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Efecto Del Huracán Jova En La Comunidad De Anfibios En Diferentes Estadios Sucesionales En Un Bosque Tropical Seco De Chamela, Jalisco, México

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Efecto Del Huracán Jova En La Comunidad De Anfibios En Diferentes Estadios Sucesionales En Un Bosque Tropical Seco De Chamela, Jalisco, México UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA Efecto del huracán Jova en la comunidad de anfibios en diferentes estadios sucesionales en un bosque tropical seco de Chamela, Jalisco, México Tesis Que presenta: Biol. Jorge Alejandro Marroquín Páramo Como requisito para obtener el título de: MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS EN ECOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN Director de tesis Maestro en Ciencias Bilógicas Javier Alvarado Díaz Morelia, Mich. Marzo de 2014. ÍNDICE CONTENIDO Pg. 1. Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 4 2. Resumen general .......................................................................................................... 5 3. Introducción ................................................................................................................ 7 4. CAPITULO I Efecto de los disturbios sobre la fauna silvestre. ............................ 10 4.1 Resumen .................................................................................................................... 10 4.2 Introducción .............................................................................................................. 11 4.3 Disturbios en escala de poblaciones .......................................................................... 12 4.4 Disturbios en escalas de comunidades y ecosistemas ............................................... 13 4.5 Respuesta de las comunidades al disturbio................................................................ 14 4.6 Hipótesis del disturbio intermedio ............................................................................. 15 4.7 Modificación del hábitat y disturbios en las comunidades de herpetofauna ............. 15 4.8 Conservación de anfibios y su respuesta a los huracanes .......................................... 17 5. Literatura citada ....................................................................................................... 20 6. Capitulo II Efecto del huracán Jova en la comunidad de anfibios en diferentes estadios sucesionales en un bosque tropical seco de Chamela, Jalisco, México ....... 26 6.1 Resumen ................................................................................................................... 26 6.2 Introducción ............................................................................................................... 27 6.3 Antecedentes .............................................................................................................. 29 6.3.3 Bosques secundarios ............................................................................................... 30 6.3.4 Huracanes y Herpetofauna...................................................................................... 20 7. Hipótesis ...................................................................................................................... 33 8. Objetivos ..................................................................................................................... 33 8.1Objetivo general ......................................................................................................... 33 8.2 Objetivos particulares ............................................................................................... 33 9. Descripción del área de estudio ................................................................................... 34 9.1 Localización ............................................................................................................. 34 9.2 Clima ......................................................................................................................... 34 9.3 Hidrología .................................................................................................................. 35 9.4 Geología .................................................................................................................. 35 9.5 Edafología ................................................................................................................. 35 9.6 Vegetación ................................................................................................................. 35 9.7 Fauna ......................................................................................................................... 36 9.8 Actividades humanas ................................................................................................. 37 10. Metodología ............................................................................................................... 38 10.1 Métodos de muestreo .............................................................................................. 39 10.2 Análisis de datos ...................................................................................................... 39 11. Resultados ........................................................................................................... …. 42 12. Discusión .................................................................................................................. 57 13. Literatura citada ........................................................................................................ 62 14. CAPITULO III Capitulo III Atributos Funcionales del ensamble de anfibios en Chamela, Jalisco. ........................................................................................................... 70 14.1 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 70 14.2 Introducción ............................................................................................................ 71 14.3 Antecedentes ............................................................................................................ 73 15. Metodología .............................................................................................................. 76 15.1 Análisis de datos ...................................................................................................... 77 16. Resultados .................................................................................................................. 78 17. Discusión ................................................................................................................... 81 18. Literatura citada ……………………………………………………………………84 19. Discusión general ...................................................................................................... 88 20. Conclusiones .............................................................................................................. 93 21. Literatura Citada ........................................................................................................ 95 1. Abstract The Chamela region, Jalisco on the Mexican Pacific coast was hit in November 2011 by the hurricane Jova, affecting large areas of tropical dry forest. To asses effects of the hurricane on amphibians, changes in structure and composition in assemblages, and in composition of functional groups (FG) was evaluated. To assess the damage caused by the hurricane 15 sites from 5 different successional ages (0-0, 5-6, 8-10, 15-17 years and old forest) were used. Seventeen amphibian species were registered along the secondary succession, corresponding to 89.4% of a total of 19 species reported for the Chamela region. The richness estimators indicated that amphibian sampling completeness at landscape level ranged from 95% to 100% before the hurricane and after the hurricane from 91 to 98%.. Among successional stages sampling completeness ranged from 55% in the old growth forest to 100% in successional stages 0-0 and 8-10 before the hurricane, and from 50% fin stage 15-17 to 100% in stage 5-6 and old growth forest after the hurricane. The most abundant species before as well as after the hurricane species were Agalychnis dacnicolor, Smilisca fodiens, Smilisca baudini Diaglena spatulata, Trachycephalus typhonius and Incillius marmoreus. In general, species richness tended to increase in all stages, except on 5-6 stage. Significant differences in species richness were found before and after of hurricane at landscape level, and in stages 0-0, 15-17 and old growth forest. Diversity tended to be higher after the hurricane in all successional stages, except stage 0-0 and old growth forest where diversity was lower after hurricane. A significant difference in diversity was found before and after hurricane at landscape level, and in the stages 5-6, 8- 10 and old growth forest. The most abundant species both before and after the hurricane was D. spatulata before the hurricane had a higher abundance with 254 individuals while after hurricane it present a decrease of over 50 % , with only 116 individuals. The stage 0-0 and the old growth forest were very similar in composition and abundance before and after the hurricane. Sites of 8-10 stage presented the most minor changes in composition and abundance of amphibian species. In general, sites that presented greater change after the hurricane corresponded to the old growth forest, while the sites with the least changes corresponded to the 8-10 stage. The type of reproduction 1 (species that lay their eggs in water and have a free-living aquatic larva) tended to decrees across the successional stages, except on 8-10. The type of the reproduction 4 (species that lay their eggs in the soil with direct development without aquatic larval phase) was present
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