, and American foreign policy. He of Islamic institutions in facilitating collective ac- B.A. from Yale University, and a Ph.D. in Political Sci- UNITED KINGDOM is a visiting lecturer at Princeton University, an tion. In 2003-2004, Patel conducted independent ence from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University, field research in Iraq on the role of mosques and Peter Neumann is a Profes- and a member of the International Institute for clerical networks in generating order. He is cur- sor of Security Studies at the Strategic Studies. He is the author of numerous rently completing a book manuscript tentatively Jomana Qaddour Department of War Studies publications, including Healing the Wounded Gi- titled Islam, Information, and the Rise and Fall of UNITED STATES at King’s College London, ant: Maintaining Military Preeminence While Social Orders in Iraq. Patel received his B.A. from and the Founder and Director of the International Cutting the Defense Budget (2013), and Strategic Duke University in Economics and Political Sci- Jomana Qaddour leads re- Centre for the Study of Radicalisation (ICSR). Neu- Reassurance and Resolve: U.S.-China Relations ence and his Ph.D. from Stanford University in search and analysis initiatives mann’s research focuses on online radicalization, for- in the Twenty-First Century (2014), co-written Political Science. focused on the Middle East eign fighter networks, deradicalization programs in with James Steinberg. O’Hanlon is also the and North Africa at Caerus prisons, and terrorist recruitment. He has authored co-author of the Brookings Afghanistan Index, Associates. Prior to joining Caerus, she was Senior numerous policy reports and publications on terror- a statistical compilation of economic, public Kadira Pethiyagoda Research Assistant and Publications Manager for the ism, and serves on the editorial boards of Studies in opinion, and security data documenting progress AUSTRALIA Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World in Conflict and Terrorism, the Journal of Strategic Stud- and security in post-9/11 Afghanistan. He holds the Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings ies, and Democracy and Security. Prior to his career a Ph.D. in Public and International Affairs from Kadira Pethiyagoda is a Vis- Institution, where she focused on Syria, Egypt, Pal- in academia, he worked in broadcast journalism in Princeton University. iting Fellow in Asia-Middle estinian politics, and Islamist movements. Qaddour Germany. Neumann earned an M.A. in Political Sci- East Relations at the Brook- is also Co-founder of Syria Relief & Development, a ence from the Free University of Berlin, and a Ph.D. ings Doha Center. His re- humanitarian organization that seeks to provide di- in War Studies from King’s College London. Saida Ounissi search focuses on India’s relations with the Gulf rect emergency and ongoing humanitarian relief for TUNISIA States, drawing on experience in Indian foreign Syrians who have been affected by violence, poverty, policy spanning both academia and policymaking. hunger, or homelessness since 2011. She also serves Anastasia Norton Saida Ounissi is a mem- Pethiyagoda, a former Australian diplomat who was on Crisis Action’s Syria Advisory Group. She has pub- UNITED STATES ber of the Tunisian Par- posted to New Delhi, previously worked as a for- lished pieces focused on Syria, including topics relat- liament, and serves as eign affairs advisor to an Australian shadow foreign ing to international trade, civil society organizations, Anastasia Norton is a Man- member of the Finance minister and advised several other parliamentarians the Syrian opposition, and the Alawite minority. She ager at Monitor 360. Previ- Committee. She has the distinction of being the on foreign policy matters. He has also served as a holds a J.D. from the University of Kansas School ously, she spent 14 years in youngest female to be appointed the head of an visiting scholar at Oxford University. He earned his of Law with a Certificate in International Trade and government service span- electoral list in Tunisia, and has been recognized B.A. and M.B.S. from Monash University, and his Finance, and a B.A. in Human Biology and Interna- ning counterterrorism, community development, by international news media for her work to pro- Ph.D. from the University of Melbourne. tional Studies from the University of Kansas. socio-cultural analysis, and strategic communica- mote women’s participation in Tunisian govern- tions efforts. She now leads teams focused on a ment. Largely educated in Europe, she has ac- range of difficult problems facing the public, pri- tively worked to promote wider recognition of Kenneth M. Pollack Mossarat Qadeem vate, and non-profit sectors. Norton is also an ad- the contribution of young Muslims and Arabs in UNITED STATES PAKISTAN junct professor at Georgetown University, where European societies through a partnership with she teaches a course on terrorist propaganda and Euro-Med. Ounissi holds a master’s degree from Kenneth M. Pollack is a Se- Mossarat Qadeem is an ad- government response. She holds a Ph.D. in Soci- the Institute of Economic and Social Develop- nior Fellow in the Center vocate for peace-building, ology from Brandeis University. ment Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris. for Middle East Policy at the electoral reform, de-radical-

42 43 ization, and women’s empowerment. She spearheaded itarian crisis. Sahloul is also an Associate Professor a Gaza-based think tank. Previously, he was the Europe, Canada, and the United States. Shafi holds a an innovative initiative that engages mothers to pro- at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He regularly Gaza Program Manager for Catholic Relief Ser- bachelor’s degree in Business Management from the mote de-radicalization, reintegration, and rehabilita- speaks on global public health issues related to the vices. Shaban participates occasionally in confer- University of St. Thomas. He has participated in mul- tion of hundreds of extremist youth. She is considered Syrian crisis in national news media, on Capitol Hill, ences on political and economic issues relating to tiple civic leadership programs, and completed a public an expert on countering violent extremism using in- and at the White House. His articles have appeared Palestinian affairs and the Arab-Israeli conflict and policy fellowship at the University of Minnesota. novative, indigenous models grounded in cultural and in numerous outlets including The Washington Post, European-Mediterranean cooperation. Shaban is religious realities. She has published numerous studies, The New York Times, the Chicago Tribune, Foreign occasionally invited to brief honorable guests, and contributed to documentaries on women, peace, Policy, New Republic, Policy Review, and Syria Deeply. diplomats, and parliamentarians from the United Oubai Shahbandar and security. Qadeem previously served as Minister Sahloul is a board member of the Illinois Coalition States, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, UNITED STATES for Information, Education, and Women’s Develop- for Immigrants and Refugee Rights and cofounder and other countries who visit Gaza. He has writ- ment in the caretaker Government of Khyber Pukh- of American Relief Coalition for Syria. Previously, ten for numerous international newspapers on the Oubai Shahbandar is Group tunkhwa. She holds an M.A. in Gender Studies from Sahloul served as chair of the Council of Islamic Or- socio-economic issues and politics of the Middle Media Director for the Ori- the International Institute of Social Studies, an M.Phil ganizations of Greater Chicago, and was president of East. He received his M.A. in Entrepreneurial ent Media Network based in degree in International Politics from the University of the Mosque Foundation. He is a member of the Ber- Studies from Stirling University. Dubai. Fluent in Arabic, he Hull, and received a fellowship from the John F. Ken- nadine Advisory Council of the Catholic Theological served for nearly a decade within the U.S. national nedy School of Government at Harvard University. Union and the Peace and Justice Center of Lutheran security establishment, where he worked under three School of Theology. Sahloul received his M.D. from Basem Shabb secretaries as a Middle East foreign affairs special- Damascus University. LEBANON ist in the Office of the Secretary of Defense at the Jordan Reimer Pentagon. Previously, he served as a political adviser UNITED STATES Basem Shabb is a Member to U.S. Special Operations Forces in Iraq. He is a Cynthia Schneider of the Lebanese parliament, frequent commentator on international security and Jordan Reimer is an Interna- UNITED STATES where he serves on the geopolitics in numerous media outlets. Shahbandar tional Affairs Analyst in the parliamentary committees graduated from Georgetown University with a de- New York City Government. Cynthia Schneider is a Dis- for Defense and Interior, Economy, and Human gree in National Security Policy Studies. A recipient of the Scholars tinguished Professor in Rights. He is concurrently an associate profes- in the Nation’s Service Initiative Fellowship, Reimer the Practice of Diplomacy sor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Lebanese Ameri- has worked at the U.S. State Department, the U.S. at Georgetown Univer- can University. Shabb also serves on the executive Salman Shaikh Department of Defense, and Joint Staff on issues re- sity, where she taught art history and co-founded committee of the Supreme Council of Evangelical QATAR lated to Middle East policy, strategic planning, the Georgetown’s Laboratory for Global Performance Churches for Lebanon and Syria, and is a found- Quadrennial Defense Review, and media relations. and Politics. Schneider currently co-directs the Tim- ing member of the Lebanese Association of Bio- Salman Shaikh is the Direc- Previously, he consulted for the Synergos Institute in buktu Renaissance project, an initiative that aims to safety, Biosecurity, and Bioethics. He graduated tor of the Brookings Doha the Arab World Social Innovators program. Reimer leverage Mali’s heritage and living culture to promote from American University of Beirut with a Doctor Center and a Fellow at the received his bachelor’s degree from Princeton Univer- peace and prosperity, which was selected as the Ac- of Medicine in 1982, and completed postgradu- Center for Middle East Pol- sity in 2008 with a major in Political Science and a tion Group at the 2014 U.S.-Islamic World Forum. ate training in General and Cardiac Surgery at the icy at the Brookings Institution. He worked with certificate in Near Eastern Studies. In 2012, Reimer Schneider also co-directs Muslims on Screen and University of Texas. the United Nations for nearly a decade, primarily received a master’s degree in Public Affairs from the Television (MOST). Schneider regularly publishes on Middle East policy, as the Special Assistant to the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University. and speaks on arts, culture, media, cultural diplomacy, UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace and international affairs. From 1998-2001, Schneider Hashi Shafi Process, and as Political Adviser to the UN Secre- served as U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands. She UNITED STATES tary-General’s Personal Representative for Lebanon Zaher Sahloul received her B.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University. during the 2006 war. He also served as the Director United States Hashi Shafi is the Executive for Policy and Research in the Office of Her High- Director and Founder of ness Sheikha Mozah Bint Nasser Al-Missned, the Zaher Sahloul is the cur- Omar Shaban the Somali Action Alliance Consort of the Emir of Qatar, where he led a team rent President of the Syrian PALESTINE (SAA), an organization dedi- of research analysts dedicated to advising on policy American Medical Society cated to civic and social change. Prior to his work with options and the initiatives of Her Highness. Shaikh (SAMS), one of the leading Omar Shaban is the Found- SAA, Shafi led numerous efforts to increase global en- earned his M.A. in International Relations from and cutting-edge medical relief organizations serving er and Director of PalTh- gagement in civic participation and electoral organiz- Canterbury University, and his B.A. in Politics and healthcare needs in Syria during the ongoing human- ink for Strategic Studies, ing, including three democracy campaigns that reached Economics from Loughborough University.

44 45 Kunaal Sharma Asmaa Shokr East. From early 2011 through the end of 2012, he Avi Max Spiegel UNITED STATES EGYPT served on the National Security Council staff at the UNITED STATES White House, where he was the Senior Director for Kunaal Sharma is a doc- Asmaa Shokr is a researcher Middle Eastern and North African Affairs. Prior to Avi Max Spiegel is Assistant toral candidate in Political and journalist. Since 2010, reentering government service, he was Principal and Professor of Political Sci- Science at Columbia Uni- she has worked in various Senior Advisor to Good Harbor Consulting, LLC ence at the University of versity. His dissertation le- capacities in the media as a in Abu Dhabi, as well as an adjunct senior fellow San Diego and a Fellow at verages social psychology and field experiments to reporter, photographer, and editor for online news for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on For- the Strauss Center for International Security and design and evaluate interventions aimed at reduc- websites and channels. Before July 2013, she served eign Relations (CFR) and Goldman Sachs Visiting Law at the University of Texas at Austin. Previously, ing religious extremism and violence. He has con- as a media spokesperson, parliamentary candidate, Professor at Princeton University. Simon is the co- he was the Ali Pachachi Scholar of the Middle East ducted prejudice-reduction experiments in Kenya, and secretary for the Freedom and Justice Party in author of The Age of Sacred Terror(Random House, at the University of Oxford, a Research Fellow at Turkey, India, and Pakistan. Sharma has presented Cairo. She is currently based in Istanbul, where she 2002) and co-editor of Iraq at the Crossroads: State the Brookings Institution, and a Fulbright Scholar his research at several conferences, including at the directs a media center. Shokr holds a master’s de- and Society in the Shadow of Regime Change (Oxford and Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco. He con- University of Oxford, and has consulted on coun- gree in Literature from the University of Alexandria University Press, 2003). Simon has also published tributes to Foreign Policy and Huffington Post, and tering violent extremism issues for U.S. govern- in Egypt. in Time, The New York Times, the Washington Post, has appeared as a Middle East analyst for Al Jazeera ment offices and the Tony Blair Faith Foundation. The Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal, Foreign English. His first book, forthcoming from Princ- Previously, Sharma was a South Asia researcher at Policy, Christian Science Monitor, the Washington eton University Press, uncovers the rivalries that are the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, Waheguru Pal Singh Times, Foreign Affairs, the New Republic, The New redefining the next generation of political Islam. D.C. He earned his B.A. in Political Science from Sidhu York Review of Books, The National Interest, World Spiegel earned a doctorate from Oxford University, Columbia University. INDIA Policy Journal, and other journals. Simon has a B.A. a master’s degree from Harvard University, and a from Columbia University in Classics and Near law degree from New York University. Waheguru Pal Singh Eastern Languages, an M.T.S. in New Testament Ibrahim Sharqieh (W.P.S.) Sidhu is a Senior and Christian Origins from the Harvard Divinity QATAR Fellow with Brookings In- School, and an M.P.A. from Princeton University. Praveen Swami dia in New Delhi at the Brookings Institution. He INDIA Ibrahim Sharqieh is Dep- is also a Nonresident Senior Fellow at New York uty Director of the Brook- University’s Center on International Cooperation. Hanaa Soltan Praveen Swami is the Na- ings Doha Center and Ad- His research focuses on India’s evolving grand strat- UNITED STATES tional Editor for Strategic junct Professor at George- egy, the role of India and other emerging powers in and International Affairs at town University in Qatar. Sharqieh previously the global order, addressing nuclear weapon chal- Hanaa Soltan is the Ex- The Indian Express, where taught international conflict resolution at George lenges and security, and development challenges ecutive Director of Mid- he writes on regional security and intelligence issues. Washington University and George Mason Uni- in fragile states. He is co-editor of the book Shap- east Global Advisors, a Previously, he was the Resident Editor of The Hindu versity. He has published extensively on conflict ing the Emerging World: India and the Multilateral management and pub- in New Delhi, National Security Analyst for CNN- resolution in the MENA region in The New York Order (Brookings Press, 2013). He earned his B.A. lic relations consulting firm specializing in IBN television and Firstpost.com, and Diplomatic Times, Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, Foreign in History from St. Stephen’s College, an M.A. in Middle East business. She has served as the Editor of The Daily Telegraph in London. Swami Policy, CNN, The Christian Science Monitor, Al Politics from Jawaharlal Nehru University, and a lead coordinator of international asset recov- has received several major awards for his work, and Jazeera, Al Arabiya, and The Philadelphia Inquirer. Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge. ery efforts, liaising between government of- is the author of India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: Widely quoted on Middle East politics by Reuters ficials, international law firms, and experts in the Covert War in Jammu and Kashmir, 1947-2002 and the Associated Press, he is a frequent commen- various fields, and has developed marketing (Routledge, 2007), written during his time as a Jen- tator on news channels, including NPR, CNN, Al Steven Simon and public engagement strategies for Egyp- nings Randolph Senior Fellow at the United States Jazeera (English and Arabic), and the BBC. He is UNITED STATES tian social reform and educational programs. Institute of Peace in Washington, D.C. He is an oc- the author of Lasting Peace? Yemen’s Long Journey to In the United States, Soltan has worked exten- casional contributor to the South Asia Intelligence Re- National Reconciliation, Reconstructing Libya, Sta- Steven Simon is a Visit- sively with government youth empowerment view and the CTC Sentinel published by the Com- bility through National Reconciliation and Prevent- ing Scholar at Dartmouth programs in addition to community and non- bating Terrorism Center at West Point. Swami addi- ing a New Displacement for the Palestinian Double College. Previously, he was profit organizations. She holds a bachelor’s de- tionally serves as an independent member of Delhi’s Refugees. Sharqieh received his Ph.D. from George Executive Director of the gree in Sociology from the City University of Security Commission, the oversight body responsible Mason University in Conflict Analysis and Reso- International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) - New York, and a master’s degree in Social Work for police accountability and reform. He was educated lution in 2006. U.S. and Corresponding Director of IISS - Middle from Virginia Commonwealth University. in History at King’s College, Cambridge University.

46 47 Haris Tarin the University of Maryland, College Park and a Yale Journal of International Affairs, and Justin Vela UNITED STATES Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Brookings In- Foreign Policy. UNITED ARAB stitution. He has taught at a number of univer- EMIRATES Haris Tarin is a Senior Policy sities, including Princeton University, Ohio State Advisor at the Department of University, Cornell University, and the Univer- Gönül Tol Justin Vela is the Gulf Cor- Homeland Security Office of sity of California at Berkeley. Among his numer- UNITED STATES respondent and Senior For- Civil Rights and Civil Liber- ous publications are his best-selling books The eign Editor at the Abu Dha- ties. Previously, he served as the Director of the Muslim Stakes: America and the Middle East (2002); The Gönül Tol is the Found- bi-based newspaper The National, where his writing Public Affairs Council (MPAC). Tarin has produced Peace Puzzle: America’s Quest for Arab-Israeli Peace: ing Director of the focuses on international affairs and Gulf politics. over 30 policy papers focusing on a wide range of issues 1989-2011 (2012), (co-authored); and The World Middle East Institute’s Previously, he worked as a freelance journalist in including national security, countering violent extrem- Through Arab Eyes: Arab Public Opinion and the Center for Turkish Stud- Istanbul for a variety of international publications. ism (CVE), and religious freedom; he is the author of Reshaping of the Middle East (2013). He has served ies. She is also an adjunct professor at George He holds a bachelor’s degree in International Stud- the paper Rethinking the “Red Line”: The Intersection of on a number of boards including at the United Washington University’s Institute for Middle ies and Journalism from Evergreen State University. Free Speech, Religious Freedom, and Social Change, pub- States Institute of Peace and at Human Rights East Studies. Previously, she was an adjunct lished by the Brookings Institution. Tarin also appears Watch. He is currently a member of the Council professor at the College of International regularly on news television programs including CNN, on Foreign Relations and serves on the boards of Security Affairs at the National Defense Clinton Watts BBC, and MSNBC, and his writing has appeared in nu- several educational and non-governmental organi- University. Tol has written extensively on Tur- UNITED STATES merous publications including The Washington Post, The zations. Telhami earned his Ph.D. in Political Sci- key’s foreign policy for outlets including The Los Angeles Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and Al ence from the University of California at Berkeley. New York Times, The Washington Post, The Na- Clinton Watts serves as a Jazeera. Tarin is currently pursuing his graduate degree tional Interest, Huffington Post, and Foreign Pol- Senior Fellow at the For- in international relations at Georgetown University. icy. She regularly appears on Voice of America, eign Policy Research In- Knox Thames NPR, and Al Jazeera. She also writes a weekly stitute and at the Center UNITED STATES column for the liberal Turkish daily Radikal. for Cyber and Homeland Security at the George Ömer Taspinar Tol received her Ph.D. in Political Science Washington University. His research focuses on UNITED STATES Knox Thames serves as from Florida International University, where analyzing transnational threat groups operating in the Director of Policy she was a graduate fellow at the Middle East local environments on a global scale. He previously Ömer Taspinar is Professor of and Research at the Unit- Studies Center. served as a U.S. Army officer, an FBI special agent, National Security Strategy at ed States Commission on and as the executive officer of the Combating Ter- the U.S. National War Col- International Religious Freedom, an indepen- rorism Center at West Point. lege and a Nonresident Se- dent U.S. government advisory body that mon- Barbara Plett Usher nior Fellow at the Brookings Institution. Taspinar was itors religious freedom worldwide and makes CANADA previously Assistant Professor in the European Studies policy recommendations to the president, the Stevan Weine Department of the Johns Hopkins University School secretary of state, and Congress. Before he Barbara Plett Usher is the UNITED STATES of Advanced International Studies. His research focuses joined the Commission, Thames worked at the BBC’s State Department on Turkey, Europe, the Middle East, Muslim minori- U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Com- Correspondent. She took Stevan Weine is Professor of ties in Europe, political economy, and Islamic radical- mission on Security and Cooperation in Eu- up the position in August Psychiatry at the University ism. Taspinar is the author of two books: Political Islam rope (the U.S. Helsinki Commission). Thames 2014, after a posting to the United Nations that of Illinois at Chicago College and Kurdish Nationalism in Turkey (Routledge, 2005) is an adjunct faculty member at the U.S. Army was dominated by the Security Council’s response of Medicine, where he also and Winning Turkey: How America, Europe and Turkey War College, a member of the State Depart- to the Arab uprising. Before that she was based in serves as the Director of the International Center on can Revive a Fading Partnership (Brookings, 2008). ment Religion and Foreign Policy Working Pakistan, where she reported on the downfall of Responses to Catastrophes and the Director of Global Group, and a term member with the Coun- President Pervez Musharraf and the rise of the Pak- Health Research Training at the Center for Global cil on Foreign Relations. From 2004-2012, he istani Taliban. Usher joined the BBC from Cairo Health. For over 20 years, he has been conducting re- Shibley Telhami was a U.S. appointee to the Organization for in 1995 and moved on to postings in Amman and search with refugees in the United States and in post- UNITED STATES Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Jerusalem. During her 12 years in the Middle East conflict countries, focusing on mental health, health, Panel of Experts on Freedom of Religion. she covered the Iraq sanctions, the early months of and countering violent extremism. His research mis- Shibley Telhami is the An- Thames is the author of numerous articles the U.S. occupation, the death of Syrian President sion is to develop, implement, and evaluate psycho- war Sadat Professor for on a range of human rights and foreign poli- Hafez al-Assad and the accession of his son Bashar, social interventions that are feasible, acceptable, and Peace and Development at cy issues, featured in Small Wars Journal, the and the second Palestinian Intifada. effective with respect to the complex real-life contexts

48 49 where migrants and refugees live. Weine is the author Science at Yale University. He previously worked as Khuram Zaman of more than 80 publications and two books: When a reporter, and his work has appeared in numerous UNITED STATES History is a Nightmare: Lives and Memories of Ethnic outlets including The New Republic, The Atlantic, and Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1999) and Testimony New York Magazine. Wood has been awarded fellow- Khuram Zaman is the Digi- and Catastrophe: Narrating the Traumas of Political Vio- ships from the Social Sciences Research Council, the tal Strategist of Fifth Tribe, a lence (2006). Weine earned a B.A. from the University South Asian Journalists Association, the East-West leading marketing technol- of Michigan, and an M.D. from Columbia University. Center, and the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum’s ogy firm based in Washing- Center for the Prevention of Genocide. Wood gradu- ton D.C., and an Advisor to the health information ated from Harvard University in 2001. technology company Mednav. Zaman previously Tamara Cofman Wittes worked in the non-profit sector and provided digital UNITED STATES marketing services to clients including the U.S. De- Sakena Yacoobi partment of Defense, the U.S. Air Force, Silatech, Tamara Cofman Wittes is a AFGHANISTAN Oxfam, and the Hult Prize. In 2014, Khuram and Senior Fellow and the Direc- a colleague won a competition at the Hedaya Hack- tor of the Center for Middle Sakena Yacoobi is Founder athon during the Global CVE Expo, where they de- East Policy at the Brookings and Chief Executive Officer veloped a crowdsourcing and social media platform Institution. Wittes served as Deputy Assistant Secre- of the Afghan Institute of to counter violent extremist messages. He holds a tary of State for Near Eastern Affairs from November Learning (AIL). Yacoobi has B.A. from the University of Baltimore County, and 2009 to January 2012, coordinating U.S. policy on de- also established four private schools, a private hospi- a J.D. from the Widener University School of Law. mocracy and human rights in the Middle East. Wittes tal, and a private radio station in Afghanistan, and is also oversaw the Middle East Partnership Initiative the Co-founder of the nonprofit organization Creat- and served as Deputy Special Coordinator for Middle ing Hope International. Born in Herat, Afghanistan, East Transitions, helping to organize the U.S. govern- Yacoobi earned a bachelor’s degree in Biological Sci- ment’s initial response to the Arab Spring. Before join- ences from the University of the Pacific and a master’s ing the State Department, Wittes was a Senior Fellow degree in Public Health from Loma Linda University. at the Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, She has received many honors, including five honor- where she directed the Middle East Democracy and ary doctorates and the prestigious Opus Prize. Development (MEDD) Project. Before joining the Center in December 2003, Wittes served as Middle East specialist at the U.S. Institute of Peace and previ- Shaarik H. Zafar ously as Director of Programs at the Middle East In- UNITED STATES stitute in Washington. She also taught courses in international relations and security studies at Georgetown Shaarik H. Zafar is the Spe- University. She is the author of Freedom’s Unsteady cial Representative to Mus- March: America’s Role in Building Arab Democracy. She lim Communities at the is also editor of How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate: U.S. Department of State, A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Oslo Peace Process. She where he is responsible for driving Secretary Kerry’s holds a B.A. in Judaic and Near Eastern Studies from engagement with Muslim communities around the Oberlin College, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Govern- world on issues of mutual interest, in support of ment from Georgetown University. shared goals, and in advance of U.S. foreign policy. Zafar previously held senior roles at the U.S. Na- tional Counterterrorism Center, the White House Graeme Wood National Security Council, the U.S. Department of UNITED STATES Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Justice. Zafar is a Life Member of the Council on Graeme Wood is a Contrib- Foreign Relations. He is a graduate of the Plan II uting Editor to The Atlantic Honors Program at the University of Texas at Aus- and a Lecturer in Political tin and the University of Texas School of Law.

50 51 Special Thanks

Special recognition and appreciation Permanent Committee for Organizing Conferences are extended to these individuals Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State of Qatar and organizations for transforming H.E. Rashid Bin Khalifa Al Khalifa the vision of the 2015 U.S.-Islamic Minister’s Assistant for Services and Follow- up Affairs World Forum into reality. Ambassador Abdulla Abdul-Rahman Fakhroo Executive Director of the Permanent Committee for Organizing Conferences

We additionally extend our thanks to the entire team of the Permanent Committee for Organizing Conferences.

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Changing Assumptions Changing U.S.-Islamic World Forum World U.S.-Islamic June 1-3, 2015 / Doha, Qatar Doha, / 2015 1-3, June Brookings Institution Brookings Doha Center Washington Doha

William McCants Rebecca White Salman Shaikh Alhasan Zwayne Director and Fellow, Project on U.S. Relations Digital Marketing and Social Media Manager, Fellow and Director, Brookings Doha Center Development Officer with the Islamic World Foreign Policy Ibrahim Sharqieh Ghadeer Abu Ali Tamara Cofman Wittes Shaqaiq Birashk Fellow and Deputy Director, Brookings Doha Executive Assistant Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Middle Assistant Director, Center for Middle East Policy Center East Policy Lina Raslan Sadie Jonath Sultan Barakat Programs Assistant Anne Peckham Development Officer, Foreign Policy Senior Fellow and Director of Research, Brookings Project Manager, Project on U.S. Relations with the Doha Center Islamic World Rangano Makamure Senior Financial Manager, Nadine Masri Kristine Anderson Foreign Policy Budget and Administration Manager Research Assistant and Publications Coordinator, Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World Kais Sharif Program Manager Elizabeth Pearce Project Coordinator, Project on U.S. Relations Bahaa Omran with the Islamic World Communications Manager

Nouf Al Sadiq Sarah Abdelhadi Intern, Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic Publications and Communications Coordinator World Hind Abdallah Stephanie Dahle Programs Coordinator Publications Manager, Center for Middle East Policy Vittoria Federici Senior Research Assistant Jennifer Williams Research Assistant, Center for Middle East Policy Bill Hess Research Assistant Gail Chalef Director of Communications, Foreign Policy Andrew Leber Research Assistant Rachel Slattery Website Coordinator, Foreign Policy Francoise Freifer Translator and Editor

54 55 About the Project on U.S. Relations The Center for Middle East Policy with the Islamic World Charting the path to a Middle East at peace with itself and the world

The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with To achieve these goals, the Project has several inter- Today’s dramatic, dynamic and often violent Mid- The Center was established on May 13, 2002 with an the Islamic World is a research initiative housed locking components: dle East presents unprecedented challenges for inaugural address by His Majesty King Abdullah II of in the Center for Middle East Policy at the global security and United States foreign policy. Jordan. The Center is part of the Foreign Policy Stud- Brookings Institution. The Project’s mission is to • The U.S.-Islamic World Forum, which brings Understanding and addressing these challenges ies Program at Brookings and upholds the Brookings engage and inform policymakers, practitioners, together leaders in politics, business, media, aca- is the work of the Center for Middle East Policy values of Quality, Independence, and Impact. The and the broader public on the changing dynam- demia, and civil society from the United States at Brookings. Founded in 2002, the Center for Center is also home to the Project on U.S. Relations ics in Muslim-majority countries and to advance and from Muslim societies in Africa, Asia, Eu- Middle East Policy brings together the most expe- with the Islamic World, which convenes a major in- relations between Americans and Muslim societ- rope, and the Middle East. The Forum also serves rienced policy minds working on the region, and ternational conference and a range of activities each ies around the world. as a focal point for the Project’s ongoing research provides policymakers and the public with objec- year to foster frank dialogue and build positive part- and initiatives, providing the foundation for a tive, in-depth and timely research and analysis. Our nerships between the United States and Muslim com- To fulfill this mission, the Project sponsors a range range of complementary activities designed to mission is to chart the path—political, economic munities around the world. The Center also houses of activities, research projects, and publications de- enhance dialogue and impact; and social—to a Middle East at peace with itself the Brookings Doha Center in Doha, Qatar—home signed to educate, encourage frank dialogue, and • An Analysis Paper Series that provides high-qual- and the world. to three permanent scholars, visiting fellows, and a full build positive partnerships between the United ity research and publications on key questions range of policy-relevant conferences and meetings. States and Muslim communities all over the world. facing Muslim states and communities; Research now underway in the Center includes: The broader goals of the Project include: • Workshops, symposia, and public and private discussions with key stakeholders focused on • Preserving the Prospects for Two States • Exploring the multi-faceted nature of the United critical issues affecting the relationship; • U.S. Strategy for a Changing Middle East States’ relationship with Muslim-majority states, • Special initiatives in targeted areas of demand. In • Politics and Security in the Persian Gulf including issues related to mutual misperceptions; the past these have included Arts and Culture, Sci- • Iran’s Five Alternative Futures • Analyzing the social, economic, and political ence and Technology, and Religion and Diplomacy. • The Future of Counterterrorism dynamics underway in Muslim societies; • Energy Security and Conflict in the Middle East • Identifying areas for shared endeavors between The Project’s Steering Committee consists of Mar- the United States and Muslim communities tin Indyk, Executive Vice President; Bruce Jones, around the world on issues of common concern. Acting Vice President and Director of Foreign Pol- icy Studies; Tamara Cofman Wittes, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Middle East Policy; William McCants, Fellow and Director of the Proj- ect on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World; Ken- neth Pollack, Senior Fellow in the Center; Bruce Riedel, Senior Fellow in the Center; Shibley Tel- hami, Nonresident Senior Fellow of the Project and Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development at the University of Maryland; and Salman Shaikh, Fellow and Director of the Brookings Doha Center.

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