Xeneca Power Development Inc. Project Description Report Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project

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Xeneca Power Development Inc.

Project Description Report

Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project

336542-0000-07-124-0001 Rev. A November 2010

Xeneca Power Development Inc. - Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project Project Description Report

Disclaimer

This report has been prepared by Hatch Ltd. for the sole and exclusive use of Xeneca Power Development Inc. (hereinafter referred to as “Xeneca” or the “Proponent”) for the purpose of assisting the management of Xeneca in making decisions with respect to the proposed development of a waterpower project and shall not be (a) used for any other purpose, or (b) provided to, relied upon or used by any third party.

This report contains opinions, conclusions and recommendations made by Hatch Ltd. (Hatch), using its professional judgment and reasonable care. Any use of or reliance upon this report and estimate by the Proponent is subject to the following conditions:

• the report being read in the context of and subject to the terms of the agreement between Hatch and Xeneca including any methodologies, procedures, techniques, assumptions and other relevant terms or conditions that were specified or agreed therein;

• the report being read as a whole, with sections or parts hereof read or relied upon in context;

• the conditions of the site may change over time (or may have already changed) due to natural forces or human intervention, and Hatch takes no responsibility for the impact that such changes may have on the accuracy or validity of the observations, conclusions and recommendations set out in this report; and

• the report is based on information made available to Hatch by Xeneca and/or by certain third parties; and unless stated otherwise in the Agreement, Hatch has not verified the accuracy, completeness or validity of such information, makes no representation regarding its accuracy and hereby disclaims any liability in connection therewith.

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Project Report

November 3, 2010 Xeneca Power Development Inc. Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project

DISTRIBUTION Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs Environment Canada Ministry of Culture Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure Health Canada Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Transport Canada (TC) Ministry of Transportation Infrastructure Canada Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry

Corporation of the Town of Kapuskasing Ontario Waterpower Association Corporation of the Township of Chapleau

Project Description Report Table of Contents

1. General Information ...... 1-1 1.1 General...... 1-1 1.1.1 Name and Proposed Location of Project...... 1-1 1.1.2 Nature of the Project ...... 1-1 1.1.3 Purpose of the Project ...... 1-1 1.1.4 Economic Benefits of Project ...... 1-2 1.1.5 Parties who Received the Project Description...... 1-2 1.1.6 Federal, Provincial and Municipal Agency and Stakeholder Consultations...... 1-5 1.1.7 Other Environmental Assessment Processes...... 1-5 1.2 Contacts...... 1-6 1.2.1 Proponent and Contact Information...... 1-6 1.2.2 Proponent’s Consultant ...... 1-6 1.3 Land Ownership ...... 1-7 1.4 Authorizations Required...... 1-7 2. Project Information...... 2-1 2.1 Kapuskasing Lake Outlet ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Description of Proposed Project ...... 2-1 2.1.1.1 General ...... 2-1 2.1.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics ...... 2-1 2.1.1.3 Installed Capacity ...... 2-1 2.1.1.4 Site Access ...... 2-1 2.1.1.5 Headworks Structures...... 2-1 2.1.1.6 Conveyance System...... 2-2 2.1.1.7 Powerhouse...... 2-2

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2.1.1.8 Transmission ...... 2-2 2.1.1.9 Area of Inundation...... 2-2 2.1.2 Operating Strategy for Project...... 2-2 2.1.2.1 Type of Proposed Project...... 2-2 2.1.2.2 Operating Strategy...... 2-2 2.1.2.3 Water Management Plan ...... 2-5 2.2 Lapinigam Rapids GS ...... 2-5 2.2.1 Description of Proposed Project ...... 2-5 2.2.1.1 General ...... 2-5 2.2.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics ...... 2-5 2.2.1.3 Installed Capacity ...... 2-5 2.2.1.4 Site Access ...... 2-6 2.2.1.5 Headworks Structures...... 2-6 2.2.1.6 Conveyance System...... 2-6 2.2.1.7 Powerhouse...... 2-6 2.2.1.8 Transmission ...... 2-6 2.2.1.9 Area of Inundation...... 2-6 2.2.2 Operating Strategy for Project...... 2-6 2.2.2.1 Type of Proposed Project...... 2-6 2.2.2.2 Operating Strategy...... 2-6 2.2.2.3 Water Management Plan ...... 2-9 2.3 Middle Township Buchan ...... 2-9 2.3.1 Description of Proposed Project ...... 2-9 2.3.1.1 General ...... 2-9 2.3.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics ...... 2-9 2.3.1.3 Installed Capacity ...... 2-9 2.3.1.4 Site Access ...... 2-10 2.3.1.5 Headworks Structures...... 2-10 2.3.1.6 Conveyance System...... 2-10 2.3.1.7 Powerhouse...... 2-10 2.3.1.8 Transmission ...... 2-10 2.3.1.9 Area of Inundation...... 2-10 2.3.2 Operating Strategy for Project...... 2-10 2.3.2.1 Type of Proposed Project...... 2-10 2.3.2.2 Operating Strategy...... 2-10 2.3.2.3 Water Management Plan ...... 2-13 2.4 Near North Boundary...... 2-13 2.4.1 Description of Proposed Project ...... 2-13 2.4.1.1 General ...... 2-13 2.4.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics ...... 2-13 2.4.1.3 Installed Capacity ...... 2-13 2.4.1.4 Site Access ...... 2-14 2.4.1.5 Headworks Structures...... 2-14 2.4.1.6 Conveyance System...... 2-14 2.4.1.7 Powerhouse...... 2-14 2.4.1.8 Transmission ...... 2-14 2.4.1.9 Area of Inundation...... 2-14 2.4.2 Operating Strategy for Project...... 2-14 2.4.2.1 Type of Proposed Project...... 2-14 2.4.2.2 Operating Strategy...... 2-14 2.4.2.3 Water Management Plan ...... 2-17

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2.5 Project Activities ...... 2-17 2.5.1 Construction Schedule and Activities ...... 2-17 2.5.2 Operation...... 2-17 2.5.3 Decommissioning ...... 2-17 2.6 Resource Material Requirements ...... 2-17 2.6.1 Energy and Water Requirements and Sources...... 2-17 2.6.2 Excavation and Quantity of Fill...... 2-18 2.6.3 Toxic/Hazardous Materials...... 2-18 2.6.4 Waste Disposal ...... 2-18 3. Project Site Information...... 3-1 3.1 Project Location ...... 3-1 3.2 Natural Environmental Features ...... 3-1 3.2.1 Physical Environment ...... 3-1 3.2.1.1 Geology and Soils ...... 3-1 3.2.1.2 Surface Water Resources ...... 3-1 3.2.2 Biological Environment ...... 3-4 3.2.2.1 Fish and Fish Habitat ...... 3-4 3.2.2.2 Terrestrial Vegetation and Wildlife ...... 3-5 3.2.2.3 Species at Risk...... 3-6 3.2.2.4 Provincially Significant Areas...... 3-6 3.3 Socioeconomic Features...... 3-7 3.3.1 Current and Past Land Uses...... 3-7 3.3.1.1 Traditional Canoe and Fur Trade Route ...... 3-7 3.3.1.2 Forestry ...... 3-7 3.3.1.3 Hunting/Harvesting ...... 3-7 3.3.1.4 Mineral Resources ...... 3-7 3.3.1.5 Recreation/Tourism ...... 3-8 3.3.2 Potential Contamination of the Site from Past Uses...... 3-8 3.3.3 Proximity to Aboriginal Reserves and Traditional Territory ...... 3-8 3.3.4 Proximity to Important or Designated Environmental or Cultural Sites ...... 3-8 3.3.5 Proximity to Residential and Other Urban Areas ...... 3-8 4. Additional Requirements Related to Fish, Fish Habitat and Navigable Waters...... 4-1 5. Potential Effects to the Environment ...... 5-1 5.1 Zone of Influence...... 5-1 5.2 Potential Effects to the Environment ...... 5-1 6. References...... 6-1 Appendix A Conceptual Plates and Maps – Kapuskasing River Projects Appendix A1 Kapuskasing Lake Outlet Appendix A2 Lapinigam Rapids Appendix A3 Middle Township Buchan Appendix A4 Near North Boundary Appendix A5 Transmission Interconnection Appendix B Baseline Environmental Field Investigations

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List of Tables

Table 1.1 Government Agencies and Organizations to be Contacted...... 1-5 Table 1.2 Federal, Provincial and Municipal Approvals ...... 1-7 Table 3.1 Geographic Coordinates of Sites...... 3-1 Table 3.2 Mean Monthly Water Flows ...... 3-2 Table 3.3 High and Low Flow Return Periods Flow ...... 3-3 Table 3.4 Fish Species of the Kapuskasing River (Hatch Acres, 2008)...... 3-4 Table 3.5 Fish Catch Summary...... 3-5 Table 5.1 Potential Effects Identification Matrix for Construction and Operation ...... 5-2

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Project Locations...... 1-3 Figure 2.1 Outlet Kapuskasing Lake Photos...... 2-3 Figure 2.2 Lapinigam Rapids (Buchan Falls) Photos...... 2-7 Figure 2.3 Middle Township Buchan (Clouston Rapids) Photos...... 2-11 Figure 2.4 Near North Boundary (Cedar Rapids) Photos...... 2-15

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1. General Information

1.1 General This Project Description Report has been prepared, based on the current conceptual design to meet the requirements of the Federal Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA) as well as the provincial Class Environmental Assessment for Waterpower Projects [Ontario Waterpower Association (OWA), 2008]. The current conceptual design is subject to change based on the results of studies, comment by Agencies, First Nation and Aboriginal Communities, and stakeholders.

1.1.1 Name and Proposed Location of Project The name of the project is the Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project. It consists of four proposed developments/sites on the Kapuskasing River between the Town of Elsas and the Town of Kapuskasing, being Kapuskasing Lake Outlet, Lapinigam Rapids (Buchan Falls), Middle Township Buchan (Clouston Rapids), and Near North Boundary (Cedar Rapids) Hydroelectric Generating Stations. Kapuskasing Lake Outlet is located on existing rapids or falls on the Kapuskasing River ±5 km downstream of Kapuskasing Lake. Lapinigam Rapids, Middle Township Buchan and Near North Boundary are all located on existing rapids or falls on the Kapuskasing River (Figure 1.1).

1.1.2 Nature of the Project The Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) released these sites as part of the Non-Competitive Site Release Package (CPR) Site ID Numbers 4LE03, 4LE05, 4LF09 and 4LE01. In response to the CRP, Xeneca Power Development Inc. submitted Waterpower Site Release Applications (WSR-2007-009, WSR-2007-010, WSR-2007-011 and WSR-2007-039) to the MNR on May 24, 2007 for Near North Boundary, May 31, 2007 for Kapuskasing Lake Outlet, and December 10, 2008 for Lapinigam Rapids and Middle Township Buchan. MNR acknowledged receipt of these applications on June 28, 2007 (Lapinigam Rapids and Middle Township Buchan), August 8, 2007 (Near North Boundary), and June 28, 2007 (Kapuskasing Lake Outlet). MNR has yet to forward Site Description Packages and award Applicant of Record Status for these sites to Xeneca Power Development. Xeneca Power was awarded Feed-In-Tariff (FIT) contracts for these sites on April 29, 2010.

Xeneca Power is proposing to construct four hydroelectric facilities on the Kapuskasing River. The facilities will have a combined generating capacity of 19.45 MW. With the exception of Kapuskasing Lake Outlet and Lapinigam Rapids which will have a spillway dam and an open approach channel to the powerhouse, each station will have water control structures (spillway and earth-fill dams) with attached powerhouses. A road upgrade and new roads will be required to access the site. A transmission line connecting at Weston Lake Distribution Station (DS) will be installed in order to connect the stations to the provincial power grid.

The design information to date is based on the design, provided in the Site Development Plan and as revised up to the end of August 2010. Feasibility studies and field investigations will be required to optimize the design and it could be subject to change from that presented herein.

1.1.3 Purpose of the Project The purposes of the project are to

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• meet government and energy regulatory agency goals and objectives to generate environmentally sustainable hydroelectric green power on a reliable basis

• sell the generated power under a FIT electricity contract from the Ontario Power Authority (OPA).

To meet these objectives, Xeneca Power will try to maximize the use of existing infrastructure to connect to the existing distribution grid and to the provincial power grid.

1.1.4 Economic Benefits of Project The proposed Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project will have a total installed capacity of approximately 19.5 MW. Waterpower creates jobs, generates revenue to the taxpayers of Ontario and is the longest lived and most reliable source of clean, renewable electricity.

• Approximate economic activity (direct) to build in Ontario is $5 million per megawatt, about half of which is spent locally procuring everything from consulting and legal services to concrete, steel, trucking and other services such as hotels, restaurant and fuel.

• Direct job creation (construction only) 10,000 person hours per MW. Indirect jobs multiply by 1.5.

• Local/Regional economic boost of $2.5 million per MW – about $12 million.

• First Nations and non aboriginal community participation incentives. For overview see Xeneca Website.

• Significant return to the people of Ontario with approximately $5 million per MW ($24 million over the 40-yr lifespan of the project) paid through Gross Revenue Charges (GRC) and Provincial and Federal Income taxes.

• May assist mining companies or local industry by providing more reliable power with some potential cost savings.

• Waterpower lasts: many power plants built in the early 1900s are still in operation and with regular maintenance and upgrades can last for generations to come. In comparison the life span for other sources of clean power are: nuclear 40 years, wind 20 years, solar 20 years.

1.1.5 Parties who Received the Project Description This Project Description Report has been submitted to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEA Agency) in Toronto for distribution to relevant federal agencies including: Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Environment Canada (EC), Health Canada (HC), Transport Canada (TC), Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) and any other agencies deemed relevant by the CEA Agency.

The Project Description Report will also be submitted to the MNR Hearst District and Chapleau District, Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) (Thunder Bay Northern Region and Timmins District), the Ontario Ministry of Culture (MOC), the Town of Kapuskasing and the Township of Chapleau. In addition, the Project Description will be provided to the First Nation and Aboriginal Communities listed in Table 1.1.

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Xeneca Power Development Inc. - Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project Project Description Report

Back of figure

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1.1.6 Federal, Provincial and Municipal Agency and Stakeholder Consultations The agencies and organizations shown in Table 1.1 are among the entities to be consulted for this environmental screening/OWA Class Environmental Assessment (EA). All the agencies and stakeholders listed in Table 1.1 will be sent an introductory letter and copy of the Notice of Commencement.

1.1.7 Other Environmental Assessment Processes This project is subject to the Class EA for Waterpower Projects (OWA, 2008), which is an approved Class EA under the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act. The project is considered to be a “new project on a managed waterway” and will be assessed in accordance with the OWA Class EA requirements for such a designation.

Table 1.1 Government Agencies and Organizations to be Contacted Federal Government Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency Environment Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Health Canada Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Transport Canada (TC) Infrastructure Canada Provincial Government Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs Ministry of Culture Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Ministry of Transportation Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry Municipal Government Corporation of the Township of Chapleau Corporation of the Town of Kapuskasing First Nations Brunswick House First Nation (Dusk Lake and Mountbatten) Flying Post First Nation Chapleau Cree First Nation Chapleau Ojibway First Nation Moose Cree First Nation Taykwa Tagamou First Nation Metis Nations of Ontario Michipicoten First Nation Missinabie Cree First Nation Constance Lake First Nation Wabun Tribal Council Mushkegowuk Council Kapuskasing Indian Friendship Centre Métis Nation of Ontario

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Non-Governmental Agencies/Associations Air Ivanhoe Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society Canadian Recreational Canoeing Association Club Autoneige Les Grondeurs Snowmobile Club Federation of Ontario Naturalists Gosenda Lodge Hike Ontario Kap Rod & Gun Club Kap Trapshooters Association Kap Sno-Rovers Kapuskasing Nordic Skiers Northern Corridor Du Nord Snowmobile Association Northern Ontario Tourist Outfitters Association Northwatch Ontario Recreational Canoeing Association Ontario Tourism Outfitters Partnership for Public Lands Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada Whitewater Ontario Wilderness Canoe Association Industry/Commercial Stakeholders Agrium Mine Tembec Spruce Falls Inc. Hydro One Networks Inc. Canadian National Railway Boreal Guiding Services Ontario Fishing and Hunting Adventures Ontario Waterpower Association

1.2 Contacts 1.2.1 Proponent and Contact Information The project proponent is Xeneca Power Development Inc. There are no co-proponents involved in this project. Contact information for Xeneca Power Development Inc. is as follows:

Patrick Gillette President Xeneca Power Development Inc. 5160 Yonge Street #520 North York, ON M2N 6L9 Phone: 416-590-9362 Fax: 416-590-9955 Email: [email protected]

1.2.2 Proponent’s Consultant Hatch Ltd. (Hatch) has been retained to conduct field study program and the Class EA for this project. Contact information for Hatch is as follows:

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Larry King Hatch Ltd 4342 Queen Street, Suite 500 Niagara Falls, Ontario L2E 7J7 Phone: 613-478-3572 Fax: 905-357-1157 Email: [email protected]

1.3 Land Ownership The land to be used by the project, i.e. for the generating stations, head ponds, switchyards, control structures, access roads and transmission line corridors, is provincial Crown lands and private land. All land on the west side of the river and land surrounding the Kapuskasing Lake Outlet site is Crown land. All land on the east side of the river from the northern extent of Allenby Township to the southern extent of Davin Township is privately owned by Tembec, with the exception of a 200 m allowance along the shoreline that is owned by the Crown. As such, all four sites (Kapuskasing Lake Outlet, Lapinigam Rapids, Middle Township Buchan, and Near North Boundary) will be built on provincial Crown lands. Transmission lines and access roads for the three northern sites will initially be on private lands, transitioning to public lands beyond the eastern limit of Tembec’s lands.

1.4 Authorizations Required Table 1.2 outlines the potential federal, provincial and municipal permits and approvals that might be required. A list of all actually required permits will be developed once the Detailed Design and Construction Plan is available.

Table 1.2 Federal, Provincial and Municipal Approvals Permit and Legislative Requirement Agency Federal Authorization for Works and Undertakings Affecting Fish Department of Fisheries and Habitat – Fisheries Act [Section 35(2)] Oceans Authorization for Destruction of Fish by Means other than Department of Fisheries and Fishing – Fisheries Act (Section 32) Oceans Approval for Construction in Navigable Waters – Navigable Transport Canada (Marine) Waters Protection Act (Section 5) Provincial Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act (LRIA) – Location Ministry of Natural Resources Approval and Plans and Specifications Approval Water Management Plan Ministry of Natural Resources Cultural Heritage Clearance – Phase 1 Archaeological Ministry of Culture Assessment Permit to Take Water – Ontario Water Resources Act Ministry of Environment (Section 34) Certificate of Approval (Industrial Sewage) – Ontario Water Ministry of Environment Resources Act (Section 53)

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Permit and Legislative Requirement Agency Certificate of Approval (Air and Noise) – Environmental Ministry of Environment Protection Act (Section 9) Waste Generator Registration – Environmental Protection Act Ministry of Environment [Section 18(1)], Ontario Regulation 347 Notice of Project and Registration of Contractors – Ministry of Labour Construction Regulation 213/91 Other Road Use Agreement Tembec Spruce Falls

An authorization from DFO under the Fisheries Act and approval from Transport Canada (Marine) under the Navigable Waters Protection Act (NWPA) will likely be required. Either will trigger the need for an environmental assessment under CEAA. Since the proposed project is less than 200 MW, a screening level environmental assessment would be completed in accordance with CEAA and appropriate guidelines.

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2. Project Information

2.1 Kapuskasing Lake Outlet 2.1.1 Description of Proposed Project 2.1.1.1 General The proposed project at Kapuskasing Lake Outlet would capture the surveyed gross head of 6.5 m. The conceptual development incorporates the use of a dam/weir. A conveyance channel situated on the east shore of the river will conduct flow from the river to an intake which will feeds one 2.5-MW Kaplan turbine (Appendix A1, Plate 1).

The general arrangement and photographs of the river within the proposed head pond are shown in Figure 2.1. Further details of the power facilities are presented on successive plates in Appendix A1, and the extent of the lands involved in the development is also shown on the plates. The proposed site development is described in more detail in the following sections.

Design is subject to change to factor in improvements based on the results of studies and comments from Agencies, First Nation Communities, Aboriginal Communities and, stakeholders. Changes may result from assessment of environmental, social or economic factors.

2.1.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics Estimated existing water levels:

• normal operating headwater level el 312 m

• normal tailwater level downstream of powerhouse el 305.5 m

• normal operating gross head 6.5 m

• 1:100-yr flood flow 426 m3/s

• 1:100-yr low flow 1.2 m3/s

• long-term average flow 35.9 m3/s

2.1.1.3 Installed Capacity The installed capacity at this site will be a single unit of 2.5 MW.

2.1.1.4 Site Access The proposed site access will require a 6-km long road to be built off an existing road located east of the project (Appendix A1, Outlet Kapuskasing GS, Lines and Roads Map).

2.1.1.5 Headworks Structures Plates 1 to 3 (Appendix A1) show the general layout and details of the flow control structures. There is a single dam incorporating a 10-m long side abutment, an 85-m long concrete spillway, a 62-m long central abutment and a 16-m wide intake structure.

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2.1.1.6 Conveyance System There is a 450-m open approach channel to the powerhouse. A plan and profile of the conveyance system is shown on Plate 3 (Appendix A1).

2.1.1.7 Powerhouse The powerhouse footprint will be approximately 31 m long by 10 m wide. Plate 4 in Appendix A1 shows the plan and a cross-sectional profile of the powerhouse.

2.1.1.8 Transmission A new 44-kV line will run to the Middle Township Buchan site from the Kapuskasing Lake Outlet site (see Appendix A1, Outlet Kapuskasing GS, Lines and Roads Map). From the Middle Township Buchan site, a common 44 or 115-kV line will connect to the Ivanhoe River – Third Falls Line, and subsequently to the Weston Lake DS, then onward to Circuit T61S, Tower 217 (Appendix A5, Kapuskasing/Ivanhoe to Point of Connection, Lines and Roads Map).

2.1.1.9 Area of Inundation Approximately 1.3 ha of additional area will be inundated behind the dam (Appendix A1, Plate 5).

2.1.2 Operating Strategy for Project 2.1.2.1 Type of Proposed Project The proposed development will be operated as a run-of-river with modified peaking [as defined by Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure (MEI), 2010]. As per the MEI website, “a run-of-river with modified peaking is a plant which allows for limited storage of water to produce more electricity during periods of high demand and save water during periods of low demand for use at a later time.”

2.1.2.2 Operating Strategy Xeneca proposes to operate based on the natural run of water upstream of the plant with some daily flow modifications.

The OPA FIT program encourages power to be produced during daytime hours when Ontario households use power most. To this end, and where circumstances permit, some electricity production may be shifted from night time and weekend hours to daytime hours on weekdays. No long-term storage of water is proposed. The MEI refers to this operation mode as “run-of-river with modified peaking”. Most of the yearly production will occur round the clock. Production shifting will occur during periods of low flow when the natural run in the river drops below the plant capacity. These conditions occur predominantly in late summer and late winter. The amount of water that can be stored is limited by the amount of natural storage available and based on acceptable fluctuation of water levels upstream and minimum flow requirements downstream of the plant. Details of the operation will be determined during the Waterpower Class EA based on environmental, stakeholder and economic constraints specific to the project.

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2.1.2.3 Water Management Plan An amendment to the Mattagami River Water Management Plan (WMP) will be required before the station commences operation. Current waterpower operators within this plan include Ontario Power Generation generating stations on the Mattagami River and the Tembec Spruce Falls Inc. facility (dam and generating station) in Kapuskasing as well as the pending Hydromega generating stations downstream of the project.

2.2 Lapinigam Rapids GS 2.2.1 Description of Proposed Project 2.2.1.1 General The proposed Lapinigam Rapids GS would capture the surveyed gross head of 19 m. The conceptual development incorporates the use of a spillway dam and an open approach to a powerhouse at the base of the falls on the east bank (Appendix A2, Plate 5). A penstock leading from the open channel to the powerhouse will conduct flows from the river to a single Kaplan turbine with a nameplate rating of 8.2 MW.

The general arrangement and photographs of the river within the proposed head pond are shown in Figure 2.2. Further details of the power facility are presented on successive plates in Appendix A2, and the extent of the lands involved in the development is also shown on the plates. The proposed site development is described in more detail in the following sections.

2.2.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics Estimated existing water levels

• maximum headwater level (1:100-yr flood) el 296.51 m

• normal operating headwater level el 294.5 m

• normal tailwater level downstream of powerhouse el 274.5 m

• normal operating gross head 20 m

• 1:100-yr flood flow 38 m3/s

• 1:100-yr low flow 1.2 m3/s

• long-term average flow 37 m3/s

2.2.1.3 Installed Capacity The installed capacity at this site will be a single unit of 8.2 MW.

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2.2.1.4 Site Access The proposed access road will be approximately 9 km long, extending to the site from the end of Buchanan Road (Appendix A2, Lapinigam Rapids GS, Lines and Roads Map).

2.2.1.5 Headworks Structures The headworks will include a 125-m long spillway dam and a 23-m wide intake structure that leads into the open channel to the powerhouse (Appendix A2, Plate 6).

2.2.1.6 Conveyance System A 460-m long open approach channel will convey water to a 65-m long penstock attached to the powerhouse (Appendix A2, Plate 7).

2.2.1.7 Powerhouse The powerhouse footprint will be approximately 35 m long by 14 m wide. Plate 8 (Appendix A2) shows the plan and a cross-sectional profile of the powerhouse.

2.2.1.8 Transmission A new 44-kV line will run to the Middle Township Buchan site from the Lapinigam Rapids site (see Appendix A2, Lapinigam Rapids GS, Lines and Roads Map). From the Middle Township Buchan site, a common 44 or 115-kV line will connect to the Ivanhoe River – Third Falls Line, and subsequently to the Weston Lake DS, then onward to Circuit T61S, Tower 217 (Appendix A5, Kapuskasing/Ivanhoe to Point of Connection, Lines and Roads Map).

2.2.1.9 Area of Inundation In normal operating levels, approximately 6.3 ha of additional area will be flooded behind the dam (Appendix A2, Plate 11).

2.2.2 Operating Strategy for Project 2.2.2.1 Type of Proposed Project The proposed development will be operated as a run-of-river with modified peaking (as defined by MEI, 2010). As per the MEI website, “a run-of-river with modified peaking is a plant which allows for limited storage of water to produce more electricity during periods of high demand and save water during periods of low demand for use at a later time.”

2.2.2.2 Operating Strategy Xeneca proposes to operate based on the natural run of water upstream of the plant with some daily flow modifications.

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Proposed Spillway and Dam

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capacity. These conditions occur predominantly in late summer and late winter. The amount of water that can be stored is limited by the amount of natural storage available and based on acceptable fluctuation of water levels upstream and minimum flow requirements downstream of the plant. Details of the operation will be determined during the Waterpower Class EA based on environmental, stakeholder and economic constraints specific to the project.

2.2.2.3 Water Management Plan An amendment to the Mattagami River WMP will be required before the station commences operation. Current waterpower operators within this plan include Ontario Power Generation generating stations on the Mattagami River and the Tembec Spruce Falls Inc. facility (dam and generating station) in Kapuskasing as well as the pending Hydromega generating stations downstream of the project.

2.3 Middle Township Buchan 2.3.1 Description of Proposed Project 2.3.1.1 General The proposed Middle Township Buchan GS would capture the surveyed gross head of 13 m. The conceptual development incorporates the use of a dam/weir with a close-coupled powerhouse that contains one 5-MW Kaplan turbine (Appendix A3, Plate 1).

The general arrangement and photographs of the river within the proposed head pond are shown in Figure 2.3. Further details of the power facilities are presented on successive plates in Appendix A3, and the extent of the lands involved in the development is also shown on the plates. The proposed site development is described in more detail in the following sections.

2.3.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics Estimated existing water levels

• normal operating headwater level el 274 m

• normal tailwater level downstream of powerhouse el 260.5 m

• normal operating gross head 13.5 m

• 1:100-yr flood flow 441 m3/s

• 1:100-yr low flow 1.24 m3/s

• long-term average flow 37.1 m3/s

2.3.1.3 Installed Capacity The installed capacity at this site will be a single unit of 5.0 MW.

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2.3.1.4 Site Access The proposed site access will be approximately 7 km long, connecting with the existing Buchanan Road (Appendix A3, Middle Township Buchan GS, Lines and Roads Map).

2.3.1.5 Headworks Structures Plates 1 and 2 (Appendix A3) show the layout and details of the flow control structures. There is a single dam incorporating a 46-m long earth-filled abutment, the powerhouse and a 90-m long roller compacted concrete (RCC) spillway section.

2.3.1.6 Conveyance System Within the head-pond limits, the area in front of the intake will be deepened to improve flow to the powerhouse. A tailrace channel will be excavated below the powerhouse to return water from the powerhouse to the river.

2.3.1.7 Powerhouse The powerhouse footprint will be approximately 35 m long by 13 m wide. Plate 3 in Appendix A3 shows the plan and a cross-sectional profile of the powerhouse.

2.3.1.8 Transmission All 44-kV feeder lines from other sites will converge at this location (Appendix A3, Middle Township Buchan GS, Lines and Roads Map). From the Middle Township Buchan site, a common 44 or 115-kV line will connect to the Ivanhoe River – Third Falls Line, and subsequently to the Weston Lake DS, then onward to Circuit T61S, Tower 217 (Appendix A5, Kapuskasing/Ivanhoe to Point of Connection, Lines and Roads Map).

2.3.1.9 Area of Inundation Approximately 12.4 ha of additional area will be inundated behind the dam (Appendix A3, Plate 6).

2.3.2 Operating Strategy for Project 2.3.2.1 Type of Proposed Project The proposed development will be operated as a run-of-river with modified peaking (as defined by MEI, 2010). As per the MEI website, “a run-of-river with modified peaking is a plant which allows for limited storage of water to produce more electricity during periods of high demand and save water during periods of low demand for use at a later time.”

2.3.2.2 Operating Strategy Xeneca proposes to operate based on the natural run of water upstream of the plant with some daily flow modifications.

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Proposed 5 Proposed Spillway and Dam Powerhouse 6

Proposed Photo 4 Photo 5 Earth-filled Dam 7 8

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will occur during periods of low flow when the natural run in the river drops below the plant capacity. These conditions occur predominantly in late summer and late winter. The amount of water that can be stored is limited by the amount of natural storage available and based on acceptable fluctuation of water levels upstream and minimum flow requirements downstream of the plant. Details of the operation will be determined during the Waterpower Class EA based on environmental, stakeholder and economic constraints specific to the project.

2.3.2.3 Water Management Plan An amendment to the Mattagami River WMP will be required before the station commences operation. Current waterpower operators within this plan include Ontario Power Generation generating stations on the Mattagami River and the Tembec Spruce Falls Inc. facility (dam and generating station) in Kapuskasing as well as the pending Hydromega generating stations downstream of the project.

2.4 Near North Boundary 2.4.1 Description of Proposed Project 2.4.1.1 General The proposed project at Near North Boundary would capture the surveyed gross head of 9 m. The conceptual development incorporates the use of a dam/weir. The powerhouse is attached to the dam. It contains one Kaplan turbine with a nameplate rating of 3.75 MW (Appendix A4, Plate 1).

The general arrangement and photographs of river within the proposed head pond are shown in Figure 2.4. Further details of the power facilities are presented on successive plates found in Appendix A4. The extent of the lands involved in the development is also shown on the plates. The proposed site development is described in more detail in the following sections.

2.4.1.2 Summary of Hydraulic Characteristics Estimated existing water levels

• normal operating headwater level el 259 m

• normal tailwater level downstream of powerhouse el 250 m

• normal operating gross head 9 m

• 1:100-yr flood flow 529 m3/s

• 1:100-yr low flow 1.5 m3/s

• long-term average flow 44.6 m3/s

2.4.1.3 Installed Capacity The installed capacity at this site will be a single unit of 3.75 MW.

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2.4.1.4 Site Access The proposed site access will be approximately 7 km long, intersecting the new road from Middle Township Buchan approximately one third along its length to its connection with the existing Buchanan Road (Appendix A4, Near North Boundary GS, Lines and Roads Map).

2.4.1.5 Headworks Structures Plates 1 and 2 (Appendix A4) show the layout and details of the water control structures. There is a single dam incorporating a 23-m long earth-filled abutment, a 95-m long spillway section and powerhouse. (Appendix A4, Plates 1 and 2).

2.4.1.6 Conveyance System Within the head-pond limits, the area in front of the intake will be deepened to improve flow to the powerhouse. A tailrace channel will be excavated below the powerhouse to return water from the powerhouse to the river.

2.4.1.7 Powerhouse The powerhouse footprint will be approximately 35 m long by 10 m wide. Its intake will be approximately 11.6 m wide and 3.9 m deep. Plate 3 shows a cross-sectional profile of the powerhouse and spillway (Appendix A4, Plate 3).

2.4.1.8 Transmission A new 44-kV line will run to the Middle Township Buchan site from the Near North Boundary site (Appendix A4, Near North Boundary GS, Lines and Roads Map). From the Middle Township Buchan site, a common 44 or 115-kV line will connect to the Ivanhoe River – Third Falls Line, and subsequently to the Weston Lake DS, then onward to Circuit T61S, Tower 217 (Appendix A5, Kapuskasing/Ivanhoe to Point of Connection, Lines and Roads Map).

2.4.1.9 Area of Inundation Approximately 1.6 ha of additional area will be inundated behind the dam (Appendix A4, Plate 6).

2.4.2 Operating Strategy for Project 2.4.2.1 Type of Proposed Project The proposed development will be operated as a run-of-river with modified peaking (as defined by MEI, 2010). As per the MEI website, ‘a run-of-river with modified peaking is a plant which allows for limited storage of water to produce more electricity during periods of high demand and save water during periods of low demand for use at a later time”.

2.4.2.2 Operating Strategy Xeneca proposes to operate based on the natural run of water upstream of the plant with some daily flow modifications.

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4 Proposed Earth-filled Dam Photo 3 Proposed Spillway and Dam

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long-term storage of water is proposed. The MEI refers to this operation mode as “run-of-river with modified peaking”. Most of the yearly production will occur round the clock. Production shifting will occur during periods of low flow when the natural run in the river drops below the plant capacity. These conditions occur predominantly in late summer and late winter. The amount of water that can be stored is limited by the amount of natural storage available and based on acceptable fluctuation of water levels upstream and minimum flow requirements downstream of the plant. Details of the operation will be determined during the Waterpower Class EA based on environmental, stakeholder and economic constraints specific to the project.

2.4.2.3 Water Management Plan An amendment to the Mattagami River WMP will be required before the station commences operation. Current waterpower operators within this plan include Ontario Power Generation generating stations on the Mattagami River and the Tembec Spruce Falls Inc. facility (dam and generating station) in Kapuskasing as well as the pending Hydromega generating stations downstream of the project.

2.5 Project Activities 2.5.1 Construction Schedule and Activities Construction of the proposed facilities is scheduled to take place between 2013 and 2014.

2.5.2 Operation The facilities will operate as a run-of-river with limited daily peaking facility. The facility will be designed with the capacity to be remotely operated in addition to having on-site controls.

Typically, hydroelectric projects are designed for a 50 to 100-yr lifespan. Upgrades and rehabilitation activities may extend their useful life.

2.5.3 Decommissioning There are no present plans for decommissioning of the facilities. The decision on decommissioning (or alternatively upgrading or rehabilitation to extend facility life) would depend on the structure/ historic attributes of the facility as well as economic and other considerations at the time. The responsibility of decommissioning will be undertaken by the current owner at such a time as the facility is deemed no longer useful. At such time the decommissioning will be completed according to the legal requirements of regulatory body responsible for it at that time.

2.6 Resource Material Requirements 2.6.1 Energy and Water Requirements and Sources On-site energy requirements during construction are likely to be provided by portable diesel generators. Operational energy requirements for the facility will be supplied via a return distribution line from the interconnection point. A back-up diesel generator will likely be installed on site to provide emergency power to the facility during power outages.

On-site water requirements for construction are not known at the present time, although it is likely the water will be required during the construction process (i.e., concrete mixing, wash water, etc).

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This water may be supplied from the Kapuskasing River via portable pumps. The quantities required are anticipated to be small and will not require a Permit to Take Water (PTTW) from MOE as the taking will be much less than the 50,000 L/d threshold. Construction process water might also be trucked in from outside sources if required.

Operational water requirements for the facility are not known at this time. Small amounts of cooling water may be withdrawn from the Kapuskasing River to cool powerhouse components. A PTTW will be obtained if the amount required exceeds the PTTW threshold. There will not likely be any requirement for potable water at the facilities. Operation water requirements will be determined prior to the completion of the EA process.

2.6.2 Excavation and Quantity of Fill Excavation will be required for the dams, canals, powerhouses and tailrace channels. The expected quantity of excavated material is unknown at this point. Excavated material will include topsoil, underlying soils and bedrock in terrestrial areas, and channel bed material and bedrock within the riverbed. Existing channel bed material will be reused to the greatest extent possible to re-line the excavated portions of the channel downstream from the facility. Excess material will be stored for future use on roadways and other areas requiring fill or material. Excess material will be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. Solid waste materials requiring off-site disposal will be chemically tested for waste classification purposes in accordance with the Ontario Waste Management Regulation (O. Reg. 347), as amended by Regulation 558/00, and then disposed of accordingly.

Some materials (road base, concrete mixing, etc) may be required from commercial sources, but quantities are unknown at this time.

2.6.3 Toxic/Hazardous Materials Fuels, hydraulic fluids and lubricants will be used in equipment during construction and operation of the facilities. The storage facility for these materials will comply with all current regulations and guidelines (O. Reg. 347). The storage of small amounts of hydraulic fluids and lubricants will be in a contained area, well away from the watercourse. It is not anticipated that any explosives will be manufactured on site. Any explosives stored on site (if required) will be contained in a manner compliant with Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) requirements and Industry standards. Transport of explosives will be done in accordance with TC requirements (e.g., Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act).

2.6.4 Waste Disposal Solid nonhazardous construction waste (e.g., material packaging) generated during the construction process will be removed from the site to an approved disposal location (likely the municipal landfill) or recycling/composting facility if available. Waste debris from clearing activities (e.g., grubbing, non-merchantable timber) will be disposed of in accordance with regulatory requirements. No gaseous wastes other than construction equipment emissions are anticipated. Industrial liquids such as paints, sealants, fuels and lubricating fluids will be stored in a secure containment area and disposed of in accordance with provincial liquid waste disposal regulations (e.g., Environmental Protection Act and O. Reg. 347).

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3. Project Site Information

3.1 Project Location Figure 1.1 shows the location of the project relative to local communities (Kapuskasing and Elsas), roads, and in relation to each other. Table 3.1 provides the geographic coordinates of the four sites.

Table 3.1 Geographic Coordinates of Sites Site and MNR Geographic Name Site No. Geographic Coordinates Drainage Area (Latitude, Longitude) (km2) Kapuskasing Lake Outlet 4LE01 48.8396 -82.8396 3474 Lapinigam Rapids 4LE03 48.7152 -82.8294 3576 (Buchan Falls) Middle Township Buchan 4LE05 48.5571 -82.8646 3693 (Clouston Rapids) Near North Boundary 4LF09 48.7688 -82.84.64 4306 (Cedar Rapids)

The sites are located in the Townships of Kapuskasing, Buchan, Clouston, Allenby and Maude.

3.2 Natural Environmental Features 3.2.1 Physical Environment 3.2.1.1 Geology and Soils The study area is situated within the Superior Geologic Province (composed of Early Precambrian rocks). The bedrock geology of the study area consists of a gneissic tonalite suite of intrusive rocks that are Archean in age.

Glaciolacustrine deposits of silt and clay are found scattered throughout the study area. Fluvial deposits of gravel, sand, silt and clay and organic deposits of peat, muck and marl, are also found in several scattered areas in the general study area.

3.2.1.2 Surface Water Resources The drainage area at Kapuskasing Lake Outlet is 3474 km2, Lapinigam Rapids is 3576 km2, Middle Township Buchan is 3693 km2, and Near North Boundary is 4306 km2 (Hatch 2009).

The mean annual average flow at Kapuskasing Lake Outlet is 35.9 m3/s, at Lapinigam Rapids is 36.9 m3/s, at Middle Township Buchan is 37.1 m3/s, and at Near North Boundary is 44.6 m3/s. Mean monthly flows at each site are summarized in Table 3.2.

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Table 3.2 Mean Monthly Water Flows Month Mean Monthly Flows (m3/s) Kapuskasing Lake Outlet January 10.6 February 8.0 March 8.2 April 58.2 May 133.9 June 55.7 July 31.8 August 18.9 September 19.9 October 34.0 November 31.7 December 18.1 Lapinigam Rapids January 10.9 February 8.2 March 8.4 April 59.9 May 137.8 June 57.3 July 32.7 August 19.4 September 20.5 October 35.0 November 32.6 December 18.6 Middle Township Buchan January 11.0 February 8.2 March 8.5 April 60.2 May 138.5 June 57.6 July 32.9 August 19.5 September 20.6 October 35.2 November 32.8 December 18.7

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Near North Boundary January 13.2 February 9.9 March 10.2 April 72.4 May 166.3 June 69.2 July 39.5 August 23.5 September 24.8 October 42.2 November 39.4 December 22.5

High and low flow return periods are summarized n Table 3.3.

Table 3.3 High and Low Flow Return Periods Flow Return Period Flood Flows Extreme Low Flows (years) (m3/s) (m3/s) Kapuskasing Lake Outlet 1.25 193.2 6.78 2 231.9 5.08 5 283.9 3.45 10 318.3 2.67 20 351.3 2.09 50 394.0 1.52 100 426.0 1.20 Lapinigam Rapids 1.25 198.9 6.78 2 238.7 5.08 5 292.2 3.45 10 327.7 2.67 20 361.6 2.09 50 405.6 1.52 100 438.6 1.20 Middle Township Buchan 1.25 199.9 7.01 2 239.9 5.26 5 293.6 3.57 10 329.2 2.77 20 363.4 2.16 50 407.6 1.58 100 440.7 1.24 Near North Boundary 1.25 240.1 8.42 2 288.1 6.32 5 352.7 4.29 10 395.5 3.32 20 436.5 2.60 50 489.6 1.89 100 529.4 1.49

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3.2.2 Biological Environment 3.2.2.1 Fish and Fish Habitat A total of 21 species of fish (Table 3.4) have been recorded as long-term residents in the Kapuskasing River (Hatch Acres 2008). Significant game species include walleye, northern pike, smallmouth bass and yellow perch. In addition to resident species, brook trout and ninespine stickleback have been recorded in tributaries of the Kapuskasing River and may occasionally be residents in the main channel. Lake sturgeon are found downstream of Kapuskasing but are not found in the reach proposed for development. The upper part of the Kapuskasing River (i.e., upstream of the Town of Kapuskasing) is reported to have high gradient, low turbidity, high mean depth and low fish community diversity (Seyler, 1997).

Table 3.4 Fish Species of the Kapuskasing River (Hatch Acres, 2008) Common Name Scientific Name Seyler Stantec Hatch Acres (1997) (2004) (2007a) Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens X1 X1 Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis X2 Lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis X X X Lake Herring Coregonus artedii X Northern pike Esox lucius X X X White sucker Catostomus commersonii X X X Longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus X X X Golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas X Emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides X X Common shiner Notropis cornutus X Spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius X X Longnose dace Rhinicthys cataractae X X Brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus X X Burbot Lota lota X X Ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius X2 X Trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus X X Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui X X Yellow perch Perca flavescens X X X Walleye Sander vitreus X X X Iowa darter Etheostoma exile X Johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum X X Logperch Percina caprodes X X X Mottled sculpin Cottus bairdi X X

Field studies conducted by Hatch in the spring 2010 at Lapinigam Rapids, Middle Township Buchan and Near North Boundary found walleye, northern pike, white sucker, smallmouth bass, lake whitefish and yellow perch as listed in Table 3.5.

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Table 3.5 Fish Catch Summary Species Near North Middle Township Buchan Lapinigam Rapids Downstream Downstream Downstream Upstream Walleye X X X X Northern Pike X X X X White Sucker X X X X Smallmouth Bass X X X Lake Whitefish X Yellow Perch X X Species captured or observed in reach.

Spawning walleye and white sucker were found at all three sites (Hatch 2010a). Lake whitefish and yellow perch were only found upstream of Lapinigam Rapids, while the other species were distributed across all sites. In the reach of river below Near North Boundary, numerous side channels are present which provide abundant pike spawning habitat. Similar features are not present to the same extent at other sites.

3.2.2.2 Terrestrial Vegetation and Wildlife The study area lies within the Boreal forest region (Northern Clay section) of Ontario (Rowe 1972). Forests within this section of the Boreal forest consist typically of stands of black spruce alone, or in a mixed-wood environment with trembling aspen, balsam poplar, balsam fir, white spruce, white birch and jack pine. Vegetation surveys were undertaken at each site during summer 2010 (Hatch, 2010b). The following provides preliminary results:

Kapuskasing Lake Outlet – The over story species of most surveyed plots were a mixture of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides)/white birch (Betula papyrifera), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), white birch/trembling aspen/balsam fir (Abies balsamea), eastern white cedar/black spruce (Picea mariana) or balsam fir/balsam poplar. Most of the time mountain maple (Acer spicatum) was the understory dominant specie.

Lapinigam Rapids – The over story was a mosaic composed of white birch/balsam fir, trembling aspen/white birch, white birch/balsam fir, balsam fir/eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) or eastern white cedar/black spruce/balsam fir. The dominant understory species were black spruce, balsam fir and/or mountain maple.

Middle Township Buchan – The over story was white birch/balsam fir, eastern white cedar/balsam fir or black spruce/ eastern white cedar. The understory layer was dominated by balsam fir, eastern white cedar and/or mountain maple.

Near North Boundary – Jack pine stand was most prevalent at this site. The over story species were jack pine (Pinus banksiana)/white birch/balsam fir, jack pine/trembling aspen or trembling aspen/white birch. Mountain maple, beaked hazelnut (Corylus cornuta) and/or balsam fir were the dominants species of the understory.

Riparian habitats generally consisted of scattered pockets of emergent arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.) and water horsetail (Equisetum fluviale) along river banks, backed by occasional patches of meadow vegetation commonly including spotted joe pye-weed (Eupatorium maculatum), reed canary grass

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(Phalaris arundinacea) and sedges. Shrubs such as red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and speckled alder (Alnus incana ssp. Rugosa) were usually common at the forest edge. Trees common at the forest edge included eastern white cedar, black ash (Fraxinus nigra), black spruce, and white birch.

Based on the Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario, up to 35 species may reside within the study area (Hatch Acres 2008). Furbearing mammals that depend on aquatic environments for part or all of their life cycle, and that are likely present in the watershed, include beaver, muskrat, mink and river otter. Other non-aquatic mammals that may reside in the vicinity of the study area include moose, black bear, marten, fisher, red fox, porcupine, snowshoe hare, striped skunk, raccoon, wolf and coyote.

Approximately 70 land bird species are known to breed in the Boreal shield region of eastern Canada. Twenty-one species were observed during field surveys in late summer 2010 (Hatch, 2010b).

The potential ranges of 11 species of amphibians and reptiles in Ontario may overlap with the study area. Field surveys conducted in the study area during late summer 2010 confirmed the presence of American toad and wood frog (Hatch, 2010b).

3.2.2.3 Species at Risk A search of MNR records by the OWA did not find any Species at Risk (SAR) (Hoag 2010). Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) has been recorded in the lower reaches of the Kapuskasing River downstream from the Tembec Spruce Falls dam (Hatch Acres 2008), but are not present within the project area (Hatch, 2010a).

Species that may be present in the study area that are listed on either Species at Risk Act (SARA) or the Endangered Species Act (ESA) include: Bald Eagle, Black Tern, Yellow Rail, Short-eared Owl, Common Nighthawk, Olive-sided Flycatcher, and Canada Warbler (Hatch Acres 2008).

3.2.2.4 Provincially Significant Areas The Chapleau-Nemegosenda River Waterway Park (P1546) lies to the south (upstream) of the project area, entering Kapuskasing Lake at the mouths of the Chapleau and Nemegosenda rivers and extending approximately 0.4 km northward past the junction of the Kapuskasing and Nemegosenda rivers. This backcountry park is made up of two parallel rivers, each running north for about 60 km until converging on Kapuskasing Lake. This is moose country and waterfowl habitat, with significant wetlands interspersed among the boreal forests. The Nemegosenda River Wetlands Park Addition (P1550) lies to the east of Kapuskasing Lake. The rocks in the Nemegosenda (both the lake and the river) date from the Precambrian era, being around two to three billion years ago (MNR, 2010a). There are no park facilities, but visitors may enjoy backcountry canoeing, camping and fishing. Hunting is not permitted. Access is via portage 12 on a logging road from Chapleau; via the railway station at Elsas; or via Emerald Lake along Highway 101 (MNR, 2010a).

To the north (approximately 40 km), the Shanly Creek Drumlins Conservation Reserve (C1553) is located on the east side of the river. It consists of a 3734-ha reserve that was developed to preserve unique glacial features within the area (MNR, 2010b).

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There are no known Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) in close proximity to the study area.

3.3 Socioeconomic Features 3.3.1 Current and Past Land Uses The project is located in the Townships of Kapuskasing, Buchan, Clouston, Allenby and Maude on provincial Crown Land.

The project is located within General Use Area ‘G1770: General Mixed Use Areas’ and General Use Area ‘G1736: Kapuskasing Resource Extraction Area’. According to the Policy Report, the primary intent for G1770 is to be an expansion of the forest, mining, and trapping sectors. Intermixed with these sectors will be locally dominant recreation and tourism concerns. Road access will be used to facilitate the priority land uses and at the same time increase recreational opportunities. All management and extraction plants will contain conditions to protect significant recreational values, historical and archaeological sites and fisheries and wildlife habitat (MNR, 2010b).

The primary intent for Area G1736 is for extraction and the use of natural resources. Management priorities include forest management, fur management, mineral and aggregate programs. Water storage for hydroelectric power generation is also a significant priority. The area is also supposed to provide an environment where other resources such as public recreation (hunting, fishing, camping etc), commercial tourism and cottaging can take place with a minimum of conflict (MNR, 2010b).

3.3.1.1 Traditional Canoe and Fur Trade Route A Stage I Archaeological Assessment will be undertaken to confirm/establish any archaeological resources. If required, a Cultural Heritage Assessment will also be completed to determine any cultural heritage resources potentially affected by the project.

3.3.1.2 Forestry The project area is located within the Gordon Cosens Forest, which is managed by Tembec Spruce Falls Inc. under a Sustainable Forest Licence (SFL). The forest is currently being harvested in accordance with the approved Forest Management Plan (FMP) (2005-2025). According to satellite imagery (Google Earth 2010) there are commercial forestry operations taking place in the vicinity of the project.

3.3.1.3 Hunting/Harvesting The Kapuskasing River represents the border between Wildlife Management Unit (WMU) 30 (to the west) and WMU 23 (to the east). Popular game species in the area include moose, black bear, and grouse (MNR, 2010).

3.3.1.4 Mineral Resources The project is located in an area of alienation (Withdrawal Area W-P-91/04) that was withdrawn from mineral staking in 2004 to allow waterpower development. According to the website CLAIMaps there are no claims or leases within 1 km of the dam (Debicki 2010) (Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry, 2010).

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3.3.1.5 Recreation/Tourism The Kapuskasing River is a designated Canoe Route in Ontario, and supports a moderate degree of primarily local usage. Remote tourism occurs on Kapuskasing Lake.

3.3.2 Potential Contamination of the Site from Past Uses No contamination of the proposed site from previous land use is known or anticipated given the remote location and Greenfield nature of the project.

3.3.3 Proximity to Aboriginal Reserves and Traditional Territory The project area is located within the Gordon Cosens Forest, which is presently managed by Tembec under a SFL. There are no present-day native communities located in or adjacent to the Gordon Cosens Forest (MNR, 2004). The closest native community to the Gordon Cosens Forest is the Mattagami First Nation near Gogama, which is approximately 50 km southeast of the management unit. Other First Nation communities near, but outside the management unit, include the Constance Lake First Nation west of Hearst, the Taykwa Tagamou Nation (New Post First Nation) northeast of Cochrane, the Moose Cree First Nation near Moose Factory and Chapleau (Chapleau Cree), and the Brunswick House First Nation (Mont Batten and Duck Lake), and the Chapleau Ojibway First Nation near Chapleau. The closest of these latter communities is the Constance Lake First Nation which is located approximately 75 km west of the management unit (MNR, 2004).

There is a small reserve located on the eastern shore of Kapuskasing Lake (IR 83). This is a Reservation that was “purchased from the Province of Ontario to provide land for the Indians of Locality” dated June 27, 1924. The location is presently unoccupied with no specific band affiliation. In addition, the details of the text on the Certificate of Ownership state “Not a reserve within the meaning of the Indian Act” (MNR, 2004).

Reservation lands directly adjacent to the Gordon Cosens Forest is the Flying Post Indian Reserve (IR 73) located on the eastern boundary of the management unit, however there is no one presently residing on these lands. The Taykwa Tagamou Nation (New Post First Nation – presently established northeast of Cochrane, Ontario) also has reserve lands approximately 36 km east of the management unit, although these lands remain unoccupied (MNR, 2004).

3.3.4 Proximity to Important or Designated Environmental or Cultural Sites A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment is scheduled to be undertaken by a licensed archaeologist to determine whether there is potential for archaeological resources to exist within the project area.

3.3.5 Proximity to Residential and Other Urban Areas The sites are located within a rural area, with the closest residential/urban area to the site being the community of Elsas located on the north end of Kapuskasing Lake near the mouth of Kapuskasing Lake. This community is primarily a CN work camp, although a number of private summer camps/lodges are also present within the community.

Kapuskasing is the largest community near the project area (approximately 70 km to the north).

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4. Additional Requirements Related to Fish, Fish Habitat and Navigable Waters

No additional information regarding the environmental features of the site (other than that discussed in Section 3) is available at this time. Xeneca Power Development is undertaking a series of field investigations to fill the baseline data gaps. The proposed field investigations are summarized in Appendix B.

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5. Potential Effects to the Environment

5.1 Zone of Influence Due to the need to impound water behind the dam to divert water to the powerhouse of the proposed development, the approximate zone of the influence for each station will extend

• 0.2 km upstream from the Kapuskasing Lake Outlet powerhouse

• 1.4 km upstream from the Lapinigam Rapids dam and powerhouse

• 3.3 km upstream from the Middle Twp Buchan dam and powerhouse

• 0.6 km upstream from the Near North Boundary dam and powerhouse.

5.2 Potential Effects to the Environment In order to provide a preliminary identification of the potential effects that the proposed project could have on the environment, the Potential Effects Identification Matrix from the OWA Class EA document (OWA, 2008) was completed (Table 5.1). It is important to note that this table was completed using preliminary information regarding the existing natural and socioeconomic features of the project study area and the preliminary project design to date. The effects assessment will be refined following completion of the baseline studies that are proposed and further refinements to the proposed engineering design of the facilities.

The potential level of effect (positive or negative) is based on the guidance in the OWA Class EA (OWA, 2008). Accordingly, the following definitions of effects were utilized:

• a ‘nil’ effect would be assigned where there is no effect on that criterion

• a ‘low’ potential effect would be assigned where the potential impact and/or benefit is considered low or minimal

• a ‘high’ potential effect could be assigned where the potential impact and/or benefit is believed to be considerable

• an ‘unk’ would be assigned where the potential effects are unknown or there is insufficient information to assign a potential level of effect with reasonable certainty

• a ‘-‘ means a potential negative effect

• a ‘+’ means a potential positive effect.

The potential effects are identified as occurring before the implementation of mitigation measures, which would be enacted to prevent or minimize the adverse effects identified in Table 5.1. The ‘Comments, Rationale’ column in the table identifies the potential effects that could occur, and the ‘Mitigation Measures’ column identifies the measures that could potentially be implemented to prevent or minimize adverse effects. Additional mitigation measures that could potentially be utilized are identified in Appendix B of the OWA Class EA (OWA 2008).

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Table 5.1 Potential Effects Identification Matrix for Construction and Operation Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H General Natural Environment Considerations Air quality, including X • Potential adverse effects • Standard construction site GHG Offsets during construction due best management practices to to equipment exhaust, minimize air emissions due to smoke from burning exhaust, waste burning and waste materials and dust dust. emissions. • Diesel generator operates • Potential adverse effects very infrequently (typically during operations due to only in emergency situations). diesel generator emissions. X • Potential positive effects due to GHG offsets. Water quality or quantity X • Potential adverse effects • Standard construction site (surface water) on water quality during best management practices to construction due to control erosion and erosion and sedimentation and prevent sedimentation and accidental spills from accidental spills. occurring. • Potential effects on water • Spill prevention and quality during operation containment measures to be due to shoreline erosion, in place throughout inundation of terrestrial operational period. land in head ponds (e.g., • Run of river with limited nutrients, mercury inputs) diurnal peaking mode of and accidental spills. operation will minimize water • Change to flow volume level fluctuations which could through bypass reach and otherwise cause excessive within river sections due shoreline erosion and to peaking operations. associated adverse water quality conditions – shoreline erosion protection utilized on sensitive areas. • Restrict increase above ambient river level and clearing of vegetation in proposed head ponds to limit nutrient availability in inundated area. • Determine volume required through bypass reach and in river reaches during peaking on basis of biological needs. Water quality or quantity X • Potential adverse effects • Standard construction site (groundwater) on groundwater quality best management practices to during construction due prevent accidental spills and to accidental spills. manage groundwater. • Potential decreases in local groundwater quantity during construction due to groundwater leakage into project excavations.

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Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H Species at risk and X • Search of the NHIC • EA will determine whether their habitat database indicates that suitable habitat is present in there are no documented study area. occurrences of species at • Baseline inventories are being risk in the study area conducted on several occasions in 2010 to document the presence/ absence of species at risk – potential effects and required mitigation will be assessed subsequently in cooperation with MNR. Significant earth or life X • Potential effects are not • Field studies are being science features yet known, since site conducted in 2010 and the specific vegetation extent of any representative inventories have not been features will be documented. completed to document • Mitigation measures will be the extent of the developed to minimize representative features. potential effects on any representative features. Land subject to natural or X • It is currently unknown if • Field investigations will be human-made hazards any natural hazards exist conducted to assess at the proposed presence/absence of natural development sites. hazards (e.g., significant existing erosion areas). Terrestrial wildlife X • Terrestrial wildlife could • Habitat loss associated with (including numbers, be affected by loss/ the project will be minimized diversity and movement of fragmentation of habitat to the greatest extent possible. resident or migratory (associated with • Project planning will species) construction of site minimize potential effects on facilities and associated terrestrial wildlife from infrastructure, head-pond loss/fragmentation of habitat creation, etc), and and disturbance (i.e. use of disturbance associated existing forestry roads to with construction and greatest extent possible). operations of the • Analysis of habitat loss to proposed facilities. inundation will consider the availability of equivalent habitat immediately outside of the zone of influence of the proposed undertaking. Natural vegetation and X • Natural vegetation and • Extent of clearing terrestrial habitat terrestrial habitat associated with the project linkages linkages could be will be minimized to the affected by clearing greatest extent possible. associated with • Other best management construction of site practices including facilities (roads, limiting corridor widths, transmission lines and signage for wildlife associated crossing etc will be infrastructure, head considered to minimize pond creation, and potential impacts. accidental spills/ malfunctions.

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Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H Soils and sediment quality X • Soil and sediment quality • Construction site best could be adversely management practices will be affected by excavation implemented for erosion and and removal, sedimentation control, dust compaction, loss due to management and prevention/ fugitive dust or erosion or containment of accidental accidental spills during spills to limit the potential for construction or operation. adverse effects on soil and sediment quality. Significant natural heritage X • It is currently unknown if • Field studies are being features and areas any natural areas, conducted in 2010 and significant plant significance of identified communities, wildlife habitats will be determined. concentration area, ANSIs • Mitigation measures will be and Provincial Parks exist developed to minimize within a 10-km grid potential effects on any surrounding the proposed representative features. damsite. Other (specify) X • No other components • N/A identified to date. Aquatic and Riparian Ecosystem Considerations Shoreline dependant X • Shoreline dependant • Natural regeneration of species riparian vegetation will shoreline habitat will be impacted by the eventually restore these areas creation of an inundation for use by shoreline area. dependent species. Wetland dependant species X • It is currently unknown if • Field investigations are being any wetlands exist at the conducted to assess proposed development presence/absence of sites. wetlands. Fish habitat X • Fish habitat could be • Fish habitat mitigation and affected by instream compensation measures will structures (e.g., overflow be developed in discussions weir, tailrace excavations, with MNR and DFO to ensure temporary cofferdams no net loss of the productivity and dewatering, water of fish habitat as a result of crossings on access roads the project. and transmission lines), • Bypass flow and river reach changes in flow (bypass flows to be determined based reaches) and water level on biological need with (head ponds) and MNR/DFO. sedimentation. Fish migration X • The dams could • Fisheries investigations are potentially block the being undertaken to movement of fish determine where critical spawning habitats are located and if the dams would block migration to these habitats. Fisheries X X • Head pond may result in • Although the amount may be an overall increase in the more it will be lacustrine vs amount of aquatic habitat riverine habitat. This must be available. discussed with DFO and MNR as part of the overall strategy for dealing with fish habitat loss.

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Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H Erosion and sedimentation X • Potential for erosion and • Standard construction site sedimentation due to best management practices to construction activities. minimize erosion and • Potential for long term sedimentation potential bank erosion due to water during construction. level and flow • Bank stabilization measures, management activities. as required, on very susceptible erosion sites. Fish injury or mortality X • Potential for some • Inflow velocities will be (impingement and impingement on trash compared with swimming entrainment) racks and entrainment capabilities of fish species of and mortality through concern to determine the turbine flows. likelihood of impingement or entrainment. If a significant impact is predicted it may be necessary to adjust intake velocities to minimize impingement and entrainment potential or to consider diversion methods for fish. • Determine expected turbine mortality using published formulas with site and facility characteristics. Water levels, flows and X • Flows through bypass • Flow in bypass reaches movement (surface or reaches will be reduced established on basis of groundwater) due to diversion of flow biological need. through the powerhouse. • Field investigation to • Flows through river determine amount and reaches will be changed function of habitat in bypass due to peaking reaches operations. • Flow in bypass and river reaches to be established on basis of maintaining biological function. Drainage, flooding and X • Minor changes in local • A drainage network will be drought patterns drainage will occur due installed around the facility to to facility, lay down, ensure adequate site drainage. access road and • Facilities will be constructed transmission line to meet flood passage construction. requirements. • Extreme flood levels may be somewhat higher in the head ponds due to the water level increase. Water temperature X • Changes in water • No mitigation required – temperature in head pond overall thermal regime of the due to increased surface river not likely affected. area and slower flow velocity anticipated to be negligible. Other (specify) X • No other components • N/A identified. Aboriginal Community Considerations First Nation reserves or X • It is not known at this • Potentially affected First other Aboriginal time if operation of the Nations are being consulted communities project will have an and mitigation undertaken as adverse effect on local required. Aboriginal communities.

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Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H Spiritual, ceremonial, X • Disturbance to spiritual, • Aboriginal consultation to cultural, archaeological, or ceremonial, cultural, identify local resources will burial sites archaeological or burial be conducted to mitigate sites could occur during potential negative issues. A construction and Stage One Archaeological operation activities. Assessment is being completed to identify local resources (or resource potential). Traditional land or X • Effects to the aquatic and • Mitigation measures, as resources used for terrestrial environment appropriate, are provided harvesting activities (discussed above) may above. result in negative effects to traditional lands and resources used for harvesting activities. Employment X • Construction and • N/A operation of the project by a First Nation will result in opportunities for employment of community members. Lands subject to X • There is no known land • N/A land claims claim. Economic development X • Unknown. • To be determined.

Other (specify) X • No other components • N/A identified to date. Land and Resource Use Considerations Access to inaccessible areas X • Access road upgrading to (land or water) accommodate construction equipment and material delivery will result in improved access to the river and Kapuskasing Lake by land. Access to the area by water will remain as is Navigation X • Navigation and portage routes could be affected by the proposed developments. Riparian rights or privileges • The project area, X including the head-pond shoreline will exist on Provincial land. At present, effects to riparian resource use are not known. Recreational use – • Scenic attractions and (land or water) X aesthetic or recreation features along the river will be assessed. The full extent of effects to recreational use will be determined in consultation with project stakeholders.

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Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H Angling and hunting X • The extent of hunting and opportunities angling use within the project area is currently unknown; however these activities likely take place in the vicinity. Effects to angling and hunting opportunities will be determined in consultation with project stakeholders. Trapping activities X • If the project is located within licensed trapping area(s). Project construction and operation, including head pond filling may result in adverse effects to harvest success. Baitfish harvesting activities X • Current harvesting sites are unknown. If harvesting is going on then some effects could occur during construction. Views or aesthetics X • Construction and operation of the project will result in a change to aesthetics of the area. The determination of this effect as positive or negative is subjective. An existing land or resource • Waterpower management plan X development is a recognized use (by MNR) of the Kapuskasing River, with a 500-m wide corridor established along the shoreline for that use. An existing water X • A WMP currently exists management plan for the Mattagami River. Protected areas X • The Chapleau- Nemegosenda Waterway Park extends northward along the Nemegosenda River to just past its junction with the Kapuskasing River. Other (specify) X • No other components identified to date. Cultural Heritage Resources Considerations Archaeological sites X • Archaeological sites are • A Stage One Archaeological known to exist within the Assessment will be completed project area. to determine potential effects. • Appropriate mitigation measures will be proposed based on assessment findings as required.

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Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H Buildings or structures X • Structural resources • Appropriate mitigation potentially affected by the measures will be proposed as project are currently required. unknown. Cultural heritage landscapes X • It is unknown whether a • Appropriate mitigation cultural heritage measures will be proposed landscape assessment will based on assessment findings be required for the as required. project. Other (specify) X • No other components • N/A identified to date. Social and Economic Considerations The Location of people, X • Social economic • Appropriate mitigation businesses, institutions, or resources to the measures will be determined public facilities community will be based on stakeholder identified. Potential consultation. effects will be determined in consultation with local residents, business owners and other stakeholders. Community character, • Effects to community • To be determined enjoyment of property, or X character, enjoyment of local amenities property and local amenities are not expected. Employment • The construction and • N/A X X operation of the project will require local and non-local employment based on qualification. Public health and/or safety X • Construction and • Prevention of public access to operation of the project the construction site through will pose public safety use of signage, gates and concern and risk. fencing among other security procedures as required. • Proper barriers and warning devices installed following construction to restrict public access to intake/tailrace areas during operation, including safety booms, fencing and signage. Local, regional, or • Economic benefits will • N/A provincial economies X include employment, expenditures on materials, equipment and services, contribution of renewable energy to the Provincial supply mix. Tourism values X • Remote tourism values • Measures to prevent access to associated with lake may be required during Kapuskasing Lake may be the operational period. affected.

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Criteria Potential Level of Effect Comments, Rationale Mitigation Measures -H -L Nil Unk +L +H Water supply X • It is currently unknown • Appropriate mitigation whether the river is a measures will be proposed as water supply for local required. communities. For potential effects to water quality, please see “Water Quality or Quantity” above. Aesthetic image of the X • See “Views or Aesthetics” • N/A surrounding area above. Other (specify) X • No other components • N/A identified to date. Energy/Electricity Considerations Reliability X • New power generation • N/A (e.g., voltage support) units are of a relatively • Appropriate mitigation small capability, and technical measures will be operation of them in proposed in protection and parallel with the existing control to minimize a power power grid will provide outage. minor impact on the overall power system reliability and power quality - voltage and frequency. Security X • Operation of the projects • The island mode of operation (e.g., Black Start) will improve distribution could require the change of customer service the interconnection protection reliability in this area. The and control scheme/settings in power generation units the HONI distribution system. will be able to provide a Further consultation with black start and island HONI required. mode of operation (assuming that is allowed by HONI) to continue to supply or electrically energize in a safe, controlled and reliable manner, part of the distribution system, including customer load that is separated from the rest of distribution system. Electricity flow patterns X • Operation of the new • Appropriate mitigation power generation units technical measures will be will redistribute power proposed in the control flow in the existing system of the power grid and distribution system. new generation units if required. Other (specify) • Operation of the new • Appropriate mitigation X power generation units technical measures will be will affect existing proposed in protection and protection and control control system of the power settings in the distribution grid. X system. • Appropriate preventive • Oil-filled electrical and measures will be proposed to mechanical equipment eliminate the risk. can potentially spill oil into the Environment.

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6. References Debicki, R.L. July 8, 2010. Letter from Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry to Xeneca Power Development with Attachment 1 Xeneca Power Development Inc.’s Proposals MDNMF Comments-Resident Geologist Program. Hatch Acres. 2008. Kapuskasing North Environmental Screening/Review and Water Management Plan Amendment Report. Prepared for Hydromega Services Inc., July 2008. Hatch. 2009. Hydrology Review for Kapuskasing River Hydropower Sites. Consultant’s Report H332529 Rev. 0, for Xeneca Power Development.

Hatch. 2010a. Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project. Spring 2010 Fisheries Investigations – Data Report – Draft Report. Prepared for Xeneca Power Development Inc., July 2010. Hatch, 2010b. Kapuskasing River Hydroelectric Project. Service Note concerning Terrestrial Investigations, October 2010. Hoag, C. July 13, 2010. Letter from OWA to Xeneca Power Development. Potential intersection of waterpower facilities and species listed under the Endangered Species Act.

Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure website, 2010. (http://www.mei.gov.on.ca/en/energy/renewable/index.php?page=water_about#types) Ministry of Natural Resources. 2004. Draft Native Background Information Report – 2000 to 2025 Forest Management Plan for the Gordon Cosens Forest, April 8, 2004. Ministry of Natural Resources. 2006. Crown Land Use Policy Atlas Policy Report G1736: Kapuskasing Resource Extraction Area. Website: http://www.lio.ontario.ca/imf- ows/sites/clupa/xmlReader.jsp?xsl=XML/web-primary.xsl&polid=G1736 Ministry of Natural Resources. 2008. Crown Land Use Policy Atlas Policy Report G1770: General Mixed Use Areas. Website: http://publicdocs.mnr.gov.on.ca/View.asp?Document_ID=15177&Attachment_ID=33191 Ministry of Natural Resources, 2010a. Chapleau-Nemegosenda Park, Ontario Parks Website: http://www.ontarioparks.com/english/chap.html

Ministry of Natural Resources. 2010b. Crown Land Use Policy Atlas. Website: http://crownlanduseatlas.mnr.gov.on.ca/ Ministry of Natural Resources. 2010c. Wildlife Management Unit Maps. Website: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/FW/2ColumnSubPage/256933.html Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry. 2010. Information on Mining Claims. Website: http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/mines/claimaps_e.asp

Ontario Waterpower Association. 2008. Class Environmental Assessment for Waterpower Projects. Rowe, J.S. 1972. Forest Regions of Canada. Canadian Forest Service Publication No. 1300. Seyler, J. 1997. Biology of Selected Riverine Fish Species in the Moose River Basin. OMNR, Northeast Science & Technology. Timmins, Ontario. IR-024. 100p.

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