WORKING PAPER ON INDIAN FOOD FISHERIES AND

SALMONID ENHANCEMENT

Michael Friedlaender Gregory Reif

h.l:'.L .LLt .l.-:ZIO 1. INTRODUCTION

Early in the planning for the Salmonid Enhancement Program it was recognized that, in addition to contributing to the commercial fishery and the sports fishery, the S.E.P. could make important contributions to the Indian food fishery. However, this factor has not yet been taken into consideration in planning the program, primarily because information on where and how the S.E.P. can best contribute to the food fishery has not been available in a useable form. This paper, which is basically a summary of available in-house information on the food fishery, is in­ tended to serve as the first step in rectifying this situation and enabling potential food fish benefits to be considered in the S.E.P. planning process. The compilation of this information was one of the 1977-78 tasks of both the Economics Working Group (EWG task #11) and the Native Program Working Group (NPWG task #4.1).

There are several kinds of potential food fishery benefits from the S.E.P.: Increased catch where food fish requirements cannot now be satisfied because stocks are low. The stabilization of a food fishery through the reduction of

f~mctuations from year to year. A return to traditional food fishing locations that had been closed as a result of conservation problems. A relaxation of restrictions on fishing times and methods imposed for conservation purposes. These last'two benefits may be as important as the earlier ones for the people involved. It is well knqwn that the cultural, social and traditional aspects of the food fishery are valued by Native people, in addition to the economic aspect of the fishery as a source of food.

This working paper is a first step toward identifying where and how some of these benefits can be realized. It includes catch estimates, location by location, throughout British Columbia for 1972 to 1976, as well as detailed descriptions of how the various food fisheries are

. . ./2 - 2 - conducted. Tabulations on both of these items are presented in the Appendix. Section 2 of the paper outlines the food fishery situation in each of nine regions and includes a first, qualitative assessment of the supply/demand situation and the possible implications of the S.E.P. Section 3-summarizes the areas we have identified where there may be potential food fishery benefits from the S.E.P.

It should be emphasized that it is difficult to assess the extent to which salmon enhancement could enable food fish requirements to be satisfied, because it is impossible to accurately estimate the food fisn requirements of various bands, or even to precisely define what is meant by the term. As we understand the present situation, food fish requirements are simply what the Native people involved say they are. In this paper we use the term food fish requirements to mean the number of food fish that would be caught (and used for food purposes) if there were no supply constraint, i.e. if the number of fish available to the food fishery were the same as, say, 100 years ago. What we mean, therefore, when we identify situations where salmon enhancement could contribute to satisfying food fish requirements, is that the data indicates more food fish would be caught if more were available.

There are several additional important points concerning this paper: (1) Although we speak throughout the paper about the effects of salmon enhancement, what we are really talking about, of course, are the effects of increasing the food fish supply. Enhancement is just one possible method of doing this, and in many cases there may well be other methods, such as changing the way in which the commercial fishery is managed. (2) The paper relies almost entirely on information from within Fisheries and Marine Service. Very few interviews were conducted with Native people, so readers should be aware that the report does not, by any means, give a complete account of the food fishery. For example, not much information is given on the importance of traditional fishing locations and methods, and no information is given on the distribution of food fish within bands.

• • ./3 - 3 -

(3) Comments on supply/demand and likely implications of S.E.P. rely heavily on the opinions provided by FMS field staff. In most cases, they were not derived from our independent analysis of. the data. (4) We have assumed throughout the paper that, in a given food fishery, one species cannot, in general, be substituted for ano~her. For example, if a food fishery has traditionally utilized sockeye anu sockeye stocks are depleted, the enhancement of chums will not necessarily imply food fish benefits.

There is clearly additional work to be done before potential food fish benefits can be fully incorporated into the S.E.P. planning process. First, there is additional data to be collected. In a subsequent paper we will discuss the quality and completeness of the data contained in this paper and the requirements for additional data. Secondly, a method has to be devised for valuing potential food fishery benefits and incorporating the benefits into the multiple-account benefit-cost evaluations carried out by the Economics Working Group. This valuation task is a difficult one involving several theoretical issues, and it will also be dealt with in a separate paper.

Finally, we wish to thank the FMS field staff for their cooperation and assistance.

. • ./4 - 4 -

2. THE INDIAN FOOD FISHERIES OF B.C.

Queen Charlotte Islands

Annual catch 10.1 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which SS% sockeye, 12% chum; 6.8 fish per capita (1972- 1976 average)

The food fisheries on the Queen Charlottes utilize two species, namely sockeye and chum. Sockeye are fished in the spring, using set nets near the mouths of rivers, and the chum fishery, in the fall, uses set nets or commercial gear depending on the location.

It is believed that, on the whole, Native peoples' present requirements for food fish are being met, although there are indications of some problems of allocation within bands. The sockeye stocks used by the food fishery are local stocks; they are not exploited by any other fishery and could not sustain a larger fishery. The chum stocks are also local, but they are shared with a commercial fishery. Food fish catches on the Queen Charlottes fluctuate considerably from year to year, without any clear trends during the twelve years for which data were available.

It is possible that enhancement of sockeye stocks cou1a· lead to some increase in food fish catches.

Nass

Annual catch 21.4 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 78% sockeye, 8% pink, 7% coho; 5.4 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

On the upper Nass, from Greenville up, fishing is done with nets in the river,; 83% of the fish caught are sockeye. Below Greenville, that is at Kincolith and Port Simpson, com.~ercial net gear is used during commercial

•.. /5 - 5 -

closed times. Here, sockeye make up 68% of the catch, pinks 17%, and small numbers of all the other species are also caught.

There are no known problems in meeting current food fish requirements. The stocks drawn upon are Nass River stocks which are also utilized by important commercial fisheries. In 1976, the food fish catch of sockeye made up approximately 10% of the total harvest of Nass River sockeye. Total food fish catches recorded have increased steadily from 11.5 thousand

pieces in 1972 to 34.7 thousand pieces in 197~ but the reason for this increase is not known.

Enhancement of sockeye is not expected to have any effect on the food fishery. Chinook enhancement may permit relaxation of timing restrictions that were imposed for conservation purposes. This means that a part, but probably a small part, of the chinook produced by enhancement would be utilized by the food fishery.

Skeena

Annual catch 92.5 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 82% sockeye, 10% pink, 3% coho; 19.4 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

In the Skeena estuary (Chatham Sound) food fishing is done by commercial gillnetters during commercial closed times. This large fishery, in which people from all over the north participate, accounts for almost one fifth of the Skeena region food fish catches. Area 5 is also fished with com­ merical gear. In most of the rest of the region, fishing is done by using set nets on the main stem of the Skeena River. This is the Gitksan­ Carrier area throughout which bands and individual families maintain t~aditional rights to specific fishing sites. Further up the system are

~he dip net and gaff fishery at Moricetown Falls, a set net fishery on

• • ./6 - 6 -

Babine Lake, and a special fishery at the Babine fence. In the upper part of the Skeena, above the estuary, openings for the fishery vary depending upon the season and reach up to seven days per week during the sockeye season.

The supply of sockeye available to this food fishery appears to be sufficient for meeting current food fish requirements in an overall

sense~ however, there are reports of some allocation difficulties between bands. Also, chinook fishery openings are now restricted to two days per week for conservation reasons and there have been many requests from Indians for more food fishing time for chinooks. That is, conservation problems have made it impossible to meet the present requirements for this species.

The Skeena River stocks drawn upon by the food fishery are all shared with important commercial fisheries. If the commercial catch in Areas 4 and 5 is taken as proxy for the total commercial catch of Skeena River fish, then it can be estimated that in 1976 the food fishery caught about 11% of the total sockeye harvest from Skeena stocks. The proportion for all other species would be much smaller. It should be observed that a significant number of food fish are sold, in violation of the B.C. Fishery Regulations. There are, however, no quantitative estimates as

to the extent of thi~ phenomenon. Per capita catches are much higher "'"'---'-<._ than in any other region except for the Lower Fraser. There has also been a steady increase in recorded catches from 64.9 thousand fish in 1972 to 106.8 thousand fish in 1976.

Chinook enhancement could result in food fish benefits through relaxation of existing time restrictions and resulting increases in catch. Enhancement of other species is not expected to have any significant effect on the food fisheries. This is based upon the assumption that catch for illegal purposes will not be free to increase.

. . . /7 - 7 -

Central Coast

Annual catch 27.7 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 45% sockeye, 26% chum; 7.7 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

This fishery uses an assortment of gear, depending on local circumstances. Drift nets and set nets are used in the lower portions of some rivers and short gillnets operated from skiffs are fished off some river mouths. Typically such fisheries are open four days per week. To complement these fisheries, commercial net gear is used outside the commercial fishing boundaries, typically for one or two days at a time during commercial closed periods. In several communities both the non-commercial and the commercial gear are used with the relative importance being determined by local characteristics.

Most of the stocks drawn upon here are local stocks shared with the commerical fisheries. No problems in meeting current food fish require­ ments were identified except for two special situations, namely chinook at Kitimat and sockeye at Bella Bella. In both cases the stocks are depleted and the food fishery would be using more fish if it were avai­ lable. The reported catch figures have fluctuated from year to year Without any clear trend.

It is likely that enhancement of Kitimat River chinook stocks or sockeye stocks near Bella Bella would produce benefits for the food fishery. The effects of other enhancement activities would be less significant.

Johnstone Strait

Annual catch 20.4 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 48% chum, 38% sockeye; 7.3 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

In the Johnstone Strait region there are two methods of catching food fish.

. . ./8 - .8 -

Commercial seine and gillnet gear fishing for transient stocks in the Straits accounts for at least 60% of the food fish catch. The remaining food fishing is done on local rivers such as the Nimpkish using set nets, beach seines, and similar equipment.

Because of the availability of transient stocks on their way to the Fraser, there is never any serious problem with supply of food fish. Accordingly, it is not expected that S.E.P. will have any implications for the food fisheries of the people living in this region except possibly in cases where local river fish are particularly prized for traditional reasons and where such stocks need enhancement.

Georgia Strait

Annual catch 23.1 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 74% chum, 14% coho, 10% chinook; 3.6 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

In recent years, two seiners operated by members of the Qualicum band have constituted the single most important source of food fish in this region. Under an arrangement which began in 1973, chums, mainly from the Qualicum run, are caught in a fishery of one or several days and are dis­ tributed to as many as fifteen bands throughout the region. This arrange­ ment grew out of the fact that many of. the Indian bands on southeastern Vancouver Island are no longer involved in the commercial fishery and thus do not have commercial gear of their own which could be used for food fishing. To complement the fish received from Qualicum, set nets and gaffs are used to fish local stocks on rivers throughout the region.

The supply/demand situation in this region is fairly complicated. Without the Qualicum fish, many bands on southeastern Vancouver Island would depend entirely on the stock in their local river. Any difficulties with the management of a local stock could leave a community short of food fish.

. . . /9 - 9 -

No attempt has been made as yet, to predict the possible implications of enhancement in this region.

West Coast Vancouver Island

Annual catch 17.2 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 64% sockeye, 31% chum; 4.5 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

Most food fish along the West Coast of Vancouver Island are caught in creeks and rivers using set nets, drag seines and similar equipment. Typically, these fisheries are open several days per week. In addition, there is a small amount of food fishing with commercial gear, including troll. Sockeye and chum are the only species caught in any quantity.

Indications are that there are no difficulties in meeting the current requirements. The only recent exception was a small group of Indians living near Long Beach who usually fish Kenneday Lake; when lack of sockeye closed this fishery, arrangements were made for supply from Barkley Sound. There is already one illustration on the West Coast of effects of enhancement on the food fishery. Sockeye catches on the Somass River have increased quite markedly since the beginning of Great Central Lake fertilization. While the catch in 1973 was under 7 thousand fish, in 1977 it reached 12.8 thousand. However, the Somass fishery is unique on the West Coast ot° Vancouver Island in that significant numbers of fish, perhaps as much as 70% of the catch, are not used for food purposes but are sold, in violation of the B.C. Fishery Regulations. Consequently, much of the increased food fish catch resulting from enhancement should not be considered a food fish benefit in the evaluation of the enhancement project.

Also, on t~e West Coast it is expected that catches of sockeye and chums may increase somewhat with enhancement, but since current requirements are generally being met without difficulty these increases should not be large. . •• /10 - 10 -

Lower Fraser

Annual catch 183.2 thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 58% sockeye, 13% coho; 30.5 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

The Lower Fraser food fishery is conducted almost exclusively with set nets on the main stem, and on some tributaries such as the Harrison. Fishing is open three days per week with the precise days varying from place to place. There is some fishing most of the year, with the peak being in the sockeye season from July to October. More food fish are @aught on the Lower Fraser than in any other of the 9 regions.

Since all of the Fraser river stocks migrate through this area on their way to the spawning grounds, supply of food fish is never a problem here. Thus, no food fish benefits can be attributed to enhancement in this area. Furthermore, it is believed that although only a small number of food fishermen are involved in such operations, a large proportion of the fish caught,: perhaps over 75%, are marketed illegally instead of being used for food purposes. The per capita catch is significantly higher than anywhere else. Accordingly, should food fish catches increase as a result of enhancement, it would nevertheless not be appropriate to claim food fish benefits in project evaluation.

Interior Fraser

Annual catch 101.l thousand pieces (1972-1976 average) of which 95% sockeye, 2% chinook; 8.0 fish per capita (1972-1976 average)

As one travels up the Fraser system, the number of distinct salrnonid stocks available to the food fishery gradually diminishes. As a result,

while conununitie~ in the lower part of the system almost always have an adequate supply, those in the upper most reaches are quite vulnerable to yearly fluctuations. Catch levels diminish as one moves up the system,

. . ./11 - 11 - and this is true both in terms of absolute quantities and in relation to population size. In the Interior Fraser, fishing is done mainly with dip nets, gaffs, and set nets. Openings usually range from four days per week in the Fraser Canyon to five and seven days per week further up in the system. The controls under which the fishery is operated tend to relax as one moves up the system. Almost all of the fish caught here are sockeye. Chinook catches are low because although these fish are highly valued by Native users, they are quite difficult to catch with the gear used.

The following is a brief description of the situation in the main parts of the Fraser system above Boston Bar. The main stem from Boston Bar to the Chilcotin confluence is an important fishing area both for the local bands as well as for people from the Thompson. The local bands use their own traditional fishing sites whereas outside bands fish wherever it is con­ venient for them. Near the Chilcotin confluence, some of the bands from the Chilcotin also fish the main stem of the Fraser whenever the Chilko run is poor. At this point the variety of stocks available is still large and there is no evidence of any difficulty in meeting current re­ quirements.

On the Thompson, both the North Thompson and the Nicola.cannot be fished because of poor condition of stocks. Indian residents of these areas can not obtain their food fish locally but travel to the main Thompson west of Savona or to the Fraser itself. Accordingly, enhancement in these areas could imply food fishery benefits. (However, Fraser fish are of higher quality.) At present, the ~outh Thompson is the only part of the Thompson system with an active food fishery; it is based on the Adams River run and is significant only in the cycle years (1974, 1978), with fishermen travelling to the Fraser in other years.

On the Chilcotin, the fishery depends on one stock, the Chilko. Catch figures fluctuate very markedly from year to year as a result of fluctua­ tions in gross escapement. Thus, 1972 and 1976 are cycle years; catches

. . ./12 - 12 -

were high in 1975 as well, probably as a result of a strike in the com­ mercial fishery. Catches in 1973 and 1974 however, were low. It appears from these figures that catches do respond directly to supply in this area.

on the Upper Fraser, above the Chilcotin confluence, catch figures again fluctuate markedly from year to year, although the fishery can still draw on half a dozen different stocks. Again, it appears that catches respond directly to gross escapement levels.

Finally, on the Nechako and Stuart, the fishery depends on a very small number of stocks and catches again show considerable variation from year to year, although less so on the Nechako than on the Stuart. Over the last five years, catches per capita have averaged 3.3 fish on the Stuart and 4.5 on the Nechako, both lower figures than elsewhere on the Fraser system. Some of the more remote communities in this area are quite dependent on fish as a source of food, but they do not rely entirely on salmon. At Stuart Lake, increased use is made of lake char in years of poor salmon runs.

In summary, it appears that food fishery benefits are most likely to be associated with enhancement projects on the Thompson system, including the Nicola River, and on the upper Fraser above the Chilcotin confluence.

. . . /13 - 13 -

3. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL FOOD FISHERY BENEFITS

We summarize below the areas we have identified where there may be potential food fishery benefits from the S.E.P. The reader is reminded that these are just preliminary indications, and the analysis to date is far from complete.

Areas where important food fish benefits can be expected: chinook enhancement on the Skeena. chinook enhancement on the Kitimat River. enhancement of sockeye stocks near Bella Bella. sockeye enhancement on the Thompson system, including the Nicola River. sockeye enhancement on the Upper Fraser.

Other areas where there may be possible food fish benefits: sockeye enhancement in the Queen Charlottes. '• chinook enhancement on the Nass. sockeye and chum enhancement along the West Coast of Vancouver Island.

Areas where it appears enhancement will not significantly affect food fisheries: sockeye enhancement on the Nass. sockeye enhancement on the Skeena. enhancement in Johnstone Strait (with possibly a few exceptions). sockeye enhancement on the Lower Fraser. APPENDIX

ESTIMATES OF FOOD FISH CATCHES

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FOOD FISHERY NOTES

1. Source of catch data are Fishery Officers' estimates as given in Area Histories and Narrative Reports. All figures should be con­ sidered estimates.

2. Division of catch among bands is in most cases estimated.

3. Management of the food fishery undergoes occasional revisions; some of the information in the "description" tables may no longer be valid in 1978 or even 1977.

4. "-" means "nil"; "n/a" means "not applicable". NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO. PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

QUEEN CHARLOTTES: Area 1 -Yakoun River 1972 6,468 6, 198 20 220 30 Masset 1973 4, 730 4,575 5 150 1974 1,955 1,839 125 1975 2, 100 1,950 150 1976 1,073 1,00l 42 5-year average 3,265 3, 117 4 44 7 '3

Ain River 1972 120 120 Mlmet 1973 2,050 1,200 50 000 1974 130 50 10 70 1975 800 800 1976 887 25 862 5-year average 797 250 17 530

Awun River 1972 120 20 100 1973 60 10 50 1974 1975 .- 1976 4 4 5-year average 37 6 31 r------, Area 1 Total 1 1972 6, 706 6, 191 40 220 220 30 Masset 1973 6, 765 5, 700 60 850 5 150 1974 2,085 1,880 10 70 125 1975 2,900 1,950 800 150 1976 1,964 l,031 25 866 42 5-year -~~~~C!.ae______1LQ~ ______q,_=!_~~------~Z------~------~~t ______z_____ ~_J..=!. ______J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC KEYE COHO PINK CHUM ~HINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Area 2 East Copper River 1972 1, 000 1,000 Skidegote 1973 5,011 4,946 25 1974 4,136 4,136 1975 9,418 9,373 45 1976 6,000 6,000 5-year overage 5,273 5,251 14

Skidegote Inlet 1972 catch data not available Skidegote 1973 55 55 1974 1,311 22 24 42 1,223 1975 580 80 500 1976 n5 100 675 4-yeor overage 680 5 65 10 600 r------~------~------~------, Area 2 East .Total 1972 1,970 1,000 90 45 35 Skidegate I 1973 6,041 4,992 43 s 986 12 I 1974 5,447 4, 158 24 42 l,223 I 1975 9,998 9,373 80 soo 45 I 1976 6, n5 6,000 100 675 el 5-year 1 L~~!~~~-----~L~~------~-~~------2J______!Q------~------3------t~------j

Area 2 West No Food Fishery

QUEEN CHARLOTTES 1972 B,678 7,998 130 220 265 30 35 Mosset 400..b TOTAL 1973 12,806" 10,692 103 8 1,836 17 150 Skidegate 60% 1974 7,532 6,038 34 42 1,293 - 125 1975 12,898 11,323 80 - 1,300 - 195 1976 8,739 7,031 125 - 1,541 - 42 5""Yeor average 10, 130 B,616 94 54 1,247 9 109 DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

QUEEN CHARLOTTES Area 1 Yakoun River Masset set net Early May 1 - 4 days/week 1974: 50 permits n/a These rivers are used (max. length Sock eye June 15 Thurs. - Sun. 1975: 52 permits because streams closer to 50 fathoms) (6 weeks) Masset could not support a food fishery.

Ain and Awun Rivers Masset set net Chum 10ct. 2 - 1974: 21 permits n/a Nov. 15 1975: 19 permits

Copper River Skidegate set net Early May+ June 1976: 41 permits n/a Traditional source of food Sock eye (before the fish for the Skidegate· opening of band. This fishel}' is an the commer- important social event. I cial fishing Many families move to w~ season) cabins near the fishing site for several weeks or for week ends.

Skidegate Inlet Skidegate purse seine, Chum, Oct. - Nov. n/a Usually one seine boat commercial Coho fishes for one day t·o supply gill net the entire village with fall fi~h.

Area 2 - West No Food Fishery

Summary Masset set net, Sock eye May- 1974: 162 permits Masset 45% purse seine, mid-June Skidegate 55% commercial ...... ~ ...... Chum, Oct. - Nov. gillnet Coho NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, NASS

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC KEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

NASS: Area 3 Upper Nass Greenville 1972 2,820 2,070 508 44 81 117 Greenville 1973 2,561 2,280 158 27 48 48 1974 4,925 4,000 300 300 200 125 1975 6,300 5,300 425 250 150 175 1976 11,410 10,000 650 300 200 225 35 5-year average 5,603 4,730 408 184 135 138 7

Canyon City 1972 1,278 1,037 118 21 58 44 Canyon City 1973 2, 136 1, 960 94 8 26 48 1974 1,050 800 100 25 100 25 :i::i 1975 2,600 2,000 250 150 100 100 ~ 1976 4,720 4,000 200 275 150 80 15 5-year overage 2,357 1,959 152 96 87 59 3

Aiyansh 1972 1,367 907 315 35 no Gitlakdamix 1973 3,687 2,909 330 240 48 160 1974 3,500 3,000 400 25 50 25 1975 7,375 6,000 600 375 200 200 1976 9,265 8,000 750 200 175 100 40 5-year average 5,039 4, 163 479 175 117 97 8

Kitwoncool 1972 Kitwancool Skeeno Watershed 1973 l, 100 I, 100 catches shown 1974 560 400 150 JO elsewhere 1975 1,740 1,500 200 40 1976 700 500 100 25 75 5-year average 820 700 90 5 15 10 NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, NASS (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS r------1 Upper Nass Total I 1972 5,465 4,014 941 100 249 161 - Greenville 41% 1 11973 9,484 8,249 582 275 122 254 - Canyon City 17% I 11974 10,035 8,200 950 350 350 185 Gitlakdamlx 36% I I 1975 18,015 14,800 1,475 775 450 515 Kltwancool 6% I 11976 26,095 22,500 t,700 800 600 405 90 I I I ! 5-year I L~Y~~C?..Q.~----!~t~!~-----~!t-~~q______lil2,9______1~Q ______q_~------~,21 ______~f!. ______J

lower Nass Kincolith 1972 1,893 1,250 440 22 117 64 Kincolith 1973 2,569 1, 711 280 320 128 130 1974 2, 740 1,850 375 221 196 78 20 1975 6,425 2,379 386 3,210 244 160 46 1976 4, 175 3,042 11 1,021 71 12 18 5-year average 3,560 2,046 298 959 151 89 17 >Ul Port Simpson 1972 4, 158 3,271 221 461 189 16 Port Simpson 1973 2,406 1,477 24 425 467 13 1974 5,280 4,375 264 354 235 42 10 1975 4,043 2,900 325 450 230 120 18 1976 4,392 3,841 19 245 210 77 5-year average 4,056 3, 173 171 387 266 54 6 r------1 lower Nass Total 1 1972 6,051 4,521 661 483 306 80 - Kincolith 47o/c4 !1973 4,975 3,188 304 745 595 143 PortSimpson53o/J 11974 8,020 6,225 639 575 431 120 30 1 I 1975 10,468 5,279 71 I 3,660 474 280 64 I 11976 8,567 6,883 30 1,266 281 89 18 I I I j 5-year I L~Y~~Q..~-----ZL~!~------~-~"!?.______j_?J______!t~~------'!.!Z. ______]j3______~~------J

NASS (AREA 3) TOTAL 1972 11,516 8,535 1,602 583 555 241 - Greenville 26% 1973 14,459 11,437 886 1,020 717 399 - Canyon City 11 % 1974 18,055 14,425 1,589 925 781 305 30 Gitlakdamix 24% 1975 28,483 20,079 2, 186 4,435 924 795 64 Kincolith 17% 1976 34,662 29,383 1, 730 2,066 881 494 108 Port Simpson 19% 5-year Kitwancool 4"1< average 21,435 16, 772 1,599 1,806 772 447 40 DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, NASS DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS --NASS ---Area 3 4:per Nass Greenville Greenville set net Chinook M:Jy - June 4 days/week n/a Band permit Issued to village, ...... "...... covering all members. Sock eye June - Aug. 5 days/week ...... lnclividuol permits to those .Pink...... Aug. - Sept...... •.2 days/week who request them • ChulJ\.Cohc Fall 5 days/week

Canyon City Canyon City set net -- same as Greenville -- n/a Same as Greenvi I le I I I I Aiyansh Gltlakdamix set net -- same as Greenville -- n/a Same as Greenville

Kitwancool Kitwancool set net Sock eye June -Aug. 5 days/week n/a Fishing sites are approximately 30 miles below Meziadin lake.

Summary Greenville set net Chinook M:Jy - June 4 days/week Greenville 40% Fishery takes place on Nass Canyon City ...... eeee•••••••••••• Canyon City 15% River. 83% of fish caught are June - Aug. 5 days/week Gitlakdamix .~~~~~~~ ...... ••••••••••••••o• Gitlakdamix 35% Sockeye. Kitwancool ...... Pink ...... Aug. - Sept...... 2 days/week Kitwancool 100,{, Chum, Fall 5 days/week Coho lower Nass Kincolith and Kincolith commercial Chinook May - June 1976: 91 boat days Kincolith 45% Kincolith fishes in tidal waters Port Simpson Port Simpson gillnet ...... oeeeeeeeeeeee ...... Port Simpson 55% of Nass estuary adjacent to Sock eye mid-June - 1-2 day fishery village; Port Simpson fishes Aug...... in tidal waters adjacent to the Pink ·············Aug. - Sept • 2 days/week mouths of Noss and Skeena ...... Rivers. Coho, after close of 4 days/week Chum commercial fishing season in Fall NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, SKEENA

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEElHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

SKEENA: Area 4 Lower Skeena ------, Lower Skeena 1972 10,871 7,732 718 1,691 157 508 65 Metlokatla I Division of catch (Chatham Sound) 1973 15,701 12,331 478 2,436 222 234 and members I among bonds not 1974 21,962 19,837 450 1,300 200 175 ofmanyNass/ I known 1975 14,450 12,000 500 1,500 250 200 Skeeno bonds I 1976 26,900 23,ooo 400 3,000 200 300 I I 5-yeor J ~~~=~~!l~----!~L~~~-----t~-~~------§2_?______!L~~~------~------_;!!J_:3______t~------J Terrace-lakelse Terrace 1972 8,500 5,500 300 2~000 250 250 200 Kalurn, Kitselas, Division of catch 1973 catch data not available and members of among bands not 1974 13,650 12,000 300 500 50 500 300 many other known :i:- 1975 catch data not available bands -...! 1976 catch data not available

Cedarvale 1972 1, 115 800 50 200 15 25 25 Kitwanga 1973 catch data not available 1974 1975 catch data not available 1976 catch data not available

Kitwanga 1972 3, 185 2,500 100 400 35 100 50 Kitwanga 1973 catch data not available 1974 4,825 4,000 200 400 25 100 100 1975 catch data not available 1976 catch data not available

Ki tseguecla 1972 5,235 4,000 200 800 35 100 100 Kitseguecla 1973 {;atch data not available 1974 9,250 8,000 300 400 50 300 200 1975 catch data not available 1976 catch data not available NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, SKEENA (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC KEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Terrace-Lakelse (cont'd) Hazelton 1972 3,675 2,500 150 700 25 175 125 Hazelton 1973 catch data not available 1974 10,500 9,000 400 500 100 300 200 1975 catch data not available 1976 catch data not available

Glen Vowell 1972 1,340 1,000 50 200 15 25 50 Glen Vowell 1973 catch data not available 1974 2,425 2,000 100 200 25 50 50 1975 catch data not available 1976 catch data not available

Kispiox 1972 2,900 2,000 150 .·500 25 100 125 Kispiox 1973 catch data not available 1974 6,000 5,000 200 50 250 250 250 :i:.i 1975 catch data not available 00 1976 catch data not available

Kitwancool 1972 1, 100 875 50 100 25 50 Kitwancool Nass watershed food 1973 fish shown elsewhere. 1974 1975 1976 catch data not availabfe

------,I Terrace-Lakelse Total 1972 27,150 19, 175 1,050 4,900 400 900 725 Kai um I 1973 42,500 35,000 1,100 4,000 300 1,500 600 Kitselas I 1974 46,800 40,000 1,500 2.,500 300 1,500 1,000 Kitwanga 13%1

1975 72,900 60,000 4,500 5,000 400 2,000 1,000 Kitseguecla 20%1I 1976 60,700 40,000 2,500 15,000 200 2,000 1,000 Hazelton 20%1 5-year - Glen Vowell 5%1 -~~~~~fl«:_ ____ ~LQ~Q _____~f!.~f!.~!?.. _____ !~l~P------~L~~Q------~~~-----1~.?.?P______~!?.. ______'5,~spi~~------L~~J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, SKEENA (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC KEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Babine-Morice Babine lake 1972 24,583 24,283 50 50 200 Babine lake 1973 19, 125 18,615 10 500 Bums lake 1974 13,689 13,619 50 10 10 1975 6,300 6, 170 65 50 15 1976 11, 109 11,095 1 13 5-year average 14,961 14, 757 35 115 15 40

Moricetown 1972 2,310 702 482 215 683 228 Morice town 1973 874 67 401 11 303 92 1974 1,224 322 181 39 581 101 1975 1, 211 59 226 47 826 53 1976 883 39 529 22 88 205 5-year average 1,300 238 364 66 496 136 :i>i Babine Fence 1972 Moricetown 45% \0 1973 2,918 1, 716 122 1,080 Babine lake 543 1974 8,783 8,709 74 Burns lake 1975 8,282 8, 127 19 133 3 Hagwilget 2% 1976 7,232 7,218 1 13 4-year average 6,804 6,443 35 325 ------i Babine-Morice Total 1972 26,893 24,985 532 215 733 428 Babine lake 803 1973 22,917 20,398 533 1,591 303 92 Burns lake 1974 23,686 22,640 231 123 591 101 Morice town 20% 1975 15,793 14,356 310 230 844 53 Hagwilget 1976 19,224 18,352 531 48 88 205 5-year ~~~~~~Q.~----~!L~Q~-----~~-L~ ______,j-!.!______~! ______:. ______§J.?______l,Z,~------~ NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, SKEENA (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

------iI Area 4 Total 1972 64,865 51,843 2,300 6,806 557 2, 141 1,218 I 1973 83, 118 69,729 2, 111 8,027 522 2,037 692 I I 1974 92,448 82,4n 2, 181 3,923 500 2,266 1, 101 I 1975 103, 109 85,955 5,245 6,680 650 3,526 1,053 I 1976 106,824 81,352 3,431 18,048 400 2,388 1,205 I 5-year I -~~~~

Area 5 ------, Grenville-Principe 1972 3,040 2,350 225 300 120 45 Kitkotla 80'% I 1973 2,203 1,741 92 134 216 20 Hartley Bay 20% I 1974 2, 127 1,672 165 100 165 25 I 1975 3,370 1, 750 200 1.,300 100 20 I 1976 1,610 1,000 5o 500 50 10 I 5-year · I average 2,470 1,703 146 467 130 24 - I ------J

SKEENA TOTAL 1972 67, 905 54,193 2,525 7, 106 677 2, 186 1,218 1973 85,321 71,470 2,203 8,161 738 2,057 692 1974 94,575 84,149 2,346 4,023 665 2,291 l, 101 1975 106,479 87,705 5,445 7,980 750 3,546 1,053 1976 108,434 82,352 3,481 18,548 450 2,398 1,205 5-year average 92,543 75,973 3,200 9,164 656 2,496 1,054 DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, SKEENA DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALIT'Y TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

SKEENA ---Area 4 lower Skeena commercial all species May - Sept. l day/week 1975: 120 permits not known Native people from all (Chatham Sound, etc.) gill nets during 1976: 230 permits parts of the North commercial participate. Over 100 boats. closure Bulk of effort is for Sock eye.

Terrace-Lakelse Kai um set net Steel head, April - late 2 clays/week 2 band permits not known Kalum band members fish Terrace Kitselas Chinook June from Terrace downstream to ...... tidal boundary. Sock eye ·············late June - 7 days/week Kitselas band members fish mid-August ...... from Terrace upstream to Pink mid-August- dosed legate Creek • Fall Members of other bands, ...... living at Terrace, fish as Coho Fall •··············2 days/week guests of Kalum and Kitselas bands Cedarvale Kitwanga set net Chinook May - late 2 days/week individual permits (near Kitwanga) ...... June ··············· Sock eye late June - 7 days/week ...... mid-August ...... Pink mid-August - 2 days/week ...... mid-September ...... Coho mid-September 7 days/week - October Kitwanga Kitwanga set net, all species -- same as Cedarvale -- band permit n/a Kitwanga band members fish several drift from legate Creek upstream nets to Andimaul Creek. Several drift nets are used because there are not enough suitable locations to accom- modate all permit-holders with set nets alone. Kitseguecla Kitseguecla set net all species -- same as Cedarvale -- band permit n/a Kitseguecla band members fish from Andimaul Creek I upstream to Burdi ck Creek. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, SKEENA (cont'd) DIVISION OF CATCH COMMENTS AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT I AMONG BANDS Area 4, Terrace-Lakeise(cont'd) Hazelton Hazelton set net all species -- same as Cedarvale -- 2 band permits not known Hagwilget I I Glen Vowell Glen Vowell set net all species -- same as Cedarvale -- n/a Glen Vowell band members fish from Burdick Creek I upstream to Babine River I Kispiox Kispiox set net all species -- same as Cedarvale individual permits n/a Kispiox band members fish from Aurdick Creek upstream to Babine River.

Kitwancool Kitwancool , n/a This band has not fished on Skeena since 1972.

Summary Kai um JO-fathom all species Kai um ) Fishing takes place on Kitselas set nets Kitselas ) 13% main stem of Skeena. Kitseguecla Kitwanga ) Throughout this area, bands Hazelton Kitseguecla 20% and individual families Glen Vowell Glen Vowell 5% maintain traditional rights Kispiox Kispiox 13% to specific fishing sites, Kitwancool 77% of fish caught are Sock eye Babine-Morice Babine Lake Babine Lake set net Sock eye Babine Lake approx. 3 days/ band permit Insignificant catches of Burns Lake Sockeye run week (Bobine Lake) other sped es.

Bobine-Fence Moricetown dip net from mainly Moricetown 45% No fishery in 1977. This Babine Lake enumeration Sock eye Babine Lake) S4o/c fishery may be discontinued. Burns Lake traps Burns Lake ) 0 Hagwilget Moricetown Moricetown set net, all species past practice was n/a Set net used from Suskwa dip net or except split-week fishery. River to just below Trout gaff Chum e.g. noon-noon Creek estuary. Dip net or Sun .-Mon., Tues. gaff used on Moricetown -Wed., Thurs.-Sat Falls. Area 5 ~reenville-Principe) Kitkatla plus commercial all species (example) band permit Food fishing takes place Principe Channel, west a few persons gillnet 3 days/week until before and after but not coast Banks Island, from Hartley mid-July during commercial season. Kitkatla Inlet, Petrel Bay Residents of this area also Channel, Ogden Channe participate in Lower. Skeena food fishery ~ NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, CENTRAL COAST

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

CENTRAL COAST : Area 6 ~tamaat 19n 4,250 150 600 1,000 2,000 350 150 Kitamaat 1973 2,400 200 400 100 1,500 200 1974 3,070 400 420 50 1,400 800 1975 6,550 3,000 500 400 1,200 1,300 150 1976 4,500 1,500 600 500 800 1,000 100 5-year average 4, 154 1,050 410 1,380 730 80

Hartley Bay 19n 2,050 300 600 500 500 100 50 Hartley Bay 1973 950 150 400 50 300 50 1974 2, 150 650 800 100 500 100 1975 3,950 2,000 1,000 50 800 100 1976 2,500 1,000 1,000 100 300 JOO 5-year average 2,320 820 760 160 480 90 10

Klemtu 19n 200 ,200 Kitasoo Count includes only 1973 300 200 50 50 (Klemtu) those Klemtu fish 1974 1,320 700 120 100 300 100 caught in Area 6. 1975 2,650 2,000 200 50 300 100 1976 1,450 l,000 300 50 50 50 5-year average 1, 184 820 124 50 140 50

Area 6 Total -1;:;;------~~;~------~~-----~~;~------1~~------;:;~------4~c,------~~------~~:::-~~;---s4-'*'l 1973 3, 650 550 800 200 1, 850 250 Hartley Bay 300,{, I

1974 6 540 1,750 1 '>AO 250 2 200 I 000 Kitasoo I I ,.,.. I I (Klemtu) 15%1 1975 13, 150 7,000 1,700 500 2,300 1,500 150 I I 1976 8,450 3,500 1,900 650 I, 150 1, 150 JOO I 15-year I l~Y~~~~-----Z~~~------~-~q______JL~!l!'------~Q ______~_QQQ. ______!l!.9______.J._q______J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, CENTRAL COAST (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS Area 7 ------, ---crullchuck, Howyete, 1972 11,550 4,000 200 200 7, 100 50 Bella Bella 85% Tinkey Rivers; 1973 9,225 7,000 75 150 2,000 Kitasoo Finlayson, Seaforth, 1974 10,300 4,000 200 100 6,000 (Klemtu) 15% Spi Iler Channels, 1975 8,241 5,318 639 266 2,018 Lama Passage 1976 6,458 3,500 250 150 2,500 50 8 5-year L~~!~~---~-~L!!~------~.z.~------~Z~______!Z~------~.?...~'t------~9------~------

Area 8 ------~------, ---s;11a Coolo­ 10-year avg. o _ 7,724 2,960 1,884 1,465 908 566 337 BellaCoolo90YoI Atnarko 1965 1975 1972 9, 175 1,600 3,000 1,700 2,300 425 150 ~~la B~lla 1973 7, 165 4,000 1,500 90 275 550 750 ate 0 1974 11, 840 3, 940 850 4, 700 1,430 570 350 1975 8,550 5,500 1,000 100 1,000 600 350 1976 7, 193 2, 184 2,514 647 871 570 407 5-year -~~!~~':..-----~LZ~ ______;_'!!~-----J~.?J~------!L11Z ______'!_,_~~------_§j_:3_____ ~_1_q_~------J

Area 9 .------, -whannock River I 1972 1, 175 850 150 100 25 50 Owikeno 1974: Catch was assumed to be the I::~! ~:::g ~::g :: ~: ~g ~ same as in 1973. I 1975 2, 750 2,400 100 200 50 (food fish catch data I 1976 1, 700 1, 126 330 120 104 20 were not obtained I 1s-year , that year) L~~!~~-:..-----~L!~!----~-t,-~~------J§2______~1 ____ ~ ___zq_~------~J------~------

Area 10 No Food Fishery

CENTRAL COAST TOTAL 1972 28,400 7, 100 4,550 3,400 12,000 950 400 1973 22,530 13,550 2,475 440 4,425 830 810 1974 31, 170 11,690 2,490 5,050 9,930 1,600 410 1975 32,691 20,218 3,439 866 5,518 2, 150 500 1976 23,801 10,310 4,994 1,567 4,625 1, 790 515 5-year average 27, 718 12,574 3,589 2,265 7,299 1,464 527 DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, CENTRAL COAST DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

CENTRAL COAST ---Area 6 Kitamaat Kitamaat tidal: set net all species tidal: Feb.- l day permits 1975: 110 permits n/a The tidal fishery is the more (max. length Sept. important one by far. Tidal 50 fathoms) ...... fishery conducted along non-tidal: 4 days/week 1975: 22 permits outside of Kitimot Arm from late Sept. - on rivers Kitamaat Village to Nov. •~!~s~.'!>: f':~C:~':1?~. •• •. • • • Non-tidal fishery conducted on Kildala River, Ke~no River, Dalo River, Foch River, Giltoyees River, Bish Creek, ond Ki ti ope River. Hartley Bay Hartley Bay short gill net all species inside: early inside: bond permit n/a Fishing inside commercial (max. length July - Oct. boundaries at Kitkiata Inlet, 50 fathoms) on Quall River, and in inside immediate vicinity of reserve, commercial by older persons and persons boundaries w lthout boats...... eeee111eeeoeeeoe•eee ...... , ...... purse seine ·········"···outside: outside: outside: Fishing outside commercial and closed periods one or two individual permits boundaries on Douglas commercial during day permits Channel and on Wright Sound. gillnet commercial Most of the Hartley Boy food outside season early fish are obtained outside commercial July - Sept. commercial boundaries. boundari~s Klem tu Kitosoo commercial mainly n/a Fishing d?ne at Ki tasoo Bay, (Klemtu) gill net early Laredo Inlet, Laredo Channel, Sock eye and Higgins Passage. and late Kitasoo band food fishery in Coho Area 7 waters is described under Area 7. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, CENTRAL COAST (cont'd) DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS ~EASONAUT'r TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS ---Area 6 (cont'd) Summary Kitamaat short gillnet all species inside: various 1972: 117 pennits Kitamaat 54% Hartley Bay or set net times 1973: 123 permits Hartley Bay 30% Kitasoo inside 1974: 118 pennits Kitasoo (Klemtu) commercial 1975: 60 permits (Klemtu) 15% ...... boundaries ...... 1976: 204 permits commercial outside: I day net gear fisheries outside commercial boundaries

Area 7 --- I Howyete River Bella Bella short gill net Sock eye June+ July n/a Permits issued to individuals. > (max. length ...... t-' Chum, late Aug. - O'\ 50 fathoms Pink late Nov. ape rated I from skiff Gullchuck Bella Bella short gillnet ~~~~~~ .. .~~·~·~'.Y... n/a Permits issued to individuals. Chum, late Aug. - Pink late Nov. Tinkey River Bella Bella short gi II net Sock eye n/a Permits issued to individuals.

Finlayson Channel Kitasoo Sock eye June+ July n/a Band permit issued for Sockeye (Mary Cove) (Kfemtu) ee••••e•.,•••• season (Kltasoo}. Another Pinks,········· late Aug. - bandpennitfor PinksandChums Chum late Nov. (Kitasoo). Individual permits for outside commercial boundaries. Seaforth Channel, Bella Bella purse seine Sock eye June - July n/a Outside commercial Spiller Channel, ...... boundaries • Chum late Aug. - Lama Passage late Nov. Summary Bella Bella short gi II net, Sock eye June+ July 4 days/week for 1976: 119 perm its - Bella Bella 85% Most important and favoured Kitsasoo commercial ...... short gi II nets; 63 for short gill net, Kitasoo method in Area 7 is the 50- Chum, late Aug. - (Klemtu) gear I or 2 day fishing 36 comm. gillnet, (Klemtu) 15% fathom short gillnet used inside Pink late Nov...... periods for 13 commercial seine commercial boundaries at river Coho, commercial gear mouths and operated from small Chinook skiffs. Commercial gear is used outside commercial boundaries during closed times. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, CENTRAL COAST (cont'd) DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS ---Area 8 Bel la Cool a - Atnarko Bella Coola drift net, all species March - Oct. 4 clays/week on 19n: 49 pennits Bella Coola 90% Most important fishery in Bella Bella some use of Bella Coola 1973: 48 permits Area 8, accounting for 90% Ulkatcho commercial River 1974: 51 permits of catch, is that conducted net gear 1975: 83 permits on lower 4 miles of Bella Coola River by drifting 20 fathom short nets from row- boats. Smoller fisheries using commercial gear during closed times are conducted at several locations by members "of both . Bella Coola and Bella Bella bands. Ulkatcho band members from Anahim lake fish on Atnarko River, at canoe crossing, and at Noasqulch. ---Area 9 Whannock River Owikeno Sock eye n/a 2 fishermen supply the require ments of the whole village. Some non-Sockeye species are caught incidentally. Area 10 No Food Fishery NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, JOHNSTONE STRAIT

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCK EYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

JOHNSTONE STRAIT: Area 11 Na Food Fishery n/a

Area 12 Johnstone Strait 1972 8, 109 2,225 591 1, 918 3,334 41 Nimpkish Division of catch among (upper half - including 1973 2,208 358 I, 171 659 20 Kwawkewlth bands not known. Double Bay) 1974 4,480 2,000 150 100 2,200 30 Mamalilikulla 1975 4,380 800 150 200 3,200 30 Tanakteuk 1976 5,675 1,600 150 l,700 2,200 25 Tumour Island 1976: 1200-1500 fish 5-year were taken by the Cape average 4,971 1,397 208 1,018 2,319 29 Mudge and Campbel I River bands. :i>i Nimpkish River 1972 4,680 I-' 4,680 Nimpkish 95% Decrease in catch in 1976 00 (mouth) 1973 6,419 4,859 1,560 Kwawkewlth 5% is due to poor returns. I 1974 6, 195 6, 110 55 30 1975 6,200 6,000 200 1976 2,200 2,200 5-year average 5, 139 4,770 II 358

Broughton Strait 1972 385 385 Nimpkish Division of catch among 1973 800 585 200 15 Kwawkewlth bands not known. 1974 3,046 687 60 250 2,024 25 Mamalilikulla 1975 4, 110 825 250 300 2,700 35 Tanakteuk 1976 1,505 600 190 700 15 Tumour Island 5-year average 1,969 539 100 110 1,202 18

MacKenzie River 1972 15 15 Kwawwawaineuk (near Hope town I • R.) 1973 1974 400 100 300 1975 600 300 300 1976 150 150 5-year average 233 113 120 NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, JOHNSTONE STRAIT (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Area 12 (cont'd) Kingcome River 1972 1,315 40 1,275 Tsawataineuk 1973 500 100 100 300 1974 100 100 1975 400 400 1976 514 160 350 4 5-year average 566 60 20 485

Viner River 1972 536 4 532 Kwicksutaineuk 1975: no permits issued, (Gilford Island) 1973 260 260 because of poor Chum 1974 160 160 returns 1975 1976 150 150 5-year average 221 220 ------, Area 12 Total 1972 15,040 6,920 635 1,918 5,526 41 Nimpkish 75% l 1973. 10, 187 5,802 100 1,271 2,979 35 Kwawkewlth 20% ! 1974 12,381 8,897 265 350 2,814 55 Others 5% I 1975 15,690 7,925 400 500 6,800 65 I 1976 10, 194 4,550 500 1, 700 3,400 44 ! 5-year I -~~~~~i:..----~~!2?~------~-l!.1J... ______~!l9------!~!iZ ______4.,_3_

Area 13 Johnstone Strait 1972 1,375 250 69 20 1,019 17 Cape Mudge (lower half) 1973 1,243 32 1, 197 13 Campbell River 1974 catch figures not available Comox 1975 catch figures not available 1976 catch figures not available 2-year average 1,309 125 51 JO I, 108 15

Discovery Passage 1972 735 420 102 32 159 22 Cape Mudge (Seymour Narrows to Cape 1973 803 188 4 589 22 Campbell River Mudge) 1974 catch figures not available Comox 1975 catch figures not available 1976 catch figures not available 2-year average 769 304 53 311 80 22 NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, JOHNSTONE STRAIT (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC KEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Area 13 (cont'd) Deepwater Bay 1972 3,710 97 3,612 1 Cape Mudge 1973 2,722 20 4 362 2,316 20 Campbell River 1974 catch figures not available Com ox 1975 catch figures not available 1976 catch figures not available 2-year average 3,216 10 51 181 2,964 11 ------i Area 13 Total 1972 5,820 670 268 52 4,790 40 Cape Mudge 50% 1973 4,798 208 40 951 3,543 55 Campbel I River 45% 1974 8, 198 708 309 215 6,940 26 Comox 3% 1975 11, 149 1, 995 1,013 2,313 5,656 172 Homalco 2% 1976 8,542 1,527 137 92 6,603 183 5-year :i:­ ·-~~~~~~-----ZtlQ! ______!,_

JOHNSTONE STRAIT TOTAL 1972 20,860 7,590 903 1,970 10,316 81 - 1973 14,985 6,010 140 2,222 6,522 90 l 1974 20,579 9,605 574 565 9,754 81 - 1975 26,839 9,920 1,413 2,813 12,456 237 - 1976 18,736 6,077 637 1, 792 10,003 227 - 5-year average 20,399 7,840 733 1,872 9,810 143 - DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, JOHNSTONE STRAIT

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS pEASONAl..ffi TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

JOHNSTONE STRAIT: Area 11 No Food Fishery

Area 12

.Johnstone Strait Nimpkish purse seine all five all year 1-2 day fisheries 20-25 seine boats not known (upper half - including Kwawkewlth & commercial species during commercial Double Bay) Mamalilikulla gill net (transient fishing closures Tanakteuk stocks) Tournour Island

Nimpkish River Nimpkish drag seine Sock eye late July - 3-4 weeks NimPkish 95%or (mouth) Kwawkewlth & purse seine (Nimpkish early August more ············ ...... River) ...... commercial Chum Oct. - Nov. 1-2 clay fisheries gillnet & (transient during commercial beach seine stocks) fishing closures

Broughton Strait Nimpkish purse seine all five all year 1-2 day fisheries 20-25 seine boats not l

MacKenzie River Kwawwawaineuk set net Sock eye !August unrestricted (near Hopetown 1.R.) ...... n/a Chum November

Kingcome River Tsawataineuk set net & Coho...... spring unrestricted 1975: 4 families n/a beach seine ...... 1976: 7 families Chum Oct. - Nov.

Viner River Kwicksutaineuk short set net Chum late fall unrestricted only one man fishe: n/a (Gilford Island) on regular ~asis

Summary Nimpklsh !Purse seine Sock eye July - Aug. 3-4 weeks 1972: 41 permits Nimpkish 75DA: Kwawkewlth & commercial (Nimpkish (Nimpkish River) 1973: 28 permits Kwawkewlth 20% Kwicksutaineuk gil Inet (tidal) River)...... 1974: 46 permits Others 5'J.t Tsawataineuk ...... 1975: Chum late fall 1-2 day fisheries 31 permits Kwawawaineuk ...... drag seine (transient 1976: 32 permits Tanakteuk during commercial & beach seine stocks to Mama Ii likulla fishing closures (estuarial) Fraser River Tournour Island ...... & moinland Cape Mudge set net streams) Campbell River (non-tidal) DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, JOHNSTONE STRAIT (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS Area 13 Johnstone Strait Cape Mudge purse seine Sock eye entirely 1-day 1976: 11 permits not known (lower half) Campbell River & commercial ...... -~'r.: -~~~=. fisheries during -- see Note (1) -- Chum Oct. - Nov. Com ox gillnet ...... commercial fishing closures • ?~~~r•• t!'~l': .5r.~!:~ ..... (mostly transient stocks)

Discovery Passage Cape Mudge purse seine Sock eye 1-day fisheries 1976: 11 permits not known (Seymour Narrows to Campbell River & commercial ...... -~'r.: -~~~=. during commercial -- see Note (2) -- Chum Oct. - Nov. Cape Mudge) Comox gillnet ...... fishing closures other three species ••••••••• t ••••••••••••• (mostly transient stocks)

Deepwater Bay Cape Mudge purse seine Pink July -Aug. I-day fisheries 1976: 23 permits not known Campbell River & commercial ...... during commercial -- see Note (3) -- Comox Chum Oct, - Nov. gillnet ...... eeeoeeeeeeeee fishing closures ...... other three ,...... species (mostly transient stocks)

Hyacinthe Creek, Homa Ico gaff & spear Chum I Oct. - Nov. not known one family n/a Open Bay Stream, (local stock) 1976: 1 permit or Surge Narrows, etc, Summary Cape Mudge purse seine Sockeye, July -Aug. 1-day fisheries 1972: 26 permits Cape Mudge 50% Campbell River & commercia Pink during commercial 1973: 23 permits Campbell River 45% Comox gill net ...... fishing closures 1974: 34 permits Comox 3% Chum Oct, - Nov. Homa Ico 1975: 53 permits Homalco 2% 1976: 70 permits -- see Note (4) -- Note (I) 1976: 8 permits for seine; 3 permits for gillnet Note (2) 1976: 7 permits for seine; 4 permits for gillnet Note (3) 1976: 20 permits for seine; 3 permits for gillnet Note (4) 1972: 16 permits for purse seine; 8 permits for gillnet; 2 permits for gaff (non-tidal) 1973: 18 permits for purse seine; 3 permits for gillnet; 2 permits for gaff (non-tidal) 1974: 26 permits for purse seine; 5 permits for gillnet; 2 permits for gaff (non-tidal~ I permit for troll 1975: 34 permits for purse seine; 11 permits for gillnet; 2 permits for gaff (non-tidal); 6 permits for troll 1976: 35 permits for purse seine; 12 permits for gillnet; 1 permit for gaff (non-tidal); 22 permits for troll NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, GEORGIA STRAIT

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

GEORGIA STRAIT: This table includes only those fish caught by the Qualicum Area 14 band (through the use of two llig Qualicum River 19n Qualicum seine boats operated by bond (adjacent to mouth of river) 1973 4,410 4,410 members}. The bond also 1974 14,500 14,500 receives from the Big Qualicum 1975 2,750 2,750 hatchery the .carcasses of fish 1976 9,273 9,273 used in the hatchery's "egg-take" 4-year program, and these fish are not average 7,733 7,733 included in this table. In 19n this amounted to 200 Chums and 450 Chinooks, in 1973 this amounted to 800 Chums, 200 Coho and 200 Chinook,· and in 1974 and 1975 this amounted to small numbers of Coho and Chinook. The Qualicum band distributes most of the Chums to 15 bonds local to the Georgia Strait area.

Puntledge River 19n 65 65 Comox fresh fish surplus to the needs (outside Comox haroour) 1973 329 329 of the Puntledge River hatchery 1974 catch figures not available are supplied to the Comox band • 1975 .catch figures not available The band does its actual fishing 1976 catch figures not available in Area 13. 2-year average 197 197 ------, Area 14 Total 19n 65 65 Qualicum 97% I 1976: a total of 6,258 Coho I 1973 4, 739 4, 739 Comox 3% I and Chinook, both fresh fish 1974 14,500 14,500 I and the carcasses of fish that 1975 2, 750 2, 750 I were stripped for their eggs, 1976 9,273 9,273 !were distributed by the Big 5-year I Quolicum and Puntledge River _!:!~=-~~-----~!..~~~------:______: ______: ______6.t_2_~~------=------=------J hatcheries to the Qualicum and Comox Indian bands. This figure is not included in the table. NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, GEORGIA STRAIT (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS r------.. Area 15 1972 1,641 132 5 1,320 184 Sliammon I 1973 1,562 50 1,400 100 12 I 1974 2,250 100 2,000 150 ! 1975 3,500 200 3,000 300 I 1976 1,200 50 1,000 70 I 5-year . I -~Y~~~-----~L~! ______:, _____ ~--l~------! ______°!J..!..~------1~------~------j ------~------1 Area 16 1972 228 --- 228 -- S.chelt 1 1974: Qualicum band distri- 1973 642 1 637 4 buted I, 800 Chums to Sechelt 1974 465 50 100 300 15 band. This figure is Included in 1975 685 60 200 400 25 Area 14 totals. 1976 126 27 5 55 28 11 1976: Qualicum band distri- 5-year buted about 2,500 Chums to L~Y~~~------~~~------~------§1 ______: ______~2_1______1§______~-~------Secheltband. This figure is included In Area 14 totals. r------1 Area 17 1972 5,055 300 4,675 80 Nanaimo 50%1 Qualicum band distributed 650 1973 5,500 400 4,800 300 Chemainus 15%! Chums to Area 17 bands in 1975, 1974 6,770 670 6,000 100 Penelakut 15%jand2,023ChumstoArea17 1975 1, 915 200 I, 700 15 Halah 15%1 bands in 1976 (50 to Nanaimo 1976 2, 700 800 I, 800 100 Nanoose 5%1 band, Nov. 12; 192 to Lacly- 1 5-year • I smith, Nov. 17; and705to . -~Y!::~~!:f:. _____ 1L~~------:.------~.?~------=------;J.?..!!______ll.?.. ______: ______J Chemalnus band, Nov. 28). In addition, 496 more Chums were distributed to the Chemalnus band, and 580 to the Halalt band. These figures are included in Area 14 totals.

Area ·19 1976 was the only year when the Cowichan River f~;;;------6~JSO------~------,~~~------;,-~-----~~-;:oo------~;~------~=~:~:--~~~i ~l~~t band food fished in (belvveenmouthofRiver 11973 5,700 1,500 2,200 2,000 Malahat 5%11 Qreal' • b dd't'bted600 • • ,! ua 1cum an 1s ri u and Island Highway bridge;; 1974 10,000 2,500 5,000 2,500 I Ch t C • h b d. · h B 1 19 900 A AOO 1 urns o ow1c an an in and Cow1c an ay 1 75 7, ~,ooo 2 ,~ 1, 500 1 1975 1 700 Ch · 1976 (1976) I 1976 7,000 1,000 3,500 2,500 I Th 'f", ~s '"c1ed. • 1 1 ese 1gures are rnc 1u m Cowichan Bay ' 5 -year 1 A 14 I I avera e 7 350 - 2 JOO - 3 220 2 000 30 l rea tota s. • L----~------L------:l.------:J------:1.------1 1976: Malahat band obtained 374 Chums, I Steelhead, and l Chinook from Cowichan Bay. Included in catch figures. NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, GEORGIA STRAIT (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Areas 19 and 20 Goldstream River 1972 300 300 Tsawout 35% (Goldstream Park area - 1973 l,250 1~250 Tseycum 35% from bridge over River to 1974 800 800 Tsartlip, spot one mile downstream) 1975 795 795 Palquachin, 1976 450 450 Songhees 30% 5-year average 719 719

San Juan River 1972 622 22 450 50 JOO Pacheenaht (mouth of north fork near 1973 900 650 150 100 Gordon River I. R.) 1974 1,800 1,260 180 360 1975 850 300 250 200 JOO 1976 330 300 30 5-year average 900 64 532 50 106 128 20

Sooke River, 1972 1,550 1,550 Becher Bay 60% Demaniel Creek, and 1973 2,000 2,000 Sooke 30% Stoney Creek (1) 1974 945 945 Songhees 10% (mouth of Demaniel ·Creek 1975 189 33 156 and Sooke Potholes Park 1976 358 19 339 area) 5-year average 1,000 10 998

------~I Areas 19 and 20 Total 1972 2,472 22 450 1,850 50 100 Pacheenaht 35% I 1973 4, 150 650 3,400 100 Becher Bay 20%. 1 1974 3,545 1,260 1,925 360 Tseycum 10% I 1975 J,834 333 250 1, 151 100 Tsawout 10% I 1976 1, 138 300 19 789 30 Sooke 10% I 5-year Tsartlip 5% I average 2, 628 64 543 50 1, 823 128 20 Palquach in 5% ! ·------~'?..'!.Q.~~i:_s____ §~J Note (1) 1972: Demaniel Creek: 850Chums Sooke River: 600 Chums Stoney Creek: 100 Chums 1973: Demaniel Creek: 2,000 Chums 1974: · Demaniel Creek: 145 Chums Sooke River: 780 Chums Stoney Creek: 80 Chums NATIVE 1NOIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, GEORGIA STRAIT (amt'd)

YEAR TOTAL SOCKfYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHIAD I.ANDS CoMMENTS

GEORGIA STRAIT TOTAL 1972 15, 611 22 2,382 5 11, 138 1,814 250 1973 22,218 - 2,600 - 17, 176 2,500 12 1974 37,530 so 4,630 - 29, 725 3, 125 - 1975 18,584 4,933 250 11,401 1,940 - 1976 21,437 '327"' 1,874 - 16,497 2,721 H 5-year overage 23,()1}1 92 3,284 51 17, 187 2,282 55 DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, GEORGIA STRAIT

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONAUn TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

GEORGIA STRAIT: Area 14 Puntledge River Comox purse seine Chum Nov. - Dec. 1-day fishery n/a Comox band members obtain the (outside Comox harbou~ (local run) bulk of their fish by purse seine in Area 13 waters.

Big Qualicum River Qualicum purse seine Chum Nov. - Dec. I-day fishing 1976 distribution of Qualicum band distributes chum (adjacent to mouth (local run periods chum to diff. bands: to 15 bands •. This provides predomin- Campbell River 230 high quality fish to many people River) (in 1976: antly) Comox 340 who would otherwise find it Nov. 12, Qualicum 408 difficult to get food fish, and 1,200 Chum Qua Ii cum Nanaimo 50 it reduces food fishing pressure· band Nov. 17, Ladysmith 192 on local streams. catches as 200 Chum Chemainus 1,201 much as Cowichan 1,700 Nov. 28, 10% of the Tsartlip 220 7,874 Chum) gross Pauquachin 180 escapement Hal alt 580 of this Clayoquot 200 stock. Squamish, Mt. Currie, Musqueam & Sechelt 3,768 Total =9,069 Area 15 Sliammon set net & Chinook June -Aug. 7 days/week 1972: 24 permits n/a blanket permit to band chief, ,, several ...... 1973: 29 permits individual permits issued by Coho Aug. - Oct. commercial ...... 1974: 25 permits band chief gill nets Chum Oct. - Nov. 1975: 22 permits (Malaspina ...... 1976: 21 permits local runs (set nets) , Fishing locations change from Inlet) transient stocks year to year, and include (commercial gear) Malaspina Inlet, Okeover Arm, Squirrel Cove and Sliammon I River. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, GEORGIA STRAIT (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES. EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Area 16 Sechelt short set nets 7 days/week 10-12 nets at Davis n/a fish taken at Davis Bay directly (100ft. max.) ~?~:~: .... ~'r.: .~~~= .. (Davis Bay, Bay or Trail Bay in front of village, or at Trail Chinook October & purse seine ...... Trail Bay) during peak periods Bay down the coast from Pender & commercial Chum, Oct. - Nov...... !DDDODDDDDDtlDDODDDG Horbour, by short set nets due to permit gill net Coho 1-day fishery ...... (Deserted Bay) problems there was fish taken from Deserted Bay or commercial (transient stocks mostly) during commer no seine fishing in Jervis Inlet by one chartered gear accounts cial fishing 1972 purse seine vessel, or by two for 95% of the ...... commercial gillnetters closures 50 permits per season catch

Area 17 Nanaimo beach seine Chinook October 2 days/week about 80 permits 1976: Nanaimo band members. fish Nanoose (Nanoimo (Nanaimo (non-tidal) issued each year, Chamalnus River, on Nanaimo River and in tidal Penelakut River) 90909000000000 one per family, with Holland Creek, waters off Nanoimo River I -day fisheries Chemainus ...... about 450 people Bonsell Creek: 40% •~~~~~~t!~~ Coho end of (tidal) Nanoose band members fish in Hal ah •D•••••••DDDDStuart Channel gillnet, troll (Chemainus - 3% (tidal waters). (tidal waters) (Nanoose - 2% Nate: tidal catch Halalt band members fish on usually accounts for Chemalnus River, Bonsall Creek, larger proportion and Holland Creek.

Area 18 Cow i chan River Cowichan spear, gaff, Chinook end 9f Aug.- 5 days/week, 1972: 69 permits 1972 - 1975: n/a 1976: Mafahat band arranged (between moutn of dip net Sept. 24 hours/day, 1973: 18 permits for two commercial gillnetters River and Island ...... Thursday - 1976: to food fish for the band in several set ...... Highway bridge) Chum, first week in Monday 1975: 28 permits Cowichan 95% Cowichan Bay. nets used by & Cowichan Bay Coho Oct. - mid- 1976: 30 permits Malahat 5% older people (1976) Dec. -- see Note (1) -- who can no ...... , ...... longer spear Steel head late Dec. - the fish late.March ...... ••••••••••••••••e•••••• ...... Malahat commercial Chum October 8-hour fishery 2 boats, 2 permits (1976) gillnet DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, GEORGIA STRAIT (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANOS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALIT'I TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS - Anos 19 and 20 Goldstream River Songhees unrestricted Chum November fisheries of information not Tsawout 35% (Goldstream Park area, Tsartllp (local run) several days in available Tseycum 35% from bridge over River Tsawout duration, Others 30% to spot one mile down- Palquachin depending upon stream) Tseycum conditions

San Juan River Pacheenaht set net Chum, Oct. - Nov. 3 days/week 4-5 nets throughout n/a decline in size of Chinook and (mouth of north fork (100 ft.max. Coho (the days are fishing season Coho stocks has led to closure of near Gordon River I .R. (local runs variable food fishery on San Juan· River depending upon comm. fishery)

Sooke River, Sooke gaff, spear Chum Oct. - Nov. 1-2 fisheries 6 permit holders Becher Bay 60% Demaniel Creek Becher Bay (local run) (often on week fishing at any one Sooke 30% . & Stoney Creek Songhees ends) time during peak Songhees 10% (mouth of Demaniel Cr. period and Sooke Potholes Park area) Summary Tseycum spear Chum, Oct. - Nov. 1972: 62 permits Pacheenaht 35% Tsawout & gaff Coho 1973: 103 permits Becher Bay 20% Palquachin & set net 1974: 61 permits Tseycum 10% Tsartlip Tsawout 10% Songhees Sooke 10% Sooke Tsartlip 5% Becher Bay Palquachin 5% Pacheenaht Songhees 5%

Note (I ) 1972: all individual permits, mainly to spear 1973: 1 band permit and 5 individual permits to spear, gaff, and dip net; 12 individual permits to set net 1974: information not available 1975: I band permit and lO individual permits to spear, gaff, and dip net; 17 individual permits to set net 1976: 1 band permit and 10 individual permits to spear, gaff, and dip net; 19 individual permits to set net NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, WEST COAST VANCOWER ISLAND

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC KEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

W~SI ~QASI VANCOWER ISLAND: Area 21 No Food fishery n/a

Area 22 Hobiton River (mouth) 1972 1,486 1,486 Nitinaht 1973 1,005 1,005 1974 1,368 l,368 1975 2,151 2, 151 1976 2,463 2,463 5-year average 1,695 l,695

:i::.i Nitinat River (mouth) 1972 120 120 Nitinaht w 1973 783 41 638 104 0 1974 1,413 1,413 1975 155 11 144 1976 236 86 125 25 5-year average 541 28 488 26 ------Area 22 Total 1972 1,606 1,486 120 Nitinaht 1973 1, 788 1,005 41 638 104 1974 2,781 1,368 1,413 1975 2,306 2, 151 11 144 1976 2,699 2,463 86 125 25 5-year -~Y~~~!l.l'... _____ ~L~~~~-----!_,-~~------~~------=------~l!_l!______~§------=------J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, WEST COAST VANCOUVER ISLAND (cont'd)

AREA YEAR ·TOTAL SOCK EYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Area 23 Somass River 1972 catch figures not available Opetchesaht 25% (lower tidal portion of River 1973 6,892 6,884 7 I Sheshaht 75% from Paper Mi II Dam dawn- 1974 4,726 4,650 28 22 26 stream to estuary) 1975 8,462 8,462 1976 10,550 10,420 00 50 4-year average 7,658 7,604 29 6 19

Henderson River (mouth) 1972 catch figures not available Uchucklesaht 1973 174 94 32 45 3 1974 1975 250 250 1976 170 100 60 10 4-year average J.49 111 8 27 3 ~ Division of catch among w Sarita Bay 1972 catch figures not avai Iable Sheshaht I-' (Numukamis Bay at mouth 1973 1,634 1,634 Ohiaht bands not known. of Sarita Inlet) 1974 2,000 ·2,000 Ucluelet 1975 1,000 1,000 Toquaht 1976 3,000 3,000 Uchucklesaht 4-year Opetchesaht average 1,909 1,909 ·------, Area 23 Total 1972 6,323 6,000 8 14 300 1 Sheshaht 60%1 I I 1 1973 8, 700 6, 978 39 1 I, 679 3 Opetchesaht 20%1 I 1974 6, 726 4,650 28 22 2,000 26 Others 200kl I 1975 9,712 8,712 1,000 I I 1976 13,120 10,s20 oo 3,060 60 ! 157~ I 1-~~~~~-----~L~~-~-~-_0-~------~l------~--l ______!t_~------l~------=------1

------,I Area 24 1972 8,269 1,259 704 1,215 4,416 675 Ahousaht 80-95% I 1973 5, 186 2,619 23 384 1,958 202 Clayoquot 5-20% ~ 1974 2,697 471 9 26 2, 180 11 I 1975 2,419 547 308 1,553 11 I 1976 4, 160 1,485 2,675 1 5-year f ·-~~~~~~-----~~~~ ______!,_2_!._~------~.Q?------~~~------~-~~~------1~9______: ______1 NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, WEST COAST VANCOLNER ISLAND (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Area 25 Owossitsa Creek and 1972 490 200 250 40 Nuchatlat 25% Park River 1973 460 400 60 Ehattesaht 75% 1974 600 600 1975 360 300 60 1976 135 100 35 5-year average 409 320 50 39

Gold River 1972 1,000 500 500 Mowachaht 1973 300 300 (Nootka) 1974 30 30 1975 150 150 1976 200 200 5-year average 336 236 100

------~------, Area 25 Total 1972 1,490 700 750 40 Nuchatlat 15%1 1972 catch is substantially 60 larger because chums were ~~;! :a : ~t=~to~. 1:1 caught by native people 1975 510 450 60 I themselves that year, 1976 335 300 35 I rather than being supplied I 5-year I to bands by test fishing by Fisher! es Dept., as in the •-~Y~~~------Z1~------~~------=------=------~~Q.------~~------=------J other ears. NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, WEST COAST VANCOUVER ISLAND (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Area 26 Tahsish Inlet 1972 250 250 Kyuquot 1973 30 30 1974 29 29 1975 86 1 85 1976 30 10 20 5-year average 85 2 83

Clanninick River, 1972 1,000 300 700 Kyuquot Chamiss Bay and 1973 400 100 300 Janzen lake 1974 930 200 730 1975 250 250 1976 740 400 340 5-year average 664 200 464

I·------~------~ I Area 26 Total I I 972 I, 250 300 700 250 Kyuquot 1 I 1973 430 100 300 30 I 1974 959 200 730 29 l 1975 336 I 250 85 I 1976 no 400 10 340 20 l 5-year I 1-~~~~~------Z1~------~q_q_------~------=------1.~------~------=------~ Area 27 No Food Fishery Quatsino

WEST COAST VANCOUVER ISLAND 1972 18,638 9,445 712 1,229 . 6,286 966 - TOTAL 1973 16,864 11,402 103 385 4,575 399 - 1974 13,593 7, 119 37 48 6,323 66 - 1975 15,283 11,860 320 - 2,947 156 - 1976 21,684 15, 168 176 - 6,200 140 - 5-year averaae 17,212 10,999 270 332 5,266 345 - DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, WEST COAST VANCOUVER ISLAND

. DIVISION I AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

WEST COAST VANCOUVER ISLAND: Area 21 No Food Fishery

Area 22 Hobiton River (mouth) Nitinaht small Sock eye May - early 2-3 days/week around 45 permits n/a fishing in Nitinat lake near set net (local run) June (depending on per year the mouth of the Hobiton (10 fathoms) size of run) River

Nitinat River (mouth) Nitinaht small Chum October 2 days/week around 5 permits n/a fishing in the tidal portion set net (local run) (2 weeks in per year of the mouth of the Nitinat (10 fathoms) duration) River

Summa!}'. Nitinaht small Sock eye May - early 2-3 days/week around 45 permits n/a set net (local run; June .~~r.~??~ (10 fathoms) ...... ············· • • • • .. • • •• Chum October 2 days/week around 5 permits (local run) per year

Area 23 Somass River Sheshaht drag seine Sock eye mid-June - drag seine: around 45 permits Sheshaht 75% band permit issued to each (lower tidal portion of River Opetchesaht & mid-August Sheshaht: per year Opetchesaht 25% band to drag seine (Sheshaht from Paper Mill Dam dawn- set net 2 mornings/week (set net) has twice cis much time stream to estuary) (I 0 fathoms) 6 am - 12 noon 2/3 to Sheshaht because it is a larger band) 1/3 to Opetchesaht Opetchesaht: ············••&••• individual permits issued to 1 morning/week 2 band permits use set nets - 6 am - 12 noon (drag seine) 1975-76: native requiremen ts ...... met by Sockeye catch, so no set net: applications for Chinook 2 days/week permits noon Sunday - noon Tuesday

Henderson River (mouth) Uchucklesaht set net Sock eye late Aug. - 3 days/week 10 permits per year n/a (15 fathoms) (local run) early Sept. Monday - Wed...... (July 12 - Chum October - August 11) (local run) November DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, WEST COAST VANCOUVER ISLAND (cont'd) DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS ~MONG BANDS Area 23 (cont'd) Sarita Bay Ohiaht purse seine Chum mid-October 1-day fishery 1 boat not known (Numukamis Bay at mouth Ucluelet (local run) ...... ~ . 1 permit issued of Sarita Inlet) Toquaht Uchucklesaht Sheshaht Opetchesaht

Summary Sheshaht drag seine Sock eye June - Sept. around 55 individual Sheshaht 60% Opetchesaht & .(~~~~~ !~~~ ...... permits, Opetchesaht 20% Uchucklesaht purse seine 2 band permits, and Others 20% Chum Oct. - Nov. Ohiaht & l boat permit per yea (local run) Ucluelet set net Toquaht

Area 24 Ahousaht drift net Megin lake 2 - 3 drift nets Ahousaht band fishes at (30 fathoms) ...... Sock eye May - June l seine net Shelter inlet, Millar & ...... 1 troller Channel, and Herbert Chum Sept. - Oct. drag seine Channel (local run) & oeeeoooo••• ...... troll er Chinook Jan. - Feb • ...... Clayoquot purse seine Kennedy 2 - 3 short set nets Clayoquot band fishes in & lake 2 seine boats (outside Cannery Bay and Tofino short set net Sock eye end of Aug. - Inlet ...... 1st...... wk.in Oct • Tofino ...... Chum October...... Chinook Jan...... - Feb...... intense 1-2 day 1973: 19 permits Ahousaht 80-95% fisheries, usually 1974: 12 permits Clayoquot 5-20% on Mondays or 1975: 44 pennits Tuesdays DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, WEST COAST VANCOUVER ISLAND (cont'd) DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONAUrY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS ~MONG BANDS Area 25 Owossitsa Creek and Nuchatlat hand seine Sock eye late May - 4-5 days/week 1-2 nets Ehattesaht 75°A Park River Ehattesaht early June Nuchatlat 25°A ...... ••ci••····· ...... troll er Chum Oct. - Dec. 3 days/week GCI00000000 ...... Chinook Jan. - Feb. Sept. - Oct.

Gold River Mowachaht set net Sock eye late June 4-5 days/week 2-3 nets n/a ...... ooeoooooooooo o•ooooeooeoooooo Chum Oct. - Dec. 3 days/week

Summary Mawachaht hand seine Chinook Jan. - Feb. 1972: 2 band permits Mowachaht 45°A Chum requirement1> were Ehattesaht troll er Sept. - Oct. 4 indiv .permits Ehattesaht 40°A supplied by test fishing Nuchatlat set net ...... ·······••&••• 1973: 3 band permits Nu chat lat 15°A from 1973 on , Sock eye late May - 2 indiv.permits late June . ., ...... OOll>ODOOOOOOOO 1974: 3 band permits Chum Oct. - Dec. no indiv .perm. 1975: 3 band permits 13 indiv.permits 1976: 3 band permits 22 indiv .permits

Area 26 Tahsish Inlet Kyuquot troll er Chinook Sept. - Oct. 3 days/week 4 trollers n/a Coho arrive in late fall, but are not exploited " because of poor weather conditions, and because band usually has satisfied its requirements for salmon by that time

Clanninick River, Kyuquot commercial Sock eye early June - 4-5 days/week not known n/a Chamiss Bay and gill net early July Janzen Lake ...... Chum Oct. - Dec. 3 days/week

Summary Kyuquot commercial Sock eye early June - 4-5 days/week 1972: 35 permits n/a gill net ...... early July ...... 1973: JO permits & ·············· 1974: Chinook Sept. - Oct. 3 days/week 7 permits troll er ...... 1975: 12 permits Chum Oct. - Dec. 1976: 17 permits

Area 27 No Food Fishery NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, LOWER FRASER

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO . PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

LOWER FRASER: Area 28 r------Squamish River 1972 4,041 1,379 2,112 547 3 Squamish (all reserves) 1973 4,400 2, 100 700 900 500 200 1974 5,505 2,870 2,250 360 25 1975 6,850 3,050 1,300 2,000 500 1976 10,800 3,050 7,400 350 5-year L-~~!~~~-----~L~!~------=------~Lj2!J______1QQ ______~..?._3_~ ______j§]______~------...I

Area 29, A, B, C Steves ton 1972 879 734 2 136 5 2 Musqueam 75-80% 1973 1,657 1,343 122 174 9 9 Tsawwassen 15-20% ::r:i w 1974 2,218 2,068 2 132 12 4 Squamish 0-10% -...) 1975 3,314 2,875 4 429 3 2 (Capilano) 1976 1,490 1,069 10 306 99 6 5-year average 1,912 1,618 4 25 235 26 5

Vancouver 1972 650 400 250 Squamish 1973 650 400 250 (Capilano and Burrard) 1974 J, 100 850 250 1975 I, JOO 850 250 1976 2, 117 2, 117 5-year average 1, 123 923 200 r------1 Area 29 A, B, C Total 1972 1,529 734 402 386 5 2 Musqueam 50% I 1973 2,307 1,343 400 122 424 9 9 Squamish 45% ! 1974 3, 318 2, 068 852 382 12 4 Tsawwassen 10% I 1975 4,414 2, 875 854 679 3 2 I 1976 3, 607 1, 069 2, 127 306 99 6 l I 5-year l --~~=~~!l_«=:______~L~~------!_,-~~l!______J±.?______~~------"t_=!_~------±§______~------J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHI NOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Area 29D New Westminster 1972 1,295 560 440 225 60 10 Coquitlam 30% to Pitt River 1973 1,321 416 263 564 48 30 Katz:ie 70% 1974 catch figures not available 1975 catch figures not available 1976 catch figures not available 2-year average 1,308 488 352 395 20

Pitt River to Haney 1972 3,781 1, 751 950 920 150 10 Katz le 90-95% 1973 4,948 1,659 1,055 800 1,256 140 38 Langley 5% 1974 catch figures not available Semiahmoo 0-5% 1975 catch figures not available 1976 catch figures not available 2-year average 4,365 1,705 1,003 400 1,088 145 24 ):I w 00 Haney to Whonnock 1972 1,595 780 420 300 90 Langley 65-80% 5 I 1973 2,764 829 526 500 728 128 53 Kat.tie 20-25% 1974 catch figures not available Semiahmoo 0-10% 1975 catch figures not available 1976 catch figures not available 2-year average 2, 180 806 473 250 514 109 29 r------, Area 29 D Total I 1972 6,671 3,091 1,810 - 1,445 300 25 Katzie 68% I I · I 1 1973 9,063 2,903 1,844 1,300 2,589 306 121 Langley 25% I ! 1974 20,329 7,232 7,5~3 5, 118 341 125 Coquitlam 5% I I 1975 8,427 4, 150 1,662 875 940 674 126 Semiahmoo 2% I I 1976 20, 668 14, 964 2, 010 2, 198 688 8 I I I : 5-year I l-~~~~aJl.~----!~~~~------~-1.~-----~Ll3~------~~~------2J_1.~l!_------~~3------~!------J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCK EYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

East Fraser Vallei Mission Cily to Hope 1972 30,415 18, 125 4, 115 3,050 4,375 750 Chehalis 30% (north side of Fraser River) 1973 37,260 18,895 3,515 7,670 3,635 3, 180 365 Katz (Hope) 15% 1974 53,380 34,650 8, 150 5,200 4,650 730 lakahamen 10% 1975 74, 111 33, 100 8,960 18, 770 3,565 9,099 617 Scowlitz 20% 1976 50,455 25,580 11,005 8,750 4,620 500 Seabird Island 20% 5-year Skawahlook 5% average 49,124 26,070 7, 149 5,288 4,840 5, 185 592

Mission Clly to 1972 7,950 4,200 1,800 600 1,200 150 Sumas 500,b Sumas River 1973 15,700 6,500 2,300 4,500 - 1,400 800 200 Matsqul 25% (south side of Fraser River) 1974 14,900 9,000 2,500 1,800 1,200 400 small effort from 1975 12,925 6,200 1, 100 3,600 600 1,200 225 several other 1976 9,720 4,500 2,400 1,300 1,200 320 bands 25% 5-year ;i:,o average 12,239 6,080 2,020 1,620 I, 140 I, 120 259 w U) Sumas River to Hope 1972 19,495 13,290 2,935 675 2,364 231 Aitchelitz Yakweakwioose (south side of Fraser River) 1973 25,915 8,560 3,500 10,290 t,815 1,495 255 Skway Kwaw-Kwaw-a-Pilt 1974 39,744 30,275 4,145 4 1,850 3,304 166 Skulkayn Hope 1975 36,485 23,035 1, 911 7,467 860 2,942 270 Soowahlie Cheam 1976 25, 179 15,527 3,655 1,605 3,951 441 Skwah Popkum 5-year Squlala Peters average 29,364 18, 137 3,229 3,552 1,361 2,811 273 Tzeachten Ohamil

------~------,I East Fraser Valle~ 1972 57,860 35,615 8,850 4,325 7,939 1, 131 lakahamen Tzeachten I I I Total 1973 78,875 33;955 9,315 22,460 6,850 5,475 820 Sumas Yakweakw ioose I 1974 108,024 73,925 14,795 4 8,850 9, 154 J,296 Matsqui Kwaw-Kwaw-a-Pilt l I 1975 123,521 . 62,335 11, 971 29,837 5,025 13,241 i, 112 Chehalis Hope I I 1976 85,354 45,607 17,060 11,655 9,nt 1,261 Scowlitz Cheam I I 5-year Aitchelitz Popkum I I average 90,727 50,287 12,398 10,460 7,341 9, 116 l, 124 Skway Skwahlook I I Skulkayn Seabird island I I I Soowahlie Peters I I Skwah Ohamil I ------~uJ~!~------l NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS lower Fraser Canl:'.on Hope to Williams Creek 1972 37,345 23,065 7,885 395 5, 100 900 Vale 1973 64,435 30,205 4, 160 25,350 I, 170 3, 100 450 Union Bar 1974 62, 154 49,900 4,860 I 1,280 5,639 474 most of the East Fraser 1975 se,2n 41,735 2,813 8, 125 434 4,805 365 Valley bands 1976 70,894 59,026 5, 150 I, 189 4,888 641 5-year average 58,621 40,786 4,974 6,695 894 4,706 566

Petch Creek to 1972 1,676 1,500 100 50 26 Baston Bar Boston Bar 1973 4,985 2,000 200 2,500 225 60 Col~ater 1974 . 2,300 2,000 50 200 50 1975 4,050 i,500 100 1,000 400 50 1976 3,400 2,800 60 480 60 5-year average 3,282 2, 160 102 700 271 49 r------, lower Fraser Canl:'.on 1972 39,021 24,565 7,985 - 395 5, 150 926 Ya~e I Total 1973 69,420 32,205 4,360 27,850 I, 170 3,325 510 Union Bar I 1974 64,454 51,900 4,910 I 1,280 5,839 524 Boston Bar I 1975 62,327 44,235 2,913 9, 125 434 5,205 415 Col~ater I 1976 74,294 61,826 5,210 I, 189 5,368 701 most of the East Frase"!I 5··year Valley bands I --~~=~~~----~!~~~-----1_~_?-1_~-----§~P!§______lL~~------~'!______j~J.??______~!~------j ------~------, lillooet lake and River 1972 5,410 4,285 1, 125 Mount Currie 90% I 1972: 3,835 Sockeye 1973 4,450 4,075 300 75 Skookumchuck I caught by Mount Currie 1974 12,510 · 11,550 860 JOO and Douglas 10% I band. 450 Sock eye 1975 9;550 6,450 3,000 JOO l caught by Skookumchuck 1976 9,530 7,500 2,000 30 I and Douglas bands. I 5-year I 1973: 3,500 Sockeye L-~~=~a~------~L~~Q------~-~~-----l~j§.?______: ______:______§J ______: ______J caught by Mount Currie band. 575 Sockeye caught by Skookumchuck and Douglas bands. 1973-1974: increase in reported catch is mainly due to improved super­ vision of food fishery by Fisheries atrolmen. NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

LOWER FRASER 1972 114,532 68,290 21,551 - 8,663 13,941 2,087 TOTAL 1973 167,940 73,906 18,319 52,432 11,933 9,690 1,660 1974 214, 140 146,675 31,800 5 17,880 15,806 1,974 1975 215,089 120,045 23,450 41, 138 9,078 19,723 1,655 1976 204,253 130,966 32,257 - 22,748 16,306 1,976 5-year averai;e 183, 191 107,976 25,475 18, 715 14,060 15,093 1,870 DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, LOWER FRASER

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

LOWER FRASER Area 28 Squamish River Squamish set net Chinook August 2 days/week 22-25 set nets at any n/a Chinook and Coho are caught in (between Mamquam (all reserves) (20 fathoms • • O e e • 9 0 0 0 0 0 II ...... Saturday - one time during peak Squamish River; Chum and Pink Pink Augtist River and Ashlu Creek max.) Sunday, periods; are caught in local streams. (every second 24 hours/day 14 set nets per day Fishing is restricted to 2 days per on the average ...... r~~~·-····· July 1 - week during the summer, In order Coho Sept. 15 normally...... o ..... ~!!!: .-. ~~~: to protect the Chinook run • Ch~ Oct. - Nov...... 4 days/week Fishing is on week ends. in order to Steel head December Friday - accommodate longshorell')en who (local run) Monday, work during the week. 24 hours/day Sept. 16 - end of season

Area 29 A, B, c Steveston Tsawwassen drift net Coho end of July - 1-doy fisheries 1972: 4 permits Musqueam 75-SOo/c Musqueam (200 fathom! early Aug. normally, duri~ 1973: 6 permits Tsawwassen 15-20o/c Squamish max.) ...... commercial 1974: 4 permits Squamish Sock eye July - Sept. (Capilano) ...... fishing closures 1975: 4 permits (Capilano) 0-100/c ..Pink ...... ~~9.·. ~-~~ .. 1976: 10 permits ·····Chum ...... Sept...... - Dec • Chinook Spring (Red) ...... fall (White) Steel head all year

Vancouver Squamish gaff Coho Sept. - Nov. 7 days/week not known n/a Coho surplus to the requirements (Capilano) (Capilano of the Capilano hatchery are River) provided to the Capilano Indians, ...... and in years when the returns are (Burrard) drift net Chum Oct. - Nov. strong the Indians are allowed to (Indian fish for themselves. River) . DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

DIV ISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Area 29D New Westminster Coquitlam approx. 200A. of all Coquitlam 30";!, to Pitt River Katzie Area 29D permits l

Pitt River to Katzie approx. 55% of l

Haney to Langley approx. 25% of Langley 65-SO"A Langley fishes as far downstream as Whonnock Katzie permits Katzie 20-25"A Port Kells. Semiahmoo Semiahmoo /0-5%

Summary Katzie set net Coho end of July - 3 days/week 1972: 32 permits Katz le 68% off-reserve Indians living in Langley early Aug. 6 p.m. Monday '1973: 44 permits Langley 25% Vancouver who want to food fish Coquitlam ••••1101111ooeo ...... - 6 p.m. Thurs. 1974: 58 permits C0quitlam 5% are encouraged to take out permits Sock eye ". Semiahmoo ...... 1975: 57 permits Semiahmoo 2% in this Area...... !~!~ .~ ~~P!: . I -2 days/week Pink 1976: 60 permits ...... ~.~ ·. :-. ~~~~ ·. during Early ...... Before 1975, permits were issued Chum Sept. - Dec. Stuart Sockeye there are about 12 after completion of the Sockeye ...... o. run in early run, but this changed in 1975, Chinook Spring (Red) nets on average July due to an increased interest by Fall (White) fished each day of ...... oooooooooeoooo the permitted time native peaple in fishing for Sockeye. Steel head all year Semiohmoo band does not fish in the vicinity of their reserve due to lack of fish, so they hove arranged with the Katzie and Langley bands to fish near the Katzie reserve one year and near the Langley reserve the next year. Six families fish, and take between 200 and 300 pieces each year. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS iSEASONALIT'i TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

East Fraser Valle~ Mission City to Chehalis set net Steel head Dec. - Feb. 3 days/week 1972: 166 permits Chehalis 30% Chehalis band fishes on the Hope Katz (IO fathoms ············· oooeoeo••aoe 1973: 166 permits Katz (Hope) 15% Chinook Morch - end below Mission Harrison River and at the confluence (north side of Fraser lakahamen max.) 1974: 201 permits Skawahlook 5% of October Bridge: 6p.m. of the Harrison and Fraser Rivers • River) Scowlitz 1975: 219 permits Lakahamen 10% Monday - Katz and Skawahlook bands fish in Seabird Island (North June -Aug. 1976: 213 permits Scowlitz 200-k 6 p.m. Thursda· ...... ,. ••• 0 ...... Skow ah look Thompson run) the Ruby Creek area in the vicinity below Mission Seabird Island 200-k above Mission of their reserves. (Harrison run) late Oct. Bridge: 5-7 nets • " ...... 0. oeooooeoo•o• Bridge: 6 p.m. usually, 20 nets Lakahamen band fishes between Sock eye mid-June - Thursday - during peak periods Mission City and Deroche. . October 6 p .m. Sunday (Early Stuart) late June - above Mission Scowlitz band fishes at the early July Bridge: 40-50 nets confluence of the Harrison and Fraser Rivers. (Late Stuart) July usually, 65+ nets (Stellako, July - early during 2-3 weeks Seabird Island band fishes in the Quesnel, Aug. peak period for general· vicinity of the reserve, Horsefly, Sockeye. Chilko) (Weaver Creek Aug. - Sept...... (Adams River) October...... Pink Sept. 1 - Oct. (every second year) ...... <11••••• ·········"""""Coho Sept. - Nov • ...... •••••o••••••• -Chum Oct. - Dec. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA • BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALIT'r TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

East Fraser Valley (cont'd) Mission City to Aitchelitz set net Sock eye late June - 3 days/week 1972: 201 permits not known 1972: lof Permits ' Hope Matsqui restricte• early Oct. 6 p.m. Thursday 1973: 207 permits Mission to Sumas River 15 (south side of Fraser Sumas to 10 - 6 p.m. Sunda)' 1974: 220 permits Sumas River to Hope 91 (Early Stuart) early July River) Skway fathoms) 1975: 246 permits Hope to Williams Creek 85 special wind- and Fraser Canyon Skulkayn (late Stuart) late July 1976: 272 permits Petch Creek to Boston Bar 10 drying permits 000000000000000000 from Hope to Soowahlie 1973: (other Fraser late July - (7 in 1976) fishing effort usually Boston Bar Skwah Mission to Sumas River 17 runs) August permit 7 days/ declines markedly at Squiala Sumas River to Hope 98 week the end of the Tzeachten WAdams lake) early Oct. Popkum OOOlllGOOOOOOOO ...... for 2-3 weeks are fishing at one Mission to Sumas River 16 Peters Pink Sept. - Oct. in the Fraser time during peak Sumas River to Hope 109 Oh am ii ...... 000000000••• Canyon, where Hope to Williams Creek 86 Coho Sept. - Nov. ~:~i?~~ ...... Yakweakw ioose ooooaoeeoooo wind-drying is Petch Creek to Boston Bar 9 ...... a certain number of Kwaw-kwaw-a-pi Chum Oct. - Nov. still carried on 1975: ., permits (22 in 1975) Union Bar ...... OOOOOO••••O• by several Mission to Sumas River 20 Chinook all year to fish in the Fraser Yale elderly women) Sumas River to Hope 121 (heaviest in Canyon are issued Hope to Williams Creek 95 August) each year to Mission Petch Creek to Boston Bar 10 •o••••······· •••••••••o•o Harrison Indians Steel head Dec. - Feb. •••••O••·········· 1976: fishing effort in Mission to Sumas River 22 Fraser Canyon is Sumas River to Hope 133 heavy during peak Hope to Williams Creek 107 Sockeye periods, Petch Creek to Boston Bar 10 light at other times, . whereas effort is steadier in the Fraser Valley DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, LOWER FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

East Fraser Valley (cont'd) Lillooet Lake and Lillooet Lake: set net Chinook May (2 weeks) 7 days/week Lillooet Lake: Mount Currie 95% Food fish quotas for Lillooet Lake Lillooet River Mount Currie (20 fathoms ...... 14 set nets at anyone Skaakumchuck are presently 14, 000 Sockeye, Sock············ eye first 2-3 weeks max.) time during peak and Douglas 5% 3,000 Coho, and 25 Chinook (to in September ...... periods, 2 nets duri~ be provided to elderly people in Caho············ last week in early part of year, band where possible). September 6-14 nets during mast of year, 2-3 nets at Allocations of Salman by species end of season ta Mount Currie band from local ...... stacks have been negotiated between 1972: 61 permits band and Fisheries Department 1973: I band permit since 1975. 1974: 1 band permit Mount Currie band fishes primarily 1975: 1 band permit at the mouth of Birkenhead River 1976: I band permit ...... eeeeeeeeeeecoee ...... at the upper end of Lillaaet Lake • Li II aaet River: short set Chinook May ·7·~;;~~k· Lillaoet River: The band also fishes a bit at the Skoakumchuck net 6 nets out during mouth of the Lillaoet River, and Sack············ eye ·············Aug. - Sept. and Douglas (4-5 fathoms ...... peak periods has access to Fraser River Sockeye Coho ·············September ...... at Lillaoet. 1972: ? . 1973: 3 permits Skoakumchuck band fishes a 5-6 1974: 9 permits mile stretch of the Lillooet River 1975: ? about half-way between the mouth 1976: 15 permits of the Lillaoet River and Lillooet Lake. Douglas band fishes the lower reaches of the Li llooet River. NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCK EYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

INTERIOR FRASER:

Fraser River - Li llooet North Bend to Lytton 1972 10,815 9,260 625 685 245 Lytton Coldwater 1973 14,920 13,050 550 490 710 120 Siska Upper Nicola 1974 19,500 18,075 475 800 150 Boothroyd lower Nicola 1975 28,820 26,900 425 520 845 130 Kanaka Bar other outside 1976 16,230 15,500 200 450 80 Skuppah bands 5-year Seabird Island average 18,057 16,557 455 202 698 145

Lytton to Lillooet 1972 4,735 4,450 50 205 30 Lytton Kam loops 1976: reduced Highway Bridge 1973 5,845 5,000 50 550 215 30 Cayoose Creek Neskainlith catch· was due to 1974 8,420 7,875 315 205 25 Anderson lake North Thompson high water levels 1975 9,915 8,900 380 380 215 40 Mount Currie lower Nicola which caused 1976 7,650 7,300 125 205 20 Coldwater other outside many fishing rocks :J;:. 5-year Upper Nicola bands to be underwater -.J average 7,313 6,705 184 186 209 29 until the end of August.

Lillooet Highway 1972 24,440 23,975 425 40 Bridge River Canoe Creek 1976: reduced Bridge to Churn Creek 1973 27, 855 27,225 155 455 20 Fountain Alkali loke catch was clue 1974 28,825 28,400 405 20 Pavilion Clinton to high water 1975 37, 195 35,675 125 1,325 70 Lillooet Bonaparte levels. 1976 25, 745 24,700 1,025 20 High Bar Chilcotin bands 5-year Dog Creek occasionally average 28,812 27, 995 56 727 34

------1I Fraser River - Lillooet 1972 39,990 37,685 675 1,315 315 Adams loke Kam loops Oregon Jock I I I Total 1973 48,620 - 45,275 600 1, 195 1,380 170 Anderson lake Kanaka Bar Pavilion I I 1974 56, 745 54,350 790 1,410 195 Bonaparte liliooet Penticton I I 1975 75,930 71,475 805 1,025 2,385 240 Boothroyd little Shuswap Salmon Ann I I 1976 49,625 47,500 325 1,680 120 lower Nicola Seton lake I Bridge River I 5-year Canoe Creek Lytton Siska average 54, 182 51,257 639 444 1,634 208 Cayoose Creek Mount Currie Skuppah Clinton Muskeg lake Upper Nicola Coldwater Neskainlith Upper Similka- I I Cook's Ferry Nicomen meen I I I Deadman's Creek Nooaitch Seobird Island I I Fountain North Thompson Masset L------~~!l.'!.~~!------~~~~2~~------I~~eJl!~P~-S'.!:~~~J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCK EYE COHO .PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Ch ii cot in Farwell Canyon to 1972 15,665 15,400 265 Ana ham bands listed in order of food Siwash Bridge 1973 1,695 1,495 200 Alexis Creek fish catch, from largest to (Chilcotin River) 1974 5,781 5,506 275 Toosey smallest. 1975 19,069 18,769 300 Redstone 1976: large increase in catch 1976 39,917 39,466 451 Stone is due to record run of Sockeye 5-year (i.e., Chilco runh 63% of average 16,425 16, 127 298 Sockeye catch was taken in Farwell Canyon, at rate of 2, 000 per day during peak periocl.

Keighley Holes to 1972 2,035 2,000 35 Anaham bands listed in order. of food Henry's Crossing 1973 250 200 50 Alexis Creek fish catch, from largest to (Chilko River) 1974 1,450 1,350 100 Redstone smallest. 1975 5,537 5,412 125 Nemaiah Valley 1976 4,412 4,357 55 5-year average 2,737 2,664 73 ,------, Chilcotin Total I 1972 17,700 17,400 - - - 300 - Anaham I 1975: 4.4% of gross ! 1973 1, 945 1, 695 250 Alexis Creek ! escapement of Sock eye. t 1974 7,231 6,856 375 Toosey I 1976: 7. 9% of gross 1975 24, 606 24, 181 425 Redstone I I escapement of Sockeye. I 1976 44,329 43,823 506 Stone l I 5-year Nomaiah Valley I I I L-~~~~~~----!~L!~~-----~~.z?..,~ ______.::______: ______:, ______~?] ______: ______J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO . PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Upper Fraser Churn Creek to 1972 4, 100 3,950 150 Williams Lake Canoe Creek bands listed in order Quesnel 1973 8,850 8,700 150 Soda Creek Nazko of food fish catch, 1974 4,030 3,905 125 Toosey Kluskus from largest to smallest. 1975 10,575 10, 375 50 150 Alexandria Ulkatcho 1976 8,701 8,565 136 Alkali lake Canim lake 5-year Churn Creek Quesnel average 7,251 7,099 10 142 Dag Creek Anaham

Shelley 1972 190 172 18 Fort George .1973 459 445 14 1974 237 220 17 1975 530 500 30 1976 512 480 32 5-year average 385 363 22

Prince George 1972 82 78 4 Necoslie off-reserve Indians 1973 292 290 2 Stoney Creek living in Prince 1974 151 146 5 (off-reserve) George from many 1975 205 200 5 other bands fish at 1976 164 160 4 Prince George, from 5-year places as far away as average 179 175 4 Lillooet. r------1 1972 4,372 4,200 172 Williams lake Kluskus Upper Fraser Total I lI I 1973 9, 601 9 ,435 166 Soda Creek Ulkatcho I I 1974 4,418 4,271 147 Toosey Canim Lake I

I 1975 11,310 R 11,075 _, 50 185 Alexandria Quesnel \ I I I 1976 9,377 9,205 -. 172 Alkali Lake Anaham I I 5-year Churn Creek Fort George I I average 7, 816 7, 637 10 169 Dag Creek Foct St. Jame~ I I I Canoe Creek Stoney Creek I L------~~.?------~ NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC I< EYE COHO . PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Nechako Nautley Reserve 1972 2,145 2,141 4 Fraser lake These figures Include the 1973 3,345 3,341 4 catch of one family from the 1974 3,509 3,509 4 lefac Reserve, but do not 1975 4,614 4,602 12 Include the catch of seven 1976 3,624 3,613 11 famllles from the Stoney 5-year Creek Reserve • average 3,447 3,440 7

Stella Reserve 1972 I, 107 1, 107 Stellaquo 1973 929 929 1974 558 558 1975 1,383 1,381 2 1976 1,009 1,088 I 5-year average 1,013 1,012 :. >IJl Stoney Creek Reserve 1972 634 632 2 Stoney Creek 1972: 326 Sackeye caught 0 1973 534 530 4 at Nautley Reserve on Fraser I 1974 212 210 2 lake, 306 Sockeye, 2 Chinook 1975 320 320 cciught on Nechako River. 1976 970 965 5 1976: 740 Sackeye, I Chinook 5-year caught at Nautley Reserve on average 534 531 3 Fraser Lake, 225 Sockeye, 4 Chinook caught on Nechako River.• Nadina River 1972 33 33 Omlneca 1973 80 80 1974 55 55 1975 100 100 1976 5-year average 54 54

Grassy Plains 1975 200 200 Omlneca there are no records of any 1976 36 36 food fishing at Grassy Plains 2-year In 1972, 1973, and 1974. average 118 118 NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS r------Nechako Total 1972 3, 919 3, 913 6 Fraser Lake 68% 1973 4, 888 4, 880 8 Stellaqoo 20% 1974 4,334 4,328 6 Stoney Plain 10% 1975 6,617 6,603 14 Omlneca 2% 1976 5, 719 5, 702 17 5-year '--~~-----~L~~------~-~------=------=------:. ______j_!)______: ______~

Stuart Lake Fort St. James 1972 653 650 3 Necoslie (Necoslie Reserve) 1973 6,638 6,631 7 1974 I, 722 I, 715 7 1975 2,359 2,349 10 :r:i 1976 lJ1 950 946 4 f-' 5-year average 2,464 2,458 6

Pinchi Reserve 2 1972 39 37 2 Stuart-Trembleur 1973 790 790 1974 175 175 1975 252 252 1976 100 JOO 5-year average 271 271

Tachi Reserves 1972 425 424 1 Stuart-Trembleur 1 and IA 1973 6,382 6,380 2 1974 1,739 1,736 3 1975 3,499 3,495 4 1976 1,064 1,062 2 5-year average 2,622 2,620 2

Trembleur Lake 1972 60 60 Stuart-Trembleur 1973 272 272 1974 161 161 1975 263 263 1976 53 53 5-year average 162 162 NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOC KEYE COHO PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Stuart lake (cont'd) Takla lake 1972 4 4 Takla lake 1973 1,049 1,049 1974 121 121 1975 112 112 1976 70 70 5-year average 271 271

~------~------~------i Stuart Lake Total 1972 1,181 1,175 6 Necoslle 400,{, i 1973 15, 131 15, 122 9 Tokio lake 5% ! 1974 3, 918 3, 908 10 Stuart- l 1975 6,485 6,471 14 Trembleur 55% I 1976 2,237 2,231 6 I I 5-year I --~Y!~~-----~LZ2Q ______!?,.J..f!.L ______: ______: ______::. ______J______: ______J

Thomeson River Main Thompson, 1972 5,405 4,500 265 450 190 lower Nicola little Shuswap 1976: no food Lytton to Spence's 1973 6,630 4,450 315 1,420 335 110 Upper Nicola Okanogan fish catch due Bridge 1974 9,470 9,200 210 40 20 Coldwater Spol lumcheen to high water 1975 6,920 6, 175 145 470 75 55 Nooaitch Deadmon's Creek levels. 1976 Shackon Nicomen 5-year North Thompson Salmon A11'11 average 5,685 4,865 187 378 180 75 Lytton Cook's Ferry Kamloaps Oregon Jack Neskainlith Chu Chua Adams lake

Main Thompson, 1972 1,985 l, 700 225 60 Deadman's Creek 50% 1976: reduced catch Spence's Bridge to 1973 1,980 1,450 225 235 70 Oregon Jack 25% was due to high water Savona 1974 2,255 1, 950 235 70 Kamloaps 25% levels ..• the only 1975 l,270 875 125 215 55 available fishing site 1976 550 500 20 20 10 was Taketic, 8 miles 5-year north of Spence's average 1,608 1,295 4 70 186 53 Bridge on the east bank ·of the Thompson River. NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO .PINK CHUM CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

Thompson River (cont'd) North Thompson 1972 295 225 55 15 North Thompson 1973 130 75 45 10 Chu Chua 1974 35 25 10 1975 40 10 25 5 1976 5-year average 100 67 27 6

South Thompson 1972 210 80 5 125 Kam loops 1976: reduced 1973 255 125 130 Neskainlith catch was due 1974 2, 145 1,820 25 300 Adams lake to high water 1975 365 255 110 little Shuswap levels. 1976 153 72 12 69 Okanogan 5-year Spallumcheen average 626 471 8 147 Salmon Arm r------, Thompson River Total 1972 7,895 6,505 325 815 250 Coldwater Neskainlith ! 1973 8,995 6, 100 360 1,645 710 180 Upper Nicola Adams Lake I 1974 13,905 12,995 245 575 90 lower Nicola little Shuswap I 1975 8,595 7,315 170 595 405 110 Nooaitch Deadman'sCreekj 1976 703 572 32 89 10 Shackan Okanogan I 5-year Cook's Ferry Spallumcheen I average 8,019 6,697 227 448 519 128 Lytton Chu Chua I Kamloaps Salmon Arm I North Thompson Oregon Jack I L------'.::1!£~~~------J

r------~------i Okanogan River 1 1972 700 700 - -- -- Osoyoos I 1973 . 2,600 2,600 1 1974 750 750 I I 975 750 750 I 1976 4so 450 I 5-ye~ . I L~~~~~~!i_':______!LQ~Q ______!_,_q_~q_------=------=------:.------=------=------J NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISH CATCHES, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

AREA YEAR TOTAL SOCKEYE COHO PINK CHl)M CHINOOK STEELHEAD BANDS COMMENTS

INTERIOR FRASER 1972 75,757 71,578 1,000 2,614 565 TOTAL - - 1973 91, 780 85, 107 960 2,840 - 2,523 350 1974 91, 301 87,458 1,035 - - 2,523 285 1975 134,293 127,870 975 1,670 - 3,428 350 1976 112,440 109,483 357 - - 2,470 130 5-year averaae 101, 114 96,299 865 902 - 2,712 336 DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

INTERIOR FRASER Fraser - Li llooet North Bend to Lytton dip net Sock eye July - Oct. 7 days/week effort has increased not known Access to fishing sites is by foot Lytton Kanaka Bar & set net Coho until June, markedly over the or by horse, although several Seabird Island (10-25 ft.) Chinook 4 days/week 5-year period, due persons use 4-wheel drive. Siska Pink Thursday - to the Increasingly Kanaka Bar, Siska, Boothroyd, eoo'throyd Steel head Sunday, large effort from and Skuppah bands fish at sites Skuppah hours/day "outsiders" from 24 in the vicinity of their reserves. Coldwater thereafter Merritt, Okanogan, Upper Nicola etc. Both local and outside bands fish lower Nicola at Tilton Creek. various other outside bands

Lytton to Li llooet Lytton dip net Sock eye July - Aug. 7 days/week effort has remained not known Access to fishing sites is limited, Highway Bridge Cayoose Creek & set net Coho until June{ stable "outsiders" from Merritt fish Anderson Lake (10-25 ft.) Chinook 4 days/week here as well. Mount Currie Pink Thursday - Lytton band fishes at Lytton and Coldwater Steel head Sunday, at 6-mile rock opposite the Upper Nicola hours/day 24 mouth of the Stein River. lower Nicola thereafter Kam loops ...... Outside .bands fish primarily at closure of food Neskainlith 6-mile rock. fishery during North Thomson Early Stuart run, various other first 2 weeks in outside bands July. DESCRIPTION Of NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Fraser - lillooet (cont'd)

lillooet Highway Bridge River dip net Sock eye July -Aug. 7 days/week ~ing peak periods, not known, The Bridge River bond, other local Bridge to Pavilion & set net Chinook until June, las many as 120 Bridge River, ·········••••Illpeak fish Ing but bands, and a few outside bonds Churn Creek Fountain (10-25 ft.) Pink 4 days/week ~le fishing each Fountain, and period is the fish at Bridge River Rapids, at the lillooet Steelhead Monday - at Bridge River Pavilion bands take second half of iOOy mouth of the Bridge River just High Bar Thursday, iand Fountain sites. at least .75% of the August north of lillooet. Access to the Canoe Creek 24 hours/day l20 set nets per day, fish. Rapids is easy, as they are located Dog Creek thereafter. land 50 dip nets in on Bridge River 1.R. 1. Alkali lake the water at any om Note: Thurs. - The Fountain bond, other local Clinton time, day or night. ~un. until 1976 Bonaparte bands, and a few outside bonds ••• changed fish at the Fountain Creek sites, Chilcotin bonds to prevent the directly across the Fraser River in some years traditional from the mouth of the Bridge River. fishing sites from Access is by foot or by horse only. being over-run by "outsiders" • The High Bar, Canoe Creek, Dog ...... 0 ••• 0 •• Creek, Alkali lake, and Bonaparte 1976: closure bands fish at High Bar, Onion Bar, applied to food Big Bar, and Churn Creek . The fishing near Chilcotin bands fish at these .Seton powerhouse locations in years when the Chilko to protect the run is weak. Gates Creek Sockeye run, Other important fishing local'ions Aug. 9-Sept. 30. are West Pavilion and the area just • • • • .. • • • • • ., 0 ..... north of liliooet Highway Bridge • closure of food fishery during Early Stuart run, first 2 weeks in July DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Fraser - Lillooet (cont'd) Summary Adams lake dip net Sock eye July - Oct. 1976: 1976: IOOJ permits About 50% of the 1975: near-record catches of Anderson lake & set net - Fraser River stocks - North Bend to were issued, 580 catch is taken by Sockeye (amounting to about Bonaparte (10-25 ft.) Texas Creek from North Bend to 7 of the 38 bands: 500,000 lbs. of salmon). (Early Stuart) late July Boothroyd 4 days/week Texas Creek, 423 Bridge River, Bridge River (late Stuart) early Aug. Thursday - from Texas Creek to Fountain, Canoe Creek Sundoy, (Nadina) Chum Creek Lytton, Cayoose Creek ~ ...... Pavilion (local), ~~ .~°.U.~~~ .. largest amount of Clinton (Stellako) and Coldwater, Texas Creek to effort and largest Coldwater lower Nicola, (Horsefly) early August Churn Creek number of partici- Cook's Ferry Upper Nicola 4 days/week pants of any area in Deadman's Cr. (Quesnel) early-mid Aug (Merritt). Monday - Interior Fraser Fountain ~ · (Chilko) early-mid Aug Thursday, ...... High Bar 24 hours/day Kam loops - Thompson River stock - Kanaka Bar ~ ...... (Adams R.) late Sept. - closure of food lillooet early Oct. fishery during Little Shuswop Early Stuart run lower Nicola Coho first 2 weeks in Lytton Chinook July Mount Currie Pink Muskeg lake Steel head Neskainlith Nicomen Nooaitch North Thompson Okanogan Oregon Jack Pavilion Penticton Salmon Arm Seabird Island Seton lake Siska Skuppah Telegraph Creek Upper Nicola Up~flr.1milkameen DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS . AMONG BANDS

Chilcotin faiwell Canyon to Anaham dip net Sock eye Aug. 10 - 7 days/week not known Note: bands Anaham band fishes ct Faiwell Siwash Bridge Alexis Creek (Chilko run) first week in are listed in order Canyon, Hanceville, Martin (Chilcotin River) Toosey Sept. of catch size, from Pools, and Siwash Bridge. Redstone (3-4 weeks) largest to smallest. Alexis Creek band fishes at Stone ...... Faiwell Canyon, Martin Pools, Chinook incidental to Bull Canyon, and Siwash Bridge. Sockeye catch Toosey band fishes at Faiwell Canyon. Redstone band fishes at Siwash Bridge. Stone band fishes at Hanceville and Martin Pools, Note: Williams lake band, Soda Creek band, and Alexandria band all fish occasionally at Farwell Canyon.

Keighley Holes Anaham gaff Sock eye mid-Aug. - not known Note: bands are .~s(~.~':k••• Anaham, Alexis Creek, Redstone to Henry's CrossinE Alexis Creek mid-Sept. .! listed in order of 1973: closure and Nemaiah Valley bands all (Chilko River) Redstone (peak fishing catch size, from from Henry's fish at Keighley Holes, Bidwell Nemaiah period is last largest to smallest Crossing to Canyon and Henry's Crossing. Valley week in Aug. Chilko lake to or first week protect Chilko ...... •• i.n• •s.ep!: !.... run • Chinook incidental to Sockeye catch

Summary Anaham 75% dip net Sock eye early Aug. - 7 days/week 1975: 161 permits Note: bands are record catch of Sockeye (80% Alexis Creek (coloured . ?1.i?~~;p~: ... to fish Chilcotin listed in order of greater than ever before). Toosey 50% waters); ...... system catch size, from Chinook incidental to in poorer years, many Chilcotin Redstone gaff (clea largest to smallest Sockeye catd Indians fish the Fraser River with waters) Stone its more abundant runs for their Nemiaiah annual supplies. Valley food fishery intercepts fish bound for Taseko River, Taseko lake, Elkin Creek, Little Chilcotin River, Chilko River, and Chifko lake. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Upeer Fraser Churn ~reek to Williams Lake dip net Sock eye early July - ~ .~.s(~.~~~ •• 1975: 135 permits Note: bands are Wiiiiams lake, Toasey and Canim Quesnel Soda Creek early Sept. listed in order of Lake fish between Chilcotin I - 2 days/weel Toosey 50% catch size, from Bridge and Soda Creek. (Early Stuart) July (3 weeks) for 2 weeks in Alexandria largest to smallest. mid-July each Alkali lake (Late Stuart) last week in Soda Creek and Quesnel bands year to protect Churn Creek August fish between Chilcotin Bridge and Early Stuart run Dog Creek Quesnel. (Bowron Lake, end of July - Canoe Creek Chilko) early Aug. Nazko Alexandria band fishes between (2 weeks) Kluskus Soda Creek and Quesnel. Ulkatcho (Nadine) July I Canim Lake Alkali lake, Churn Creek, Dog (Stellako) August :i::i Quesnel Creek, and Canoe Creek bands U1 Anaham 25% (Quesnel - Aug. (2 weeks fish between Churn Creek and l.O Chilcotin Bridge • I . . ~?!!~f)r i ...... Chinook incidental to Anaham band fishes between Sockeye catch Churn Creek and Soda Creek.

Shelley Fort George dip net Sock eye July - Sept. 5 days/week about 7 families n/a ...... 111•••••••e•••• Monday - fish, taking about Chinook incidental to Friday 50 - 60 fish each. Sockeye catch

Pri nee George off-reserve dip net _ Sockeye July - Sept. 5 days/week 30 - 40 fish are not known fishing is by off-reserve lndi ans members of ...... Monday - caught per fishing living in Prince George, who are Chinook incidental to local bands Friday trip, small group members of the Stoney Creek and Sockeye catch of Indians are Necoslie bands, among others. fishing DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Upper Fraser (cont'd) Summa!l._ Alexandria dip net Sock eye 7 days/week not known not known Alkali lake ...... :'!'!L: ~~!: . (Chum Creek tc Chinook incidental to Anaham Quesnel) Sockeye catch •••••11•eeeeee Canim lake 5 days/week Canoe Creek (Prince George Chum Creek and Shelley) Dog Creek fort George - Kluskus Nazko Soda Creek Toosey Ulkatcho Williams lake

Nechako Nautley Reserve Fraser lake short set Sock eye Aug. - Sept. 5 days/week 14 - 15 families fish n/a Nautley Reserve is located on net Monday - per night during Nechako River at eastern end of (Nadina) Aug. 1 - 15 (10-25 ft.) Friday peak period Fraser lake. (Stellako) Aug. 25 - ...... 1975: 27 permits Sept. 10 ...... 1976: 27 permits Chinook incidental to Sockeye catch

Stella Reserve Stellaquo short set Sock eye Aug. - Sept. 5 days/week 10 families at most n/a Stella Reserve is located on net Monday - fish per night during Stellako River at western end of (Nadina) Aug. 1 - 15 (10-25 ft.) Friday peak periods Fraser lake. (Stellako) Aug. 25 - ...... 1977: fishing permitted for I day Sept. 10 1975: 15 permits ...... 1976: 16 permits per week only, from July 25 to Chinook incidental to August 10, to protect Early Nodina Sockeye catch run. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS Nechako (cont'd) Stoney Creek Stoney Creek short set Sock eye Aug. - Sept. 5 days/week 1975: 8 permits n/a Stoney Creek Reserve is located Reserve net Monday - 1976: 28 permits 4-5 miles souJh of the Nechako (Nadina) Aug. 1 - 15 (10-25 ft.) Friday River about 20 miles downstream (Stellako) Aug. 25 - from Fraser Lake. Fishing effort .. ?~P!: .1.~ .•.. by the band is divided between ...... those who fish the Nechako River Chinook incidental to at Noonla I .R. 6, Hulatt, Sockeye catcli Finmoore and Isle Pierre, and about 7 families wlio are related to the Noutley Reserve . Indians and drive there to fish.

Nedina River Omineca short set Sock eye August 5 days/week 1975: 2 permits n/a The two elderly people who fished net Monday - 1976: 0 permits the Nadine River both died between (Nadino) Aug. I - 15 (10-25 ft.) Friday tlie 1975 and 1976 seasons, so no fishing is being carried on at the present time.

Grassy Plains Omineca short set Sock eye August 5 days/week 1975: 0 permits n/a Omineca band fished at Skins net ...... Monday - 1976: 3 permits Lake near Grassy Plains in 1975 (Nadino) Aug. 1 - 15 (10-25 ft.) Friday and 1976.

Summary Fraser Lake short set Sock eye Aug. - Sept. 5 days/week 1975: 52 permits Fraser lake 68<',{, Food fishing is almost exclusively Stellaquo net Monday - 1976: 73 permits Stellaquo 20% by women. (Nedina) Aug. I - 15 Stoney Creek (10-25 ft.) Friday Stoney Creek 10",{, Logging In the Nedina watershed Omineca (Stellako) Aug. 25 - Omineca 2% has led to the deterioration of Sept. lO ...... spawning grounds and the decline of the Early Nadina run. The ···········Chinook incidental to dominant cycle run in 1977 was onl Sockeye catcli y one-tenth the size of the dominant cycle runs in the Fifties, wliile 1974 was the first year that no Early Nadina Sockeye were seen returning to spawn. This situation led to a partial closure of the food fishery in 1977 during the Early Nedina run. DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS A.MONG BANDS

Stuart lake Fort St. James Necoslie short set Sock eye July - Sept. 5 days/week 10-12 families fish n/a Food fishing is exclusively by net Monday - per night during women. (Early Stuart) July 20 - (10-25 ft.) Friday peak periods. Aug. 5 ...... Necoslie Reserve is located at 1975: 31 permits Fort St. James on the Stuart River (late Stuart) Aug. 25 - 1976: 47 permits at the eastern end of Stuart lake. Sept. 10 ...... ••••0••••1t••• Chinook incidental to Sockeye catch

Pinchi and Tachie Takla Lake short set Sock eye July - Sept. 5 days/week 10-15 families fish Takla lake lOo/c Fishing by the Stuart-Trembleur Reserves, Stuart- net Monday - per night at Tachie Stuart- band is near Pinchi Indian (Early Stuart) July 20 - Trembleur lake, Trembleur (10-25 ft.) Friday Reserves during Trembleur 90"1< Reserve 2 on the northern side of Aug. 5 and Tokio lake . ', ...... Stuart lake, near Tachie Indian (late Stuart) Aug. 25 - ~:<:'~ .~i:r! ?~~ Reserves 1 and IA on Stuart lake 1975: 70 permits Sept. 10 at the mouth of the Tachie River, 1976: 65 permits ...... and near the Trembleur villages Chinook incidental to ...... Only a few families on Trembleur lake and on the Sockeye catch fish at Pinch i Reserve Tachie River near the eastern end Trembleur lake, and of Trembleur lake. Tokio lake. Fishing by the Takla lake band is on a 40-mile stretch of Tokio lake, on one race of Salmon (Driftwood River, Early Stuart run).

Summary Necoslie short set Sock eye July - Sept. 5 days/week 1975: 101 permits Necoslie 40o/c logging in lhe Stuart watershed Tokio lake net Monday - 1976: 112 permits Tokio lake 5o/c has contributed to the decline of (Early Stuart) July 20 - Stuart- (10-25 ft.) Friday Stuart- the Stuart runs through Aug. 5 Trembleur Trembleur 55o/c deterioration of spawning grounds. (late Stuart) Aug. 25 - Food fishing is almost exclusively Sept. 10 ...... by women • Chinook incidental to Sockeye catch DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA I BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Thomeson River Main Thc•mpsan, Upper Nicola dip net Sock eye Aug. - Oct. 7 days/week information is not not known Main fishing site is Thompson Lytton to lower Nicola & set net ...... ·······••fl••• until June, available Rapids, 7 miles upstream from Coho Spence's Bridge Coldwater (10-25 ft.) days/week Lytton. Access to site is very easy. Chinook 4 Nooaitch thereafter Many outside bands fish here in Pink Shackan (Thursday - dominant cycle years of the Adams Steel head North Thompson Sunday), River sackeye run (once every four Lytton 24 hours/day years). Neskainlith Ni comen band fishes at mouth of Kamloaps Nicomen Creek and at Spence's Nicomen Bridge. Cook's Ferry Oregon Jack Cook's Ferry band fishes at Spence's Chu Chua Bridge. Salmon Arm Deadman's Cr. Okanogan Spa I lumcheen little Shuswap Adams lake

Main Thompson, Deadman's Creek dip net Sock eye Aug. - Oct. 7 days/week 1976: 20 permits Deadman's Fishing sites are on east (Canadian Spence's Bridge Kam loops & set net ...... until June, Creek 50% Pacific) side of the Thompson Chinook to Savona Oregon Jack (10-25 ft.) 4 days/week Kamloaps 25% River, and access to these sites is Pink & spear thereafter Oregon Jack 25% very di ffi cu It. Steelhead (illegal) (Thursday - Sunday), 24 hours/day DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Thomeson River (cont'd) North Thompson North Thompson dip net, Sock eye 4 days/week 1972: opprox. 40 not known Due to the steady decline of the Chu Chua gaff, & Thursday - pennits Raft River run of Sockeye over the (Raft River) Aug. I - JO spear ...... Sunday, 1975: 3 permits last 4-5 cycles, the food fishery Coho . .. 1976: 0 permits in the North Thompson watershed Chinook ~~ .~°.U.':~~ is being phased out by the Fisheries before 1975, ...... 1976: none of the 3 Service. Given the increased 4 days/week permits were actual!) mobility of native people (along Monday - used the Trans Sonoda Highway), most Thursday ...... prefer to fish the Fraser River 1976: request by anyway. Chu Chua band for older Indians without transportation to fish in Raft River, but request not followed up.

South Thompson Kam loops dip net, Sock eye Aug. - Oct. 7 days/week 1975: 176 permits not known, Main fishing sites are located on Neskainlith gaff, until June, ...... but Neskainlith the Shuswap River, the South (Seymour, August number of permits Adams Lake spear, 4 days/week and Adams Lake Thompson River, and the Little Scotch Creek is on the increase, Little Shuswap & short thereafter bands take the most River (In decreasing order of catch due to rapid Okanogan set net (Adams River) October (Thursday - fish and effort). Many old fishing population growth Spallumcheen ...... ••••eeoe•o•• Sunday) sites along the South Thompson Chinook of the native Salmon Arm ...... River are no longer in use. (I or 2 before 1975, community only on 4 days/week South (Monday - Thompson Thursday) River) DESCRIPTION OF NATIVE INDIAN FOOD FISHERY, INTERIOR FRASER (cont'd)

DIVISION AREA BANDS GEAR STOCKS SEASONALITY TIMES EFFORT OF CATCH COMMENTS AMONG BANDS

Thomeson River (cont'd) Summt1ry Coldwater dip net, Sock eye Aug. - Oct. 7 days/week information is not not known Most bands fish mainly on the Upper Nicola gaff, ...... " .. " oeeeeeoeeee•e until June, available Fraser River between North Bend Chinook Lower Nicola spear, & 4 days/week and Ullooet, where fish are more Coho Nooaitch short set thereafter easily available, are available for Pink Shackan net (Thursday - a longer time, are of superior Cook's Ferry (I0-25 ft.) Sunday) quality, and are more abundant. " Lytton ...... Also, the necessary means of before 1975, Kam loops transportation is generally 4 days/week North Thompsor available, and native mobility is (Monday - Neskainlith \ increasing. Thursday) Adams Lake Little Shuswap Note: fishing Deadman's Creek times were Okanogan changed to allO\I Spallumcheen those persons Chu Chua with jobs during Salmon Arm the week to Oregon Jack participate in Nicomen food fishery.

Okanogan River Osoyoos dip net, Sock eye 5 days/week 1975: 120 permits n/a Fishing is on a 5-mile stretch of gaff, & Wednesday - the Okanogan River between ' (Columbia Aug. - early spear Sunday Osoyoos Lake and 01 iver. River) October Okanogan River is not part of the Fraser system

INTERIOR FRASER SUMMARY dip net, Sock eye early July to 1972: 1, 764 permits short set (95% of late October 1973: 1, 783 permits net catch) 1974: 1,869 permits (10-25 ft • ...... 1975: 2, 013 permits Chinook mainly gaff, & 1976: 1, 844 permits (3% of catch) incidental to spear ...... Sockeye cote~ Pink ...... (2% of catch) Coho (I% of catch) INDIAN BANDS IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA LEGEND BAND POPULATION, 1973 o LESS THAN 100 ., 100 TO 499 " 500 OR OVER NUMBERS OF COMMERCIAL FISHERMEN, 1973

Cowiehan LESS THAN 10 NIMPKISH 10 OR MORE

0 10 •O 90 SCALE IN MILU - A67

Hap1l9•t"

KITSEGUKLA YM\ or1cetown

K1hel1n Terrt11:t1 Kit umhe°IUWt

~ INDIAN BANDS IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA LEGEND llAl\40 POPULATION, 1973 LESS THAl\4 100 • 100 TO 4911 • 500 OR OVEl'I NUMBERS OF COMMERCIAL FISHERMl!'.114, 11173 Owo•e"° LESS THAN 10 POPIT SIMPSON 10 OR MORE

tlCA&.I. &al llllLll - A68 -

KE'Y TO MAP sc.au IN WILES

I. SQUAllllSH I& SKULKAYN 31 YALE 43 NOOAITCH 61 ANDERSON LAKE 76 STONE 2. llURllARD 17 YAKWEAKWIOOSE 32 OOUGLAS 47 LOWER NICOLA 62 SETON LAKE 77 ANAHAM 3. MUSQUEAM - Ill! AITCHELITZ 33 SKOOKUMCHUCK 411 UPPER NICOLA 63 CAYOOSE CREEK 711 ALEXIS CREEK 4 TSAWWASSEN 19 SOOWAHLIE 34 SAMAHQUAM 49 COLDWATER 64 LILLOOET 79 NEMAIAH VALLEY 5 SEMIAHlllOO 20 LAKAHAHMEN 35 MOUNT CUlllllE SO OREGON JACK 65 BRIDGE RIVER eo QUESNEL G COQUITLAlll 21 SCOWLITZ H SPUZZUlll SI ASHCROFT 66 FOUNTAIN Ill NAZKO 7 KATZIE 22 CHEHALIS 37 llOSTON lllAll 52 CANIM LAKE 17 PAVILION 82 KLUSKUS II LANGLEY 23 CHEAM 33 lllOOTHllOYO 53 llONAPARTE Ill HIGH BAR 83 FORT GEORGE 9 llllATSQUI 24 POPKUM ll9 KANAKA lllAll 54 DEAOlllAN'S CREEK GS CLINTON 114 STONEY CREE·K IO SUMAS ZS H'.AlllRO ISLAND 40 SISKA 55 KAMLOOPS 70 CANOE CA£EK 115 FRASER LAKE II SQUIAL"A 26 SKAWAHLOOK 41 SKUPPAH SI NORTH THOMPSON 71 ALKALI LAKE 86 STELLAQUO 12 KWAWKWAWAPILT 27 PETERS 42 LYTTON 57 NESKAINLITH 72 WILLIAMS LAKE 87 OllllNECA 13 SKWAY 2111 OHAMIL 43 NICOMEN 58 AOAlllS LAKE 73 SODA CREEK Ill CHESLATTA 14 SKWAH 29 HOP! 44 COOK'S l'EllRY 59 LITTLE SHUSWAP 74 ALEXANDRIA 115 NECOSLIE 15 TZEACHTEN 30 UNION llAR 4$ SHACKAN -· GO SPALLUMCHEEN 75 TOOSEY 90 STUART-TREMBLEUR LAKE 91 TAKLA LAKE FRASER RIVER SYSTEM INDIANS: THE 91 INDIAN BANDS

Source: Map of Canada Showing location of Indian Bands and linguistic Affiliations, 1965, compiled by the Indian Affairs Branch, Department of Citizenship and Immigration. 5